Gate and fence 

One-story houses made of foam blocks are the most inexpensive housing. Instructions for building a house from foam blocks Fold a house from foam blocks

The construction of houses from foam blocks is developed in many parts of the country. Such a building material has a number of undeniable advantages, but it has some features. All these problems must be considered before building a house from foam blocks.

Walls built from foam blocks have fire safety, high strength and excellent heat and sound insulation.

The use of foam blocks can significantly reduce construction costs. The ease of processing and the speed of their installation incline many to the use of this building material. The question itself, how, is not more complicated than when building walls from other materials.

The choice of foam blocks for construction

Foam blocks are foamed concrete, cut into blocks of the desired size. The basis of the material is a mixture of cement and sand, in which, with the help of a special substance, air pores are formed, evenly distributed throughout the volume. Unlike aerated concrete, where the pores are filled with gas, only air is present in foam concrete, which ensures its environmental friendliness.

When choosing foam blocks, it should be borne in mind that they are available in different sizes and with varying degrees of porosity. The latter characteristic leads to a difference in mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties. An increase in the number of air pores in the thickness of the block leads to a decrease in the specific gravity of the material, a decrease in compressive strength and an increase in thermal insulation parameters.

The brand of the foam block indicates the value of the density that determines the air content; for example, brand D600 - the foam block has a density of 600 kg / m³. By density, it is customary to divide foam blocks into the following types: heat-insulating (up to 500 kg / m³), ​​structural and heat-insulating (500-900 kg / m³) and structural foam blocks (1000-1200 kg / km³). Accordingly, their purpose is also determined - for load-bearing walls it is necessary to use foam blocks not lower than D900, and for partitions D400 is enough.

Back to index

Features of the use of foam concrete

The choice of brand of material and the thickness of the wall is determined by the climatic features of the area where the house is being built from foam blocks. External bearing walls should be built from structural blocks that have low thermal insulation properties. This requires laying a second layer of thermal insulation blocks. Therefore, in cold climates external walls must be at least two layers; at the same time, one layer of blocks can be dispensed with for the south.

Porous concretes have a rather low resistance to alternating and periodic vertical loads. This condition requires the strengthening of areas where such loads are possible. In places of installation of wall ceilings, door and window openings, it is necessary to manufacture reinforcing belts or strong jumpers.

The penetration of water into the air pores significantly reduces all the main advantages of foam blocks. This necessitates reliable external waterproofing of the walls. For walls made of foam blocks, external plaster is required with the addition of special waterproofing compounds.

Back to index

Step-by-step instructions: building a foundation

For the foundation of a house made of foam blocks, a foundation pit is dug with a depth of 80-170 cm, taking into account the depth of winter freezing of the earth. The dimensions of the pit are selected with a margin of 60-100 cm on each side for the convenience of making the foundation. A pillow under the foundation of sand and fine gravel up to 30 cm thick is filled up and compacted at the bottom of the pit. Then a frame is assembled from reinforcement with a diameter of up to 15 mm. The reinforcing frame of the foundation consists of vertical and horizontal rods. The distance between the vertical bars of the reinforcement is 1-1.5 m. It is advisable to grab the reinforcement by welding.

Then, formwork is assembled on both sides of the reinforcing frame for pouring the solution. The formwork is made of wooden or plywood boards. A distance of 30-80 cm is set between the formwork panels, depending on the thickness of the wall. The height of the formwork is at least 70 cm. The side panels of the formwork must be parallel to each other, and fastened with jumpers in the upper part.

For pouring the foundation, a concrete mortar is used, mixed in the proportion: 1 part of M500 cement to 3 parts of sand with fine gravel. The cement-sand mixture is mixed with water to a thick consistency. Filling is done in the following order. A layer of cement mortar is poured onto the sand cushion (cement with sand in a ratio of 1: 4 without adding crushed stone). After that, the main concrete solution is poured.

Filling is carried out in layers (each layer is about a third of the height of the foundation) around the entire perimeter of the house with the obligatory compaction of the mass using a vibrator or bayonet shovel. The drying time of the foundation is 7-10 days, after which the formwork is dismantled, and the gap between the foundation and the soil is filled with earth. If the reinforcement sticks out of the foundation surface, then it must be cut off.

