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Features of ventilation in a wooden house. Proper ventilation device in a wooden house with your own hands Ventilation system in a house made of timber

Even though wood is an environmentally friendly material that breathes, ventilation in a private wooden house needed. This is necessary not only to ensure that the residents receive fresh air, but also to keep the building at long time in new condition. If there is not sufficient ventilation in a wooden house, then this will provoke the appearance of a fungus, as it will be quite high level humidity, which, in turn, will lead to the destruction of the structure of the tree.

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    Varieties of ventilation

    Many doubt whether it is necessary to install ventilation at all. But here the answer is obvious - of course, yes. This opinion arose due to the experience of using old wooden houses, where there were large heat losses due to many cracks, poor-quality insulation, etc. Today, everything has turned out differently. modern buildings from wood need good ventilation, since the insulation is at a high level, and air stagnation can occur in the house.

    In addition, it must be ensured that all sanitary norms, as well as optimal conditions operation of a private house.

    It is necessary to solve the issue of arranging ventilation even at the stage of building a house. You can choose from three main options:

    In addition to the types of ventilation, you should also learn about the special requirements for it, as well as installation in a private wooden house. A high-performance device must meet the following requirements for operation:

    • in residential premises should be pumped out from 30 cubic meters of air per hour of work;
    • in the bathroom, this figure increases to 50 cubes;
    • in technical rooms enough 15 cubes per hour of work;
    • for the kitchen at 70 cubic meters per hour, subject to availability gas stove, and if there is an electric one, then 50 cubic meters are enough.

    passive exhaust

    Often this type is enough to ensure the inflow of fresh air into the room and the outflow of “recycled” air. Typically, ventilation wooden house performed in a natural way.

    This "passive" method is characterized by the influx of fresh air from the following sources:

    Reliable ventilation scheme, which will be sufficient to ensure fresh air private house, consists of vertical and horizontal shafts extending beyond the roof.

    In the classic version, the channels are installed only in the kitchen and in the toilet. But it would be ideal to place such mines separately for the kitchen, toilet and all living rooms. If it occurs, and the ventilation is the same for all rooms, then the smells can mix, which will lead to a certain discomfort.

    At the same time, air will circulate between the rooms through the gap between the doors and the floor. It is better to place the exit of the mine in the wall from above, closer to the ceiling. For the channels themselves, you need to use smooth plastic materials or metal with minimal bending.

    Do-it-yourself natural ventilation in a private house. Passage of ventilation through a metal tile.

    By making a hood in a passive wooden house, you can get the following benefits:

    • low cost of components;
    • ease of installation, arrangement, reliability and durability;
    • no need to spend money on electricity;
    • air ducts need to be cleaned only once every 1-2 years.

    Despite the obvious advantages, the natural air ventilation system also has specific disadvantages, although there are few of them. First of all, it should be noted that the work deteriorates significantly in summer time year, as the outside air temperature increases, and the circuit only works due to the difference in temperature in the house and on the street.

    In addition, if we compare it with other types of ventilation, it can be emphasized that such a scheme does not make it possible to adjust the necessary parameters of air humidity and temperature.

    If the air ventilation system is not enough, then there is optimal solution- installation of axial fans directly into the mines. This will help to improve the efficiency of the natural circuit several times. Such combined do-it-yourself options are actively used to provide fresh air access to the house.

    DIY VENTILATION and EXHAUST WE BUILD FOR OURSELVES

    Application of various equipment

    Higher efficiency and the possibility of various settings for temperature and humidity are provided by active circuits using various equipment.

    As a rule, supply systems with fans, various filters and devices for air humidification, noise absorption, cleaning, etc. are used.

    In addition, in order to improve the hood in the attic room, an additional fan is placed in it. Thus, the scheme will provide comfort and fresh air in any weather.

    In addition to the visible advantages, there are also significant disadvantages of the active system:

    • the operation of the equipment is quite expensive;
    • electricity costs;
    • installation complexity.

    The price of equipment is also a minus, since such a scheme is one of the most expensive among all possible types.

    If you make the ventilation system "to the maximum", then it will also include blowing the floor, attic space and roofs.

    Arrangement features

    The disadvantage of a wooden house is a high level of sensitivity to high humidity. Floor ventilation in such a building gives a few more years of preservation of the tree in its original state.

