Insulation of the concrete floor from below. How to insulate a concrete floor: a description of all possible ways. Insulation of the concrete floor on the crate

08.03.2020

concrete pavement, especially cold in winter time years, so it must be insulated. You can’t do without a warm surface if there are small children in the family. Insulation of the concrete floor in a private house is desirable to perform at the construction stage, then it will save heat and improve the microclimate in the rooms. Also, the insulated coating will save on heating and additional heating devices.

Types of heaters

To insulate the concrete floor in a private house, materials with a heat-insulating property are used. Today, there are three types of insulation:

spraying of polymeric heaters (penoizol, polyurethane foam);
fibrous materials (glass wool, mineral wool);
foamed molded insulation (polystyrene, polystyrene).

These materials have the same effect, but differ in mounting technology.

fibrous

When used on, soundproofing and thermal insulation of rooms are provided. The material is resistant to burning, but does not like moisture. When in contact with a liquid, it shrinks in size and increases the heat transfer process. Fibrous insulation materials are not recommended for use in rooms with high humidity, where there are leaks.

Technology

Installation of the concrete surface of the house consists of the following steps:

A concrete base is being prepared: irregularities, cracks are covered, stains are removed. From above, the floors are covered with a film, and the joints are glued with adhesive tape.
Next, lags are installed, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the insulating layer.
A membrane film with a waterproofing property is laid on top of the insulated floors, which is able to remove steam from the insulating layer and prevent water from flowing out.
Next, plywood sheets one centimeter thick are laid and the insulation is fixed with self-tapping screws. Top, linoleum or other finish.

Foam molded materials

Warming of private houses is possible with polystyrene foam or polystyrene. These insulating layers are resistant to moisture and due to this property they are used in the insulation of a bathroom, kitchen or other room with high humidity.

Technology

When insulating work with a concrete floor, it is important to ensure a clean surface, therefore, before starting work, dust and debris are removed from the coating. They cover up possible cracks and remove bulges on the surface. To give the concrete floor evenness of the coating, the floor is covered with a thin layer of sand. After surface preparation, insulating plates are installed, mounting elements in special grooves. This design of the plates facilitates the laying of the product and prevents the formation of gaps.

Laying of plates is done along the perimeter of the working surface. A plastic film is laid on concrete floors, which is fixed on top of the insulation. The use of a film prevents the leakage of concrete mortar and the formation of voids and cracks. Next, install the reinforcement and proceed to pouring the concrete solution. After laying the mortar, the poured surface is leveled and left to dry, while providing the necessary conditions. A top coat is laid on a hardened concrete screed.

Polymer heaters

Use insulated polymer material in rooms with high humidity. The polymeric material is a protective layer that is resistant to decay and the occurrence of fungi. The disadvantages of polymer insulation include: fire hazard and toxicity in products manufactured without observing sanitary standards.

Technology

Works on concrete floor insulation with polymeric materials are impossible without professionals. The insulation layer is applied in the form of foam, which then increases in size, which excludes seams during thermal insulation. Polymeric heaters are applied using a dedicated device in which carbon dioxide and a polymeric liquid are combined under pressure.

Before applying the insulating polymer layer, the surface is cleaned of dust and debris, which can reduce adhesion to the material. Next, the lags are fixed and fixed with self-tapping screws. Moisten the surface, due to which the adhesion will increase, and proceed to the spraying of the insulating composition.

Polymers are applied using special installations. The foam is sprayed between the joists where it expands after application. They wait for the foam to harden, which occurs during the day, and proceed to install the log and lay the topcoat.

It is important to remember that polyurethane foam is exposed to direct sunlight, therefore, if necessary, leave it for several days in the open sun, the material is covered with a film.

Other

Due to its characteristics, foam is widely used for surface insulation.

