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Organization of lighting in the apartment. Lighting in the apartment, advice. Corridor and hallway

In every house, the thing that unites absolutely all rooms, but does not equalize each other, is lighting. Without lighting fixtures in the modern world it is no longer enough, because we do a lot of things around the house in the evening, when there can no longer be any talk of natural lighting.

With the help of light sources in the house, you can create any atmosphere: from festive to romantic. And in this matter, there are certain subtleties in the design of lighting for each room in the apartment. You will learn about this and much more from our article.

Design options

Room lighting option

With the help of light, you can unrecognizably change the accents of any room in the apartment. In this case, you can use different approaches and design solutions. For example, modern lighting in the home is increasingly focused on highlighting a specific area of ​​the room. This method is actively used today for zoning rooms.
In a modern apartment, lighting design and lighting can be designed in four versions:

  • general or background lighting. In this situation, the central lamp, for example, a chandelier, acts as a lighting device. Here the light is diffused;
  • local or local lighting. This method of illumination allows you to create additional illumination of a specific area. Interior objects act as an object of illumination in this situation;
  • work lighting. With the help of such illumination it is possible to illuminate workplace. A feature of such lighting devices is a bright directional light. The human eye will act as the object of orientation here. This approach is most often found in the kitchen;
  • decorative lighting. Used as local illumination decorative elements interior (vases, sculptures, niches, etc.).

To create lighting in the house, you can use the following types of lighting fixtures:

  • chandelier. Always acts as a central light source. In a modern apartment, this lamp is increasingly being abandoned;
  • Spotlights. It is they who have recently acted as a replacement for the chandelier. They can play the role of both main lighting and additional. Very often used in combination with LED strips;
  • LED Strip Light. An excellent light source for creating hidden illumination. It is especially common in stretch and plasterboard ceilings.

Ceiling lighting

In addition, neon lamps, duralight, etc. can act as lighting fixtures. But these lamps at home are much less common than the above types.
In one room, you can use either one of the lighting options or a combination of several options. It all depends on what purpose each particular room in the house has, and what you most often do in it.

Illumination standards

Not everyone knows that each individual room in an apartment has its own lighting standards. It is on how well the lighting standards are implemented that your comfortable stay at home will depend.
In the norms given in the regulatory documents on lighting (SNiP), the following parameters are taken as the basis for calculations:

  • luminous flux power;
  • the number of lamps in the room;
  • the area of ​​the illuminated room.

Illumination table

It is on the basis of these criteria that the illumination standards are calculated for each room in the apartment indicated in the table above.

Note! Experts on the subject have general rule on the organization of the level of light fluxes in the apartment. According to this rule, lighting devices with a total power of 60-75 kW should be used for every 5 m 2.

Using this simple formula, you can independently calculate the required level of illumination for each room available in the apartment.
In addition, there are some recommendations that can simplify these calculations:

  • for one-room apartment, which has an area of ​​​​30-40 m2, you need to use no more than 8 lighting fixtures;
  • for two-room apartment this indicator should be increased to 9 fixtures;
  • in three- and four-room apartments, as many as 11 lighting fixtures should be installed.

Sources of light

Lighting in a modern apartment can be organized by various types of light bulbs that act as a light source. At the moment, the following types of lamps are used:

  • incandescent lamps;
  • fluorescent lamps;
  • light cords "duralight";
  • LEDs;
  • metal halide and halogen bulbs;
  • optical fibres.

Bulb types

Each of the above options for light sources has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, incandescent lamps began to appear less and less in modern houses. This is due to the popularity of rationalization and saving trends in many areas of human activity, and their electricity consumption remains at a fairly high level, in contrast to more modern light sources. Therefore, even despite the positive characteristics of the luminous flux, incandescent lamps are gradually becoming a thing of the past.
The most popular options for decorating light in an apartment are energy-saving lamps. Of these, it is worth highlighting the LED and fluorescent options. They often occupy a place in modern lighting fixtures.
Fluorescent bulbs in some respects lose LED counterparts. Their loss is based on such negative points:

LED lamp

  • create a hum during operation;
  • the emitted light has a bluish glow, and it is not very comfortable for the human eye;
  • the need to use additional devices for connection;
  • the presence of a flickering effect;
  • certain harm to human health.

All these shortcomings are almost completely absent in LED light bulbs.

Such light sources are recognized as the most energy efficient lamps with a long service life during continuous operation. In addition, they study the light of a different spectrum, which simplifies their selection for a specific room in the apartment. The LED lamp is great for creating general, local and work lighting.
In turn, metal halide and halogen light sources, due to the creation of a narrow beam of light, in modern apartments used as zoned or decorative lighting. Duralight is also more suitable for decorative lighting of any room in the house.

Design rules

The design that is used today in modern houses and apartments is aimed at a certain degree of sophistication. Moreover, any element of the interior acquires pretentiousness and volume when complemented by its illumination. In the modern world, lighting has ceased to play a purely practical and functional role, but has entered the interior and has become an integral part of it.