Back to index

Foam block walls

Building a house from foam blocks means, first of all, building walls from this material. The construction of the wall begins with leveling the surface of the foundation. To do this, first, using the level, the horizontalness of the surface is checked. Then cement mortar foundation is leveled. 1-2 layers of roofing material are applied over the foundation to ensure waterproofing of the basement layer of the wall. Sheets of roofing material are laid with overlap.

Scheme of laying foam concrete with horizontal diaphragms: A - brick diaphragms; B - diaphragms made of foam concrete and reinforced steel.

Produced on a special glue for foam blocks. It is possible to use cement-sand or cement-sand-lime mortar. A layer of glue is applied to the surface of the previous layer and to the bottom surface of the block. The construction of the wall begins with the laying of corner blocks to a height of 3-5 blocks. The block laying system depends on the thickness of the wall. With a single-layer wall, the blocks are laid in one row with the long side along the wall.

If a two-layer wall is provided, then laying can be carried out in two ways: two identical parallel layers or interlaced laying, when a block is laid transversely through 3-5 longitudinally laid blocks. The binding of the rows should exclude the coincidence of the seams between the blocks in two adjacent rows. This is achieved by the fact that the first row begins with a longitudinally laid block, and the second row - from the end of the block of a perpendicular wall. This ensures the displacement of blocks relative to each other in adjacent rows.

Precise laying of the first row is very important for the quality of the entire wall. To control the masonry line, it is necessary to stretch the cord along the future wall between the corner blocks. When laying the blocks, they are tightly installed on the glue and pressed by hand. If necessary, you can use a mallet with a rubber layer. The horizontality of each layer is checked by a level. The entire thickness of the wall is formed at once. If surface defects are found during the laying of a row, they must be immediately eliminated.

The increase in strength is achieved by reinforcement. Reinforcement is made with reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. The first laying of reinforcement is carried out on top of the first row of foam blocks. To do this, two parallel channels 40x40 mm in size are cut out on the surface of the blocks in the direction along the wall. Channels are formed around the entire perimeter of the house. Reinforcement is placed in the channels, then the laying of the next row of blocks continues. Reinforcement is laid every 4-5 rows.

Overlapping door and window openings in the wall must be strengthened. To do this, steel corners with a size of at least 80x80 mm are installed above the openings. The corner is installed on both sides of the wall and should exceed the width of the opening by about 60 cm in length. Sometimes a reinforced concrete beam is used.

The top of the wall should end with a reinforcing belt, on which the ceiling will be installed.

Such a belt is usually made of reinforced concrete beams or steel channels.

Reinforcing elements are fixed with anchor bolts.

The Dachny Sezon company builds houses from foam blocks on a turnkey basis in Moscow and the Moscow region according to ready-made and individual projects. In a short time we build warm, reliable and durable buildings. The minimum life of the cottage is 70-80 years, and with strict observance of the construction technology, the house will last more than a century.

Construction features

Foam block - molded cellular concrete, made from a mixture of sand, cement and water with the addition of a foaming agent. It has a homogeneous porous structure with closed pores isolated from each other. Due to this, the material has thermal conductivity and vapor permeability that are not inferior to natural wood. Foam block houses "breathe", independently regulate the humidity in the room, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. They are light weight, rodent and insect resistant, fire retardant and compatible with all interior and exterior finishing materials. Over the years, the strength of foam concrete only increases.

Advantages of building houses from foam blocks:

  • Fast construction time (from 70 days),
  • Mechanical strength, resistance to stress,
  • High thermal insulation and sound absorption,
  • no shrinkage,
  • vapor permeability,
  • Reliability and durability.

One of the main advantages of foam block houses is the cost. They do not need a powerful foundation and the use of expensive special equipment, do not require additional thermal insulation. The material is easily processed: it can be chipped, sawn, milled, giving the required shape. This allows you to implement any architectural and design solutions.