There are other insulation materials, such as:

Styrofoam. It has low cost, thermal insulation and resistance to moisture penetration. The use of this insulation is popular in the world of construction, however, when using it, do not forget that the foam has a fragile structure.
Mineral wool. This insulating material is able to perfectly retain heat and create sound insulation in rooms. Of the advantages of mineral wool, its fire resistance, chemical resistance to aggressive substances and fungi, as well as vapor permeability, durability and ease of installation are distinguished. Mineral wool is an environmentally friendly product that does not harm human health. Of the shortcomings, high moisture absorption and lack of rigidity are distinguished.
Extruded polystyrene foam. It has high thermal insulation and resistance to moisture. Expanded polystyrene is an improved polystyrene, the cost of which is higher, but the strength is greater, which allows you to work with this material without any problems and with your own hands.
Foam glass. The service life of this material reaches one hundred years, it does not lend itself to corrosion and temperature extremes. It does not give in to deformations under mechanical influence and is not subject to the appearance of mold, fungus and microorganisms. Foam glass has high strength and does not require additional fastening during installation. The material is resistant to fire and moisture and has sound insulation. Among the shortcomings of foam glass, they distinguish: high cost, fragility, the inability to pass steam and the heavy weight of the blocks.
Polyurethane foam. It has high adhesion with various building materials, manufactured at the installation site, which significantly reduces transportation costs and responds to changes temperature regime. The material is lightweight and monolithic, which reduces the formation of joints and seams. However, the use of polyurethane foam is impossible without protection, as it can wear out under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The protective layer is paint, plaster or panels.
Expanded clay. It has a low thermal conductivity, and is used in concrete mortar instead of gravel. Due to the high porosity, it requires insulation against moisture penetration. The advantages of insulated expanded clay include: low cost, ease of installation, which allows you to install it yourself, provides high sound insulation and resistance to sudden temperature changes. The material is highly environmentally friendly, does not emit harmful toxins and is safe for human health. Among the shortcomings are: the fragility of expanded clay, increased accuracy of installation and a large thickness of the heat-insulating layer.

Owners of apartments located on the first floors high-rise buildings, as well as private houses, are faced with a problem that brings them considerable inconvenience. This is low temperature floor surfaces, which adversely affects their durability and creates discomfort for the inhabitants of the premises. To eliminate the problem in the process of construction, reconstruction or repair, floor insulation is performed. The modern market offers different kinds thermal insulation materials. The methods of high-quality insulation of concrete and wooden floors depend on their choice.

Attention, cold floor!

Some overly thrifty owners do not attach due importance to the problem of low floor temperature in the apartment. Wanting to save on the cost of materials and work, they arbitrarily exclude from technological process laying an insulating layer. The consequences of such an imprudent decision affect the cold season:

the floor covering is covered with condensate;
in a humid environment, pathogenic organisms develop - mold and fungus;
the microclimate of the room is disturbed - the humidity rises, the temperature drops;
heating costs increase;
floor life is reduced.

To make living indoors comfortable and safe, it is worth adhering to the work technologies developed by the builders. Only a properly built and well-equipped house with warm floors- a real fortress. Modern materials allow us to solve this problem quickly and without loss of quality.

7 main types of insulation materials

To maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house or apartment on the ground floor at the very cold winter, it is worth choosing for floor insulation best material. At the same time, it must be remembered that even an ideal insulation in inappropriate conditions does not perform the required functions. In order to choose a heat-insulating material that meets specific requirements, you should familiarize yourself with the main characteristics of its various types before purchasing.