Interior and lighting

The backlight in this case acts as an effective tool for correcting the unsuccessful geometry of the room, as well as visually shifting aspects to more advantageous interior elements.
When using any light sources in the design plan, you must remember the following nuances:

  • bright light can visually expand the space available in the room. Thus, with just a couple of lamps, you can expand the space even in a small room without resorting to minimizing furniture;
  • you can increase the effect of expanding space by using reflective materials when decorating walls and ceilings;
  • if there is a need to visually reduce the space, then it should be darkened using less bright light sources and dark color schemes in decoration;
  • a visual increase in the height of the walls will occur when the light is directed upwards with the help of a reflector;
  • a visual reduction in the height of the walls can be achieved by using floor lampshades that form local shadows in the room.

But remember that the main aspect that will allow you to create a complete ensemble of furniture, lighting and decoration in any room of a house or apartment is a harmonious combination of all parts of the composition.

Harmony in everything

Indeed, when decorating the interior of a house, remember that everything should complement and flow one into another. In order not to cause disharmony, for each room it is necessary to choose one style in design or combine complementary interiors. And the meeting in this situation can serve as the element that will unite all the objects and styles of decoration into a single whole.

Harmonious combination

Separately, it is worth adding that all the above-mentioned nuances of designing the level of light for each specific room must be taken into account. Only a slight deviation from the norm up or down is allowed. If you move away from accepted norms far away, then even in a beautifully designed interior it will be uncomfortable and unpleasant for a long time.
You can slightly increase the number of light bulbs and lighting fixtures in those rooms that are visited most often. But where you visit least often, you can install a smaller number of light bulbs and fixtures. So you can save more without compromising your comfort.

Conclusion

From the foregoing, it can be concluded that the approach to design interior in the house should be thought out in all directions. Modern lighting in the apartment should create comfortable conditions for rest and work, as well as a pleasant pastime with the family. With just a couple of lamps, you can visually change the perception of space in a room, making it deeper and more expressive. But everything should remain within the existing standards for illumination.


Making an original bio-fireplace on your own

Carefully thought-out lighting design should not only transform the interior, but ensure the comfort and health of the inhabitants of the house. At the stage of creating a project, a variety of nuances are taken into account.

Types of lighting and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

The intensity of natural light is directly related to the time of day, depending on the time of year, geographic location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light is the most optimal, from the point of view of physiology and vital activity. But it is not enough for full functioning. That is why such serious attention is paid to the planning of artificially created additional lighting. It includes incandescent, fluorescent and LED devices.

The main options for artificial lighting:

  • general;
  • accented;
  • working;
  • combined.

General lighting

This is the most common type, without which no room can do. The light comes from above and spreads evenly throughout the room. The most striking example is the chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not produce a light figure with sharp edges that can be clearly seen on the floor or on the wall.

General lighting can be divided into:

  • directional is the most common option. It is characterized by the creation of a single light spot. It can be organized using open lamps in the form of a cone, hemisphere, truncated ball, cube, trapezoid, cylinder, rectangle;
  • indirect - formed by reflecting light from walls or ceilings;
  • diffused - light is scattered through frosted glass or a paper lampshade of a spherical shape. It does not strain the eyes and is the most comfortable for a person. The beams spread evenly at an angle up to 360 degrees. This is due to the use of opaque closed shades;
  • mixed - is formed due to the special shape of translucent lamps with an open top and bottom. These modern models are increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow comes from all sides - it breaks through the walls, is reflected from the ceiling and walls, falls from above with a direct light spot. This way of filling the space with light is the most productive.

accent lighting

Accent or local lighting is used to highlight certain areas. Its main function is to draw attention to individual objects or areas in the room. It can carry a purely decorative load - highlighting a painting, sculpture, or have a practical meaning. With the help of point inclusions, we can safely move up the stairs, navigate in a dark closet, look for the necessary items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with space, snatching this or that zone out of the darkness, giving them the main value depending on their use. During dinner, the dining room is illuminated. Then we move to the sofa to read in silence or, on the contrary, chat with the household. In multifunctional premises, for example, in one-room apartments or studios, this method of illumination is simply necessary. It allows you to go about your business without interfering with each other. To create accents, use floor lamps, table lamps, ceiling pendants, sconces, spotlights, LED strip.

There are three types of accent lighting:

  • sharp - the formation of a bright spot with clearly defined edges. The light does not scatter, the space outside the beam is immersed in darkness. This technique is used in the theater when only a small area is allocated where the action takes place. It is often used to focus attention on an object. It is suitable for emphasizing the beauty of collectible items in glass showcases, highlighting expressive architectural elements - columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam can be directed up, down or directly at the object at an angle of 30 degrees;
  • softened - created with the help of lamps equipped with a power regulator. Allows you to effectively, but unobtrusively highlight the necessary details. Obvious pluses - achieving a less dramatic atmosphere and saving electricity;
  • soft - organized to focus attention on objects that are harmful to bright light - paintings and other art objects. It is formed with the help of matte lampshades placed above the object.

Work lighting

Good lighting is essential for efficient and safe work. In conditions of light deficiency, the load on vision increases, which can lead to its decrease. Due to constant tension, not only the eyes get tired, but the fatigue of the body as a whole increases. A person is not able to work long and productively in the twilight. The effectiveness and complexity of activities such as drawing, knitting, jewelry making, sewing, reading, writing, cooking directly depends on the quality of lighting and its direction. The general light falls from above, so a shadow is created on the workspace. It is necessary to equip this area with special directional sources - a table lamp, wall lamp, floor lamp, point rotary devices. It is better not to use luminescent options in these areas, as they often blink and distort colors, and this negatively affects vision. Halogen devices are much better received, but they are not economical enough. So the best choice- LED designs that produce a pleasant glow for the eyes and consume many times less electricity.

