Wooden ladder for a wooden house. How to make a staircase to the second floor. Markup and creation of elements

29.10.2019

The material from which the stairs are made can be different - wood, iron, concrete, or a combination of these materials. But most often, wood is used to build stairs.

Any structure must be safe for movement on it. To do this, before building a staircase, it is necessary to perform its calculations, based on what type of staircase design is expected.

To calculate a wooden staircase, do the following:

Determine the height of the interfloor space, from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor overlap, and determine the area that will be allocated for the stairs.
Determine the number of steps in a staircase based on their tread depth, riser height, and stair angle. Usually the height of the riser is 150 - 200 mm, and the optimal width of the riser is usually 250 - 320 mm.
The height of the clearance between the horizontal plane of the steps and the lowest part of the ceiling structure should also be taken into account, this is necessary so that a person, when going up or down the stairs, does not touch the ceiling structures with his head.

General examples of drawings for a wooden staircase

Before making any drawings in dwg format, you must select the type of stairs.

It is necessary to perform certain measurements and calculations, and determine the general parameters of the stairs:

The angle of the stairs, this parameter is usually in the range of 23 - 37 degrees.
The minimum height between the ceiling and steps must be at least 2 m.
The width of the stairs itself must be at least 1 meter.

After determining all the parameters, you need to draw a room plan, on which it is necessary to mark the location of the stairs and all its dimensions with reference to the room plan. Separately, it is worth making a general drawing of the entire staircase for a better understanding of all the necessary parameters.

All drawings can be made by hand, but in order to avoid mistakes, it is best to make all drawings online using a special calculator.

If a person finds it difficult to independently create a drawing of a staircase, you can use ready-made drawings and diagrams of stairs by printing them and choose the most best option. But, it is necessary to do this even at the stage of building a house, since it will be difficult to select a drawing for a finished building.

Detailed and general description of the online calculation of wooden stairs

To calculate all the necessary parameters for creating with your own hands, you need to take all the dimensions, such as the height between the floors, the area that will be allotted for the stairs, its angle of inclination, the length of the opening, the number of steps.

To calculate the stairs made of wood, it is best to use special online calculators or with special utilities:

Various utilities also allow you to calculate, view, including in 3D format, and, if necessary, edit everything, and redo all diagrams and drawings. You can even create a diagram of the whole house in such utilities, as well as draw a staircase and see how everything will look on a virtual layout.
When, you need to decide on the type of stairs, it can be single-flight, double-flight, spiral, stairs with a 180-degree turntable, etc. and each type of stairs requires its own calculation.

That is why you should use special online calculators or special utilities, which are much more profitable and easier even for novice builders.

The basis of the drawing for a ladder made of wood

The main advantage of a wooden staircase is its relative lightness, environmental friendliness, besides, wood is easy to process, and a wooden staircase will look optimal in a country wooden house.

But, before you make a staircase to the second floor of the house, you need to make a drawing of the stairs, which will take into account all the parameters:

Based on the drawings, the marking of wooden blanks is made, from which the staircase will subsequently be assembled. All dimensions that will be on paper are transferred to blanks, and they are sawn according to the markings.
But, before you make drawings and engage in sawing the material and subsequent assembly of the stairs, you should evaluate your strengths, since not everyone can correctly draw up a drawing and correctly cut all the material.

Before making a drawing, it is necessary to measure the place in the room where the staircase will be located. This is the height from floor to ceiling, the width of the ceiling, you should also take into account the type of stairs, the angle of its inclination, the fastening system, etc.

Without these data, it will be almost impossible to make a drawing of a staircase, and even more so, to make it.

The principle of drawing up a drawing of a wooden staircase to the second floor

Houses are built two-story, three-story, and, to move between floors, it is necessary to equip a staircase.

The manufacture of any staircase begins with determining its type, it can be:

Spiral or spiral staircase, single-flight classical staircase, double-flight with a turn, etc.;
Also, the staircase, in addition to its main function of lifting or lowering, can be almost invisible in the room, or, on the contrary, stand out in the interior, and even serve as a decorative decoration.

Therefore, before you start, you need to select its type, after that you should schematically draw a house plan, the staircase itself and see how this or that type of staircase will look on the diagram. If everything suits a person, you can start creating detailed drawings of the stairs.

When creating a drawing, one should take into account all previously made measurements, the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the width of the staircase itself, if it is supposed to make a fence, then it should also be shown in the drawing.