Basalt or mineral wool. A budget option, due to the low price, it is extremely popular in the construction of private houses and do-it-yourself thermal insulation. Attractive due to ease of installation, low thermal conductivity, good sound-absorbing properties. High porosity contributes to good vapor exchange, which is necessary to create comfortable living conditions. It does not work well at high humidity, once soaked with water, it loses its thermal insulation properties. When laying, be sure to use protective equipment. The contact of the smallest glass particles on open areas of the body and on the mucous membranes causes prolonged itching and redness.
Styrofoam. Another inexpensive and popular insulation, characterized by excellent heat-insulating properties, low weight. In the absence of point mechanical loads and exposure to the surface of aggressive chemicals, it is durable and reliable. Afraid of direct sunlight, when burned, it releases harmful substances. If there are rodents in the house, there is a high probability of complete destruction of the foam layer, even protected by a screed.
Extruded polystyrene- improved foam. The developers retained the useful properties of the old material in the new material and enriched it with additional advantages, in particular, a rather high strength compared to polystyrene. The flame retardants included in the composition of polystyrene provide low flammability. The material works well even in an aggressive chemical environment, while it does not pose a danger to human health. All its components are absolutely harmless.
polyurethane foam. Extremely convenient way applying insulation gained him immense popularity. You just need to evenly spray the polyurethane foam over the surface with a special gun - and you can start making the screed. Pros - low thermal conductivity and water permeability, long service life. The most advertised property - high adhesion with any surfaces, is rather controversial. The material adheres really well to porous concrete, but does not adhere at all to polyethylene or galvanized metal.
Expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite. These natural materials(clay, volcanic rocks, hydromica) processed in a special way, environmentally friendly and safe. However, they are distinguished by high water absorption, and in terms of thermal insulation properties they are significantly inferior to artificial heaters. To ensure the same mineral wool thermal conductivity will require a 3 times larger layer of expanded clay. Accordingly, high weight increases the load on the base. Therefore, the material is more often used to insulate a concrete floor, which is arranged on an earthen or sandy underlying layer, you can read more about it.
Foam glass. It is an ordinary glass, foamed at the factory and formed into blocks. Excellent insulation, environmentally friendly and harmless. Not afraid of rodents, exposure to moisture, resistant to temperature extremes, the effects of acids. Does not form pathogenic microorganisms, differs in absolute incombustibility. Disadvantages: high cost, collapses under the influence of point impacts, melts when alkalis enter.
Cork. Crushed cork oak bark pressed into slabs is an ideal insulation, the only drawback of which is its high price. The rest of the material has a mass useful properties: low thermal conductivity, high strength, environmental friendliness, incombustibility, biological stability, low weight, good dielectric properties. Insulating a concrete floor with a cork is a great way to do the work yourself, accessible even to an amateur.

Installation of warm concrete floors

To insulate a concrete floor during the repair or construction process, you will first need to prepare a high-quality base, leveled and protected by waterproofing. The old concrete slab is repaired, all the irregularities are filled with lean concrete. The entire surface of the base is covered with waterproofing material. To prevent the penetration of moisture into the butt joints, they are glued with adhesive tape. On top of the waterproofing, a heater selected in accordance with the operating conditions and the material capabilities of the owner of the apartment is laid.

If for the insulation of the concrete floor are selected extruded polystyrene boards, they are placed side by side. Other materials are laid close to each other, the joints are glued to avoid the formation of cold bridges. A layer of waterproofing is again laid on the insulation, the resulting cake is protected from deformation by a reinforcing mesh. The next step is the device of the rough screed. The insulation is poured with a concrete mixture, compacted, leveled and left to set strength for 28 days.

Laying underfloor heating cable mats under the screed

Another option for insulating a concrete floor is laying cable mats on a base protected from moisture. The technology for installing electric underfloor heating provides for a screed with a thickness of about 3 cm. Cable mats are not recommended to be laid in places where heavy furniture or plumbing equipment is installed. A floor covering is laid on the finished screed - linoleum, laminate, carpet,. In rooms with high humidity lay ceramic tiles.

Insulation of a concrete screed under a wooden coating

If the project provides wood flooring on logs fixed on a monolithic base, it is necessary to perform heat and waterproofing of the screed. The technique that allows you to insulate a concrete floor with lags is not very complicated and is available for do-it-yourself work. The leveled base is divided into separate sections, the width of which is equal to the width of the insulation. Use as separator wooden blocks- lags. They are fixed to the concrete surface with self-tapping screws.

In case of improper arrangement or even a complete lack of thermal insulation of the concrete floor, enough a large number of heat, which will lead to a significant increase in the cost of heating the room. To life in the house with concrete floors was as comfortable as possible, the owner needs, first of all, to choose a heater with suitable characteristics, and then perform the necessary measures for its installation, adhering to the provisions of the appropriate technology.

Next, you are invited to familiarize yourself with the key characteristics of heaters that have highest value for the end user, and step by step instructions for the arrangement of the most common types of heat-insulating materials: fibrous, foamed and sprayed.

When choosing a concrete floor insulation, first of all pay attention to the evaluation criteria given in the following table.

