How did ancient people live?

In modern society, the life and way of life of ancient people causes considerable curiosity. We are children modern world, use all its benefits and high tech and it is quite difficult for us to understand how people survived, who had nothing at their disposal except the nature around them. In this article we will try to talk about how the life of ancient people was and what lifestyle they led.

Tribal Relations

Ancient people preferred to live in tribes, because in such harsh conditions of wild ancient nature it was almost impossible to survive alone. Each member of the tribe played his own role - the women were engaged in farming and gathering, maintained housing, cooked food, and looked after the children, men were the breadwinners and went fishing and hunting and made auxiliary tools. Weak and sick members of the tribe and children were assistants to women and carried out their instructions. Since there was still no medical knowledge in prehistoric times, the age of ancient people was not long. In addition, infant mortality was very high, and the childbearing age was small.

So how long did the average human live?

Of course, the habitat of the tribe and the way of life played a big role, but a 30-year-old man in those prehistoric times could be considered an old man. To survive, the tribes constantly tried to increase their numbers and had very loose morals, incest often occurred. Loyalty was also neglected, as men in the tribe were in short supply, as males died on the hunt, and in battles with neighboring tribes.

The cave played the role of housing and an altar

Ancient people used caves not only for cooking, sleeping and heating, the cave was the first human altar. It was in the caves that ancient people learned to draw their first "icons", before hunting they depicted pictures of victories over ferocious beasts, performed tribal dances, and performed the first ritual rites. Times passed and the first totems appeared in the caves, which personified the gods to whom the tribe prayed.

The evolution of ancient people was very slow, much slower than ours, but even such underdeveloped creatures progress was not alien. Men constantly improved their tools made of wood and stone, and women created new household items that made it easier for them to do chores. In addition, women who were gathering, realized that spices can diversify a very meager diet.

Perhaps the very first people went naked, but they quickly realized that primitive clothes could be made from the skins of animals they killed while hunting, and decorations from shells and gems. It will be interesting to know that it was multi-colored stones and shells that became the first money in primitive society. Such "money" began to be used for trade within the tribe and between tribes.

Some tribes lived in forests and on spacious plains, they realized that a hut could be built from branches and tree trunks. It is the huts that can be considered the first full-fledged houses for a person. Such huts were built both on the ground and on trees.

Time passed, a huge glacier came to the territory of Eurasia, the ice age began. People had to adapt to very harsh conditions environment. Since it was very cold, the ancient people realized that from the cold you can hide underground. So the first dugouts appeared, which were built from logs and earth. Such underground shelters could shelter up to 30 people from the cold.

How did the first man appear? This question worries scientists around the world and excites the imagination of our children. We will take as a basis the theory of Charles Darwin that people are descended from monkeys and go to a distant and mysterious primitive world to feel like a representative of the Stone Age. We will build a cave, create for ourselves the image of a primitive man, learn how to make fire and create weapons. We will meet shamans and become the first artists. We will catch our first mammoth and learn all about the spirits that dwell among us.

We will find out:

• From whom did the first people originate (according to Darwin's theory)
• Where did primitive man live?
• How did you get your food
• What did primitive men and women do (I wonder if something has changed over millions of years? 😉)
• What did primitive people believe in?
• What animals inhabited the primitive world
• What did early man learn?

You'll get:

• theoretical material (on the basis of which you can tell the child how people lived in the Stone Age)
• thematic games that allow you to penetrate the world of primitive people and immerse yourself in the topic
• cards with logic games and tasks that you will need during thematic games
• Educational cards with drawings and information about animals, primitive weapons and tools

Age 4+

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“... not to give samples, to put the child in a situation where his usual ways of acting are obviously unsuitable and to motivate the search for the essential features of a new situation in which to act - these are the foundations of non-traditional pedagogy based on the psychological theory of learning activity ... "

G. A. Zuckerman, Doctor of Psychology

It is this approach that underlies my program "My Planet" - a minimum of teaching words and a maximum of action and reflection on a given problem.

But first you need to get involved in the work, to prove yourself, to declare yourself. Passing a lit candle, the children said all the most interesting things that happened to them over the past week (or a day, because a week is an eternity in the minds of preschoolers - after midnight a new day begins in the garden, and what happened before it, children cannot always remember ).