Order a foam block house in the company "Dachny Sezon"

On our website projects of houses from foam blocks, developed by specialists of the company "Dachny Sezon" are presented. For each of them, drawings, photos of already built objects, as well as detailed description works in three available configurations: "Basic", "Optimal" and "Turnkey". Additionally, you can order facade and interior finishing works, installation of gutters, filing the roof with spotlights, installation interior doors and laying of intra-house engineering systems. The prices in the catalog do not include the porch, terrace and balconies.

Advantages of ordering a house in the company "Dachny Sezon":

  • 15 years of work in the field of low-rise construction,
  • over 2500 completed projects,
  • internal redevelopment - FREE OF CHARGE,
  • timber from the direct manufacturer,
  • staged payment - 1% - 14% - 20% - 20% - 20% - 20% - 5%,
  • 940 finished projects ranging from 60 to 500 m2,
  • free delivery of materials within 100 km from the Moscow Ring Road,
  • technical supervision at all stages,
  • guarantee period- 7 years.

Dachny Sezon is a full cycle company. On our own we carry out the full range of work - from the preparation of project documentation to garbage disposal and commissioning of the facility. You can also order an individual design of a building for your requirements from us or buy an inexpensive project of a house from foam blocks without execution construction works. For a consultation call: +7(499) 650–50–18.

Comments:

The main reason why the developer increasingly prefers to build a house from foam blocks with his own hands is not only that most of the building materials used for its construction are relatively inexpensive.

Foam blocks are made from environmentally friendly materials, they have good waterproofing and soundproofing properties, which is why they are so popular in the construction of houses.

The following positive properties contribute to its popularity:

  • foam blocks are made from environmentally friendly materials, so they are allowed to be used even for the construction of children's institutions;
  • due to the porous structure, it is an excellent heat and sound insulator;
  • walls made of foam blocks are vapor-permeable, that is, they "breathe", in such houses there is almost no excessive humidity;
  • due to the large and regular geometric dimensions, a house from such blocks can be built easier and faster;
  • they are easily processed, allowing you to realize the most daring design decisions;
  • a house made of foam concrete is fireproof, and its strength only increases with time;
  • speed and relative ease of laying.

The technology of building a house from foam concrete

Back to index

Foundation laying

Before you build a house of foam concrete, you need to decide on the type of foundation. You will have to choose from three types of foundations:

  1. Columnar, which is only suitable for small house with a small footprint, because it has a small bearing capacity. Must have a monolithic reinforced concrete grillage.
  2. Tape. Due to the increased bearing capacity, it allows you to easily build a house with two or three floors. The main disadvantage is the need to use lifting equipment.
  3. A slab foundation is a rather expensive option, but for heaving soils with a high level ground water this is the most suitable option.

If you plan to use brick cladding, this should be taken into account when choosing the width of the foundation. On it, together with the blocks, brickwork half a brick wide should be placed. It is possible to start building a house from foam blocks only after the laid foundation has finally hardened. The waterproofing of the foundation must be very reliable, since foam concrete is a very hygroscopic material. Usually two layers of roofing material are used.

Back to index

Building a house from foam blocks

Before you start building a house from foam blocks, you need to prepare an adhesive mixture for them. To do this, the dry mixture, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, is poured into water and thoroughly mixed with a construction mixer. Glue is best applied to the blocks with a notched bucket: it is more convenient than a notched trowel.

In addition, the following tools and materials will be needed to build the walls of the house:

  • the blocks themselves are made of foam concrete;
  • hacksaw, mallet with a rubber tip, planer;
  • grinder or wall chaser, bar fittings with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
  • sand and cement;
  • construction trowel, plumb line and level.

The first row of blocks is laid on the waterproofing layer. The binding material for it is a layer of sand-cement mixture. Usually corner blocks are installed first. They must be at the same level, which is carefully controlled. The entire first row is laid along the cord stretched between these blocks. The last block, most likely, will have to be adjusted in size.

The building level, and preferably a laser or level, checks the horizontality of the laid row. Various irregularities are carefully leveled. The height of individual blocks can be leveled with a mallet with a soft tip, and smaller irregularities with a drywall planer or sandpaper.

