Glued beam construction technology. Construction of houses from glued beams: technology and advantages. Feedback from owners on maintaining the dimensions of glued laminated timber declared by the manufacturer

31.10.2019

At the design stage own house it is important to choose the material of the walls. It depends on what external enclosing structures will be used. appearance building, its mass (which affects the requirements for foundations), the final cost of construction. Increasingly, when building their own home, people prefer to create wooden cottages, one of the options of which are houses made of glued laminated timber.

Material Features

This technology allows the production of wooden elements of larger sections and lengths than is possible with solid material. In this case, the overall strength of the structure increases. The production of the material takes place in the following sequence:

drying in steam chambers of boards from conifers wood up to standard humidity of 8-12%;
sorting the received material, cutting out defects;
giving the boards a strict geometric shape by planing on four sides;
gluing elements together hydraulic press high power;
cutting the profile into parts of the required size;
drilling holes in the details for dowels.

The production technology is complex and multi-stage

Compared to the classic edged timber, glued material has a number of features:

length up to 18 m (against 6 m);
minimal deformation and shrinkage (1-2% versus 9-10%);
the possibility of manufacturing large-section elements (thickness up to 50 cm, height up to 90 cm);
high strength (the frame is noticeably more rigid);
increased resistance to negative influences environment(deep cracks are not formed);
lack of drafts between the crowns due to the profiled section.

This technology makes it possible to obtain a material that is unique in its characteristics, but, unfortunately, quite expensive. It is precisely because of the cost that modern houses made of glued material are the choice of people with fairly high financial capabilities.

Advantages and disadvantages

There is a strong consensus in the construction market about the advantages of glued beam houses:

Possibility of operation immediately after assembly. This is ensured by the fact that the shrinkage of the house is minimal and does not exceed 0.5%. When using an ordinary bar or log, before finishing, you must wait at least 1, and preferably 2 years, so that the walls dry out and shrink.
High thermal insulation characteristics. But here it is important to note that such thermal conductivity can also be provided by an ordinary bar or log, which cost much less.
Attractive appearance. The surface of the elements is perfectly flat, which allows not to carry out additional finishing home from inside or outside. In addition, due to the unique properties of the material, the attractiveness will remain for a long time. The service life is increased due to resistance to troubles such as mold, rot or fungus.
Low flammability. The main problem of wooden cottages is their instability to fire. A special production technology solves this issue. At the manufacturing stage, all elements are treated with flame retardants - substances that increase the fire resistance limit. In addition, in the manufacture of profiled material, cracks and voids are eliminated, it acquires a greater density. Such a monolithic structure resists fire better. Even in the event of a fire, the walls will continue to perform a load-bearing function and will not create a threat of destruction during the time necessary for the safe evacuation of people.
The ability to implement bold architectural solutions. Creation of large spans, complex geometric shapes. Such advantages are justified by the high strength of the material and ease of machining. The technology allows to produce not only standard products, but also curved glued beams.

The advantages are quite significant, therefore, even when building houses from other materials, sometimes such elements are included in the design.

Also, houses made of glued laminated timber have disadvantages. They need to be known at the design stage in order to avoid serious problems during construction and operation. The disadvantages are the following:

The use of synthetic compounds for gluing profiled timber. There are three production options: polyurethane, melamine and isoacitate adhesives. The last group will be the most environmentally friendly option. In Europe and Russia, the technology of using the first two is most widely used.
About melanin glue. It is important to know that it contains formaldehyde in its composition, a toxic substance that can lead to the onset or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Isoacytes can also cause this disease. Despite the fact that the service life of the house increases, its strength characteristics increase, if there is a predisposition to such diseases, it is worth abandoning the idea of using glued profiled material for construction, since it is dangerous to health.
Potential for small cracks. Manufacturers prefer to remain silent about this. Although shrinkage is minimal (1-2%), it is not zero either. Therefore, if you plan to carry out additional finishing inside (for example, plasterboard on walls or ceiling), then in the first year after construction you will have to wait a little with this.
Increased cost. The estimate for a house made of glued laminated timber will be such that with this money it would be possible to build brick house about the same size. Although which is better - a wooden or stone house - is more of a philosophical question, personal beliefs and preferences play a big role here.
If the beam is thin, additional insulation is necessary. Even due to the low thermal conductivity in the harsh northern winters, houses made of profiled timber are not able to provide full protection from the cold. These disadvantages are eliminated, it is enough just to apply an effective mineral wool insulation. But it implies an increase in costs and labor intensity.