Schemes and drawings for the manufacture of wooden stairs with their own hands

The staircase is an essential element of houses, it provides a connection between floors, and the staircase must also provide comfortable movement along it, be safe and fit into the interior of the room. Planning and building a staircase should be based on building codes, and accurate calculation and drawings are also necessary, since if this is not done, then later, during manufacture, errors may be detected.

The nuances that will prevent the redoing of the entire structure, the unnecessary consumption of materials and time:

Before creating drawings, you need to decide on the type of stairs, see different examples, and choose the one that will most fully satisfy all the requirements. After that, you can start creating drawings, and plan the arrangement of the stairs in one place or another in the house.
Before creating a drawing, you must first measure, this is the height from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor partition. And also calculate the number of steps, their width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs, etc.
The drawing should not only display all the dimensions of the stairs, but also indicate the fences, their height.

It is also worth drawing general scheme house, which will display the location of the stairs indicating the area occupied.

Such a scheme will allow you to better understand what the finished staircase will look like, and will allow you to double-check all the calculations before making the stairs.

It is best for a novice builder based on drawings to start making the most a simple staircase using a carrier beam - kosour. Their number in the ladder can vary from 1 to 3.

Do-it-yourself staircase made of wood: calculations (video)

During construction high-rise building, it is necessary to equip the stairs so that you can get from floor to floor comfortably and safely for the health of residents.

Modern country country houses are rarely one-story, they mostly have two or three floors, if the building has only one floor, then it is complemented by an attic.

The need to use stairs

In these cases, there is a need for high-quality movement. The most successful solution would be the manufacture of a wooden staircase, with which it will even be possible to ensure the lifting of heavy pieces of furniture or equipment. Carrying out such work cannot be called a simple process, if it is possible to order a project, then experts advise doing just that. However, if you have carpentry skills and are completely confident in your abilities, then you can start making structures yourself.

Components of a wooden staircase

In order to understand how to make stairs yourself, you must first understand the design features of the product and its main parts. Thus, the kosour is a load-bearing beam, which is designed to support the risers and steps from below. It is this element that bears all the load. The manufacture of spiral wooden stairs involves the use of a bowstring, which is necessary to perform a support-bearing function. This element has recesses into which the steps must be inserted with their end part. The bowstring is not as preferred as the kosour, for the reason that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Even if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, they still try to make it on stringers. The steps are wooden beams, which include treads and risers. The former are horizontal, while the latter are vertical. A person will step on the surface of the tread with his feet. Whereas the riser is a vertical beam located under the step. It encloses the space and supports the structure. Quite often, stairs are made without the use of a riser, in which case the space will remain free, the leg will not rest, however, the design in this case is not so reliable and durable.

For reference

If you will be making wooden stairs for the house, then you should take into account the fact that the steps can be radius, rectangular, which looks very nice. Sometimes they are made rotatable at some angle to replace the dividing platform. If you want your staircase to look attractive, then you should choose railings, which are represented by handrails and balusters. Their size and shape can be completely different. As a rule, these components are made to order in the form that the consumer wishes to see.

If the design of the stairs involves the presence of more than one flight, then a support column is used in the manufacture, which is sometimes replaced by pillars in those places where the stairs turn.

Tread Width

Making wooden stairs with your own hands, the drawings of which you can prepare yourself or entrust the work to professionals, provides for the correct determination of the width of the tread. According to the rules, the smallest width of the tread should be 22 centimeters, as for the maximum value, it varies from 37 to 40 centimeters. If this figure turns out to be less, then it will be quite problematic to go down, if more, then the step will go astray.

Design choice

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the choice design features products. It is important to take into account how many free space you have. Aesthetic considerations must be taken into account. Speaking conditionally, all stairs can be divided into mid-flight and spiral, the latter variety is used quite rarely, mainly in cases where free space is extremely limited in the room. Among other things, spiral staircases are of little use. If there is a need to bring heavy furniture, then this will be extremely difficult. It can serve exclusively for the ascent or descent of one person.

What the master needs to know

To carry out manufacturing manipulations, it will be necessary to carry out rather complex calculations, since the support will occur on one pillar, or rather, a support. The manufacture of a wooden staircase can be carried out on the basis of a mid-flight design, which is the most common. The composition includes flights of stairs, steps and platforms, which are separated by a march.