The first row of foam blocks is usually reinforced so that cracks do not appear in them. With the help of a grinder or a wall chaser, two grooves-strobes are cut in the masonry at distances of at least 50 mm from the edges, into which the bar reinforcement is then placed. Reinforcing bars are interconnected by welding. Before laying, the strobes are cleaned of dust and filled with glue.

Reinforcement is then repeated after every fourth row. In addition, the support zones of lintels, window and door openings, and floor levels are necessarily reinforced. Above the openings, both window and door, reinforced concrete lintels or metal corners are usually laid.

As with brickwork, when laying out the next rows, it is necessary to ensure the ligation of the blocks, for which, in each new layer, the blocks are shifted by half their length relative to the previous one. You can cut the blocks with a regular hacksaw. A layer of glue with a thickness of about 3 mm is applied first to the sides of the block, and then to its lower part.

Like the first row, it is better to start each subsequent row by laying corner blocks, and lay out the rest along a stretched cord. The horizontality of each laid row is controlled by the level, the verticality of the laid wall is controlled by a plumb line.

In order not to additionally load the foundation, it is recommended to use not concrete, but wooden floors. The ends of the beams lying on the concrete belt should be wrapped with roofing material or coated with bitumen. Boards and sheet material designed specifically for this purpose are attached over the beams. It is permissible to insulate the roof and use any roofing material.

The device of the floor does not fundamentally differ from its scheme in houses made of other building materials. Its foundation is laid out from separate brick (foam blocks are not suitable) columns, on which logs are laid, and already on them - a subfloor. Decorative coating can be anything.

Back to index

Interior and exterior decoration of the house

Figure 1. A variant of brick cladding of a house made of foam blocks: 1 - a wall of foam blocks, 2 - facing brick, 3 - thermal insulation based on mineral wool, 4 - air vent.

Without exterior finish blocks of foam concrete in the open air begin to darken and collapse, especially when low temperatures. This is due to their high hygroscopicity.

Many experts believe that the best option is the cladding of the facade with brick or decorative stone. It is also possible to use facing cinder blocks. A variant of brick cladding is shown in fig. 1. It is marked with numbers:

  1. Wall of foam blocks.
  2. Facing brick.
  3. Thermal insulation based on mineral wool.
  4. A vent is a vent that allows air to pass upwards, where the same vents are made.

Reliability of fastening of the cladding is usually ensured using a special perforated strip. If it is not laid down when laying the walls, anchors are used. The use of artificial or natural finishing stone instead of brick is a tempting option, but the cost of such a finish is quite high.

Another option is to apply plaster on the facade. It should only be taken into account that foam concrete does not hold traditional plaster well, therefore a special plaster mixture based on gypsum is needed. Such plaster adheres well to foam concrete, does not peel off, does not allow atmospheric precipitation to pass through, dries quickly and has high vapor permeability. But it also costs more than usual.

A variant of this kind of plaster - which has become extremely popular recently decorative plaster"bark beetle". It holds well on the walls, has a long service life. In addition, it is a good sound and heat insulator.

It is also possible to carry out coloring by performing a preliminary grouting of interblock joints. It should only be taken into account that it should be a special vapor-permeable silicone paint.

Another frequently used option is a ventilated facade based on siding or lining. A wooden crate can be nailed to the walls of a foam concrete house with ordinary nails. As in brick, vent holes should be provided in such a cladding. This is a fairly economical option, but the mechanical strength of such a lining leaves much to be desired.

Composite panels are better suited. They are easy to install, they are strong and durable material with good heat and sound insulation properties. The only drawback of this material is the rather high cost.

The interior decoration of the foam block house is facilitated by both the correct geometric shape of the blocks and the ease of their processing.

Houses made of light building material - foam block - are durable and have high thermal insulation. Thanks to the block structure, the walls preserve the internal microclimate. BUT technical properties the material itself allows you to equip even foundations from foam blocks.

Practical and affordable foam concrete blocks are used for the construction of private houses with their own hands with different heights. The composition of the building material includes environmentally friendly components:
sand;
water;
cement;
foam.

The result of the production is a porous-looking material that will provide warmth and keep out noise from the street. The walls of such a house are completely environmentally friendly and "breathe". The latter condition excludes the appearance of condensate and fungal processes.

