Gate and fence 

Staircase calculator in a private house. The program for the design of stairs to the second floor. Calculation of a straight staircase with an online calculator

No matter how the imagination builds appearance stairs, to calculate its design according to the required type and load is a task of a completely different class of complexity. All sorts of calculators and programs for designing stairs help well in this matter, and we will talk about them today.

PRO100 - simple visualization

Almost any staircase, no matter how complex it may be, can be represented as a collection of simpler steps, bowstrings, railings and risers - boards, in other words. Therefore, it will be most simple to draw up a staircase project for those craftsmen who have experience in furniture creation programs. The notorious PRO100 is well suited for these purposes: outline the design the simplest staircase you can use it in 30-40 minutes, even a beginner will not be difficult to get used to this program.

Of course, furniture programs work mainly with primitives - details in the form of a parallelepiped. It can be very difficult to display carved handrails and posts, specially shaped steps and other artistic delights. But if the goal is to determine general parameters, such as height, number and layout of steps, then the means of furniture and general-purpose programs for three-dimensional modeling will be more than enough.

Of course, not if you take on the independent drafting of a project, which will be brought to life by another master. Here it is necessary to pay attention to details and, in the end, the customer receives exactly what he was able to portray, but no more.

The main disadvantage of PRO100 (as, indeed, of most furniture "constructors") is the lack of any automation for working with stairs. There is no possibility, for example, to specify the dimensions of the span, the step and the height of the steps, so all the work is done from scratch. However, for most amateur projects, standard means of manipulating objects are quite enough: grouping, copying, moving, and others like them.

It should be agreed that the goal of designing a staircase can be either only a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe design and basic parameters, or a complex visualization with all the curls and carvings, the shape of turning and the details of fastening all elements into one beautiful one-piece product. In the latter case, you must have practical experience with stairs, otherwise the project may not be feasible in principle.

Online services for obtaining drawings

You should start your acquaintance with programs for designing stairs with all kinds of online services and calculators. Their capabilities are severely limited by the web platform: although there are ways to carry out detailed calculations and visualize the product in high quality "without leaving the Internet", the development of such software is too expensive and almost never justified.

And yet, such programs have one plus: they provide the user with the opportunity not to install additional software, but to carry out preliminary calculations on the go. One of the popular sites lesenka.com offers a schematic representation of a staircase - a plan and a section of steps - according to the set of parameters you entered. It is possible in just a couple of minutes to generate schemes of stairs, both simple single-span and spiral, and with platforms, and with winder steps.

Another popular site is lascalagrande.ru. Free input of parameters is not available here, but the parameterization form is quite “smart” and will itself offer valid options for the user to choose from. It is possible to choose one of six types of stairs (including multi-flight, rotary and with a complex shape of steps), as well as calculate railings and balustrades, resulting in a drawing with basic dimensions and an isometric sketch. The stairshop.ru website is almost a complete analogue of the previous one, but it has a rare opportunity for a three-dimensional overview of the designed stairs, although with a very primitive display quality.

Sites of this kind have a number of nice features. Most of them belong to companies professionally engaged in the manufacture and installation of stairs. Therefore, it is possible to familiarize yourself with the photo gallery finished products and roughly estimate the cost of the project.

Features of working in Staircon

Online design tools greatly limit the freedom of action when designing stairs with a unique design. If you need a more individual approach, you will either have to use CAD programs (Autodesk, SketchUp), or pay attention to specialized software.

The Staircon program is a very, very good option even for a one-time use. Despite the abundance of functions, this product is quite easy to master, even when using a non-Russian version. Almost each of the settings windows has a small preview, which clearly shows the nature of the changes being made, plus all customizable parameters are immediately applied to the main scene. All work is carried out by parameterizing either the staircase as a whole, or individual platforms and spans, or even each step separately.

There are three main views in the program: general plan, sketch and three-dimensional model. Moving sequentially from one to another, the user first sets up the parameters of the ladder pocket, then the overall configuration of the stairs, for which there are several dozen built-in templates. And finally, the work is completed by working out small details, such as fences or handrails, and choosing materials (including metal and glass).

As a result, the user receives design documentation, a list of parts and materials, or a render of a visual scene with quite acceptable quality.