Table. Properties of heaters

Evaluation criterion	Explanations
Density	Directly related to such an indicator as mass thermal insulation material. Along with this, the lower the density of the insulation, the more porous it is and the less heat such material can retain in the room.
Strength	Determined for compression and bending. It is important that the insulation for the concrete floor has high strength characteristics, because. the level of loads on the base is unlikely to be low.
Coefficient of thermal conductivity	Indicates the amount of heat that a particular thermal insulation material can pass through. Give preference to heaters with the lowest possible thermal conductivity.
Moisture resistance	Choose a material with the highest possible moisture resistance. Otherwise, the insulation will quickly lose its original operational and technical characteristics and will not be of much use.
moisture permeability	The lower this figure, the better. Materials with high moisture permeability get wet quite quickly, as a result of which their thermal insulation characteristics deteriorate significantly.
Durability	The longer the material lasts, the less often you will have to repair and replace the heat-insulating layer, and the less money you will spend on maintaining the premises.
Environmental friendliness	The higher this indicator, the safer the material for human health and the environment.

Important information about concrete floor insulation technology

Before you begin, familiarize yourself with the basic information about the technology for performing upcoming events and study the properties of the most popular and preferred thermal insulation materials.

Insulation of a concrete floor involves the creation of a multi-layer structure. The work is carried out in several stages: the first is carried out before pouring the rough screed, the second - in the process of arranging the main part of the concrete structure, the third - before laying the material chosen as the finishing floor covering.

Practice shows that it is better to adhere to just such a technology, and not to try to reduce heat loss after the arrangement of the concrete structure. The second option, of course, is also quite actively used, but its effectiveness is significantly inferior to the first method.

Floor insulation materials

There are several main groups of materials used for insulation. concrete structures. You are invited to familiarize yourself with the key properties of each option in the following table.

Table. Properties of thermal insulation materials

Material group	Properties
Fibrous insulation	They are mainly made on the basis of mineral wool. They are characterized by high sound and heat insulation properties. They do not burn, but they do not tolerate contact with water. If wet, the material increases in volume and loses its original thermal insulation characteristics. The use of fibrous insulation is strictly contraindicated for rooms in which leakage is likely. In other rooms, such thermal insulation is subject to mandatory moisture protection on both sides.
Foam insulation	A typical representative is polystyrene. The material burns, has a relatively low strength and is sold at a relatively affordable cost. If the cost of insulation is a decisive factor, foam plastic can be preferred, however, in this case, it will be necessary to lay on top of the insulation drywall sheets, chipboard or sheet plywood to ensure effective distribution of point loads and maintain the integrity of the thermal insulation. An improved analogue of polystyrene is extruded polystyrene foam. This material does not burn. In addition, extruded polystyrene foam has a higher strength, which allows you to pour a concrete screed over it.
Sprayed heaters	Such materials are not particularly demanding on the cleanliness and evenness of the base. The main thing is that there are no greasy and other similar spots and large differences in height, otherwise the consumption of the sprayed insulator will increase. After applying such a heat-insulating material, a seamless, seamless coating with very high heat-insulating performance is formed on the surface. The only drawback is that when arranging many sprayed heaters, it becomes necessary to use special expensive equipment for application. In addition, the performer must have the skills to work with this kind of installations. Otherwise, it is not necessary to count on high quality thermal insulation.

Concrete floor insulation instructions

We use fibrous materials

When choosing the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to focus mainly on the manufacturer's recommendations given in the accompanying instructions. In practice, a 50-100-mm layer of insulation is usually sufficient. In regions with a cold climate, this figure can be increased.

First step. Foundation preparation is in progress. It is necessary to repair all detected cracks (it will help cement mortar or other suitable composition), traces of fat and other substances (removed with solvents or special detergents). The surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust.

Second step. The base is covered with a layer of waterproofing film, and even better - modern material, combining the properties of vapor and waterproofing, for example, isospan. When laying sheets of film, a traditional 10-15 cm overlap is maintained. In the future, the joints are glued with metallized adhesive tape.

Third step. Lags are installed. The height of these elements must correspond to the thickness of the heat-insulating layer to be installed. Also choose the installation step in accordance with the dimensions of the insulation - it should fit into the openings tightly and without gaps. To fix the lag, dowels, self-tapping screws or other suitable fasteners are used.

Fourth step. The insulation is placed in the space between the lags and covered with a special waterproofing membrane film with vapor-permeable properties. Such material has a rough and smooth side. The rough side of the film should be laid to the thermal insulation, the smooth side away from it. Thanks to this material, steam will be removed from the heat-insulating layer, which will eliminate the risk of dampness of the mineral wool and additionally ensure its protection from water.