For construction, you can choose a block right size. This will significantly speed up do-it-yourself work on site and save on estimated costs.

Attention! One foam block, which is usually used for the construction of suburban real estate, has a size of 60 * 30 * 20 cm, which corresponds to the size of 15 bricks.

An important condition is the absence of the need to equip a complex type of foundation. Lightweight building material does not have a strong impact on the foundation of the house and involves the use of:
1. shallow foundation;
2. pile;
3. slab.

It provides additional savings material costs.

Video with the stages of production of foam blocks can be found on the Internet.

First row masonry

Porous-looking foam blocks are distinguished by their ability to absorb water. To protect future walls from excess moisture, the arranged foundation is covered with waterproofing material.

The laying of the first row is first performed without the use of mortar. This will help to correctly decompose entire blocks and determine the desired dimensions of split structures. At this stage, all openings are marked with end blocks.

Do-it-yourself masonry begins from the highest corner of the foundation. This parameter is determined by the level and ruler. Spread the blocks of the first row on the cement mixture. The solution is applied to the base (foundation), bottom and sides of the block. After laying the corner blocks lay out the remaining space.

Monitor the even laying of all elements of the row. If necessary, level the stretched cord with a mallet - a hammer with a rubber nozzle. The stretched "ordering" moves with each row. Nails with a cord attached are driven into the formed concrete joints between the blocks. This allows you to control even masonry and the future load-bearing wall.

Video laying the first row of blocks

The first row laid on the foundation is again checked by the level for irregularities. All drops are cleaned, excess solution is removed. This will allow further laying perfectly even rows.

Working with the second row

For this and subsequent rows, a special type of glue is used. Blocks are placed in a checkerboard pattern, starting from the corner. The technology provides for the displacement of the elements of each upper row by 10–20 cm. This will allow you to build a stronger wall. Ligation is also used for joining external walls and internal partitions.

In the process of dense arrangement of blocks, "cold bridges" are formed. Builders in certain places make gaps for seams:
a narrow board with a square section of 1.5 cm is placed on the block;
a layer of mortar or glue is placed on top and allowed to dry;
the rail is removed and a hollow space is obtained in the middle of the block filled with mortar.

openings

The places of the proposed openings (doors) are determined immediately after the foundation is poured, or after the first row of masonry. On which row the window opening will begin depends on the size of the blocks used. The standard height of the beginning of window openings is 900 mm, and taking into account the arrangement of the floor, pouring the screed, it must be increased. To cover the top of the opening use:
1. factory concrete blocks;
2. Concrete formwork is manually built, concrete lintel is poured.

Wall reinforcement

Wall reinforcement is mandatory. Work begins with the first row and is periodically repeated in every second row.

For reinforcement use:
reinforced mesh, which is laid on the layer of the first row with a small allowance on the sides; a layer of solution is applied on top;
fittings; on top of the blocks, 2 parallel strips are drilled with their own hands and metal rods are laid there; the strobes formed from above are concreted and carefully leveled.

masonry last row The walls are completed with a concrete armo-belt. From above, the structure is covered with waterproofing and the roof is being installed.

Roof

To build a roof, a beam of 150 * 150 mm is laid on top of the walls, which is called Mauerlat and serves to fasten the lower part of the rafters. A ridge beam is laid at the top and the installation of rafters is started.

Rafters are installed at a distance of 50 cm to 1 meter. A waterproofing material is laid on top of the rafters, a counter rail is nailed, and then the crate is equipped. Fits on the crate roofing material. Instructional videos on the installation of various types of roofs can be easily found on the Internet.

Working with mortar

With a solution of concrete grade M-50, the first row is laid on the foundation. The mixture is prepared before work in order to exclude the hardening process. It is applied to the blocks with a special spatula. The teeth on the tool form grooves that allow the mortar to better adhere to the blocks.

A thick type of mortar is applied to the base of the masonry up to 5 mm thick. This will allow you to correct the position of the block using the shift method.

Attention! In the process of laying with your own hands, you need to adhere to the technology of mixing the solution. The density of the resulting mixture should "hold" the foam block and not spread on the sides. The strength of the whole house will depend on the quality of the masonry.