    To arrange this scheme, you need:

    How does natural ventilation work? principle of operation

    It is especially important to make high-quality ventilation of the attic or attic room. This will ensure the durability of the building, and in particular, its attic. Otherwise, condensation will accumulate, the wood will absorb moisture, and the roof will not last long.

    If ventilation is done correctly in a wooden house in the attic, then the total area of ​​​​the holes will be equal to 500th of the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. Air is removed from the attic through. In the summer, you can additionally install fans that will improve the performance of the system.

    Considering, it is necessary to take into account such key elements:

    • the distance between the roof sheathing and the roof insulation must be at least 45 cm;
    • the presence of gratings;
    • the vapor barrier to the insulation must fit exactly;
    • there must be a certain distance (gap) between the insulation and the roof.


    Using these rules, the ventilation system can be made in accordance with all established norms and rules. It will be of high quality and will keep the house in a new condition for a long time. In addition, for self-manufacturing it doesn't take much effort. By doing everything according to the drawings, you can achieve a good result.

    In addition to the natural air ventilation scheme in a wooden house, as well as the use of additional equipment, more effective method- supply scheme. It will provide enhanced traction. unpleasant odors, the house will always have purified air, and the building will stand for several years longer. At the same time, it will work not only directly in the house and attic, but will also provide oxygen access to the basement, to the foundation, etc.

    It solves several important tasks at once:

    • supply of fresh air from the outside;
    • heating of the air flow passing through the mine;
    • the air is cleaned of dust and supplied fresh;
    • exhaust air outside the house.

    Many people wonder if ventilation is necessary in a wooden house in principle? It all depends on the structure of the house, but in most cases, such an installation is a necessity, and not a whim of the owners.

    Today you can find a lot of different equipment from different manufacturers, which is already prepared under, made of wood. In order to understand which of the proposed options is ideal for each individual case, you need to consult a specialist or directly from the seller in the store.

    You can buy a set of everything necessary equipment and do the installation yourself. Alternative option- hire a team of specialists to carry out such work.

    In addition, at self assembly you can order individual elements already assembled, which will greatly facilitate the installation process.

    This kit may include the following items:

    You can also optionally mount an automation system that will analyze the state itself and make appropriate adjustments.

    When installing, do not forget to check the instructions supplied by the manufacturer with the system. Do-it-yourself ventilation in a house made of timber will be no worse than that installed by specialized companies, if you approach the work correctly and perform all actions according to the drawings.

    Checking system operation

    It does not matter which ventilation system is installed in log house- natural or forced, it should show good results in work.

    Anemometer - a device for accurately measuring the operation of the system. But there are also simpler improvised means. For example, you can open a window or window in a room and bring a piece of paper to the ventilation shaft. If he reaches for it, then the system works correctly. Instead of a leaf, you can use a candle. In this case, the fire will be directed towards the mine.

    old ventilation the last way(with the help of a flame) it is better not to check. It often contains cobwebs and dust, which can lead to fire.

    During operation, pay attention to the following factors:

    • condensation on windows in cold weather;
    • mold near the mine;
    • dust inside the ventilation ducts.

    These signs indicate one thing - it is necessary to carry out cleaning and preventive maintenance of ventilation equipment.

    Having figured out how to make a ventilation system in a house from a bar with your own hands, you can do everything with high quality and on your own. The main thing is to follow the advice of specialists and the attached diagrams and drawings.

Ventilation in a private wooden house is as essential as in any other building. It has its own nuances associated with the characteristics of wood as a natural, natural material. The design and installation of a high-quality air exchange device must be carried out at the initial stage of construction. Let us consider in more detail why ventilation in a wooden house is necessary.

Ventilation in a private wooden house

The need to equip a wooden structure with an air circulation installation is due to factors:

  • hygroscopicity of wood. It can quickly absorb moisture from environment. Maintain optimal moisture levels with quality installation ventilation will ensure a long life wooden structures, save them from the appearance of fungus, mold, microorganisms. Overdried or moisture-saturated material is very susceptible to deformation, destruction.
  • The ability of wood to “breathe” is higher compared to brick, concrete, and other building materials. But air does not pass through the wood. Otherwise, the heat would come out in winter. The change of air masses inside such a structure will not happen on its own without the proper organization of air exchange by a person.
  • Maintaining optimal temperature regime. Heating a house from a bar in winter can be energy-intensive. High-quality ventilation equipment not only produces a change in air masses, but also allows you to save on heating due to heat, for example, from the ground or exhaust air flow.
  • Human waste products. Wood is not able to utilize everything that a person produces in the process of life (carbon dioxide, thermal radiation, moisture release, etc.).