Fifth step. On top of the resulting structure, perpendicular to the lags, sheet plywood or a tongue-and-groove board is laid. The flooring elements are attached to the joists with self-tapping screws. After that, from above, you can equip the selected finishing by performing the necessary previous steps, if required by the installation technology of a particular material.

We use foam materials

Most often, polystyrene / polystyrene irol is laid with the subsequent pouring of a concrete screed. The mentioned materials are characterized by good waterproof properties, which allows them to be used in kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms with a high level of humidity.

Indicator	Polyspen	Polispen Standard	Polyspen 45	Control method
Density, kg/m3	30-38	30-38	38,1-45	by 5.6
Bending strength, MPa, not less than	0,4	0,4	0,4	by 5.8
Water absorption in 24 hours, % by volume, no more	0,4	0,4	0,4	by 5.9
Thermal conductivity at 25+-5 degrees Celsius, W/m * °C, no more	0,028	0,028	0,030	by 5.10
Toxicity, Hcl 50, g/m3	T2 moderately hazardous	T2 moderately hazardous	T2 moderately hazardous	by 5.11
Flammability group	G-3 normal combustible	G-4 highly flammable	G-4 highly flammable	by 5.12
Flammability group	B-2 moderately flammable	B-3 flammable	B-3 flammable	by 5.13
Smoke generation coefficient		High smoke generating capacity	High smoke generating capacity	by 5.14
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation, MPa, not less than	0,2	0,2	0,3	by 5.7

The preparatory stage is similar to the previous instruction. After the necessary preliminary activities have been completed, the main stage of work begins, which is carried out in the following sequence:

plates of heat-insulating material are laid on the surface. If you bought polystyrene / polystyrene irol, designed specifically for thermal insulation work, the elements will most likely be equipped with special grooves. Thanks to these devices, the work will be carried out easier and better, without the appearance of gaps;
the lower part of the walls around the entire perimeter of the room is covered with a damper tape made on the basis of foam material. Thanks to this tape, thermal deformations of the screed will be compensated, which will preserve the integrity and performance properties of the structure. If there is a layer of adhesive at the bottom of the tape, fixation is performed with it. In the absence of such, the material is fastened with dowel-nails;
the insulation is covered with a dense polyethylene film. The strips are traditionally laid with a 10-15 cm overlap, followed by gluing the joints with adhesive tape. The film will eliminate the failure of the poured screed between the plates, which will prevent the formation of voids and cracks;
a reinforcing frame made of steel or PVC is laid, a screed solution is poured, leveled over the base and left to gain strength. Traditional concrete screeds dry for about a month. During the hardening period, it is recommended to cover the concrete with a layer of polyethylene, and regularly moisten the screed with water to prevent cracking. In conclusion, it remains only to lay the selected finish on top of the dried screed.

The considered thermal insulation system can be used in combination with a water floor heating system. The heating circuit in this case will be laid on top of the reinforcing mesh.

We use spray materials

As noted, the application of sprayed thermal insulation materials requires appropriate skills, and, in the case of most used heaters in this category, special equipment.

The surface is covered with a heat-insulating material, in most cases in the form of foam. In the process of drying, the material expands, resulting in a seamless insulating layer. To apply foam, a special apparatus is used, designed to mix carbon dioxide and polymer liquid under conditions of high pressure.

Direct work on the arrangement of the sprayed thermal insulation of the concrete floor is carried out in the following sequence.

First step. Remove dust and debris from the surface. The floor is cleaned of all kinds of stains, traces of bitumen and other similar things - because of them, the structure of the foam will be broken. Preliminary leveling of the base, if there are no large bulges and depressions, is not necessary.

Second step. Attached to the base wooden logs. For their manufacture, you can use a 4-centimeter board or timber. The elements are fixed in a standard way, using self-tapping screws, dowels and corners. Logs are set according to the level. They will allow you to control the level of arrangement of the heat-insulating layer and facilitate the process of further installation of the finishing floor covering.

Third step. The concrete base is wet. This will improve the adhesion of the foam to the base.

Fourth step. With the help of a special installation, polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the surface. The task of the performer is reduced to uniform filling of the space between the previously installed lags. It is important to remember that in the process of solidification, the foam increases in size.

Standardly sprayed heat-insulating materials dry for about a day. After the polyurethane foam has dried, drywall sheets are laid on top of the log, wooden plank or sheet plywood, and then the selected finish is arranged.

