Asbestos-cement sheets - technical specifications. Roofing from asbestos-cement sheets Application of asbestos-cement sheets in interior decoration
Asbestos-cement sheet, better known as slate, has not lost its fame as a unique building material for many decades, being successfully used in modern construction.
Application area
Slate sheets today are made in two versions - wave and flat.
But if the profile corrugated sheet is used only as roofing, then flat finds a much wider application.
It is used in the construction of residential buildings, as well as administrative and industrial facilities. Asbestos-cement flat sheet in this case is used as a fixed formwork of the foundation, used for the construction of unloaded partitions in the building, as one of the components of the pie flat roof, dry screed for floors or as a fence for balconies and loggias.
In the production of sandwich panels, slate is a facing component.
In agriculture, it is used for the construction of fences, pens for livestock, cages in poultry farms.
Types of asbestos-cement sheets
Slate is a mixture of asbestos fiber, Portland cement and water. Distributed evenly across total mass composition, it is asbestos that creates a reinforcing base that gives the sheets and tensile strength.
Depending on the production technology, asbestos-cement sheet is produced unpressed and pressed. The pressing method makes it possible to significantly improve its performance, thereby increasing strength and reducing porosity.
Since non-pressed slate has a lower strength and 2 times less thawing-freezing cycle than its pressed counterpart, it is used only inside buildings.
Both types of slate are notable for their low price, and the unpressed asbestos-cement sheet is much cheaper.
Advantages and disadvantages
This construction material No wonder it is in high demand. He is distinguished by high specifications, the main ones being:
- frost resistance and the ability to tolerate temperature extremes well;
- no deformation during heating;
- high strength;
- good sound insulation;
- indifference to ultraviolet;
- high fire safety;
- the ability not to accumulate or shield electromagnetic fields;
- high anti-corrosion properties;
- resistance to rot and mold;
- ease of processing and ease of installation;
- durability.
Such properties have all types of slate. Along with this, flat pressed asbestos-cement sheet has even better qualities:
- twice the ability to withstand temperature extremes;
- higher margin of safety;
- very low porosity.
Thanks to the latter property, its water absorption is reduced, and the sheet successfully resists the appearance of moss on its surface.
The durability of 30 years, which is inherent in unpressed slate, increases to 40–45 years.
One of the main disadvantages is the relative fragility of the sheets, which requires increased attention during transportation and installation.
In addition, they include:
- the severity of the sheets, which makes it impossible to stack them alone;
- need for processing cutting tools cover sections with special compounds;
- tendency (over time) towards moss.
Necessary protection
To increase the service life and maintain performance, all types of slate need additional coloring. Due to this, over time, the sheets practically do not collapse, the emission of asbestos particles into the air decreases, the level of water absorption decreases, which increases frost resistance, and a barrier is created for the growth of lichens and mosses.
Asbestos-cement sheet (slate) is treated with special acrylic paints. They not only create a protective film on its surface, due to which the service life is increased by 2 times, but also give it an aesthetic appearance.
Mounting Features
Before you start laying slate on the roof or making wall sheathing, you need to purchase a respirator. It will prevent the inhalation of dust, which is formed when cutting sheets.
You should also be aware that all sections should be immediately treated with acrylic paint.
Before starting the installation, asbestos-cement sheets are viewed, sorting out the broken ones and those that have chips.
Nails used for fastening sheets must be provided with a galvanized cap and a rubber washer. You can't hit them right away. First, holes must be drilled in the slate for them, after which, carefully, with a hammer, begin the fastening process.
In the process of laying, in order not to damage the sheets, you can not walk on them. For movement it is necessary to use special ladders or walkways.
The construction market is constantly expanding the range of roofing material, both new options appear and old ones are modified. But there is one that has remained unchanged for many years - slate, also known as asbestos-cement sheet.
The most common option is corrugated slate, but flat sheets of asbestos cement should not be discounted. This article will focus on flat slate, let's look at its advantages, characteristics, scope, etc.
Types of flat slate
Flat asbestos-cement sheets are divided into two groups:
- pressed;
- without pressing.
Pressed - more popular in private housing construction. It is produced by pressing on it with a press. Thus, improved density characteristics are obtained - up to 1.8 g / cm³, and impact strength - up to 2.5 kJ / m².
The porosity of the material has a low level, so the service life is longer. It also withstands more freeze and thaw cycles - up to 50, after which the strength of the sheet decreases by 10%.