Calculation of physical and mechanical parameters

Many are interested in the question: how to use programs to calculate the stairs according to the load. With a closer acquaintance with Staircon and similar tools, it turns out that the calculation of technical parameters for the load is already built into the bowels of the program, and it simply will not offer to use material sections and design of nodes that do not correspond to at least an average level of through load.

As with everything, individual calculations may be required here, especially when fixing steps to the wall on only one side, when working with suspended stairs or calculating concrete spans with a large dead weight.

Unfortunately, these calculations will have to be done manually: no matter how perfect the program is, you should not rely on standard algorithms. No design tool can take into account the bearing capacity of the walls, as well as the strength of individual materials for the execution of the staircase itself.

Should You Learn CAD and 3D Modeling?

If you do not have development experience in Autocad or 3ds Max, you should not pay attention to this class of programs only for designing stairs. The only exception is when you need to create a really high quality visualization or fit a staircase into the overall interior visualization plan, which is quite rare in amateur practice.

But if you are already familiar with programs for three-dimensional modeling and drawing production, familiarity with special software for stairs can turn into a waste of time. As we have already said, CAD programs do not know how to space steps at the same distance or automatically adjust the line of fences to changes in the configuration of the span.

However, in reality, such capabilities are needed when developing only very large projects. In other cases, you can use the standard snapping and grouping tools, or find the appropriate plugin for working with stairs.

The dream of any person to have their own apartment, and also better house. A building with several floors indicates that the owner has a decent income or is a jack of all trades. But it's not about whether any two- or three-story house needs a staircase. It’s good if, during installation, its specialists took into account all the nuances: the slope, height and width of the steps. Then the ladder will be equally convenient for climbing for both old people and children, and most importantly, it will also be safe. Let's find out how to calculate the steps for such a staircase.

Height and width of stairs

Steps of different height and width are a direct threat to humans. After all, going down them in the dark, you can stumble, twist your leg or miss the steps and fall. Therefore, before designing a staircase indoors, make a drawing and calculate how many steps you need, what height and width they will have (the plane for the foot).

Stair slope

Ideally, when the stairs have a slope of 24-38º. If the angle of inclination is more than 45º, then it is required to go down such a steep staircase with your back forward. However, it saves space in the room, for a flat one you will need more space.

Calculation of the number of steps

To calculate the number of steps, we need two values: h and l, where h is the height of the stairs, l is the length. It is very easy to measure these values: h is the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second, l is the projection of the stairs onto the floor of the first floor, in other words, the distance that the product will take on the first floor. Let's say that h = 2.4 m, and l = 3.6 m, and we need to calculate steps for a ladder of such parameters.

Knowing these measurements, you can choose the number and size of steps. It is comfortable if one step has a riser height of 16.5-23.5 centimeters, and a tread width (a) of 22.5-26 centimeters. Based on this, we calculate the number of steps (n). To do this, you need to divide the total height (h) by the height of the riser (h1), we have a comfortable h1 = 20 centimeters, we get:

n = h / h1 = 240 / 20 = 12 steps.

Therefore, the width (a) of the step tread will be equal to the projection flight of stairs per floor (l) divided by the number of steps (n):

a \u003d l / n \u003d 360 / 12 \u003d 30 centimeters, a little more than the above norm, which is not so important.

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

For the purchase of materials, we also need a size, namely the length of the stairs itself (c). Geometry will help us find this value: based on the theorems on right triangles, the square of the hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs (a, b):

c² = a² + b² = h² + l² = 2.4² + 3.6² = 5.76 + 12.96 = 18.72 m²;

Stair angle

Also, according to the rules of a right-angled triangle, we can easily calculate the slope angle of the stairs:

sin α \u003d h / c \u003d 2.4 / 4.33 ≈ 0.55;

α ≈ 34°, this is a good, comfortable slope.

Before proceeding with the manufacture of stairs, carefully recalculate, preferably several times, the results obtained. Carefully take measurements so that there are no mistakes and the flight of stairs turns out exactly as you drew. Thanks to a clear reduced diagram of the product on graph paper, you can find errors in the calculations. With the help of this figure, it will be much easier for you to calculate the number of steps and other parameters.

Stairs are special. engineering structures, which serve to move people between the levels of the room. And, since human safety directly depends on them, these systems require especially careful calculations in accordance with existing requirements and standards. We will talk about how to correctly calculate the number of steps in the structure and the distance between the stepped elements in an article containing detailed instructions calculations, a lot of high-quality photos and informative video.