Combined lighting

The essence of this option is a combination of the methods described above. The project of any interior certainly contains a combination various types lighting. In some rooms, the general dominates, in others the accent. For example, in the living room, luxurious or laconic multi-track chandeliers play a central role. And in an office or bedroom, bright general light is not so important, but here you can not do without a good table lamp or bra. Light is one of the most popular tools for zoning rooms. In the children's room, in addition to the general ones, local devices are needed in the work and play area. In the kitchen, above the dining table and above the cooking surface. In the bathroom and hallway - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mirror or decorative niche. Combination different options can be observed in any room, but it acquires special significance in a multifunctional one. In living rooms combined with a bedroom, kitchen or dining room, it is especially important to provide for the possibility of various lighting scenarios.

Rules and Regulations

The use of artificial lighting caused the need to develop clear requirements for its parameters. The well-being of a person, his emotional mood, the ability to work efficiently, and the preservation of good vision depend on how competently it is organized. Therefore, for various premises, their own specific standards are established. It is easy to guess that for the office and the closet their values ​​will not be the same. The main document that you need to focus on when calculating the number and power of appliances in the apartment is SNiP 23-05-95. It regulates natural and artificial lighting of residential, educational, commercial, industrial premises, as well as squares, parks, streets, squares.

The unit of measure for illuminance is Lux - 1 lumen per square meter. m. The norm depends on the purpose of the premises. For example, for a living room, bedroom or dining room, 150 Lx is enough. In the nursery, it is necessary to provide 200 Lx, in the bathroom or kitchen already 250, and in the office all 300. In the hallway, pantry, in the attic or in the basement, 50-60 Lx will be required.

About light sources

Natural sources include the sun's rays, the glow of stars, the aurora borealis, moonlight. Artificial resources are also fire: a fire, torches, candles, and gas lamps, and electric lamps. The latter are divided into several types:

  • incandescent lamps - contain an incandescent body, which produces a glow. A spiral of tungsten or carbon filament is placed in the structure. Then a vacuum is created in the flask. This prevents oxidation of the metal. At the moment of closing the electrical circuit, heating occurs, due to which the filament element begins to glow. The advantages of such lamps are that they withstand temperature extremes well. They will work without problems in a cold corridor or a hot bath. The disadvantage of such lamps is that they consume a lot of energy and produce a large number of heat;
  • halogen - their difference from the previous ones is that the flask is filled with halogen vapors. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas allows you to significantly increase the temperature of the spiral and extend the period of operation. Like conventional incandescent lamps, halogen sources use a large amount of energy to heat up. Another disadvantage is the dependence on power surges;
  • luminescent - flasks with a special coating applied from the inside. It emits light due to the constant combustion of the vapors contained in the flask. Compared to conventional lamps, the life of these devices is much longer. The obvious plus is economy. Lamps consume 5-7 times less electricity than halogen ones. The disadvantages include the complexity of use - the need to use additional devices - a trigger mechanism, a starter. There are other disadvantages - flicker and sensitivity to low temperatures, air currents and environmental humidity;
  • energy-saving - a subspecies of fluorescent lamps. To the listed qualities of sources of this type, a spiral shape and the presence of a standard base are added. Thanks to this, the lamps can be used in ordinary chandeliers and lamps without any additional structures;
  • LED - revolutionary devices based on the use of LEDs. Unlike their predecessors, they do not heat up and do not flicker, and they also tolerate the effects of the environment and power surges well. The high cost of devices is more than compensated by a long service life and an unsurpassed low consumption of resources.

Natural light and how to regulate it

Direct exposure to natural light can bring some discomfort. Reflected from mirrored and glossy surfaces, harsh sunlight irritates the eyesight. In addition, they heat the room too much, and this is not always desirable, especially in summer. Therefore, there are various ways to protect against the penetration of daylight and regulate its amount.
Traditionally, a variety of curtains and tulle are used for this purpose. The choice of material depends on the needs of the owners of the premises. You can choose light transparent curtains that only slightly adjust the illumination. Or blind curtains that create absolute darkness in the room even in the daytime. Blinds are used as light regulators, roller blinds. There is a more radical solution - to install double-glazed windows with a special coating to reflect the sun's rays. This is especially true for skylights. attic floor. And for those who do not have the opportunity to change the glass, there are a lot of offers for self-adhesive tint film.

If there is not enough light, it can be "caught" with:

  • window extensions;
  • introducing reflective surfaces, light finishes and furniture into the interior;
  • removal of trees and bushes covering windows.

About lamps and their placement

A harmonious lighting scenario is created, starting from the characteristics of the room, the direction of design. Properly selected accents allow you to visually change the space, correct its shortcomings and emphasize its advantages.

The "queen" of lighting design is still the chandelier. In a large room with high ceilings, massive structures on a long suspension are used. Low ceilings are an excuse to shorten the length of the cord or chain and direct the rays upward, creating the illusion of raised vaults. Spotlights can be an addition to the "main decoration" of the living room or act as a "base" in the hallway or bathroom. Sconces, spots, floor lamps, table lamps - serve as a highly specialized addition to the main light. Each of them has its own specific responsibilities - lighting the workspace, places to relax, read, cook or eat. LED panels, cords, fiber are great tools for decorating a two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords mounted in drywall niches can be multi-colored. In order to change the color, you just need to press a button on the remote control. With the help of LEDs, a variety of patterns are created that look stunning at night.