The use of foam for additional thermal insulation is not recommended, since its service life and strength leave much to be desired. In addition, expanded polystyrene nullifies the ability of a wooden house to “breathe”.

If not everyone pays attention to the composition of the adhesive or heat-shielding characteristics, then even a person who is far from construction will notice an increase in cost (sometimes several times). The service life of the building and its energy efficiency are not high enough to talk about cost recovery.

Owner reviews

Glued laminated timber has been used in Russia for more than 15 years. During this period, the technology has undergone many changes in the direction of improving consumer characteristics and adapting to the conditions of the continental climate. Owners of houses built at least 3 years ago can objectively judge their house in general and the features of the technology in particular.

Actual construction time

Construction organizations claim that the construction of an average house of 150 sq.m. takes 1-1.5 months. This is partly true - the assembly of a typical box, which builders are building for the first time, really does not take so much time.

But the owners of such houses report the following:

“Don't forget about building the foundation. Depending on the number of floors and geological conditions, a simple screw pile (installed in 3-7 days) or a more labor-intensive tape (14-21 days, including the concrete curing time) may suit you.”

Also, many reviews report an increase in the time for engineering systems:

“After the frame is erected, communications are installed, including at least electrics, heating, water supply and sewerage. This is another 3-4 weeks of continuous work. Installation of windows and doors, if it is not included in the main types of work - 1-2 weeks. And the interior decoration, depending on the nuances of the design project, can take 2-3, and sometimes 9 months of hard work.”

Conclusion: according to reviews, the actual construction time is not 1-1.5 months, but at least 2-3. And taking into account the finish, it can stretch for a period of 4 to 12 months.

Actual shrinkage

Manufacturers claim that due to low shrinkage and natural beauty, the interior decoration of the house can be completely omitted.

“In reality, a slight shrinkage is still present, and in some places a year later, small cracks appeared on the walls inside and out, especially at the ends. For us, this is not critical, since the thermal efficiency of the house did not suffer, no through cracks appeared. But the sediment remained, because we were promised the complete absence of any defects during the drying process. In addition, even glued wood is a living material, and cracking can be taken as a kind of noble natural patina of time.”

Thus, a small adjustment to the geometric dimensions of the walls is still present. Therefore, this fact should not be neglected during interior decoration.

Actual fire treatment

In production, before sending a batch of timber on a flight, it is treated with special fire-fighting impregnations. During transportation, during loading / unloading, the material gets dirty, its appearance deteriorates.

“We decided to sand the façade in several places to remove the dirt. Accordingly, unsightly whitish spots appeared, and we had to completely clean one facade, and then re-coat it with flame retardant. As a result, the dates and figures in the estimate have shifted. Do not repeat my mistake - be present at the acceptance of the material and make sure that there are no such dark spots on it.”

As for fire resistance, the fireman Alexander from the profile forum spoke about it best of all:

“A wooden house, no matter how and with what you process it, remains combustible. Yes, flame retardants increase the degree of fire resistance, the flammability period and temperature increase, but they will not give the material an NG group (non-combustible). Therefore, if there is a fire, processing will give you an additional 2-3 minutes to evacuate. By the way, in stone houses the situation is no better: the fire occurs from the inside, and there is a combustible finish, furniture, curtains, etc. As a result, we have the same evacuation time as in a log house.”

Conclusion: processing is important, because in terms of fire safety such a house is very close to a stone one. Carefully monitor its presence and the absence of dirty spots upon acceptance.

Design and construction

There are many proposals for the construction of turnkey houses on the market. Most often, these firms themselves produce the material and assemble. To build a house from glued laminated timber, you will need to choose a typical one or develop an individual project. The beams are manufactured according to the project, and the factory will definitely ask for their geometric dimensions and all the necessary drawings. It is important to have a complete project here, just a sketch of the house is only suitable for initial stage.