Examining illustrations on the topic and discussing what they saw. Each child talks about what he sees. To be able to see the patterns in the picture, to talk about what they saw is a very important skill and modern children especially need it. Connected speech of modern children needs to be developed.

We discussed how the ancient people were dressed. Discussion snippet...

- Guys, what did ancient people wear? Look carefully.

-They were naked! one guy says.

-What are you doing! They are in shorts! Polina says.

What do you think their clothes are made of?

-From paper!

- Made of wood!

- You need to take paper, recycle and it will turn out new material, - reflects our philosopher Makar.

- Yes, from the skins! Polina exclaims.

I didn’t say anything myself - I led the children themselves to think.

-Guys, how do you think how ancient people got their own skins?

-Beasts were killed, goats! Yarik says.

- Exactly, they got themselves a beast and made clothes and something else ...

-What do you think, why did the ancient man need fire?

-When there is no light at home, we also light a fire - candles, - Makar reflects.

- And they cooked food! Polina says.

-Of course, for warmth, light and cooking, and also to frighten wild animals.

- Guys, look here (showing a picture with a battle with a cave bear) - what do ancient people do?

-Fight!

What should they be then?

- Courageous, friendly, strong!

Then we build the world of ancient people. We say that they needed water and built dwellings next to water.

Learning to agree on where the plants, the cave will be....

The world is ready, but there are no ancient people themselves. Children make ancient people from branches, plasticine. Everyone chooses the color, size of branches for arms and legs. In this task, I pursued another goal: I paid attention to the structure of the human body: arms, legs, neck, head .... In my practice, I often note the difficulties of children in orientation in the body, in the structure, which is especially evident in the drawings of a person.

They remembered that ancient people had clothes made of skins. We touch the skin, talk about our feelings - a very useful exercise (development of sensations, speech - a dictionary of signs).

Marina Purina

MKDOU kindergarten №77 Novosibirsk

Role-playing game«»

Held during the theme week “Gen. Furniture, household appliances».

Members: children 6-7 years old

Compiled: teacher Purina Marina Gennadievna

Target: introducing children to life primitive man

Tasks:

Cultivate interest in the history of development human;

Develop curiosity;

To expand the search and cognitive activity of children;

Develop cognitive activity, enrich vocabulary. Arouse a desire to actively participate in a general conversation and game.

Cultivate friendships and mutual assistance.

Develop memory, logical thinking, speech, interest in independent solving cognitive problems.

To consolidate the acquired knowledge with children, to bring joy and pleasure to children from role-playing game.

Dictionary activation: dwelling, cave, tribe, sacred fire, ritual dance, rock paintings.

Material and equipment: cave, animal skins, "bonfire", stones and sticks for "breeding" campfire, "spears", silhouettes of animals, sheets of paper, "river", skewers, crayons.

Musical arrangement: "Sounds of Africa", "Sound of Drums".

preliminary work:

Reading books and encyclopedias on the topic "Ancient world", "Journey to the Ancient World", watching video. Making a layout « Prehistoric site»

Game progress:

Guys, do you want to go with me to the stone age? I really want to see how people lived in the ancient world! Who is with me? And suddenly the journey will be dangerous: we may meet a wild beast, hostile tribes - are you not afraid? Those who are ready to go on a journey through the Ancient World, come closer to get into the field of action of the time machine. Get ready! Get in the circle closer, we will start the time machine! Prepared hands (start engine) "R-r-r-r!",put your hands on each other's shoulders: “We want to go to the Stone Age! We want to go to the stone age! We want to go to the Stone Age!” Hands up. Let's fly!

Once primitive people

let's go to primeval forest.

And primeval sun

Looked at them from heaven.

Then these people decided

Live in a deep cave

They got the fire

They began to cook food on it.

And they ate with their hands

And drank water from the stream

Dressed differently than you and me

They had skin.

Let's build a cave! (from blocks and bedspreads)

Guys, what do you think you are wearing? primitive people? (animal skins)

how primitive people made fire? (getting fire).

Let's sit around the fire, warm our hands!

You know, primitive people barely spoke. Mostly they communicated with gestures. We will also try to convey some information to each other with the help of gestures without words.

One child shows, the rest guess. For example,

I want to eat.

I saw a big mammoth over the mountain!

It's time to go hunting!

I am tired and want to sleep.

Yes, it was not so easy for our ancestors to communicate.

In ancient times, people did not live alone, but in large groups - tribes. Imagine that we are a tribe.