The applied solution can be kept for up to 10 minutes. After the time has elapsed, the mixture will begin to set and will not allow the material to be laid correctly.

To work with the upper rows, use a special glue for foam blocks. This mixture helps to quickly complete the construction and firmly install all the elements.

Facade works

Ability to absorb a large number of moisture requires careful exterior finishing of the building material. Facade work for buildings made of foam blocks is done by hand in the following ways:
Treated with heat-insulating silicone-based paint. Such material is intended only for exterior decoration and perfectly protects the walls from cold and moisture. A substance of thick consistency is applied in a dense uniform layer. In the photo, such houses look quite modern.

Usage facade plaster on a special basis. The ideal option will become an acrylic mixture that is resistant to weather conditions and mechanical stress.
The use of ceramic facing materials(brick, decorative stone).
Installation of ventilated facades.

You can preview photos and videos from different options finishes and choose the right style.

Important nuances

An important point will be the foundation insulation device using sheets of roofing material or hot bitumen coating. This will protect the walls of the house from moisture absorption.


Use only high-quality cement or dry adhesive mixtures. Not quality material affect the strength of the entire structure.

Between the blocks allows the thickness of the mixture up to 12 mm. All excess is removed and rubbed at the seams.
Be sure to perform reinforcement of rows of foam blocks. This will make the building resistant to natural influences and possible subsidence of the soil. Reinforced walls can withstand the weight of the roof or additional add-ons (mansards, balconies, terraces).

The erected walls of foam blocks should “settle” for 15–20 days for the mortar to completely harden and the building to shrink. Only 3 weeks after construction, finishing work can be done.

The price of foam blocks, today in our country is not high, so this material is in great demand for the construction of suburban real estate with their own hands.

Video. Foam block walls

04/16/2016 by
Categories: house
Tags:

For the construction of a low-rise house, more and more people are using innovative rational ideas. New technologies, which use new generation materials, are increasingly being used to build dwellings. Among these materials can be called foam concrete and aerated concrete. As a rule, foam concrete is used for the construction of suburban residential buildings. The final design is distinguished by reliability, strength and durability, and the cost of construction will be quite budgetary. Foam concrete is known for its relative cheapness compared to other building materials. Its ability to keep warm makes it possible to use the material for the construction of houses in places with an unstable climate.

Advantages of a foam block house

Houses made of this material are reliable and high performance. Among the advantages of building a house from foam concrete, the following qualities can be distinguished:

  • environmental safety of the material;
  • non-toxic, does not emit dangerous odors and toxins at high ambient temperatures;
  • has high rates of thermal insulation and sound insulation;
  • convenient to use when building a structure;
  • light weight;
  • compared to a material such as brick, it has a large size.

Due to the fact that foam concrete is not heavy and voluminous, it is possible to build a building much faster than using other building materials. To cut the foam block, you do not need to use special tools; you can easily cut the material with a hacksaw. The big advantage of the foam block is that after laying, there is no need to finish, level the walls.

But the most important advantage of this product is that you can build your nest with your own hands, without involving construction teams and expensive equipment. This allows you to save a lot of money. You can build a house alone, but two people will cope with that work in general simply and easily.

The price of the material deserves a separate discussion. If you compare blocks with other materials, then it is much cheaper. But when choosing a material, it should be remembered that among the foam blocks, the price difference directly indicates the quality. During construction own house do not ignore this point. Buying the cheapest material can be an unpleasant surprise later, at the end of the work.

Disadvantages of material for building a house

There are not many disadvantages of the product, but it is necessary to talk about them as well. The biggest negative feature of foam blocks is that they are unstable to mechanical stress. Blocks crack when improper transportation, careless handling. But the most unpleasant and unexpected thing is that the block can break when laid in the wall. This happens when the foundation shrinks, the movement of the soil.

The porous structure of foam blocks, which greatly facilitates their weight, causes high hygroscopicity. In order for the material to remain a reliable heat insulator, it is necessary to take care of hydroprotection. Otherwise, the pores of the block will absorb moisture, lose their thermal insulation abilities and collapse.