Types of air exchange inside a wooden cottage

A private cottage made of wood provides the ability to organize the following ventilation systems:

  • Natural. It is organized with the help of natural air mass, which independently enters the premises through open windows, doors and displaces the spent lighter air flow through the ventilation ducts.
  • Forced:
    - exhaust (special equipment brings the waste mass out);
    - supply (devices inject a fresh stream into the building from the outside);
    - supply and exhaust (a unit with air ducts connected to it for the removal / supply of exhaust / fresh air flow).
  • Mixed ventilation system.

Natural ventilation in a wooden house

The design of natural ventilation in a wooden house is carried out at the planning stage of its construction. It is organized with the help of vertical air ducts that remove the exhaust air from the premises upwards outside the structure. As a rule, such channels ensure its outflow from boiler rooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms and other rooms that are deprived of constant ventilation.

The circulation inside the ventilation ducts is maintained by the pressure difference created at the inlet and outlet. The higher the outlet of the ventilation duct is located, the greater the pressure - the air mass is removed faster.


Scheme of natural ventilation at home

The inner surface of the air ducts should be as smooth as possible, with the same cross section, in order to exclude the accumulation of dust and ensure the unimpeded passage of the air flow. The channels must be wide enough to circulate the required volume.

The circulation of natural ventilation is carried out due to the influx of air from the outside through the leaks of window / door openings, through open vents / windows / doors, and then the displacement of exhaust air through the air ducts. If the tightness of the structures does not contribute to the natural change of air flows, it is necessary to consider a forced ventilation system.

Pros and cons of natural ventilation

Advantages:

  • low cost;
  • the possibility of self-assembly.

Disadvantages:

  • low efficiency;
  • the need for additional removal of exhaust air from the kitchen, bathrooms;
  • heat loss during the cold season;
  • sound insulation is reduced;
  • together with the air flow, dust and insects get inside;
  • dependence on atmospheric conditions;
  • inability to adjust performance.

Exhaust ventilation method

Forced ventilation in a wooden house with the help of exhaust mechanisms is a system of air ducts through which the exhaust air flow is removed through the ventilation shaft to the outside. Old air is forced out of the room, fresh air enters naturally. At the same time, fresh inflow should be provided in the same volume as the diverted one. To improve air exchange, fans are installed that increase the rate of removal of polluted air masses.


Scheme of the exhaust ventilation system at home

Operating conditions:

  • the warm waste stream is located above the fresh cold one;
  • supply sources are located below the outlet channels.

Advantages of exhaust ventilation:

  • the change of exhaust air masses to fresh ones is more efficient than with natural circulation of flows;
  • environmental friendliness of the materials used;
  • the ability to control the force and speed of the discharge of exhaust air.

Disadvantages:

  • low efficiency;
  • large heat loss.

Supply ventilation of a wooden house

Forced ventilation in a wooden house of a supply nature is a variety of window valves, wall ventilators that blow air from the outside. Spent independently exits through the ventilation ducts under supply pressure.

Advantages:

  • constant supply of fresh air;
  • various degrees of cleaning of the air supply from dust, debris, etc.

Disadvantages:

  • a cold stream from the street in winter has to be additionally heated, which leads to energy costs;
  • the exhaust air does not have time to give up its heat and is removed from the house;
  • Insufficient tightness of the connection between the ventilators and the wall.

Supply and exhaust air exchange

The necessary air exchange inside the wooden structure will help organize a forced supply and exhaust ventilation device. It consists of air ducts equipped with fans, air purification filters, heat recuperator, automatic control unit.


The ventilation scheme in a wooden house looks like this. The atmospheric flow from the street passes through the filtration system. With the help of fans, it moves through the air duct, then it is fed into the rooms. Through other air ducts, the exhaust air is discharged to the outside. If the air handling unit is equipped with a heat exchanger, incoming air warms up due to the heat output (it is possible to return up to 80% of the heat). In this case, the flows most often do not mix (depending on the model of the recuperator). The supplied air masses remain clean.