What was the most important occupation of ancient people? (hunting, getting food)

How are we going to hunt animals? What will be our weapon? Ancient people made weapons for hunting from sticks and stones. We will also make spears.

What did ancient people do to hunt successfully?

(They performed a ritual dance.)

Yes, our ancestors believed that hunting would be successful if before forthcoming desire to perform a ritual dance in which people showed how brave they are.

Do you want to do this dance?

A ritual dance is performed to the sound of drums

Men take spears and go hunting and fishing, and women make sure that the fire does not go out and watch the kids, collect fruits.

Audio recording sounds "Animal Sounds". The children go hunting.

It is necessary to go silently so as not to frighten off the prey.

summed up: The children name who they shot down.

Well hunted, rich prey.

What shall we do with our prey, shall we eat it raw or roast it on fire?

(We sit around the fire and "fry" figured marmalade on skewers).

Guys, do you like our trip to the Ancient World? Tell me what do you like here?

I think the food is ready. Who wants to try?

How did ancient people decorate the walls of their caves?

Our ancestors on the walls of the cave captured the most important and interesting moments of their lives.

We have embers from the fire. Let's use them to draw what we saw today, what we liked the most.

Children draw with crayons.

After a while it buzzes "Time Machine".

Guys, do you hear? I think it's time for us to go back. Or maybe someone wants to stay here a little longer?

Children decide who comes back and who wants to stay.

Related publications:

Dear colleagues! In the last academic year in our kindergarten held a competition of projects on the topic " Story game as a cultural practice.

How does the independent plot-role-playing game of older preschoolers change under the influence of the systematic formation of new game ones in them.

Project "In the footsteps of primitive man" INFORMATION MAP OF THE PROJECT Author of the project: Shumkova AV Project duration: short-term (1 week). Project type: information and creative.

A child is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.

The table is decorated by guests, and the house is decorated by children.

He does not die who does not leave children.

Be truthful even in relation to a child: keep your promise, otherwise you will teach him to lie.


— L.N. Tolstoy

Children need to be taught to speak, and adults to listen to children.

Let childhood mature in children.

Life must be disturbed more often so that it does not turn sour.

— M. Gorky

Children need to be given not only life, but also the opportunity to live.

Not the father-mother who gave birth, but the one who made him drink, nurtured, and taught good.

Children's games of antiquity

Knowledge of the world begins with the game. What children play and how they play tells what kind of adults they will grow up to be. The expression “Children are real people, and adults are what is left of them” reminds us that we must continue to play even when we become adults and not stop. It is useful, and, besides, it makes us better.

The games of Slavic children keep antiquity and are deeply traditional. In them, words and gestures, actions and emotions, alive and eternal are preserved. All of them are from ancient times. They convey faith in the existence of the soul and spirits, faith in the animation of all nature and totemism, the inexhaustible diversity of the world, natural and human unity.

In the old days, when both townspeople and villagers lived in approximately the same conditions, the games were similar. The heroes of these games were, first of all, animals - horses, bears, wolves and foxes, lambs and goats, birds (geese, swallows, larks, quails, sparrows, chickens and roosters, ducks, cranes). Everything that surrounded the children migrated to their game world.

In total, there are several types of children's traditional games. Some are still popular with children.

Finger games - for the smallest ("Magpie-magpie", "Kiselyok", "Goat horned") - the most ancient. Such games contribute to the development of fine motor skills and the overall physical development of the baby. And all because there are active points on the palms that affect the entire body.
Round dance games for youth grow from pagan roots, from the time when the round dance, tank, loach, was considered an indispensable attribute of the spring-summer ritual. His goal was to glorify the spirits of nature, to appease them in order to ensure the well-being and prosperity of people. Gradually, the original meaning was erased, but the round dances remained. These are “Brook”, “Flax”, “Swan”. Children also played games similar to elements of the wedding ceremony and other rites in general - kidnapping the bride, walking in rye, in flax, driving a spikelet, unlocking the earth, calling and others.

Popular and loved games with abduction, war, dragging. These are “Geese-Swans”, “Wolf and Geese”, “Krynochka” and many others.