An example of a house project for 175 sq.m.

Ordering a finished project is an additional investment. To independently create a draft design, you can use specialized programs such as ArchiCAD or AutoCAD. To do the work yourself, you will need to study the material on working with these programs. For one use, you can not purchase a licensed version (the cost of which is very high), but use a demo.

Construction is not critically different from others wooden materials. are selected in the same way as for houses. Laying crowns and floor elements is not difficult. The elements are fixed with dowels or bolts, the holes for which are provided at the manufacturing stage.

Having carefully studied all the advantages and disadvantages, characteristics of strength, service life, heat-shielding abilities, you can safely make an independent conscious choice.

Glued laminated timber is a kind of timber, which consists of several pre-dried and lamella boards, which are glued together with a special compound. A house made of such material shrinks less than a log house or a house made of ordinary timber, the material itself almost does not change shape during operation. Such qualities make the construction of glued beams more and more popular, despite its relatively high cost. How to build a house from glued beams?

The first stage is the development of the project

It is better to entrust this work to professionals. They will take into account all the wishes of the customer and the features of the material and develop a house that will be comfortable and safe. Ready-made projects can also be found on the Internet, as a rule, they reflect only the main points: the size of the building, the location of the rooms, internal partitions, stairs, windows, doors. But it should be remembered that a house is not only walls and a roof, but also communications, which also need to be laid in accordance with certain requirements.

The technology of building a house from glued beams

When the project is developed, the house is assembled according to the scheme, like a constructor. However, the construction of walls from this material has its own characteristics.

It is important to check the evenness of all joints and the geometry of walls and corners.
Jute insulation is used for seams.

Glued laminated timber can have a German or Finnish profile, which differs in the number of grooves and ridges. Thanks to the tenon-groove connection, glued timber, like profiled timber, is better protected from moisture between the crowns.

House building technology glued laminated timber includes a strip shallow-reinforced foundation. The depth of the foundation, as a rule, is no more than 70 cm, while it should rise at least 50 cm above the ground. If the house is large, then brick columns are additionally laid out under the floor logs.

Floor logs are attached to the first crown of the timber. After their laying, walls are erected, and then an interfloor or attic floor.

Laying technology for glued laminated timber wooden houses even easier than profiled or solid lumber technology due to more precise geometry.

In the corners, glued laminated timber can be connected in several ways. The easiest way is if an already marked and sawn beam “for the project” is bought, then cups for connection are already cut in it, it remains just to assemble the house according to the instructions. If an unmarked timber is purchased, it is connected in the same way as other types. Connection with metal corners is not recommended. The following types of connections can be used:

on dowels
root spike,
butt,
in half a tree
in the paw
frying pan or half frying pan,
dovetail at 45 degrees.

The floor consists of a rough flooring, which is attached to the logs with the help of a metal corner, and insulation is laid on it between the logs. From above they make a finishing floor.

For the roof they make a truss system. Glued laminated timber can also be used for it, usually smaller than for walls. A crate is nailed to the rafters and arranged roofing cake with waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier.

Warming

Do I need to insulate a house from glued laminated timber? There are different opinions on this matter, however, if the house is intended for year-round use, experts advise insulating it from the outside. If the house is used periodically and it is not heated every winter, then internal sealing is necessary. The benefits of insulation are also in the fact that in an insulated house right conditions for wood, it does not rot and does not dry out.

Warming a house from glued laminated timber includes the following activities:

sealing all seams in the house, eliminating holes, cracks,
insulation of the attic, if any,
sealing all openings near doors and windows,
floor sealing,
sealing and thermal insulation with a building insulation from the outside,
floor insulation.

How to insulate a house and what kind of insulation to choose? Wall thickness and climatic conditions play a major role in the choice of material. Usually used as a heater:

felt,
cork,
Styrofoam,
mineral wool.

If it is decided to get by with insulation from the inside, then the optimal thickness of the insulation is 3 cm. Such a thickness does not significantly reduce the area, but it already retains heat quite effectively and works as sound insulation.