Material preparation

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the purchase of lumber. For the manufacture of stringers or bowstrings, you will need a bar with a cross section of 50 x 250 millimeters. The minimum width is 150 millimeters, which is true when the design allows.

For the manufacture of the riser, beams should be purchased, the minimum thickness of which should be 25 millimeters, and more massive material can be used. For treads, beams from 30 to 40 millimeters are best suited. The manufacturing technology of wooden stairs provides for compliance with certain rules. Thus, you can order balusters and handrails from the manufacturer or purchase from ready-made. Some experts make them on their own, but it is quite difficult, for this you need to have certain equipment and experience.

Installation of stringers and bowstrings

If you will be making a wooden staircase, then the beam purchased for the stringers must be cut from the bottom and top so that the desired length of the stairs is obtained. After that, the thickness of one tread should be cut from the bottom, which will be 5 centimeters. When calculating the number of treads, you can not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is not so important for the structure, with the exception of the first step, its height must be increased by the thickness of the tread. Wooden stairs, which you can make yourself, provide for cutting an opening in the stringer for the steps. On the construction square, it is necessary to mark the height of the riser, and after that - the width of the tread, from given value you need to subtract 4 centimeters. Now with a pencil you should transfer the markings to the inner base of the beam. The master should saw off the excess, for which it is best to use a saw or an electric jigsaw. However, if such tools are not available, then a hand saw can be used. If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, then you need to attach the stringer to the place where the staircase will be located. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower one against the floor of the first floor. Next, you should analyze how horizontally the cuts for the steps are located.

The nuances of the work

Kosourov will need two, however, depending on the loads that the staircase will have to endure, there may be more of them. In this case, you will need to prepare the rest, using the first one as a template. The entire surface must be sanded. If necessary, the outer edges must be processed with a router, making them rounded, so the design will look more aesthetically pleasing.

Above and below the stringers must be connected with a beam to each other. Why should you cut them a quarter from the top and bottom. Fastenings should be made to a thick beam, using If possible, stringers should be fixed to the walls, and anchors will also need to be used. When using a single bowstring, it should be cut in such a way that it acquires the desired length. After inside, you need to make a drink using a cutter, making holes that will become recesses for installing steps. The bowstring is fixed to the surface of the wall with anchors. The master must analyze how correctly the kosour and the bowstring are located on the other side, they must be on the same level, only in this way it will be possible to eliminate the slope of the steps.

Riser and step installation

Wooden stairs, the manufacture, installation of which you can do yourself, require a tight fixation of the stringers, as soon as these manipulations have been carried out, you can proceed with the installation of the riser. To do this, the beam must be sawn into the required number of risers of the required length. These elements should be leveled relative to each other, and then sanded. Fastening should be carried out to the stringer using self-tapping screws, installing them with front side. Holes after that can be puttied or hidden with decorative elements. Some experts use special glue for this. When the risers are installed, it will be possible to proceed to the steps. To do this, you need to cut the beam into the number of steps that you need. After that, the blanks are milled. Then these elements are installed on top of the risers and fixed with screws, which are sometimes replaced with self-tapping screws. If you will use the string on one side, the treads will need to be inserted into the groove that is cut into the string. The edge of the step will first need to be smeared, as well as the holes in the bowstring.

The manufacture and installation of wooden stairs can be done by any home craftsman, but you should be guided by technology. Balusters should be installed on the steps, and after fixed with a hairpin of 100 mm length, the thickness of the fastener should be 8 millimeters. From above, railings are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws. On this we can assume that the work is completed, it remains only to paint the stairs. This will preserve the wood, emphasizing its natural beauty. Quite often, experts use transparent varnish coatings. So the product will look more natural. If the interior requires the presence of appropriate items, then the staircase will harmoniously fit into the space.

The construction of the staircase structure in a private house is not only necessary, sometimes it is extremely necessary. multilevel, two-storey houses, attics, attics and porches in most cases require special access.

It can be done only with the help of an auxiliary ladder. Choosing wood as the starting material for construction, you will immediately kill two birds with one stone:

For most owners of cottages and their own land, the pricing policy of the product will be decisive. It should be noted right away that wood is not the cheapest of materials, it requires maintenance, which will constantly need cash infusions. A good solution would be to build the structure yourself. Thus, you will significantly save money on installation and design services.