Does lighting have style?

To answer this question, you need to carefully look at the devices that help light fill the room. The style directly depends on the characteristics of the lamps - shape, color, materials of manufacture. AT classic interiors chandeliers and sconces with crystal pendants are welcome. Chrome-plated devices reign in modern ones. Pop art is filled with bright, sometimes awkward plafonds. Interior country house in the style of Provence, textile lampshades will “warm up”. Loft is unthinkable without industrial spotlights, track systems and spots. Country add rustic flavor forged or wooden structures. Art Nouveau is made even more spectacular by intricate lines and shapes. The chosen style affects the number of light sources, their power and placement.

Room lighting design

Proper organization of lighting is one of the primary design tasks. This is the most important component of the comfort and coziness of your home. Each room has its own rules for the selection and installation of certain devices. Light should emphasize the advantages of the chosen design, create a certain atmosphere.

Hallway and corridor

The hallway is usually devoid of sunlight. The use of artificial sources allows you to turn a gloomy corridor into a bright, attractive reception room. Bulky appliances are useless here - why “eat up” an already small space. In addition, it is not safe to use volumetric chandeliers and floor lamps in a cramped room. It is more expedient to place a ceiling spotlight here, and hang a sconce on the wall near the mirror. The LED lighting of the cabinet or decorative niches, as well as the mirror wall, will enhance the illumination.

Living room

In the living room, the situation is reversed. Here, a volumetric chandelier is more than appropriate. Since this is a common room, you need to provide for various lighting scenarios. A sconce over an armchair, a floor lamp by the sofa, an LED fiber device on a coffee table will fit perfectly into the interior. LED decoration with various programs will help you relax on a weekday and decorate a festive party.

Bedroom

The traditional design of the bedroom provides for the presence of overhead light - chandeliers or built-in suspended ceiling devices, lamps in the area of ​​bedside tables and dressing table. In addition, they use LED lighting for niches, cabinets, and the outline of the bed. Theatrical mirrors, paintings with built-in lamps give the room a special chic.

Light is capable of transforming the same room beyond recognition, creating a mood in it from the romantic soft twilight of a ladies' boudoir to the dazzling light of an operating room, sharp as a surgeon's scalpel. This phenomenon is actively used in the theater by light artists who, with the help of lighting, change the atmosphere of the stage without changing the scenery. Successful lighting of an apartment can turn it into a fairy-tale palace, and unsuccessful lighting can ruthlessly expose its shortcomings. So, as in the story of Zoshchenko, the inhabitants of a communal apartment, with a newly installed electric light, discovered the wretchedness of their monastery, which was always hidden by dark corners. Gone are the days when the choice of light sources began with a single chandelier on the ceiling and ended with a floor lamp by the chair and a table lamp on the desk, today everyone can turn an apartment into a wonderful theater of light and shadow with the help of light. And if you are intent on creating your own apartment lighting, get acquainted with the design secrets in this area that create wonders.

For lighting in modern interiors living quarters, the following lighting devices are used:

  • incandescent lamps;
  • fluorescent lamps;
  • halogen and metal halide light sources;
  • LEDs;
  • light cords "duralight";
  • optical fibres.

The spectrum of incandescent lamps is the most comfortable for vision, but they only use about 10% of their power to create light, and the rest is converted into thermal energy. Therefore, in a room with too many incandescent bulbs, it will always be hot and stuffy, like in a photo studio or a television studio.

Fluorescent lamps do not get hot, but until recently they were reluctant to use for residential lighting due to the uncomfortable bluish-white light, unpleasant hum and the need for additional starters to connect. The current generation of energy-saving fluorescent lamps is free from these shortcomings and they can be used instead of incandescent lamps.

Halogen and metal halide luminaires emit a rather narrow directional beam of light, and therefore are more suitable for illuminating individual areas or lighting. key elements interior - paintings, sculptural groups, columns, niches, etc.

The use of decorative light sources to highlight key elements of the interior - paintings

LEDs are durable, do not heat up, they are very a wide range no infrared and ultraviolet radiation harmful to human health. The durability of LEDs is 80 times longer than that of incandescent lamps. But the light output of LEDs is not so great as to be used as independent light sources, and therefore they are used more often in the interior for decorative lighting or as a night lamp. Light cords "duralight" are decorative light sources based on LEDs, widely used for lighting design of interior elements or in outdoor street lighting.

Optical fibers emit light only from the ends, but by removing them at great distances from the main light source and using special attachments, you can create magical fantastic lighting effects.

Rules and secrets of lighting design

Architects and designers have long used lighting in the interior of an apartment or house as an effective tool for visual correction of unsuccessful room geometry.

One of chief rules design lies in the fact that bright light visually expands the space if reflective materials are used in the decoration of the walls and ceiling. If you want to visually reduce too large a room, then the surfaces are shaded.

Thanks to the shading of the ceiling and the well-placed local lighting, the oversized living room looks compact and cozy.

Luminaires with reflectors pointing upwards visually "raise" too low ceilings. Too high a ceiling will appear lower if it is shaded with lampshades pointing down light sources.