The inflow inside the building from a bar can be carried out through a ground heat exchanger. One end of the air duct is located above the ground, the other is connected to the ventilation unit. The pipe is laid to a depth of 1.5-2 m. In winter, the heat of the soil will warm the incoming air. In summer, the supply air can be cooled. In order for the air flow to warm up / cool down, the length of the air duct underground must be at least 15 m.


Scheme of supply and exhaust ventilation in the house

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of supply and exhaust air exchange:

  • constantly fresh air (with closed windows);
  • significant savings in thermal energy during the cold season (up to 25%);
  • control of air exchange parameters;
  • maintaining the optimum temperature for a wood structure;
  • maintaining an optimal microclimate;
  • high-quality filtration of the supplied air flow;
  • proper air exchange prolongs the life of a cottage made of timber;
  • absence of mold, fungus;
  • breeding a large number dust, moisture, excess heat (up to 98%);
  • the installation of the air duct is hidden, it is carried out in the interceiling space.

Cons of the device:

  • high cost compared to a natural ventilation device;
  • installation and installation is carried out by specialists;
  • under the condition of a temporary lack of electricity, the supply and exhaust circulation stops working;
  • periodic service maintenance systems;
  • purchase of soundproofing materials to reduce the level of operating noise of the equipment;
  • a separate room for the installation of equipment (attic, basement).

Separately, about the ventilation of the roof, the floor of the wooden cottage

Roof

Do not forget about the ventilation of the attic, roof space. It is very important to properly organize high-quality air exchange here with the help of ventilation holes.


Roof ventilation scheme in a wooden house

The air flow, heated by the heat of the entire structure, rises. contact with cold roof structures materials, it will inevitably form condensation. Without sufficient air exchange, the roof space will gradually rot, collapse under the influence of gathering moisture.

That is why the rafters are impregnated at the construction stage with waterproofing materials. Nevertheless, the arrangement of high-quality ventilation of the roof is necessary to maintain its integrity for a long time. The scheme of natural ventilation in the roof is quite simple. To do this, it is enough to equip the roof dormer windows, ridge products. Wherein ventilation holes will be effective only located at the very ridge of the roof.

Efficient floor ventilation is also an important aspect of the overall air exchange of a wooden structure. It is impossible to allow air to stagnate under the floor, which can lead to the formation of condensate, the appearance of mold, and, as a result, rotting of wood structures.

To prevent the destructive effects of moisture, small ventilation openings are left inside the foundation. Air intake holes are arranged under the skirting boards. The air flow passing through the vents and air intakes will ventilate the space under the floor, keeping them dry.

With the onset of cold weather, the vents in the foundation close, otherwise the cold stream from the street in contact with the heat of the building will be condensed. In summer they are always open. It should be remembered that all ventilation openings must be equipped with decorative gratings from rodents.

A wooden cottage, like any other building, needs the right, high-quality, efficient system ventilation. This will ensure its long service life, make living inside it comfortable. The arrangement of the air exchange system is carried out at the construction stage. A professionally planned and well-organized ventilation scheme in a wooden house will avoid many unpleasant problems.

No project of a private residential building is complete without ventilation system. And it's not just that. After all, the microclimate in your home and a comfortable stay in it will depend on it. That is why everything needs to be done in advance, for example, to think about which ventilation system will suit your home. After all, it is better to carry out a ventilation device at the construction stage, only in this case you will provide yourself and everyone living in the house with clean air and a favorable microclimate.

The ventilation system must be installed during the construction of the house.

So what is the ventilation in a house made of timber, built with your own hands?

Possible ventilation options

There are not as many options as we would like. But each of them has a number of advantages and disadvantages, so you need to make a choice only after carefully studying them. This is:

  • ventilation of natural origin;
  • forced ventilation, or supply and exhaust;
  • ventilation combined type(this option provides for a combination of natural ventilation with an exhaust hood).

As noted above, each of the above options has its positive and negative sides. Let's take an example. Your house is practically in a protected area, where healing clean air prevails. Tell me honestly, do you want to breathe artificially purified air in this case? Most probably not. So, coercion can be excluded. And vice versa, in the presence of a polluted atmosphere, at least at home, you want to breathe clean air. All these factors have an impact on the upcoming choice of ventilation system.