Before laying the insulation, the walls of the house are treated with an antiseptic. For insulation from the outside, a frame made of a bar is attached to the walls of the house, the distance between the frame elements should be slightly less than the width of the insulation sheet so that the heat-insulating material fits snugly between the two bars. After that, the insulation is laid from the bottom up, and a windproof membrane is attached on top. The final stage is decorative finishing.

window installation

Important! Despite the fact that glued laminated lumber shrinks less than a log or profiled lumber, it still exists, so there must be time between the erection of walls and the installation of windows.

Both wooden and plastic windows are installed in houses made of glued laminated timber. Installation plastic windows in a glued beam house is done as follows:

The first step is window layout. The height of the window sill is made within 90-130 cm. A lower height is unsafe, and a large one is inconvenient. Further on the wall, the dimensions of the window structure itself are noted, from which the dimensions of the casing are laid off - 2.5-5 cm (board thickness). Also take into account the thickness of the window carriage into which the frame is inserted. In addition, add 1.5 cm for mounting foam.
Further cutting a hole for a window. This is done with a circular saw. After sawing, you need to cut off all the split sections. Then the hole is checked for level and its edges are ground.
After that the tree treated with antiseptics.
Build a casing. It will protect the window structure from shrinkage of the house, which will continue throughout the entire period of operation, although less than at first. There are two options here, either a groove is cut out at the ends of the beam, and a spike in the casing frame, or vice versa. The casing box is made of planed and polished boards.

Attention! It is advisable not to use fasteners when installing a window frame, especially screws or nails. The casing frame must move in the opening so that it can soften the house shrinkage loads on the double-glazed window.

After that, a window is installed. If the block is sash, then the sash is removed and the frame is installed first, and then the sash is hung. If the window is not sashed, then help will be required, since the weight of the window is quite large.

The frame is inserted into the opening, aligned and tacked in several places.
Next, the double-glazed window is finally leveled and screwed simultaneously to the right and left.
The installation of windows in a house made of glued laminated timber is completed by foaming the gaps.

Advice! If you do not have experience of such work, then it is better to contact specialists. Of course, you will have to pay, but you will get a well-done job with a guarantee. If you are confident in your abilities, but have not yet installed windows yourself, you should consult with a specialist.

Glued timber - modern material, and building a house from it is, for many reasons, easier than from other lumber. However, it also has its own characteristics. It is important to observe the geometry during construction, and if the house is assembled according to a finished project, do not deviate from the instructions.

The rapid development of building technologies and the lightning-fast filling of the market with a large number of the latest building materials have led to a completely justified popularization of environmentally friendly raw materials used for the production of building products. In this regard, the popularity of houses built from environmentally friendly materials has also grown exponentially. This phenomenon has not bypassed prefabricated houses from glued beams, built in accordance with the basic provisions of Finnish technology. They were soon appreciated by the developers, which is due not only to their interesting appearance, but also to the mass of undeniable advantages. Cottage from glued laminated timber, built according to Finnish technology, has become the embodiment of internal comfort and high environmental friendliness, which was achieved through the use of natural materials. What are the features of glued laminated timber? Why are developers increasingly using treated wood, and especially glued laminated timber, as a building material? You will find answers to these and other questions related to the construction of Finnish houses from glued laminated timber in this article.

The use of glued beams: a brief excursion into history

The historical roots of glued beams go back to antiquity, approximately the ΧΙΙ century. It was at this time that Japanese archers in the manufacture of weapons began to practice the use of bamboo and wood, the components of which they glued together. Subsequently, this principle, which implies the use of glued wooden structures, fastened with brackets or wedges, attracted European architects, and therefore, they somewhat modified this technology and began to use it in the construction of houses. Russian masters of wooden architecture also liked this technique of erecting architectural buildings. Despite the fact that the Japanese became the progenitors of this technology, it was only in the middle of the ΧΙΧ century that the German carpenter Otto Hetzer managed to officially patent it, who introduced this technology to the world as part of the construction of bent glued trusses made of two or more lamellas.

Modern high-tech timber, made of condo pine, was first introduced by Finland in the late 70s of the last century, and, despite the fact that it was not so long ago, it is rightfully considered its homeland. After all, it was thanks to the Finns, who use high-tech equipment in the production of glued laminated timber, that this material entered the construction market, where its undeniable advantages made it possible to establish itself with the best side. At the end of the ΧΧ century, Finnish construction companies relied on the development of wooden housing construction, and despite the fact that wood has a lot of advantages, they faced inevitable problems, such as:

Cracking of the surface part of the logs during the drying process;
Twisting and deformation of logs.