A competent apartment lighting design must necessarily harmoniously combine a general lighting source, for example, a main chandelier on the ceiling, and spotlights for local lighting. At the same time, it is very important that the lighting control in the apartment in this case ensures the independent operation of each type or group of lamps.

Competent lighting design of the apartment should harmoniously combine the source of general lighting and spot local

The general lighting of the room can be a little muffled, because its purpose is to provide free orientation in the room and easy communication of the inhabitants. The role of the local brighter light is the lighting of workplaces, which include a secretary or a desk, a working area in the kitchen, as well as dinner table in the dining room or living room.

In the bedroom, it is better to make the general light diffuse, slightly lowering the height of the ceiling, and for the mirror and bedside tables, provide brighter lamps or lamps. If in the interior of a large house the listed rules for the use of light are advisory in nature, then the lighting of a one-room apartment is often the only tool for zoning a not too large space, which simultaneously functions as a living room, study, bedroom and even dining room.

Competent lighting as a zoning tool and visual magnification small studio apartment

In the bathroom, the dressing mirror is usually illuminated with additional lamps, and spot halogen lamps play the role of general lighting. But the lighting of the corridor in the apartment must be planned in such a way that it is always possible to turn on a bright general light when you need to get dressed, put on shoes, fix your makeup.

Thanks to the harmony of the interior design and proper lighting of the small ones, the corridor looks like a spacious hall.

In addition to the utilitarian role, the hallway also performs a presentable function. business card apartments and narrow corridor did not resemble the dungeon of a medieval castle, using light, it can be visually expanded and enlarged. Finally, the corridor lighting should be in harmony with the lighting of adjacent rooms: if the living room is brightly lit, then bright overhead light is turned on in the hallway and dimmed if it is twilight in the next room. All these tasks are solved by local lamps.

There are no universal recipes for working with light, everyone chooses the concept of design and lighting for their own home, but in order to avoid mistakes, it doesn’t hurt anyone to look through illustrated magazines and see how professionals create lighting in an apartment: photos, sketches, illustrations for projects.

In an interior design project, an apartment lighting project is usually performed as an independent section, taking into account the layout of the rooms, the configuration of the ceiling, the boundaries of the floor and ceiling finishing materials, the location of furniture and stationary elements.

Based on the plans for ceilings and floors, they develop a lighting plan for the apartment, marking on it the types and locations of lighting fixtures, sockets and switches, both ceiling and wall - the so-called lighting scenario.

Norms of power and number of lamps

One of the main conditions for comfortable lighting of a living space is the correct ratio of power, the number of lighting fixtures and the illuminated area. Lighting experts recommend using for every 5 sq.m. lighting fixtures with a total power of 60-75 kW.

Thus, you can independently calculate the optimal number of lamps for lighting each room in your apartment or use the following recommendations:

  • for a one-room apartment of 30-40 sq.m, no more than eight lamps are required, for example, three ceiling lamps, a chandelier, two sconces, a floor lamp, a table lamp;
  • for a two-room apartment, the optimal set of nine lamps can be represented by the following devices: two chandeliers, three ceiling lamps, a floor lamp, a table lamp and two sconces;
  • for a three-room apartment, eleven lamps will be required - you can add a chandelier and a sconce to the set of appliances for a two-room apartment;
  • for a four-room apartment, eleven lamps are needed: the previous set can be supplemented with one ceiling lamp and another table lamp.

Apartment lighting scheme

In accordance with the plan, a detailed apartment lighting scheme is developed, taking into account the connection diagrams for each device, their groups, as well as lighting control devices.

Chandelier control scheme

The drawing takes into account the type of each switch, indicating the number of keys and the arrows indicate for which lighting device or group of devices it is intended. For too large rooms or long corridors, you can provide duplicate switches for the same device by installing them at different points in the room. All wall and ceiling lighting devices in the diagram should be tied with the appropriate designations to the wall or the nearest opening, door or window.

In the same way, with reference to the nearest walls or openings, they place on the diagram the locations of sockets, switches and other devices involved in the lighting system.

Video tutorial on design rules

With the finished project in hand, you can proceed with the installation of wiring and lighting fixtures and, finally, embody the results of the designer's painstaking work in the material. But as a reward, your Cinderella apartment will turn into a beautiful princess and life around will sparkle with new fantastic colors.

The beauty and comfort of the interior largely depends on its proper lighting. Any design project begins with the stage of choosing lighting fixtures and working out their location, since it will be difficult to fix these details during the design of the apartment.

The concept of "light design" is much more complex and multifaceted than it might seem at first glance. He should put in a favorable light the dignity of the room and hide its shortcomings, make it cozy and comfortable, emphasize the individuality of the owner.

Lighting design is usually divided into three components, each of which plays a special role in creating a stylish and harmonious interior lighting.

  • The overall design is the background from which you should start when working out the location of other light sources.
  • Light architecture is divided into internal, external and interior. Defines the overall style, makes the lighting design more individual and expressive.
  • Light design - everything that can be interchanged and moved. The most plastic element of lighting, expressing the individuality of the owner.

Usually a competent project includes all three elements, because only their skillful combination can create an interesting and stylish interior.

Beautiful design depends a lot on lighting.