Important! Polyurethane foam does not tolerate direct contact with sunlight. The material is categorically not recommended to be left uncoated for a long time.

You have familiarized yourself with the procedure for insulating a concrete floor in accordance with the most popular and preferred methods. Of course, there are other technologies, for example, dry filling with expanded clay, but the effectiveness of such methods is in many ways inferior to those studied above. Otherwise, the choice of a specific thermal insulation option is up to you. Focus on the features of the location and operation of the building, the affordable budget and your personal preferences. You have already familiarized yourself with all the necessary information for the successful implementation of thermal insulation measures.

Successful work!

Video - Concrete floor insulation

Insulation of the concrete floor in a private house allows you to save heat, improve the microclimate in the house, and also save on heating. It is known that a concrete slab with a large difference in temperature from the outside and inside on the "cold" surface forms condensate, which contributes to an increase in humidity in the basement and on the first floor. Warming solves this problem.

Almost any modern heat-insulating materials can be used to insulate a concrete floor, but there are currently three main methods of insulation:

with the help of fibrous heaters - mineral, basalt or fiberglass wool;
using foam molded materials - foam boards, polystyrene;
by spraying polymeric heaters - polyurethane foam, penoizol.

All these heaters are quite effective, and depending on the type of insulation, the technology of their installation differs.

When choosing a heater, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the materials. Fibrous insulation has good heat and sound insulation, does not support combustion, but is afraid of water. When wet, it sharply decreases in volume and loses its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, it is not recommended to use it in wet rooms where leaks are possible, and in other rooms it must be waterproofed on both sides.

Styrofoam is combustible, mechanically not strong, although it has a low price. If floors need to be insulated minimal cost, you can choose a foam plate as a heater, but it must be covered from above with a material that redistributes point loads - plywood, chipboard or drywall. An analogue of polystyrene - extruded polystyrene foam - does not support combustion, since its bubbles are filled not with air, but with carbon dioxide. It has increased strength, so it can be used to insulate a concrete floor directly under a concrete screed.

Modern and very effective method sprayed thermal insulation is different in that it does not require leveling and surface preparation, it forms a seamless coating, its heat-insulating properties are very high. At the same time, the application of sprayed insulation requires the call of specialists with a spraying installation.

Insulation of the concrete floor with fibrous materials

When insulating a concrete floor with mineral wool, one should remember its features and observe the sequence of layers. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by the characteristics of the material. This information is usually provided by the manufacturer. Usually a 5-10 cm layer of mineral insulation is sufficient.

Insulation of the concrete floor with polystyrene

Insulation with polystyrene or polystyrene is usually used under a concrete screed. These materials are waterproof, so they can be used in the bathroom, kitchen and other wet areas.

The technology of floor insulation with polystyrene is used when making warm water floors. In this case, the heating circuit is laid on a reinforcing mesh, after which it is poured with concrete.

A highly effective method that requires the participation of professionals. The insulation is applied to the floor in the form of a foam with a closed cell structure, and after application it expands in size, forming a seamless layer of thermal insulation. Foam application is carried out using a special installation in which a polymer liquid and carbon dioxide are mixed under pressure.

There are other ways to insulate the floor, less effective. For example, the implementation of a dry expanded clay screed also allows you to create an insulating layer. Herself concrete screed when polymer or cellulose fillers are added to the solution, it acquires heat-insulating properties. When choosing a method of insulating a concrete floor in a private house, all factors must be taken into account, including the method.

Insulation is placed under the floor screed in two cases - on floor slabs or floors on the ground. Depending on the operating conditions (basement, attic or interfloor overlap), flooring and maximum acceptable level lifting the final floor of the construction pie and the arrangement of individual layers in it will change.

The floor is insulated under the screed in several cases:

In addition, the insulation is laid under the contours of the warm floor on any floor, if it is decided not to use the massive floor as a heat accumulator. Therefore, all options will be considered in detail.

There are three types of screeds, which also affects the choice of insulation. For example, expanded clay sand is used, which has both heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties. For wet and the same heaters and principles of hydro-, sound- and vapor barrier are used.