Design choice

After deciding to independently engage in the production of stairs for personal use, you should choose a design that will be optimal for your purposes. It is worth determining the type of structure: screw or marching. For self-construction, it is better to use mid-flight structures, they are easy to install and do not require special knowledge of an engineering house, but if you need to save space in the room, you won’t be able to do without spiral staircases.

The marching staircase can be straight and rotary. Rotary or two-march structures will allow you to change direction and save a little space, but you need to do them as carefully as possible so as not to violate the technology that will be described below. Steps can be based on one or more methods. Usually, a bowstring or kosour made of wood or metal is used.

Winder steps are used in mid-flight, rotary structures; for a straight staircase, such a step design is not required.

A spiral staircase is a cause for concern only if you decide to make it yourself. Its main difference from the marching one is that you can create a unique structure, of any height on 1.5-2 m 2 area. The design is quite complicated in execution and installation. It is necessary to take into account the general building rules, which will be decisive in the convenience and safety of use.

Self built

To get started, you will need some essential tools. It cannot be said that it will be possible to cut out any structure with improvised means, but if you have dealt with wood processing, the equipment will definitely be in the tool box. For self-construction of stairs made of wood, you will need:

Boards and timber;
Electric jigsaw or wood saw;
Construction corner and tape measure;
Level;
Chisel and hammer;
Sandpaper and grinder of any type;
Drill and perforator with nozzles;
Anchors, mounting angles and other consumables.

Construction and details

The appearance of even stairs of the same design may differ. The obligatory presence of columns, balusters and railings can significantly transform your brainchild.

The use of risers is not always appropriate, although they will fit the stairs quite noblely into the overall interior of the building. Small carved details can become both an additional security system and just a decorative element.

In order to pre-determine appearance and the complexity of the design, it is necessary to sketch out a drawing by hand, which will be important when next steps. In the drawings, it is imperative to draw all the elements and details of the structure .

The height, width of the stairs and steps, the features of the feet and the height of the step are taken into account.

Elementary calculations can be made using information from open access on the Internet.

Simple mathematical formulas will greatly facilitate the task in designing. Designs with the same and clear drawings are much easier to perform and assemble.

step by step

It's time to consider the step-by-step installation steps, as promised earlier. Accurate fulfillment of the requirements is, first of all, the safety of a person during ascent and descent, therefore, in no case should you miss even the smallest details. . Consider step by step actions in the installation of the simplest design: a straight marching staircase.

Railing installation may vary. In some cases, the distance to the wall allows installation directly to it or to fasten the structure to the staircase itself. Similar supports can also be independently made from wood or metal. It would be useful to buy ready-made railings with beautiful balusters and handrails. If the space and design of the stairs allows, you can install two pillars at the beginning and end of the flight of stairs, on which the handrail will be fixed, but in such cases the handrail will rarely be able to perform decorative functions.

If the scenery is no less important to you, take on the manufacture of beautiful carved balusters. You can come up with a design yourself or buy already ready product. Their installation will be carried out on a horizontal or vertical plane. You can use both steps and balusters for fixing, but this must be taken into account in advance so as not to harm the installation of the entire structure.

If the staircase is not installed indoors, but outdoors, you can independently erect two concrete slabs, to which the handrail will be attached. There are a lot of options for installation and how to implement them, so you should not focus on one of the options, it is better to consider everything in advance possible options and choose the one suitable for the interior and exterior of the building.

Photo and video installation of spiral staircases

For general education, before starting to plan, you may need a short photo or video editing tutorial.

Having received at least the basic concepts of how the workpiece is made and the connection of the material, it will be much easier for you to draw a picture in your head, which is very important. A craftsman who knows what the finished product looks like can do a job much better and faster than a person who has no idea about the upcoming lessons.

Information is especially important for those who decide to build a spiral staircase. The usual description for this is not enough, you need to consider the options on a specific example, with a description of all the preparatory and installation work. Video tutorials on carpentry here will have a special impact on a person and, you see, a self-created design will pleasantly please the eye spiral staircase, and no one will be interested in where you drew the information from.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands - video, how to build steps from wood to the house, to the second floor, building a spiral staircase - installation photo, how to make a railing, assemble your staircase - design and details

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Without an attached ladder it is difficult on the farm: neither to remove fruits, nor to climb onto the roof. In this master class, we will tell you in detail how to make a wooden staircase for household needs in just a few hours using a simple tool: solid, reliable and with a fairly aesthetic appearance.