Think carefully about lighting design

With the help of light, you can highlight or hide interior elements

There are several types of lighting, each of which has its own functions and implementation rules:

Properly selected lighting can change the interior beyond recognition

There are several types of lighting

The effect of lighting on the emotional state

The choice of luminaires depends not only appearance your apartment, but also the mental and emotional state of its inhabitants. Scientists have found that the lighting that affects us has many properties that can be both beneficial and harmful.

    Yellow light is a classic option that people are unlikely to ever give up. This color creates an atmosphere of comfort and is good for the eyes.

    Due to white lighting, a person's working capacity is increased. But with too high sharpness of such light, rapid fatigue occurs.

    Red energizes and vivacity, increases blood pressure.

    Orange color provokes an improvement in appetite and an increase in heart rate.

    The blue radiance has a relaxing effect, and the pressure decreases.

    Green lighting is used in bedrooms and children's rooms. It is soothing and relaxing, as well as very comfortable for the eyes.

    Purple and blue light is not used for residential and long stay rooms. These colors are depressing and irritating.

Blue light helps you relax

Each color has its own effect on a person.

Emotional state can depend on lighting

How to regulate natural light

When passing through glass and reflecting from mirrors, natural light becomes too hard and harsh. You can smooth out this light effect with the help of translucent and openwork barriers - tulle and organza. By diffusing light, they make natural lighting smooth and comfortable.

Another way to control the light flux pouring from windows is vertical blinds. They make it less rigid, and at a certain turn they give it the necessary direction. With their help, the level of illumination of the room is regulated with just a few hand movements.

Light can highlight the necessary objects in the interior

In some cases, you can do without natural light.

Principles of artificial lighting

The illumination of any space is subject to many sanitary and hygienic requirements, determined by various GOSTs and standards. You can study them for a long time and hard, but it will be more convenient to get acquainted only with the most important of them.

All values ​​in this table are only a necessary minimum, no norms establish upper limit values.

The concepts of KEO and UGR are not familiar to every reader. Let's try to figure out what it is and how they differ from each other.

In the bedroom, you can do without strong light sources. A few lights will suffice.

For each design, lighting should be selected individually.

There are certain rules for lighting different rooms

KEO

The coefficient of daylight is the ratio of natural light to the total. The parameter determines the proportion of natural light entering the space of the room. Let's take a simple example.

Suppose we measured the illumination in the middle of the living room, and it was 300 lux. Let's go out to the open balcony adjacent to this room, and measure the level of illumination there. Let's say it was 500 lux. Then KEO will be calculated as 300/500=0.6. Comparing this indicator with the table value, we conclude that the light corresponds to the norm.

UGR

The Discomfort Coefficient is defined by international standards and serves as a measure of light hardness. It is measured in the range from 1 to 100 and is determined by the polarization, coherence and spectrum of the light flux.

talking in simple terms, this value shows how soft and favorable the light in the room is for the human eye.

Lighting can highlight some items in the interior

If the room has a lot of natural light, you can get by with a chandelier.

Fundamental rules

Having dealt with the norms, it is worth talking about the basic rules that are no longer responsible for the absence of harm to human health, but for the harmonious aesthetic design of the interior.

    Lighting design must be coordinated with the color of the interior.

    The flow of light visually stretches the room, lengthening it in the direction of its direction.

    Bright rooms illuminate evenly, made in dark colors- each zone separately.

    In the working area, the ideal light is white.

    Light objects are best illuminated with colored light, and for bright details choose bright local lighting.

    Saturated shadows and lack of light in certain areas are best avoided.

The flow of light visually stretches the room, lengthening it in the direction of its direction.

In the bedroom, you can get by with a chandelier and several lamps.

The lighting solution must be combined with the interior of the room.

Pros and cons of chandeliers

The most common type of lamps, which is used in the interior of any room and style, are pendant and ceiling chandeliers. They use different types lamps, they differ in style and design, but the most important parameter when choosing is the material from which the chandelier is made.

Material

    Strength, durability

    Easy to clean

    Due to the large mass, the chandelier requires a stronger attachment to the ceiling

    High price

    Variety of shapes and colors

    No deformation

    Ease of cleaning

    fragility

    Environmental friendliness

    Harmonious combination with wooden furniture

    Need for care

    Moisture resistance

    exposure to light

    fragility

Crystal

    Luxurious presentable look

    Creating a play of light

    High price

    fragility

    Minimum cost

    Ease

    Has a tendency to fade in the light

Textile

    Originality

    Reasonable price

    fragility

    Markost

    Fire resistance

Chandeliers definitely look quite stylish and beat the general stylistic idea of ​​the interior, creating an atmosphere of warmth and comfort around them, but they also have disadvantages:

  • Difficult installation.
  • Difficulties in cleaning. In order to clean the chandelier well, you first have to unscrew the shades, and then screw them into place.
  • High cost compared to conventional lamps.
  • Not suitable for rooms with low ceilings.
  • Markost. Decorative chandeliers located under the ceiling collect a lot of dust due to the abundance of hanging elements.

Despite their beauty, they are very difficult to install and maintain.

Chandeliers always look very stylish

Pros and cons of fixtures

The latest generation of lamps, which is very popular - LED or led-lamps. Their success in the market is due to the many advantages of such lighting:

    Durability. Service life more than 50 thousand hours.

    Energy saving.

    Profitability.

    High efficiency.

    The ability to change the color, brightness and temperature of the lighting.

    Compact and flexible modules that allow you to implement a variety of design ideas.