Turning to the centuries-old experience of ancestors, as well as using modern technical and scientific achievements, they were able to revive wooden housing construction, making it the national brand of Finland.

Houses from glued beams photo

Technological features of real Finnish wood

Traditional Finnish glued laminated timber is made from coniferous wood grown specifically for its production. In this regard, it is characterized by a number of features that are not characteristic of classical material. Let's see what they are:

The highest strength and frost resistance, due to the fact that the tree is grown in northern countries;
The strength and low thermal conductivity of the timber, which determine the ability of the material to accumulate heat for a long time, are achieved by competent Finns by gluing wood fibers in different directions;
Due to the correct distribution of construction adhesive in the wood structure and optimum thickness lamellas, it does not clog it completely, allowing it to "breathe", which cannot but affect the quality of the finished structure;

In the production of timber, the Finns use trees only with powerful trunks of the same thickness and devoid of delaminations, which can always be seen by evaluating the color of the lamellae, it will always be the same;
Processing glued laminated timber with flame retardants makes it resistant to fire and decay, as well as damage by various rodents, insects and mold;
The stability of the geometric shape of the glued laminated timber and the resistance to delamination is also achieved through the use of sawn timber of the same configuration. The use of wood of the same species ensures the same moisture content of the building material, and therefore, it is not afraid of shrinkage and deformation;

Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber: the main advantages

No kind capital construction will not be able to boast of the advantages characteristic of Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber. What are they?

Use of lightweight building materials. The construction technology of Finnish houses involves the use of lightweight building materials, which do not require powerful lifting special equipment to move. Thanks to this, two or even one worker can carry out the construction of houses from glued beams, and therefore, it becomes possible to use the foundation on screw piles and shallow tape structures, which makes the process of building housing less expensive;

Significant reduction in construction time. Unlike the construction of block or brick buildings lasting at least two years, the construction of houses using Finnish technology can be completed in two months, due to the use of simplified methods for assembling the structure. Since the construction process does not involve "wet" operations involving the use of water, the construction of Finnish houses can be carried out at any time of the year;

Simplified Assembly Technologies. Architectural projects of Finnish houses involve fitting all the details of the structure directly at the enterprise, while the construction site is just a place for assembling a finished “constructor” - this is how many builders speak of a Finnish house. At all stages of the construction of a Finnish house, any amendments can be made to its project, which are implemented with virtually no additional costs and time delays;

Universality of designs - the key to ease of repair. Due to the availability of all components of the Finnish structure, in case of damage, repair measures will not be difficult. If it becomes necessary to redevelop the building and make changes to the original construction project, you can do it yourself;

Ease of finishing or even its absence. Frame buildings built according to Finnish technology are characterized by absolutely flat surfaces that practically do not need interior decoration.

The nature of the soil is not the main thing. In the process of building a Finnish house, you may not think about the type of soil on which the construction will be carried out, and the proximity of groundwater. The nature of the soil in this case does not matter, since the foundation does not need long-term shrinkage, and building material Finnish origin is not terrible high humidity. In this regard, you can carry out construction on soil dominated by sand, as well as in the case of surface groundwater;

High heat and sound insulation characteristics. This is due to the construction of Finnish frame structures made of wood, characterized by low thermal conductivity, as well as the use of high-quality insulation contributes to the fact that in winter time the house is always warm, and in summer it is cool. In addition to thermal insulation characteristics, glued laminated timber has high soundproof properties, and additional use sound-absorbing fabric completely prevents the penetration of external sounds;

Long service life. It's no secret that wooden houses cannot boast of long-term operation. However, this does not apply to the legendary Finnish houses. Due to the treatment of wood with special compounds that prevent the material from deforming, delamination and drying out, as well as increasing its resistance to various kinds of biological agents, the service life of a structure made of Finnish glued laminated timber often corresponds to that of stone structures;

Environmental friendliness and high aesthetic characteristics. Houses made of glued beams are characterized by high environmental friendliness, and the smell of freshly cut wood does not disappear in the house. Such buildings are not only not capable of releasing harmful substances into the environment, and moreover, wood that constantly exudes phytoncides - antiseptics plant origin, contributes to the improvement of the person who is in this room. And the fact that these buildings can not only become a masterpiece of wooden architecture, but also fit perfectly into the landscape of any site is not even worth mentioning, since this is obvious.