Another disadvantage is that the foam block house requires exterior decoration. Even blocks of high grade do not look elegant and solid. So exterior finish necessary. In this case, the minus becomes a plus, because this finish provides additional water protection.

The choice of foam concrete for the construction of a dwelling

After deciding to build a house on your own, you need to dwell on the material from which the house will be built. If the choice is stopped on foam blocks, then you should deal with the variety of offers of this material:

  • The density of foam concrete - depending on the density of the material, the purpose in construction is determined. These can be foam blocks for construction, for thermal insulation and mixed - structural - insulating.
  • Type of material - several standard sizes are offered on the construction market, depending on the need, you can use: classic monoblock, block with voids, lego - foam block. Foam block - Lego makes it possible to use the material in vertical masonry.
  • Category and grade of blocks - if it is planned to finish on top of the foam blocks, then it is permissible to use any category of building material. The difference between the first and second grades is only in minor external defects of the latter: chips, scratches, not perfectly even edges. But when laying blocks the best variety, increases the time spent on leveling the seams. Also, more glue or mortar is spent on connecting the blocks together. External flaws can be covered with a top coat. So it's up to you to decide what grade of materials to use. There are three types of foam blocks. The difference between the third and the first reaches large numbers. The first grade is three times more expensive than the third.
  • Buying material is at a base located as close to home as possible. Due to its fragility, a long road can significantly reduce the number of entire blocks.

Foam block house project

Turning to specialists with a request to design a residential building is a very expensive service. You can create a project yourself and it will not cost any financial costs, and you can take into account all the nuances and design a house for yourself and your needs.

When planning the construction and planning the upcoming house, keep in mind that it is advisable to build a house with several floors on a small plot. In this case, many buildings will be collected in one place: a cellar, a garage, a basement, the house itself. If the plot is large and does not limit the construction of a large house, then the dwelling should be built taking into account the number of inhabitants. With independent design, it is best to opt for a one-story building. The simpler the architectural structure, the easier it is to build and strengthen. The simplicity of the future home will save money, effort and time for its construction.

Instructions for building a house from foam blocks

Before starting construction, you should prepare a tool that will be needed in the process of building a house:

  • Master OK;
  • mallet;
  • scissors;
  • ruler;
  • roulette;
  • scissors;
  • building level or plumb;
  • putty knife;
  • chisel;
  • screwdriver;
  • hacksaw for metal;
  • Bulgarian;
  • electric drill;
  • sawmill;
  • concrete mixer.

If the tool is easy to assemble, using both the existing one and those taken from friends, then you will have to work hard to develop a project. Lots of preparatory work, during which it is necessary to agree on a project for water supply, wastewater disposal, heating system. An electrical and gas supply plan must also be available. It is necessary to keep a clear record of issues, expenses, plan everything and be able to be flexible.

The two most important questions to consider are:

  • obtaining certificates permitting construction should be taken into account if the site does not have a source of water, it is necessary to drill a well, and a building for storing tools is also needed;
  • after solving the previous issues, you should start preparing the material, preparing the tools, and it is not advisable to buy all the material at once, buying as needed is more cost-effective.

Technology of installation of foam blocks

The laying of foam blocks does not differ from the laying of bricks, cinder blocks. If you have at least minimal construction experience, it will not be difficult to build walls from foam blocks. Even if this is the first experience in construction, when using the level, even a beginner will be able to build walls. Moreover, laying blocks is easier than cinder block, because it is much lighter and simpler than brick, because the foam block is larger.

Before laying the first row, one should not forget about waterproofing - roofing material is laid on the foundation. It will prevent the penetration of moisture into the porous structure of the foam block. First, the corner blocks are laid, the corner is immediately laid in a height of five to six blocks. It should be checked with a level how even the foundation line is, if necessary, all inconsistencies are trimmed with cement mortar. When laying foam blocks, the level is constantly monitored, if necessary, more glue or mortar is added, if necessary, you can use a mallet. Leaving defects for later is not recommended, all defects are eliminated immediately. Every five to six rows, reinforcement is laid around the perimeter of the entire building.