For such a ladder, you will need two beams 60x40 mm, which will go to two bowstrings. Choose the length for yourself, in this case it is 3.6 m. A smaller beam will go to the crossbars - 50x35 mm. To determine the number of steps, divide the length of the ladder into sections equal to the height from the floor to the foot when the leg is bent at the knee. In the above version, these are 11 steps every 30 cm.

To work, you will need a hacksaw, a hammer, a mount, a small hatchet - preferably a carpenter's, with a butt in the form of a hammer. From power tools - a drill, a belt grinder, a planer and a jigsaw (instead of a hacksaw). Nails can be used as the main fastener, but self-tapping screws will be more reliable. Black hardened ones are not suitable, they can burst under load, so buy ordinary steel with an anodized finish and a flush head.

To make the ladder more durable, and the upper edge of the step is horizontal when tilted, notches must be made on the short side of the bowstring. First, mark the marks along the length of the bar at the places where the steps are installed, step back from them the width of the crossbars - 50 mm, and apply a second mark, drawing the edges of the notches under the square. Transfer the marks to the side faces on both sides, mark the depth of the notch on the bottom - 15-20 mm, and make a cut to this depth. Connect the labels with a slash.

Set the hatchet with the tip on the top mark and, tapping on the butt with a hammer, chop off the wood.

Using the ax as a planer, trim the resulting notch bevel.

Make notches on both bowstrings to speed up the process - knock them together with nails.

The bars on the bowstrings need to be slightly lightened by processing the edges with a grinder.

Pay special attention to the notches, carefully sand the bevel.

Paint the inside of the notches and set them aside for a while.

For further work with the steps, you will need to make one end base. Draw marks on one of the ends for a square.

Saw off uneven edges and grind the end with a grinder, for beauty, you can remove a small chamfer. Similarly to bowstrings, lighten the wood a little and make the surface smooth.

Now you need to make the top and bottom crossbars. In order to visually quickly distinguish the top and bottom of the stairs, they are made with a slight narrowing, so the top rung is slightly shorter than the bottom. Choose the width of the stairs that is convenient, in the above version it is 65 cm at the bottom and 55 cm at the top. Mark the length using a tape measure.

And draw a cut line under the square.

Cut off the excess bar.

And grind the ends with a grinder.

Draw a line under the square, stepping back from each edge by half the thickness of the bowstring - 20 mm. Mark the center of this line, you will get this markup:

Drill a through hole in the crosshair so that the thread of the self-tapping screw can freely pass through it.

Make a small countersink with a larger drill.

Set the top and bottom rungs into the notches and level the ladder so that the ends of the rungs are flush with the side edges of the bowstrings.

Measure the diameter of the thread rod and select a drill bit 0.2-0.3 mm smaller. In this case, the diameter of the rod was 2.8 mm, so a 2.5 mm drill was installed in the drill.

Through the hole in the steps, mark the bevel of the notches, maintaining the position and direction of the drill. Then remove the crossbars and drill a hole 2/3 deep. It is necessary to drill holes for a self-tapping screw so that it does not split the tree, otherwise all the work will be in vain.

Paint the edges of the steps on the back side where they are adjacent to the bowstring. Then put the steps back in place and tighten the screws.

Now the staircase has the desired dimensions, it remains only to fasten the missing steps. Lay the bars in the notches and set the base ends flush with the side edges of the bowstrings.

Mark on the crossbars the desired length along the opposite bowstring.

Prepare and install the steps as the first two: draw the cut lines under the square, cut off the excess and grind the ends with a grinder. Mark the edges for drilling and make holes with a countersink. Then tint the edges and set the steps in place, pre-drilling the bowstring with a small drill.

It's time for painting. There are no special secrets here, but if you want the paint not to clog the slots in the head, unscrew the screws 3-4 turns and tighten them after painting.

If after painting in some places the tree is translucent, you need to apply a second layer. Alkyd paint fully hardens in 30 hours, after which the ladder can be used.

Modern private country houses grow like mushrooms, or rather like pines or even sequoias. Not uncommon today country houses two or even three floors. And there are houses with an attic. Not to mention duplex apartments. In order to go upstairs you need stairs or an elevator. The latter, of course, is pampering, although there is a place to be. We will talk about how to make a wooden staircase on your own.