Slate produced without pressing is inferior to the previous one in many respects. It withstands only 25 cycles of freezing and thawing, its density is 1.6 g/cm³, and its resistance to mechanical stress is 2 kJ/m². Also, the indicators and bending strength are weaker - 18 MPa, against 23 MPa for the pressed one.
Video: Asbestos (asbestos cement) sheet / Flat slate
Scope of application
The main area where flat asbestos-cement sheets are used:
- roof;
- cladding of the facade of the house;
- fence making.
In fact, the scope of use is much wider. Alternatively, flat slate sheets can be used to create flower beds or high beds on garden plot. Flat sheets can sheathe a balcony, households. building, etc.
Also, flat slate trimmings are used as formwork for the foundation of a small building. Sheets of high density and thickness are suitable for creating a garden path.
Flat slate roof
As a roofing material, an asbestos-cement sheet 8–10 mm thick is used. You can use thicker products, but then you have to strengthen truss system, since it will be subjected to a large load.
For rafters, a board with a section of 10 × 15 cm is taken, they are strong enough and able to withstand the weight of slate. The distance between them should not exceed 1 m. Then, a vapor barrier is laid on the rafters and a crate is mounted. As a crate, it is better to use a beam 5 × 5 cm.
Advice! Pre-treat all wooden parts with an antiseptic and fire fighting equipment(flame retardants).
Flat slate is nailed to the crate, this is done in a checkerboard pattern. Each next row overlaps the previous one. Fixation is not performed like with wave nails, but special galvanized or stainless steel roofing screws are used.
Before screwing in a self-tapping screw, a hole is drilled in the sheet at a distance of at least 7 cm from the edge of the sheet. A rubber washer is placed under the screws, which closes the hole.
After installation, in order to protect the slate and extend its service life, it is desirable to additionally paint it with a special paint. Priming is done before painting.
Characteristics of asbestos-cement sheets
Below is a table with the technical characteristics of flat asbestos-cement sheets.
| Indicators | Meaning | |||||
| Structural | Small size | |||||
| Pressed | Unpressed | Pressed | Unpressed | |||
| Density, not less than specified, g/cm³ | 1,8 | 1,6 | 1,75; 1,8 | 1,7 | ||
| Bending strength MPa (kgf/cm²) | 23 (230) | 18 (180) | 22 (220); | 20 (200) | ||
| Impact strength, kJ/m² | 2,5 | 2 | 2,2 | 2 | ||
| Frost resistance | freeze and thaw cycles | 50 | 25 | 50 | 25 | |
| Residual strength, % | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | ||
| Size, mm | length | 3000; 3600 | 1200 | |||
| width | 1200; 1500 | 1500 | ||||
| thickness | 8; 10 | 6; 7 | ||||
Advantages and disadvantages
Flat slate has a number of undeniable advantages. Its advantages include:
- solid - withstands heavy loads;
- high temperature resistant;
- durable;
- ease of processing;
- resistant to chemical and biological influences;
Conclusion
Of course, asbestos-cement sheets are not an attractive enough material from the point of view of designers. But they can ennoble the roof or facade of any outbuildings. In this case, the cost of material will not be large. That is why the demand for flat slate is still on top.
Watch the video: How to sheathe a house CHEAPLY. The practice of using flat slate.
Carrying out the arrangement of roofs, builders use various building materials as a coating. Sheets of wavy and flat shape made of asbestos cement are widely used. However, not only for the construction of the roof, asbestos-cement sheet is in demand. Technical characteristics allow the use of sheet material for various purposes. Due to the increased density and strength, asbestos cement is used for the construction of protective structures and the installation of formwork. Asbestos-cement sheets have an extended service life and are resistant to natural influences.
Composition and varieties of asbestos-cement sheet materials
One of the most common building materials used in the construction roofing works- asbestos cement sheet. The material is distinguished by a complex of properties, the main of which are sheet strength, durability, as well as resistance to external factors. The roof of asbestos-cement building material is attached to the crate, installation does not require special preparation. Asbestos cement sheets are known as slate.
For the manufacture of sheet asbestos cement, the following components are used:
- asbestos fibers that increase the strength properties of sheets. Fibrous asbestos is used as a reinforcing material;
- Portland cement used as a binder. A cement composition marked M400 and above is used;
- quartz sand. Fine sand is added to the composition as a filler to improve performance.