Floor slab

When laying factory-made slabs or pouring them in place, it is impossible to provide a vapor barrier for this structure from moist air from below. Therefore, a vapor barrier layer is applied over the ceiling, taking into account the following nuances:

The insulation is laid under the screed, taking into account the following scheme of the mutual arrangement of the layers:

Important! The concrete and the acoustic material underneath form a single soundproofing system. The sound wave coming from below is partially dissipated in the acoustic material, then reflected by the massive concrete.

In the basement

In this particular case, under the floor slabs there is either a basement or a technical underground. To provide natural ventilation products are used underground:

the total size of all windows must be at least 1/400 of the underground area;
the recommended height of the windows from the blind area is 0.5 m, so that in winter they are not covered with snow;
it is forbidden to close the vents for the winter.

Pie screed on the basement.

These conditions are not always met, so there may be excess moisture in the underground. Therefore, thermal insulation should have minimal moisture saturation, be laid on top of the vapor barrier.

between floors

Unlike the basement and attic level, heat loss in floors missing. Work on all floors heating appliances. However, to save energy, the insulation is still incorporated into the design:

without this layer, part of the heat will be spent on heating the floor slab, which will reduce the efficiency of the warm floor;
thermal insulation will reflect the heat flow, and completely leave it indoors.

Therefore, instead of extruded polystyrene foam and foam glass, foamed polyethylene is enough here.

Important! The most effective in screeds with underfloor heating contours along interfloor floor slabs is reflective insulation coated with aluminum foil. The reflective layer should be on top, that is, the foamed polyethylene is laid with the foil up.

Attic

When installing thermal insulation of the upper floor in a building with an unheated attic, the following factors must be taken into account:

a dew point appears in this design, since the attic freezes completely;
the dew point must be moved outward so that condensed moisture can be removed from the surface by natural ventilation;
are used to provide ventilation in an unheated attic dormer windows that need to be opened all year round by analogy with the products in the underground.

According to the requirements of the construction standards of the joint venture, the vapor barrier of individual layers in the floor pie must increase from the inside out. When laying insulation on top of reinforced concrete floor slabs, the condition is completely preserved:

steam penetrates from the premises of the lower floor through the slab into the thermal insulation;
then the moisture freely evaporates from it and is removed by the flow of natural ventilation to the street.

However, for normal walking on the insulation, ladders or a full-fledged boardwalk are often laid on it. In this case, the condition ceases to be fulfilled, condensation forms at the boundary of the thermal insulation and the boardwalk. The insulation loses its properties, and the boards rot, the development of fungus and pathogenic bacteria is possible.

Ground floor

The location of the layers of the floor cake on the ground must correspond to the operating conditions:

capillary suction of soil moisture and wet evaporation are possible from the soil;
soundproofing is not needed here, since there are no sources of noise inside the soil
in the presence of thermal insulation on the outer faces of the foundation and under the blind area, the soil under the floor on the ground will never freeze;
on screeds, you can use any floor coverings, including a tongue-and-groove board along the logs;

When choosing a heater, you should consider:

absolutely tight vapor barrier layers do not exist;
moisture that has got inside the insulation will not be able to evaporate from it through a layer of concrete;
when wet, mineral wool and Ecowool sharply lose their thermal insulation properties;
foamed glass and polystyrene retain their characteristics even when immersed in water;
from these materials, it is necessary to exclude foam, the density of which is too low and does not give 100% guarantees against shrinkage of the screed.

Ground floor.

Thus, from the whole variety of heaters the best option for the floor on the ground, extruded high-density polystyrene XPS or XPS and foam glass remain.

In the absence of underfloor heating circuits, high heat losses remain. The soil under the floor on the ground has a stable temperature of +5 - + 8 degrees, which is significantly lower than the same parameter in a residential area (+ 25 degrees). Therefore, it is necessary to qualitatively insulate the foundation, the basement and the blind area from the outside at a depth of 0.4 m in order to prevent freezing of the supporting structures in winter. Soundproofing in this case is not required.

with underfloor heating

The situation for these operating conditions is similar to interfloor slabs. Thermal insulation is laid under the pipes of a water or electric underfloor heating. Under it is a film, membrane or welded roll material vapor barrier. As a heater, it is better to use foam glass or extruded polystyrene foam here, since the possibility of moisture penetration remains.

Thus, when designing thermal insulation of a screed on a concrete base, different schemes of the construction pie are used, taking into account specific operating conditions.

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