    Strength.

    Environmental friendliness.

    Security. These lamps have an extremely low risk of fire.

Regarding the disadvantages of LED lighting, it is worth saying the following:

    The high cost may be intimidating at first, but it is fully offset by the long service life and economy of such devices.

    An LED driver is required to power the instrument.

    LEDs tend to lose brightness and their light becomes dimmer.

    Replacing a burned out LED can be problematic.

With the help of lamps, you can highlight specific areas

At the moment, LED lamps are very popular.

Sometimes lamps are used as an element of decor.

street lighting

Outdoor lighting of the house is carried out with a decorative, security or functional purpose.

It is customary to pay special attention to functional lighting in the project, since it is she who is responsible for safe movement in the yard. The main objects are garden paths, steps and porch, and the most popular solution is small lamps with short legs. They fit perfectly into any landscape design and do not take up much space, and in the dark they will do their job perfectly.

Tip for the most economical hosts - use lamps on solar panels their selection is also huge.

To save money, you can use solar-powered lamps.

Outdoor lighting of the house is carried out with a decorative, security or functional purpose.

Decorative lighting is designed to use light to focus attention on the most attractive details of your garden. It can be installed at a fountain, pond, recreation area or garden sculpture.

Properly organized interior lighting design can work real miracles, transforming space, changing the direction of the flow of light and having a beneficial effect on the human psyche. The main thing in the pursuit of stylish and modern project interior - follow the rules of lighting and do not forget about your own comfort and health.

We are revising the utilitarian approach to lighting in a house and apartment and their main sources - chandeliers, wall lamps, table lamps. Lighting, in addition to functional tasks, can also change the aesthetic perception of the interior and ensure the formation of the necessary emotional state of a person.

The relationship between the organization of living space and its lighting

There is certainly an emotional relationship and relationship between the design of a lighting device and the interior. Therefore, when planning a space, it is necessary to think not only about the functionality of the room, but also about the effect of lighting on its perception by people. After all, it is light that allows you to change the perception of the interior.

Unfortunately, most often the functionality of lighting is at the forefront with the only requirement that “the lamp shines brightly”. And designers, including with the help, are able to form a general image of the interior, bring mood to it and create a comfortable environment.

It is worth trying to combine decor with functionality. There is one old tradition - to gather the whole family at the same table. Therefore, in the center of the dining room, living room or kitchen, there must be a chandelier. In addition, additional zonal lighting is also needed. If we talk, for example, about the American system, then they have adopted zonal lighting with numerous sources of local light. This allows you to highlight a particular area separately and save electricity, but does not contribute to family reunification.

For us, it is more important that there is a sincere atmosphere, and therefore chandeliers, ceiling lamps will never be superseded by general technical light, since the chandelier is an independent element of interior decor, bright accent, sometimes an art object, but always one of the symbols of home comfort.

Lighting allows you to control people's emotions

Light and color are closely related, by changing the color you can control the perception of space. Color affects the psychological and physiological state of a person, that is, the body tunes in to a certain atmosphere. For example, green color calms, and red, on the contrary, awakens internal forces, increases activity.

Everyone knows that cold office lighting makes employees work much more efficiently. That is, there is an impact on the internal biorhythms of the human body, its activity changes. Do not forget that not only color, light and light "temperature" have an influence, but also the light scenarios implemented in the interior. With the help of light, we can consciously create this or that mood in the room.

For example, to create an environment that is comfortable for communication, bright uniform lighting is created. If you need to work in the evening and need to concentrate, then dim the general light and turn on the table lamp. In order for a festive atmosphere to reign in the house, we place light accents, use garlands.

Decorative light can actively manage our emotional state. With a big role is played by the style of the interior. The "temperature" of the light is also important. It is better to work in daylight, and to rest - in warm. For example, crystal plays beautifully in “cold temperatures” of more than 4000 K. Warm temperatures include a “temperature” of 2700 K. And this must be taken into account.

Basic rules for lighting residential spaces

In any living space, three functional ones can be distinguished. General lighting to illuminate the entire room. decorative lighting, with which you can create accents, make the interior more interesting. Decorative lighting includes floor lamps, sconces, LED lighting. Special lighting with a clear task: e.g. task lighting desk or kitchen surface. It is quite natural that it is necessary to think over and take into account all these directions.

Lighting area is important. So, it may seem that for a room of 18 m² a lamp with three bulbs is enough. But a simple mathematical calculation suggests that a chandelier with incandescent bulbs, even 100 W, can only illuminate an area of ​​​​about 15 m². Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the light output of the selected device. It is necessary to think over the lighting complex as a whole, starting with local light for certain areas and ending with functional and general lighting.

Various nuances should be taken into account. For example, when used, it is undesirable for the chandelier arms to point upwards. As for desktop or floor lamps, here it is necessary to distinguish between the scope of their application: one thing is a device for the working area and quite another for the recreation area.

Recommended lighting "temperature" for modern living spaces

On the packaging of the lamp, the manufacturer always indicates the color "temperature". In residential premises, it is recommended to use light sources with a warm "temperature" equal to 2700-3000 K, which is close to the spectrum of the incandescent lamp we are used to. This applies to LED, halogen, and compact fluorescent lamps. Sources with a higher color "temperature" may cause discomfort with excessive brightness.