The concentration of asbestos fibers does not exceed 14%, and the proportion of cement reaches 80%. Sand is added according to the recipe. To give the sheets the necessary colors manufacturing technology allows the introduction of special dyes or pigment additives into the working mixture.
According to the requirements of the current standard, the following types of sheet slate are produced:
- Flat asbestos cement sheets. The manufacturing technology of flat asbestos cement provides for the possibility of producing products by pressing, as well as without force. It is visually problematic to distinguish between a pressed sheet and a non-pressed material. The varieties differ in operational characteristics - pressed sheets surpass unpressed slate in terms of strength and density. Flat slate dimensions are standardized.
- Sheet asbestos cement with a wavy surface. Traditionally used for roofing events. Roofs of residential and industrial buildings, buildings for economic purposes. The material is also in demand for the arrangement of protective structures. Sheets are different overall dimensions and the number of waves. For the arrangement of the roof, six-, seven- and eight-wave slate sheets with various dimensions are used.
Overall dimensions of asbestos sheets flat type are standardized and, depending on the version, are:
- length from 250 to 360 cm;
- width from 120 to 150 cm;
- thickness within 0.6-1.0 cm.
Sheet asbestos cement is used for roofing activities The dimensions of the wave slate are also regulated by regulatory documentation:
- the length for all sizes is the same and is 175 cm;
- width is 98 and 113 cm;
- thickness varies depending on the shape of the profile from 5.8 to 7.5 mm;
- wave height 40-54 mm.
The standard allows the production of sheet asbestos with dimensions that differ from those specified in the regulatory documentation.
The color of the building material is also different. The most common sheets are gray, in the manufacture of which no pigment additive is added. With the help of a dye, the material is given brown, green, red and other types of shades. The introduction of coloring substances increases the decorativeness of the building material, and also has a positive effect on the duration of operation.
Asbestos cement sheet - technical specifications
When planning to use an asbestos-cement sheet, the technical specifications should be carefully studied.
Main product indicators:
- ability to take bending loads. The strength index varies from 18 MPa for wave material to 23 MPa for flat asbestos cement;
- specific gravity. The density of sheets differs depending on their variety and is 1.6 g/cm³ for sheets with a wavy surface, and 1.8 g/cm³ for flat material;
- impact strength coefficient. Asbestos cement obtained by pressing has the highest value of 2.5 kJ / m². The unpressed material has a reduced impact value of 2.0 kJ/m²;
- the ability to maintain integrity under the influence of temperature changes. The pressed material is able to withstand at least 50 cycles of deep freezing with further thawing. For other varieties of sheet cement, the indicator exceeds 25 cycles.
The residual strength index for all types of sheets is at least 90 percent.
Before using the asbestos-cement sheet, you should carefully study the technical specifications Asbestos cement sheet - the advantages and disadvantages of this building material
Like any building material, sheet asbestos cement has a number of advantages and at the same time has certain disadvantages.
First, consider the main advantages of asbestos-cement sheets, which include:
- strength. A solid and dense sheet of asbestos cement retains its integrity, perceiving the mass of a person;
- high temperature resistance. The material retains operational properties and practically does not heat up under the influence of sunlight;
- long period of use. The durability of the material is evidenced by the roofs of buildings covered with slate more than half a century ago;
- Fire safety. Asbestos-cement material does not ignite when exposed to open flame and has refractory properties;
- ease of machining. No need to use special tools and equipment to cut sheets to size;
- moisture resistance. Asbestos-cement slate reliably blocks the way to precipitation and maintains performance characteristics when operating in conditions high humidity;
- anti-corrosion properties. Asbestos cement is not subject to corrosion and surpasses roofing materials made of metal in this indicator;
- electrical insulation characteristics. The material is a good insulator, does not conduct electricity, providing safety in case of wire break;
- soundproofing properties. Asbestos-cement material absorbs sounds from hail and other precipitation on slate roofing;
- affordable price. Compared to other types roofing materials slate is much cheaper, which saves;
- resistance to aggressive liquids. The material is resistant to alkaline environment and does not break down on contact with acid;
- maintainability. If the asbestos-cement elements of the roof are damaged, it is easy to carry out repair measures by replacing individual sheets.
Asbestos cement material is durable Along with the advantages, slate also has weaknesses:
- in conditions of high humidity, the surface is gradually covered with moss;
- significant efforts are required to lift massive sheets;
- heavy sheets exert increased pressure on the roof structure;
- fragile material needs careful handling during transportation and installation.