What else do you need to know about Finnish houses made of glued laminated timber?

Finnish houses are characterized by an area not exceeding 250 square meters. m, which is considered the most comfortable for human habitation, since the construction of houses with a larger area will entail an unjustified increase in material costs;

Houses from Finnish glued laminated timber are built using timber with a cross section of more than 22 cm. However, it is important to assemble as carefully as possible to prevent the formation of cracks;
If the Finns build a house, they always provide a place for building a sauna, without which it is difficult to imagine a true citizen of Finland. The construction of many utility rooms is another sign of Finns building a house;

A distinctive feature of Finnish houses are spacious rooms - a bedroom, a kitchen, a living room. There are no massive partitions between them, which contributes to the formation of a feeling of boundless space;
The maximum illumination of the building is achieved due to the large area of glazing;
Despite the fact that this feature is often neglected in Russia, the traditional Finnish house is a one-story building, often equipped with an attic. The presence of two moves is a prerequisite;
The use of glued laminated timber allows you to achieve the maximum vertical orientation of the corners.

Construction of houses from glued beams using Finnish technology: a step-by-step guide

The construction of any house is a long and very costly process, but when it comes to building a turnkey Finnish house, everything happens exactly the opposite. If you chose this option, the construction company will take care of all the hardships of building a house: from developing a project for a Finnish house from glued laminated timber to pouring the foundation and cosmetic finishing of the building. This option is considered one of the most expensive for the customer. The most economical option is to purchase a ready-made kit. It is a so-called "Lego constructor", that is, a prefabricated structure that includes ready-made elements, which is mounted directly at the assembly site. If you have the appropriate knowledge and tools, you can build such a house yourself.

Important! In the construction market, you can find ready-made kits of domestic production, which, despite apparent similarities, are characterized by a significantly lower quality, due to production from local raw materials.

If the process of building a Finnish house is presented in in general terms, it will look like this:

foundation pouring;
Mounting and installation of crowns made of glued beams;
Installation of flooring and floor beams;
Construction of walls from glued beams;
Installation activities for the construction truss system and arrangement of the roof;
Implementation of exterior and interior decoration.

Construction of a house from Finnish glued laminated timber: preparatory measures

The preparatory activities are as follows:

First of all, it is necessary to obtain a building permit, and after the project is approved, proceed to site preparation, which includes:

The implementation of geological exploration, which consists in taking soil samples and the subsequent determination of the depth of occurrence ground water. After carrying out these activities, you can easily identify problem areas on the site and bypass them when building a foundation;

Next, it is necessary to clear the site of various debris and vegetation, after which the construction site is leveled and, if necessary, work is carried out to drain the area. Then it is recommended to supply electricity and other engineering networks.

Foundation construction: a step-by-step guide

The first step after implementation preparatory work is the arrangement of the foundation for a house made of glued laminated timber. Due to the lightness of glued beams, experts recommend abandoning the pouring of a powerful foundation and giving preference to a strip or column foundation, which will significantly save on construction. In addition, time costs will be reduced, since the construction of a more common strip foundation takes no more than three weeks.

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the foundation, at the site of its construction, using special equipment, the top layer of soil is removed, the depth of which must be at least 15 cm. Then the foundation is marked, for which pegs are driven into the ground on the sides of the structure and a rope is pulled between them. This allows you to create a well-defined foundation scheme. The direct construction of the strip foundation begins with digging a trench, for which you will also have to resort to the help of special equipment, and this time it will be an excavator. If you plan to equip a shallow foundation, then the depth of the trench should be 0.5 -0.7 meters, if buried, then the numbers increase to 1.5-2 meters. After you have dug the pit, make its edges sheer, which will prevent the earth from crumbling.