You also need to pay attention not only to the light "temperature", but also to the color rendering index Ra (see GOST R54814-2011). The incandescent lamp has a full color spectrum, so with it we see all colors without distortion (Ra = 100). Often people buy energy-saving (fluorescent) lamps taking into account the light "temperature", but without taking into account the color rendering. And as a result, they get an unpleasant light for perception, gray shades; the face in such lighting takes on an earthy color - all this is the result of using a lamp with a low color rendering index. Unfortunately, not all manufacturers indicate this parameter. The Ra index should be at least 80 - this is a value close to the solar spectrum.

Types of light sources

incandescent lamp is a simple, affordable source. Its plus is a 100% color rendering index, disadvantages: low light output, efficiency indicator - no more than 5m%.

Halogen incandescent lamp. Advantages: low cost, longer service life compared to a conventional incandescent lamp. Disadvantages: requires the presence of a ballast - a transformer that rectifies the voltage and lowers it to 12 V.

Compact fluorescent lamp(energy saving). Advantages: up to 12 times longer life and 5 times more energy saving than an incandescent lamp. Disadvantages: color rendering fluctuates between 80-90%, so the concepts of "warm" and "cold" light are applicable to it.

LED lamp. Its advantages: long declared service life (up to 50,000 hours) and excellent energy saving performance. Disadvantages: high cost and the creation of a blinding effect. The light output of the LED is large, but its surface area is small, which is why the light hurts the eyes when looking directly at the lamp.

The choice of LED lamps for the interior

There is a simple formula for calculating the power of LED lamps, equivalent to the power of incandescent lamps: the power consumption indicator is multiplied by 8-11 (depending on the energy efficiency (COP) value of the lamp as a whole). That is, a 6W LED source shines roughly like a 60W incandescent lamp: 6W x 10 = 60W. But you need to take into account the luminous flux (it is indicated in lumens). This is the indicator that affects the final illumination in the room. Different LED lamps with the same power consumption give different luminous flux. In order not to be mistaken, what it will be like for a particular lamp, you need to pay attention to the value in lumens.

Technical devices for light control

The simplest device for controlling lighting is. Dimmers help to smoothly adjust the brightness of light sources. It should be noted that not all sources have the ability to dim - change the brightness. It is necessary to pay attention to this when buying both lighting fixtures and light sources.

In addition to conventional switches, there are built-in panel systems with a programming function without connecting a computer. For example, we can dim a lighting device in a room to the required level of illumination, and store this setting in the panel's memory by assigning these values ​​to a specific button by simply pressing it. In the future, when the device is turned on, it will automatically provide the specified level of illumination. In such panels, from 5 to 10 buttons can be provided, allowing you to program both individual light sources and entire groups.

PHILIPS recently released a light kit for home use called Hue, which includes three LED bulbs with an E27 base and a small modem through which the bulb connects to a smartphone. By installing a free application, you can control the lighting from a distance.

A huge number of lighting devices have appeared that can be controlled via Wi-Fi from your phone. You just need to purchase a special lamp, download and install the necessary application.

Popular novelties in interior lighting

In the first place are copper lampshades (with a shiny or matte surface) for both modern and classic lamps. Further, a combination of colors in fittings, such as gold and chrome, copper and chrome, galvanized gold and matt satin. Now you can forget about the problem of combining interior elements with a lighting fixture (say, the handles on the furniture are golden, and the lamp you like is chrome) can be forgotten.

Then, contrast wires. Sometimes they are not plastic, but fabric, they can be called vintage. Another “fashionable” topic is a floor lamp. It is smaller than a floor lamp, but larger than a table lamp. Lamps with silicone lampshades are also gaining popularity.

It is worth noting the loft-style lamps designed for free spaces, where there are a lot of raw textures, brick, concrete. More often these are metal devices with an open light source. LEDs are not suitable for them, and therefore incandescent lamps are used.

In addition, lamps that create a certain pattern on the wall or ceiling are in fashion, which looks very impressive. Another modern trend is small chandeliers instead of sconces in the bedroom on the sides of the bed.

Modern trends in decorative lighting

Increasingly, buyers have become interested in zone lighting. One chandelier in the room is already yesterday. Now people buy not only sconces, but also floor lamps, make additional interior lighting technical nature. There was such a thing as architectural light - these are gypsum lamps, suggesting right inside the wall. Such devices can be painted, wallpapered, decorated, which allows you to create light zones integrated into the interior in accordance with its style.

It is worth mentioning the lamps, which we call art objects. They combine functionality and decor. These are, for example, mirrors, which are also lighting devices.

In connection with the improvement of LEDs and their availability, buyers have the opportunity to purchase a set of necessary elements and independently assemble a lighting system. There are many videos on the Internet showing how to make a lamp from improvised materials - from felt boots, a book, an old umbrella, etc. Now it is very popular.

architectural light

Now in private housing construction, architectural light is becoming more and more popular, previously used only to illuminate public buildings. Architectural lighting systems consist of spotlights, street lights, LED modules, hermetic led strip. First you need to have an outdoor lighting project, created taking into account the safety requirements and the degree of protection of lighting fixtures from weather factors. Wires should not be visible on the facade, so they should be laid before finishing the walls. Fixtures of fixtures also need to be made hidden so that they do not spoil the exterior of the building during the day. Sometimes architectural lighting is able to successfully hide the visible defects of the house and emphasize its advantages.