It can be assumed that this is not so difficult, but in reality such work has its own subtleties and requires knowledge of the matter. After all, not just any staircase is needed, but such a structure that will be beautiful, durable and so safe that it can be safely used for a long time.

Stairs for country house, cottages or cottages are often made of wood. Right choice durable wood is a guarantee that the ladder will stand for a long time. At the same time, the environmental component is of no small importance.

Types and types of staircase designs for a private house

The choice of stairs is often limited by the available space for its device, and of course the budget. But, it is better to be guided by the convenience of location and aesthetic preferences. Among the existing designs of wooden stairs, the most common are mid-flight and spiral.

Spiral stairs

The option is convenient when space is limited. Such a ladder can be placed on a heel of 1.5 meters. True, it can only be used to move up or down one person. It will no longer be possible to lift something large, for example, furniture.

In addition, it has a complex structure, and its construction requires more labor.

At the same time, many nuances have to be taken into account: to check the structure for strength, first of all, the load-bearing racks must be reliable.

The complexity of the design is due to the fact that the main details have to be calculated taking into account all the design features.

This job is best handled by experienced professionals. It is difficult to do it yourself without special skills and tools.

Marching stairs

Wooden stairs for the house can be single-flight, two-flight, three-flight and multi-flight (each of them is used in certain conditions, which depend on the number of storeys and area of the building).

Marching stairs are divided into straight and rotary according to their orientation. Can be placed along the wall or as self-construction in the middle of the room.

It is worth noting that the device of a straight staircase assumes the presence of sufficient free space, as it takes up a lot of space. In general, this type of construction is much simpler in terms of self-implementation compared to the screw version.

If the number of steps is more than 10, it is recommended to divide the staircase into two parts, connecting them together with an intermediate platform. If necessary and save space (this depends on the characteristics of the room), the staircase can go up from the intermediate platform with a turn, the so-called staircase with turning steps (trapezoidal steps, which are also called winders).

A staircase with a 90 degree turn is called a quarter-turn. The half turn ladder has a 180 degree turn angle.

When the rotation is 360 degrees, then this is already a variant of a circular or spiral staircase. Although, in principle, this is an ordinary marching staircase with winder steps and a turn of * degrees.

Combined stairs

Depending on the layout and project of the house, it is possible to install a combined ladder construction, which will consist of two or more types of stairs. For example, a mid-flight staircase on a certain span is complemented by a screw element supported by bowstrings or stringers. Of course, such a design is very complex and requires precise calculations.

Before choosing one or another design, you should sensibly evaluate your capabilities. It is better to let there be a simpler straight staircase, but reliable and quality materials than an intricate screw or combined one, for the construction of which there may not be enough funds or forces.

And of course, space is of decisive importance, so that later it does not turn out that the stairs will take away more than half of the house.

Start with measurements and calculations. Draw a drawing or order from specialists. You can even create a 3D model of the future staircase and visually see the location in your layout.

Interfloor wooden stairs - selection of components and load-bearing elements

It is possible that the staircase you are creating will be your first experience, then the best choice there will be a straight staircase. This option is easy to manufacture, its installation and installation is also not very complicated, and the result will meet all the basic requirements for strength, convenience and durability.

Making wooden stairs with your own hands is possible with the appropriate tools, quality lumber and experience.

Material for the construction of stairs:

Bars for steps, the thickness of which must be at least 40 mm.
Boards of approximately the same width and size provided by the project.
Beams for tread 30-40 mm.
Beams for risers not less than 30 mm.
Beam for stringers or bowstrings 50x250 mm.
Handrails, railings and balusters can be made independently, but it is better to buy ready-made ones.
Stainless steel screws are used for fastening.

The drawings show drawings of wooden stairs

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase installation:

As mentioned above, you first need to think over the design, calculate the number of steps and determine the dimensions of the stairs (width, length), you can download a finished drawing on the Internet or make a simple circuit on one's own.
A standard march can be built with the support of the steps on the bowstrings that run from its two sides. Another mounting option involves the support of the steps on the stringers, which are beams located at the bottom of the steps.
All steps are first connected to the bowstrings, then the structure is reinforced with supporting bars, which are placed under the stairs at an equal distance from each other. With a sufficiently high angle of inclination of the march, there is no need for bars, although it is still desirable to install them to guarantee safety.
The bottom and top of the string should be attached to the walls, floor or ceiling.