Ornamental games clearly outlined the movement of children. To a song or melody, they had to move in a certain way. The game itself had a beginning, a climax and an end: a kind of small performance, but very clear and formed, it was impossible to break away from the custom of the game itself. The rules are unshakable, the participants are distributed unconditionally and perform only their own roles. These are “Dawn-Dawn”, “Zastenkom”.
Competitive games, especially loved by boys, are aimed at strength results, endurance, dexterity, courage and attentiveness. The support of friends and mutual assistance is important here. Such are the games themselves: Lapta, Gorodoki, Leapfrog, and others.

What remains in our time from the ancient games of our little ancestors? Even if only for the smallest, but still curious contemporaries, there were “Talka-traps” of all kinds (“Talki-squats”, “Sorcerers”, “Pristenochki”), “Hide-and-seek”. A truly immortal game of all, without exception, children - “Cossacks-robbers” in dozens of options, “Twelve sticks”, “Holes”, “Knives”, “Wolf in the ditch”, “Geese-swans and wolf”, “Ring”, “They sat on the golden porch”, “The goat was walking through the forest”. By the way, only boys used to play the game “Classes”.
Here are just a few fun and moving games for little Slavs.

The game "Dawn-Dawn"
Children stand in a circle with their hands behind their backs. Leading - Dawn walks behind the players in a circle with a ribbon or handkerchief and says:

Zarya-Zarya,
red maiden,
Walked across the field
Dropped the keys.
golden keys,
blue ribbons,
entwined rings -
Went for water!

With the last words, Zarya carefully puts the ribbon on the shoulder of one of the players, who, noticing this, takes the ribbon, and both run in different directions in a circle. The one who ran first takes an empty seat in the circle. The one who is left without a place becomes Dawn and the game is repeated.
Details: The runners must not cross the circle, the players in the circle do not turn around while Zarya chooses who to put a handkerchief on their shoulder.
Russian folk dance game "Bubble"
This game is very fun and dynamic. Children enjoy playing it. The guys join hands and form a circle. Before the start of the game, the round dance converges as close to the center as possible. The bubble is deflated. Next, they "inflate" the bubble, i.e. diverge to the sides, trying to make the round dance as large as possible. The round dance-bubble is “inflated” until one of the participants in the round dance, unable to withstand the tension, releases his hands. So the bubble has burst. The game is accompanied by the following text:

Inflate, bubble
Get big!
Blow up, hold on
Don't rush!

The game "Leapfrog". Option 1
According to the rules of the game, a driver is selected, who will have to squat down, bending his head. The rest of the participants must jump over it.
After all the participants have jumped over the driver, he changes position, standing up a little. Participants again must jump over it in turn.
So, each time the driver rises higher and higher, and the game continues until one of the players, jumping, hits the driver. If this happens, he takes his place and the game starts again.

The game "Leapfrog". Option 2
There is no driver in the rules of the game, and the children just have fun jumping over each other.
All participants in the game should line up, so that the distance between them is about 1-2 meters. All players, except for the one who closes the chain, stand in a half-bent position, leaning on their knee, or squat down.
The player standing at the end of the chain begins to jump over all the participants in turn. After he jumped over the player, standing first, he also becomes at a distance from him and assumes the desired position, and at this time the player at the end of the chain begins to jump over the participants.

Game "Squats"
This game is for four or more people. The leader-salka is chosen by a counting rhyme. They play like regular tags. The difference is that a crouched player cannot be salted! Salka can deceive players - she pretends to run after one, and then abruptly changes direction. And one more condition - more than two players cannot sit down at the same time! If three players crouched at once, the tag can tag the last one who crouched. The salted player becomes a tag.

Game "Twelve sticks"
This game requires a plank and 12 sticks. The plank is placed on a small log to make it look like a swing. All the players gather near these swings. 12 sticks are placed on the lower end, and one of the players hits the upper end so that all the sticks scatter.

The driver collects sticks, and the players at this time run away and hide. When the sticks are collected and laid on a plank, the driver goes to look for those who have hidden. The found player is out of the game.

Any of the hidden players can sneak up to the swing unnoticed by the driver and break the sticks again. At the same time, hitting the board, he must shout out the name of the driver. The driver collects the sticks again, and all the players hide again. The game ends when all the hidden players have been found and the driver has managed to save his wands. The last player found becomes the leader.

Details: The driver picks up and puts the sticks back on the swing strictly one at a time.
Children can play a wide variety of these games even now. They are simple, understandable and do not require specific skills, special training and any equipment, except for the simplest: Children's games - full of laughter, joy and movement.