The comfort and safety of the system depends on how correctly the calculations were made to determine its main dimensions.

Correct calculation is an important step in the construction of stairs

Walking up stairs requires a person to spend twice as much energy as when moving on a flat surface. That is why it is very important to make the design not only safe, but also comfortable and convenient for long-term operation. This goal can be achieved if the number of steps is calculated accurately and without errors.


 Before starting construction, make a sketch of the structure on paper and make basic calculations, guided by generally accepted GOSTs and requirements

During the large-scale production of stairs at specialized enterprises, their compliance with the established state standards and safety requirements is most carefully checked. Therefore, the calculations of these systems are carried out exclusively by qualified specialists with an engineering education.

If the structure is manufactured at a specialized enterprise, its calculation is performed by professional engineers and architects

But what if you decide to make a staircase for your home or cottage yourself? Is it possible or not to make a correct calculation of the steps of the stairs, to calculate their number and basic distances on their own? If you strictly follow the instructions below and existing GOSTs, then there is nothing impossible.


 Even such a magnificent staircase you can make with your own hands, if you apply maximum patience and effort to this.

Estimated characteristics of stairs

Before starting the computational work to determine the number of steps and their dimensions for a ladder structure, first we will deal with the definitions that we will need to apply.


 The photo clearly shows the main parameters that must be determined before proceeding with the manufacture of stairs

So, we need to calculate the following parameters:

  • step depth (tread);
  • tread height (riser);
  • step width;
  • thickness (in the presence of additional overhead elements);
  • the number of steps in the march.

Now let's take a closer look at how the calculation of the required values ​​\u200b\u200bis carried out.


 The total length of the stairs is dependent on such values ​​as the height of the room, the width of the step and the height of the riser

Step calculation

The calculation of the dimensions of the steps is carried out according to a special formula, according to which the safety and convenience of the design assumes the equality of the sum of the height of the riser multiplied by two and the depth of the tread with the average step of an adult.

The calculation of the staircase structure is a rather laborious task, so if difficulties arise, you can involve professionals to solve them.

For normal straight marches

It is known that the step length of a person moving horizontally is 60 - 65 centimeters.

We get the formula:

2A + B \u003d 60 cm (65 cm), where A is the segment between the steps, B is the depth of the tread.

For a comfortable location of the entire human foot on the steps of the stairs, it is necessary that its width (depth) be in the spectrum between 20 and 32 centimeters.


 Calculating the main parameters for ordinary straight marches is not difficult - it is enough to adhere to generally accepted standard values

However, when calculating the staircase structure for your home, you must also take into account the physiological characteristics of your family. For example, if there are children, elderly or disabled people in the house, then make the width of the tread wider and the height of the steps small for more comfortable movement.


 When calculating the size of the steps, use the special universal formula

Tip: do not narrow the steps, as this will make the stairs less safe for movement, and it will be difficult to descend them.

If, for some reason, you cannot make a sufficiently wide step, then tread overhanging the lower surface. However, keep in mind that according to the requirements of GOST, such an overhang should not exceed:

  • 3 cm - if the step is made of wood;
  • 5 cm - if the tread is made of reinforced concrete.

 When building stairs, you can always use ready-made drawings with all the necessary calculations.

All of the above applies to simple ladder systems. When designing a system with winder-type steps, it should be taken into account that the depth of the closest stepped part should not be less than 10 cm, and its overhang above the surface should not exceed 5 cm.


 Calculating the dimensions of treads for a conventional straight ladder system does not require special knowledge and even a beginner can do it.

For winder steps

To calculate the running products, you will have to work harder, but first you need to draw the future system on paper.


 A staircase with winder steps is a rather complex structure that requires preliminary accurate calculations.
When building a system with winder steps, special attention must be paid to calculating the size of the treads.

Calculation of the number of steps

After the necessary calculations have been made, indicate the values ​​\u200b\u200bfound on the finished drawing, and then, when manufacturing the stairs, clearly follow your calculations.


 If all calculations for determining the main dimensions of the stairs are performed correctly, then the finished system will be comfortable, convenient and functional.

Related videos

The video below will help you get more full information on our topic.