To increase the moisture resistance of the material and prevent the development of moss, special primers are used. To ensure reliability roof structure beams of increased cross section are used, which are reinforced at the junctions with metal plates.
Scope of pressed and non-pressed asbestos-cement material
Due to the complex of serious advantages, sheet asbestos cement is widely used in roofing, as well as for solving other problems. Let us dwell in more detail on the use of sheet building materials.
Regardless of the method of manufacturing asbestos-cement sheets and their varieties, the material is used to solve a wide range of tasks:
- roof structures in residential and public buildings;
- arrangement of a roof at the enterprises and agricultural objects;
- construction of protective structures in the industrial sector;
- protective and decorative lining of loggias and balconies;
- external cladding of walls of various buildings;
- production of partitions in sanitary facilities;
- formation of a coupler on dry technology;
- production of outer sides of sandwich panels;
- construction of panel formwork elements;
- the formation of dividing partitions inside the premises.
Despite the expanded scope of the material, the traditional use of asbestos-cement slate is the creation of blood. For arrangement, sheets with a wavy profile are more often used. They look better on the roofs of houses and provide more effective drainage of precipitation compared to flat asbestos cement.
Summing up
Asbestos-cement sheet is popular in the construction industry, the technical characteristics of which allow the material to confidently compete with other types of roofing building materials. In specialized stores, sheet asbestos cement is presented in an expanded range, which facilitates the selection of the required assortment of asbestos cement for solving specific problems. When purchasing sheets, determine their size and, if necessary, consult with professional builders.
We can all observe many buildings with a perfectly preserved slate roof. It, unlike other roofing, does not heat up in the sun and is able to withstand intense wind load and human weight. Slate is not a conductor of electricity, which is also important for roofing. This material is time-tested and is not going to leave the construction market.
What is asbestos cement sheets
Asbestos-cement sheet, which is a flat slab, is also in demand in many areas. It is produced from cement and chrysotile-asbestos fibers by pressing a mixture of these components. Asbestos fibers, evenly distributed over the entire mass of the sheet, are a kind of reinforcing mesh, which significantly improves all the characteristics of slate.
Similar building boards easy to install and can last at least 50 years. Flat slate is characterized by high frost resistance and fire resistance. Tests show that even after 50 freezes, slate loses only 10% of its original strength.
The use of asbestos-cement sheets
Asbestos cement sheets are used in a variety of building structures- in partitions, balcony railings, loggia decoration, in ventilation shafts, in fixed formwork, fence installation. According to such characteristics as sound insulation, airtightness, moisture resistance, slate is practically not inferior to modern materials used in the manufacture of sandwich panels, as well as ventilated facades. Given that slate has a very low cost, its popularity is understandable.
Flat slate is closest in terms of basic indicators to cement-bonded particle boards, which are also made using cement. However, sawdust is used as a filler in DSP. Modern building standards set up the consumer to be more responsible for the problem of environmental safety. This factor is one of the reasons for the growing popularity of these materials. But it should be understood that asbestos-cement boards and DSPs can have different characteristics.
The use of asbestos-cement sheets in interior decoration
Since there is no asbestos in cement particle boards, this material can be used in finishing interior spaces. But due to the presence of a certain amount of organic inclusions in the DSP, it is necessary to narrow the scope of these plates. This is due, in particular, to the high absorbency of wood-based materials. As a result of moistening, the linear dimensions of the CBPB boards change, and their strength characteristics decrease.
Asbestos-cement slabs practically do not change their geometric shape as a result of exposure to moisture. This material retains all of its useful qualities throughout the entire period of operation. Although DSP is a low-combustible material, it is inferior to asbestos-cement sheets in this indicator.
If necessary, you can paint the flat slate yourself. To do this, the sheet is covered, and after it dries, the first layer of paint is applied. This layer is the main one, so it takes 2/3 of all the prepared paint. Then they apply finishing layer, giving the surface an even and uniform look.m
The slate installation technology involves the use of a metal frame or crate for attaching sheets. Holes are drilled under the fasteners with countersinking for caps. To fasten the asbestos-cement sheet, you can use self-tapping screws with a countersunk head and a strong tip, as well as screws.