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Natural ventilation system

This type of ventilation will be most correct if only two conditions are met. The first is the presence outside the windows clean air. The second condition is the use of materials such as:

  • timber (or other wooden building material);
  • adobe;
  • brick;
  • building blocks (for example, gas block, cinder block, expanded clay block, and so on).

Please note that doors and windows modern production, as well as their installation currently do not allow air to enter the house from the street. To fix this, there are such designs with a built-in infiltrate. This device helps to adjust the ventilation. Basically, this is a hole necessary for the influx of fresh air. There is another option, its use allows the installation of valves for air inflow directly into the walls.

The ventilation system in a log house should be arranged in such a way that the air movement starts from the bedroom (living room) towards work areas, such as the kitchen and bathrooms. The most important thing is that there are no obstacles during the movement of air and it moves freely from the air supply to the exhaust. There should be no places in the house where air stagnation will occur. For these purposes, very often leave small gaps under interior doors. In addition, rooms can be equipped with special overflow grilles or additional ventilation openings can be equipped, which will be located between adjacent rooms.

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Combined ventilation device

The installation of an exhaust ventilation system in a log house as a supplement to natural ventilation is carried out only when there is a need, that is, in the case when the existing hood cannot effectively perform its functions.

Please note that this type of ventilation is recommended to be installed only in those rooms where polluted air prevails. For example, in the kitchen or bathrooms. In addition to these two, additional ventilation in the house can be installed in the boiler room. Ventilation of a house from a bar should be carried out taking into account the existing conditions. This will help you save money and get great results.

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Forced ventilation system

This type of ventilation, called supply and exhaust, most often has the function of additional air filtration. And its installation is recommended only in the following situations:

  1. When the air is heavily polluted and needs additional purification. This problem includes an atmosphere overloaded with content harmful impurities and just a bad smell.
  2. When building a house from such building materials, like expanded polystyrene concrete, sandwich panels and other types of panels, for example, MDM or vacuum. Construction of a house frame technology construction also requires the installation of this type of ventilation system.

Having studied all the conditions for the use of a particular ventilation system, you can easily make the right choice.

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Why is natural ventilation good?

It has been proven more than once in practice that the device of a natural ventilation system has a number of positive qualities. That is why, if natural ventilation suits you, then your choice must be made in its favor. Here are some positive points regarding the natural ventilation device:

  1. The financial costs of installing a ventilation system are significantly reduced.
  2. If the ventilation scheme is correct, then as a result of its design, you will be able to adjust the heat exchange throughout the house without exception, heating will be available even for rooms that do not have heating appliances. These include: corridor, stairs and so on.
  3. Access to fresh and clean air is provided to the premises that primarily need it. This is a bedroom, living room and other living quarters.
  4. All rooms that are important for family members have a favorable microclimate, since natural ventilation maintains an optimal humidity regime.

Basically, there are a lot of advantages to the natural ventilation system. If the conditions for the construction of your house allow you to fulfill it, then you should not choose any other option. Why? Told above.

Ventilation system country house should be designed depending on the building materials used to build the building, and taking into account the design features of your home. The rather favorable location of a country house away from the city with its gassed atmosphere saturated with particles of dust, dirt, waste from enterprises, etc. suggests that natural ventilation can be dispensed with, but this method is not suitable for every home. Let's look at the ventilation device in a wooden house, as well as how to make ventilation yourself.

Why do you need ventilation in a wooden house

Each person in the course of his life emits about 1 kg of carbon dioxide per day, and also evaporates about 1.5 kg of water. If you conduct an experiment and place a person in a room without ventilation, then after a while the air inside will become stale, its temperature and humidity will increase, and the person inside will experience discomfort due to a decrease in the level of oxygen in the air.

Ventilation in the house serves to remove air saturated with carbon dioxide, water vapor and various odors from the room, supplying air saturated with oxygen and having a fresh smell in return. According to scientists, normal indoor air circulation has a beneficial effect on human well-being, because thanks to it, the body is supplied with oxygen in the amount necessary for the full functioning of the circulatory system and brain.

If the ventilation in the house works flawlessly, then we don’t even notice it - it’s so natural. But any violations in its work are immediately noticeable: due to foreign objects that have fallen into the ventilation ducts, their permeability decreases, which affects the volume of incoming air. Further bad job ventilation systems can cause condensation on the windows and walls of the house, due to which fungus and mold can start in the corners and on the walls of the premises of the house.