Where to buy a finished staircase

In the event that you do not have the proper building skills for the independent construction of a staircase system in your house, or simply do not have a lot of free time to carry out these works, take advantage of the offer of our Super Staircase online store and purchase a ready-made high-quality and stylish ladder for your home.


 Stylish and modern staircase model range"Elegant" will become a real decoration of your home, price finished construction only 50 390 rubles

When you can not do without a quality program for designing stairs in Russian. good options there are, but many of them are not Russified, and are inconvenient to use. Depending on the technical complexity of the project, professional engineering software and simple utilities are used for calculations.

Program interface for designing stairs

There is a whole set of tools for modeling spans and 3D images of stair structures. To choose the necessary software, you need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of various software products.

Professional engineers, as programs for designing stairs in Russian, use universal products. The most commonly used in design companies are: ArchiCad, AutoCad and Lira.

Beyond Modeling general design programs allow you to select the material necessary for construction, take into account its quantity, calculate the cost of work and prepare technical documentation. Since each staircase requires a personalized approach, general construction programs are ideal for designing any type of structure.


Stair design in ArchiCAD

They do equally well, and concrete marches. For the user, the software is not simple, it requires specific knowledge and skills.

Slightly easier to use SolidWorks. The program is designed to create designs industrial facilities. It allows you to design a 3D model of any level of complexity, issues design documentation. The software is equipped with animation, it projects the possibilities of movement, falling, and has different degrees of drawing. SolidWorks makes it easy to check the fit of stair parts.
If you are building stairs professionally, you should master the work with such tools. But for the sake of a one-time construction, it is hardly advisable to study complex engineering tools for weeks.


Stair Design in SolidWorks

Custom stair design software

Especially for calculations and modeling of private structures, tools have been created that are easy to use and at the output offer enough information for the production of work. Such programs for designing stairs in Russian are not too difficult to use. Anyone who is familiar with graphic editors can master the principles of work.

Read also

Drawings of stairs to the attic

Specialized design programs

Specialized software includes those programs that are designed specifically for the design of stairs:


The names of the various elements of the design of the stairs

StairCon

Program for the design of stairs, which allows you to quickly prepare a layout, draw up documentation to control the production of work and estimates. The finished flight of stairs can be viewed in 3D, edited at any time. To create a model, you need to set only a few parameters, the rest will be calculated automatically by the program. The tool allows you to upload the results to other programs, such as AutoCad, both in whole and in detail.

Compass Staircase

Compass Staircase or Compass is used to create detailed designs and non-standard flights of stairs with winders. It has a large library of parts, and the ability to combine them. The program allows you to prepare drawings in 1:1 scale. The speed of drawing a layout practically does not depend on its complexity.

"Stairs" for AutoCad

A specialized application for AutoCad offers 25 basic models. The collection reduces the time spent on custom projects. Contains corner models, spiral, curvilinear layouts and stairs with a straight flight.

Wagemeyer GmbH

A convenient and simple program for designing stairs, with a detailed study of the elements. Allows you to display an image for a 3D presentation. Provides a complete project cost estimate.


The software is designed for several types of stairs: steel, spiral, wooden. In addition, you can simulate options for installing railings and steps on existing structures made of any material: concrete, steel, wood, stone.
The size of the projected march is limited to three floors. When making mistakes associated with violation of building codes, the program highlights them. It is possible to print each part separately for its production.

SEMA

The program is used both for working with templates and with custom-made projects.


Optimizes the calculations of structures for lifting, span height. Calculations are made automatically on the basis of given a. Suitable for all types of stairs. The program is convenient for visualizing the layout in terms of a building project.

Of the custom products, SEMA is one of the most difficult to master. All of the above programs are well suited for those who make custom stairs, especially when using CNC machines.

Specialized and engineering software is licensed and is not distributed free of charge. The video shows the process of building a ladder in the SEMA program.

Staircase in most cases is a mandatory attribute country house. In addition, structures of this type can be used in duplex apartments or offices. Stairs today perform not only a practical function, they are also additional elements interior and bring zest to the overall design of the room.

Staircase options

According to certain design features, stairs can be represented by a marching, spiral or combined variation. Which of the above types of structures is most appropriate to use in a particular case will depend on the total area and features of the layout of the room.