Calculation of foam blocks for the house

In order not to end up in a situation where too much or too little was bought to build a house, it is necessary to correctly calculate the required amount in advance. To do this, you should develop the most accurate drawing. You can come up with drawings of a foam block house on your own, use existing ones, or invite an architect or designer to help.

A sketch of the house is drawn on a large drawing paper with an emphasis on such details:

  • width, length, height of the house;
  • building walls, windows and doors.
  • wall dimensions: not only length and height, but also thickness);
  • the size and number of door and window openings;
  • foam block dimensions.

The simple step of calculating the quantity without taking into account the openings of windows and doors can be carried out quickly. This is an easy process. The total length of the walls is multiplied by the height and width. The number is fixed. It will not be difficult to calculate the number of foam blocks that are saved taking into account openings if the sizes of windows and doors are the same. The width, height and thickness of the opening are multiplied and thus the result is obtained. It is multiplied by the number of windows or doors. Finally, all results are summed up. To calculate the number of blocks, you need to divide the volume of the walls by the volume of one block. If you are afraid to make a mistake and buy extra blocks, you can use online calculator, which will help calculate the number of foam blocks for building a house correctly.

Foundation for a house made of foam blocks

Any construction of a dwelling begins with digging a foundation pit, where the foundation will be poured. When building a house from foam blocks, a strip foundation is most often made. The pit is immediately dug, taking into account the features strip foundation. The depth of the foundation depends on the climatic zone, the level of freezing becomes a decisive factor. Thus, the depth can vary from seventy centimeters to one and a half meters. The pit is dug according to the size of the house with the addition of a meter on each side of the house.

You can dig a pit yourself manually or use the help of an excavator, at your own discretion. The land that will be collected after digging can be useful for flower beds, slides and the like, it is not recommended to take it out.

The process of building a foundation is one of the most important stages in housing construction - the stability of a home is directly related to the strength of the foundation. During the construction process, attention must be paid to the creation of a special cushion of sand and gravel. The thickness should be at least thirty centimeters, the compaction of sand and gravel should be as much as possible.

For the foundation frame, it is necessary to use reinforcement up to one and a half centimeters in diameter. A rod is installed every meter, the height of the reinforcement must correspond to the height of the foundation. Between themselves, the rods are welded using horizontal rods. After that, the formwork is installed. For this, boards are used that are connected in the form of a shield, the thickness of the future foundation should reach half a meter, the height varies depending on many reasons, but as a rule, no more than seventy centimeters. Between the boards there is a screed that will not allow the concrete to break the integrity of the formwork. Most often, cement grade 500 is used to fill the foundation. The composition should be similar to thick sour cream. Compaction of concrete is carried out using a shovel. Within a week, maybe a little more, the formwork is not removed, it is necessary to let the solution dry well and grab. After the expiration of the prescribed period, the boards are removed, the foundation of the house is ready for subsequent construction work.

Wall decoration from foam blocks

All buildings made using foam blocks need a special finish. Without compliance with technology, the work will be thankless. Foam concrete will not perform its basic functions and may collapse. Incorrect finishing can cause mold and mildew. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to pay special attention to waterproofing. Due to the porous structure, conventional fasteners cannot be used; special materials for foam concrete should be purchased. This affects the cost of interior decoration and increases it. Speaking of interior decoration, meaning:

  • sealing seams between foam blocks;
  • the use of a special water-repellent primer, insulating film;
  • warming;
  • wall putty;
  • plaster;
  • painting.

Based on the material chosen, it may be necessary gypsum plaster, dye, wooden frame, water-repellent primer, reinforcing mesh, mineral wool, insulating film.

For waterproofing, a film or primer is chosen, while the seams between the blocks must be puttied to prevent the penetration of cold air. Internal walls insulated using mineral wool in rolls or in the form of plates.

You can also use a wooden frame. It all depends on your preferences or abilities to do this or that work.

You can see photos of houses from foam blocks at the end of the article. Diversity existing options can push you to create your own, the best project.

If you still have questions about how to build a house from foam blocks, watch the video. The construction algorithm, basic requirements for materials, issues of masonry, finishing are discussed in detail in the video. This will help you build a house with your own hands and enjoy the coziness and comfort of your home.