Ventilation device

Previously, the ventilation system in residential buildings was mostly natural: air exchange was provided by air circulation through the cracks that formed in wooden doors and frames wooden windows, and also removed through the ventilation ducts, which were usually equipped in the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen. Such a ventilation device in the house provided a regular supply of fresh air: in the warm season, it was supplemented open windows and doors, but with the onset of cold weather, drafts caused a decrease in the temperature in the dwelling, which entailed an increase in the cost of heating the entire house.

Nowadays, installation plastic windows allows you to keep warm in the house, but their tightness completely deprives it of natural ventilation. To ensure normal air exchange in your home, you will have to take care of the arrangement of the ventilation system.

To ensure air circulation in country house The following types of ventilation systems are used:

  • Natural. Such a system is suitable for houses and cottages that are built "the old fashioned way" - without the use of plastic windows and special heaters that prevent infiltration (the penetration of outside air through leaks in window frames, walls and doors).
  • Exhaust. This system is widely used in conjunction with natural. In separate rooms (kitchen, bathroom, shower room), ventilation ducts are designed that will extract air in a natural way. To increase the flow, you can install small fans in the ducts, or place one fan on the roof.
  • Supply and exhaust. Air circulation occurs with the help of a supply and exhaust unit, which is installed taking into account the volume of ventilated rooms. Before installing such an installation, it is necessary to calculate the required power, which will depend on the volume of the premises, the number of residents in the house and the width of the ventilation ducts of the building.

The ventilation device in the house can be done independently or entrusted with this work to professionals.

Compared to their brick counterparts, wooden houses have higher infiltration. This is due to the fact that wood is better breathable than brick. However, additional ventilation in a wooden house is simply necessary - natural air circulation may not be enough to remove exhaust air and odors from the premises, and besides, this method of air exchange does not allow you to control heat loss during the cold season.

The most successful would be to use supply and exhaust system. During the design of a wooden house, it is necessary to provide for the places where the elements of the ventilation system will be laid (ducts for air outlet ducts, a place for placing a supply and exhaust unit, etc.) You should also pay attention to the ventilation of bathrooms and bathrooms, because due to poor air circulation from dampness can develop fungus.

How to make ventilation in the house

  1. How to make ventilation in the house? - this question is often asked by the owners country houses who installed plastic windows in the premises and felt the deterioration of air circulation. Most best option- this is the use of a supply and exhaust installation, which will provide forced air exchange in your home.
  2. If you have design skills and can calculate the required power of the installation, then it will not be difficult for you to make ventilation in the house. To provide comfortable temperature indoor air, we recommend using an air handling unit with heat recovery.
  3. To begin work on the installation of a ventilation system, one should study the building plan, which indicates the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach room. These data should be used to calculate the air exchange rate, which will affect the choice of ventilation unit depending on its performance.
  4. You will also need to purchase (in addition to installation) air ducts (made of galvanized steel or flexible), ventilation grilles, diffusers, fasteners, flow regulators, etc.

Ventilation scheme

The figure shows the ventilation scheme in houses where air handling units are used. The movement of air through the ducts can be traced by the arrows showing the direction of the air flows.

Any private house needs effective, well-equipped ventilation. This statement also applies to wooden residential buildings. We will figure out how to ensure a favorable microclimate in them without unnecessary financial costs, as well as extend the life of houses made of wood.

Houses made of wood - they breathe, why do they need ventilation?

Housing built of wood makes it possible to enjoy peace and comfort. In such buildings, the positive energy of mother nature is literally physically felt, they are filled with the aromas of the forest and freshness. Almost everyone has heard that wooden buildings are breathable. Often people are sure that this is enough to create an optimal microclimate in the house. And this, of course, is not true. The bottom line is that breathable dwellings built on modern technologies, cannot be named.

Any developer strives to create a house in which there are no drafts at all, and the heat is retained as long as possible. To achieve this goal, builders use various techniques, ranging from the installation of plastic windows that do not let air into the premises, and ending with the processing of all corners and joints of the building with special compounds and sealants. As a result of such actions, the house becomes like a tightly locked box. It is the most sealed. It is clear that under such conditions there is no need to talk about any breathing of wood.