Care must be taken to ensure that the installed structure meets all necessary ergonomic requirements.

marching stairs

Such execution of a ladder differs in reliability and extreme simplicity of production.

The design in this case will consist of one or more marches (this is the name of a rectilinear fragment with steps).

To maintain ergonomics, the number of steps in one march should not exceed sixteen pieces.

Spiral staircase

This design consists of a support rod, around which steps are arranged in a spiral.

The total area of ​​the classic variation spiral staircase does not exceed one square meter owing to what it can be installed even in small rooms. A feature of this staircase is the possibility of its location anywhere in the room.

Combined ladder

In this case, we are talking about an arched architectural structure.

The combined staircase combines elements of mid-flight and spiral structures. This allows you to implement design tasks of any level of complexity.

Before starting the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to take into account the features of the layout of the room. You should also take into account total area rooms. It may be necessary to create a project that will coordinate everything further actions during the installation work. On the initial stage the following points should be taken into account:

  • distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling;
  • features of the location of the walls;
  • features of the placement of doorways;
  • the total area of ​​the premises;
  • planning features.

The height of the individual steps of the stairs must be absolutely identical. It is recommended to avoid the formation of differences in these indicators. The width of the landing should be equivalent to the width of the march. The length of one rectilinear fragment with steps should be no more than 3 m. The minimum indicator in this case will be kept at 1.5 m.

The size of each individual step depends on the total number of these elements. The length of the span or section is also taken into account. The total width of the stairs is determined by the required level of its throughput. The minimum figure for one person will be 0.7 m.

The level of comfort during ascent and descent will depend on the height of the steps. Most often, this indicator varies in the range from 12 to 20 cm. The optimal depth of the steps is 28-30 cm. Subject to the implementation of an uneven step, these indicators should be calculated based on the total length and height of the structure.

How to determine the angle of inclination?

The angle of inclination should be such that a person can proportionally move forward while walking up the stairs. The formation of the final indicator will depend on the height and width of the steps.

In most cases, it is recommended to stop at a number that is in the interval from 23 to 37 degrees. At the same time, it should be noted that a very steep angle of inclination can somewhat complicate the procedure for lifting and transporting heavy objects up the stairs.

Important! The greater the angle of inclination of the stairs, the less space may be required for its placement. However, a too steep angle significantly complicates the procedure for climbing to the second floor.

If the angle of inclination is less than twenty-three degrees, then you can resort to installing a ramp. Such a flat design will facilitate the descent and ascent. It should also be noted here that the stairs, the angle of which is more than forty degrees, can become an insurmountable obstacle for users.

Handrail and railing options

When carrying out the appropriate calculations before installing the stairs on the second floor, the parameters of the railings and some of the railings of the structure should be taken into account. In particular, the following points need to be determined:

  • baluster height;
  • handrail length;
  • the height of the support posts;
  • railing width.

The optimal width of the railing will be equivalent to 100 mm. This indicator will contribute to the comfortable operation of the stairs by an adult. Railings are most often located at a height of 900 mm. Based on this, it is easy to conclude that the height of the baluster will be approximately 800 mm. In this case, you should pay attention to the way the baluster is installed. If this element is mounted in grooves, then its length should be slightly larger. The final indicator is formed taking into account the depth of the groove.

As for determining the height of the support posts, here you should also pay attention to the installation features. If the support used is installed on the steps, then its length will be identical to the height of the baluster. Provided that the rack is installed on the floor, then the height of the placed support should be added to the standard height.

The length of the railing must be equivalent to the length of the flight of stairs. The total length of this element can fully correspond to the dimensions of the stairs or be slightly larger. The increase in indicators tends to increase if the handrail goes beyond the steps.

The ladder structure can be prefabricated or monolithic. The first variation of the structure is not very popular, since the installation work in this case will be associated with certain difficulties. In addition, all relevant work must be carried out at the construction site.

Prefabricated stairs made of large-sized elements are in great demand. The installation procedure of the entire structure is not associated with special difficulties. This variation of stairs can be used not only in private country house but also in public buildings. Additionally, marches of structures of this type can be reinforced with frames.

Marches with solid steps are presented in the form of a panel, which is significantly reinforced on the sides due to the use of special stiffening ribs. The upper plane of such a panel is distinguished by a stepped structure.