Asbestos-cement sheets are a building material that is used in the process of arranging the roof of residential and non-residential buildings. Often, asbestos cement is simply called slate. This material is often used in the process of building and arranging roofs, due to the presence of many advantages in comparison with other materials, which, among other things, can be used to create a roof.
Asbestos cement consists of short-fiber asbestos and Portland cement, in a ratio of 15% to 85%, respectively. Such material has the form of rectangular sheets with corrugation in the form of waves, often on each sheet there are about six waves. The standard size of an asbestos cement sheet is 1.2 by 0.7 meters, while the wave height is at least 28 millimeters, square meter such a sheet weighs 10-15 kilograms. To equip the roof, the sheets are overlapped, while under them it is necessary to lay soft gaskets that have sealing properties. For the base of the roof, it is worth using a crate made of bars with a cross section of 50 by 50 millimeters; such a crate is suitable for sheets of a standard profile. A crate with a cross section of 75 by 75 millimeters is suitable for sheets with a reinforced profile and a step of 500-550 and 750-800 millimeters.
Varieties of asbestos-cement sheets
Asbestos cement sheets are divided into several types: wavy and flat sheets. In this case, flat sheets are divided into non-pressed and pressed sheets. Corrugated sheets are used for arranging roofs on residential buildings and public buildings, as well as for outbuildings and wall fences.
Flat sheets can be used as Wall panels, partitions, as well as slabs in the arrangement of ceilings and other buildings. Including this kind of asbestos-cement sheets can be used in the process of finishing work, both from the outside and from the inside of buildings.
Pressed and non-pressed sheets have the same external characteristics. Their main difference lies in different indicators regarding strength and density. Pressed sheets are additionally compacted, which makes it possible to increase their density and improve strength.
Specifications
Consider the main technical characteristics of various types of asbestos-cement sheets.
Bending strength index: for pressed flat sheets is about 23 MPa, for non-pressed flat sheets - 18 MPa, for sheets with seven and eight waves - 16 MPa.
The density of the sheets must be at least the specified value: for non-pressed sheets, as well as sheets with seven and eight waves, this indicator is at the level of 1.6 g / cm 3, for pressed flat sheets, the indicator is at the level of 1.8 g / cm 3 .
The impact strength index for pressed flat sheets is at the level of 2.5 kJ/m², for non-pressed flat sheets this figure is slightly lower - 2.0 kJ/m².
Residual strength for all types of asbestos-cement sheets is at least 90%.
Pressed flat sheets of asbestos cement have the highest degree of frost resistance with a number of cycles of at least 50, for other types of asbestos cement sheets this figure is at least 25 cycles.
Gray sheets are often used, but colored sheets can also be used. In order to give the sheets a certain color, pigments are used.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
Asbestos-cement sheets are especially popular among professionals, primarily due to the presence of the following advantages:
- sheets are hard, while they are able to withstand the weight of a person;
- such sheets are practically not warmed up by the sun's rays;
- asbestos-cement sheets are durable;
- sheets are fireproof, they are refractory, non-flammable;
- such sheets are easily processed with various tools;
- sheets are not susceptible to corrosion, in comparison with metal roofing;
- are distinguished by the presence of excellent electrical insulation characteristics;
- during rain or hail, the sheets do not conduct noise;
- low cost in comparison with other materials;
- excellent resistance to alkalis;
- it is very easy to repair such sheets, and individual sheets can be replaced.
Asbestos-cement sheets, like other materials, have their drawbacks:
- over time, moss may appear on the sheets, but at the moment its appearance can be prevented; for this, a primer is used, which can increase the hydroresistance of the sheet;
- the weight of the sheets, they are somewhat heavier compared to other materials, so in order to lift them onto the roof, it will be necessary to make an effort;
- asbestos-cement sheets are fragile, so they must be carefully transported and installed.
Scope of asbestos-cement sheets
Wavy and flat asbestos cement sheets are easily processed using various tools, which is why they are considered great option to build a roof.
Flat sheets are used when arranging the roof of small buildings; for arranging a complex roof, corrugated sheets of asbestos cement are most often used. Each of the varieties has approximately the same properties, the main characteristics of the sheets are high resistance to negative effects. environment as well as fire resistance.
Speaking of attractiveness external characteristics, then wave sheets look more attractive, so they can decorate buildings for any purpose. If you are looking for reliable coverage for your roof, affordable price, to be sure that it will last you long enough, you should pay attention to asbestos-cement sheets.