If the building does not receive a constant flow of air, its stagnation is observed. It becomes difficult to breathe in the house, as its microclimate leaves much to be desired. Stale air causes the appearance of various microorganisms, the development of allergic manifestations in households. People feel worse in general health. You can't put up with this. Don't rely on breathable wood. There is only one way out - to organize effective ventilation of your home. Such work can be entrusted to specialists. But it is better to do everything on your own. This business, believe me, is not so difficult, if you understand the main features of the arrangement of various ventilation systems.

Design and norms of air exchange

In the houses of interest to us, the arrangement of forced, natural, supply ventilation. The latter type of systems can be organized using recuperation (heating of incoming air) or without it. We will describe in detail all these ventilation options and give helpful tips for their self-assembly. But first, let's deal with the basic rules for designing such systems.

Ideally, all ventilation parameters should be calculated by specialists. Using special tools, they set the intensity of movement of air flows around the house, and also take into account:

  • the number of people permanently residing in the building;
  • geometric parameters of the premises, including the bathroom, basement, bathroom;
  • features of each room.

Based on the data obtained, the required air exchange rate is calculated for each room and the house as a whole. And this already allows you to accurately calculate the performance of the entire system and its individual parts.

If the calculation is made independently, you should know that there are norms for optimal air exchange. They are stipulated in SNiP. They must be followed strictly. Only in this case, the ventilation constructed in a wooden house will provide a comfortable microclimate in it. The air exchange rates for different rooms are given below:

  • toilet - 30 cubic meters per hour;
  • kitchen - 50 (if the room is equipped with an electric stove) and 70 (gas stove);
  • utility rooms - 15;
  • living rooms - 30;
  • bathroom - 50.

After determining all the necessary technical parameters of the system, you can begin to draw up a diagram for laying air ducts, installing ventilation ducts, and installing special equipment.

Natural ventilation - not always effective, but simple

A natural system is the simplest option for arranging ventilation. Such work can be done by any home master. With natural ventilation, the movement of air flows occurs due to the fact that the heated air rushes up. Its movement is organized along specially constructed vertical channels. It is advisable to cover the latter with plugs or equip them with valves that will allow, if necessary, to adjust the intensity of air exchange.

Activities for the organization of natural ventilation always start from the basement. Air from the street should get into it first. During the construction of the foundation, vents are made in it - small openings in size. As a rule, they settle down under each wall of the house. Air vents cannot cope with providing fresh air to the building on their own. Therefore, an additional supply channel should be equipped at the basement level. Experts advise doing it on the north wall. There is a constant cool wind on it, which significantly improves the draft of the entire ventilation system.

If the wood house is small, it is enough to organize only one supply channel. For large buildings, you can make several of them. But this is optional. It is not difficult to achieve high-quality air circulation in another way - by leaving 1.5–2 cm gaps under all interior doors in the dwelling without exception. It is through them that fresh streams will diverge throughout the house.

We will install exhaust ducts under the ceilings of all rooms. Through them, the exhaust air will be forced out. We equip the outlets of these channels as high as possible above the roof line of a wooden house. And we cover the openings inside the rooms with decorative lattices. The choice of such products is huge. It will be easy to choose suitable grilles for the interior of the room.

In each room and utility room, a separate ventilation duct should be organized.

Some craftsmen make only one hole in the roof. They pass the only channel into it and believe that they did everything right. At the first strong wind such kulibins will understand how wrong they were. Backdraft can form in the canal during bad weather. This will lead to the fact that the "aromas" from the bathroom will penetrate into all rooms without exception (there is only one shaft). A couple of days of living in such a house will force the experimenter to redo the entire system as needed, and not as desired.

Ventilation shafts in large wooden houses are usually made of bricks. In more modest-sized dwellings, it is allowed to mount channels from prefabricated plastic or steel blocks. Trouble with them at least. And most importantly, they have a smooth inner surface, which contributes to good traction.

Natural ventilation does not function well in the summer. This is due to the lack of traction in the channels (the temperatures at their upper and lower points will be the same). In such situations, you will often have to open the doors and windows in the home and ventilate it. One more moment. If the house has an attic (residential), it will also have to organize ventilation according to the scheme we have already described.

How to improve a conventional ventilation system?

If natural ventilation does not provide a high-quality microclimate in the home, the problem can be solved with minimal cost funds. It is enough to install fans powered by the mains on the ventilation ducts. They significantly increase the power potential of the hood and make the atmosphere in the house fresh and pleasant. Fans are most often mounted:

  • in toilets;
  • bathrooms.

Installation electrical appliance we carry out directly at the mouth of the exhaust shaft. Recommended for light switch. In this case, the device will start when the lamp is turned on and turn off when the lamp is turned off.

The fan is selected strictly according to the cross section of the channel. We pay attention to its power. If it is insufficient, the benefit from the fan will turn out to be zero, it will have to be changed. In some cases, in addition, it is necessary to buy and install another fan, which will force air from the street into the mine.

Supply ventilation - if you want to make everything perfect

An extractor hood equipped with a fan, natural ventilation are economical options for air exchange systems. They are easy to install and do not require, in fact, any regular maintenance. But their effectiveness usually leaves much to be desired. Truly high-quality ventilation of wooden houses is guaranteed only supply and exhaust ventilation.It performs several important functions:

  1. 1. Sends fresh air into the premises.
  2. 2. Removes polluted (exhaust) air from the house.
  3. 3. Performs heating of the air mass entering the dwelling.
  4. 4. Cleans the stream coming from the street from dust and additionally filters it.

Supply ventilation guarantees optimal air exchange in all areas of the house, from the attic to the foundation. It consists of several separate elements. The air flow is provided by a special fan (it is called a duct), heating is provided by an electric heater. Vibrations that occur during the operation of the equipment are suppressed by a noise suppressor. Warm and dry air entering the house in the summer is saturated with moisture humidifier. Also, the system necessarily has filters that trap dust, preventing it from entering the home.

It is most convenient to purchase a ready-made set of supply and exhaust equipment. These kits are produced by different manufacturers. Their products are distinguished by both quality and price. Consultants of the store where you make the purchase of equipment will help you choose the right kit. Experts advise buying air handling units equipped with automatic devices for controlling and monitoring the operation of the system. They cost more than conventional systems. But on the other hand, they are completely safe in operation, which is very important for a wooden house, which has a relatively low level of fire safety.

The scheme and rules for laying a particular set are indicated in the instructions for it. When arranging the ventilation system, we simply follow the provisions of the manual for the installation of equipment. Serious problems should not arise. They will definitely not be, if we take into account the following recommendations:

  1. 1. We mount the air ducts under the ceiling surface, hide them in the ceilings so as not to spoil the interior of the room.
  2. 2. Install the units included in the air exchange system at a slight elevation. This will protect the floors from the risk of fire and strong vibrations.
  3. 3. The supply system is assembled using plastic or metal air ducts. Between themselves, their individual sections can be connected using corrugated flexible pipes. Important! We use air ducts of the same section. It is forbidden to use products of different diameters. In the areas of their joints, strong air deceleration will be observed. This will reduce traction.
  4. 4. We equip the exit for polluted air on the roof, and the shaft for the intake of fresh air flow - in the pediment of the residential building.

And the last. The layout of the air ducts must be drawn up correctly. We must ensure that the distance between the mounted in the attic ventilation unit and in places the air exhaust in each room was minimal. In this case, the system will function efficiently and flawlessly.

Checking the operation of the system - what have we built?

After completing all installation work and connecting electrical equipment, if any, is provided in the system, you need to check its quality. An anemometer, a special measuring device, will give an accurate result. It is clear that a simple home craftsman does not have such a tool. No problem. We use improvised means.

Open the window in the window or the supply channel. We take a small strip of paper napkin (the thinner it is, the better). We bring this piece to the exhaust opening (to the decorative grille). If the paper strip starts to reach for the mouth of the ventilation shaft, we did everything right. The system is functioning normally. Some people use a lit candle to test. This technique is valid only for the analysis of new ventilation systems. If you bring a candle to an old mine, in which a lot of cobwebs and dust have accumulated over the years of operation, there is a high probability of the channel igniting. It's better not to risk it.

Finally, we add that it is necessary to constantly monitor the effectiveness of the functioning of ventilation. No special knowledge is required here. We just look to see if the walls in a wooden house are damp, if mold appears in its corners, if condensation forms on the windows in autumn and winter. If we notice at least one of these phenomena, we immediately perform preventive cleaning of the system. Subject to this simple condition ventilation in the home will work for decades, giving all households an excellent microclimate and an optimistic attitude towards life.