Further, the place of direct arrangement of the foundation should be strengthened. For these purposes, sand is poured into the bottom of the pit with a layer of at least 10 cm, and it is compacted until shrinkage stops. A layer of crushed stone 5 cm thick is poured onto a layer of sand and compacted in a similar way. An impromptu "pillow" is poured with concrete mortar, the layer of which is from 5 to 10 cm. This is how the screed is arranged.

After 48 hours (the time of complete solidification of concrete), they begin to arrange the formwork, for the manufacture of which boards or plywood will be required. The formwork is made along the entire perimeter of the foundation and supported by wooden beams.

Reinforcing blocks are laid on a previously equipped substrate, each of which is fastened together. At the junctions and at the corners, the mesh should be slightly thicker. The use of reinforcement in the construction of the foundation will significantly strengthen and strengthen the foundation.

Then the formwork is poured with water and poured with a 25-cm layer of concrete, after which it is also compacted and the surface is leveled. After carrying out the work, the concrete is covered with a film and left until the concrete has completely solidified, which requires at least a month.

Technical features of assembling a house from glued laminated timber

Before proceeding with the assembly of the structure, order a glued beam made in accordance with the project of a Finnish house, as well as floor logs and roof components made of wood - lathing, ridge, rafters. Get it all necessary tools and expendable materials. Stock up on means for bio- and fire protection of wood.

Before you receive the ordered products, prepare a site for its storage (most often the construction site itself acts as its role). Unloading is carried out taking into account the construction of the house, and therefore, the timber is laid on the side of its installation.

The sequence of assembling a Finnish house from glued laminated timber:

A waterproofing material is laid directly on the foundation (most often it is roofing material). A lining board with a thickness of at least 55 mm is laid on it, pre-treated bituminous mastic, which protects the structure from the damaging effects of moisture in its lower part.

In accordance with the beam plan, the first row of glued beams is assembled. At the same time, it fits into the groove thermal insulation material(most often it is jute), after which the second row is laid and assembled. This is how all the crowns are further assembled.

Technical features

An integral element of the design are wooden dowels, in the case of correct installation which the structure acquires the necessary strength.

Important! The installation of the dowels is carried out so that they are at a distance of 0.7-1.5 meters from each other and are inserted into every third beam in such a way that they fasten the house, which will prevent the occurrence of distortions. The installation of dowels is carried out in the protruding part of the crowns, which is due to their greatest susceptibility to twisting.

The shape of the roof, like roofing material, you can choose at your discretion. In most cases, these issues are resolved at the design stage. Roof repairs can take up to two weeks. The final stage of the assembly is the arrangement of the rough and finished floor, the technology of which also depends on your preferences.

At the end of the work, the installation of electrical wiring, water supply, sewerage and heating systems, as well as the installation of windows and doors, are carried out.

Glulam houses video

The use of glued beams in construction makes it possible to build not only temporary dwellings, but also full-fledged houses. Structures made of such material have high strength and are absolutely safe for health.

After all, glued laminated timber is a natural material that meets all modern environmental requirements. Heavy equipment is not needed to build a house, since assembly is quite easy and fast. At the same time, the appearance of the building is attractive. That is why the technology of building houses from glued beams has become so often used in the construction of comfortable country and country houses.

Such buildings are also attractive due to their relative cheapness. But the house has at the same time high thermal parameters and sufficient durability. To get a high-quality dwelling from glued laminated timber, you only need to follow the technology and stages of construction.

This will require:

ladder;
stairs;
instruments;
material for electrical work;
pipes for communications;
wood for lathing;
roofing material;
waterproofing material;
insulation;
foundation material;
fasteners;
glued beam.

house project

Need to consider different variants glued timber houses. It is worth choosing a ready-made project that takes into account your capabilities and wishes as much as possible. Houses from glued beams are built and manufactured by the Dom-Stroy company, so there will be plenty to choose from. And you can assemble the house yourself. First you need to prepare the site, align and mark the boundaries of the house.

The project of the house should indicate all the architectural features of the house: type of roof, type of foundations, waterproofing materials, insulation, and others. It is necessary to choose the thickness of the timber, depending on the frequency of residence: permanently or seasonally. When ordering a finished project, you get each detail of the exact dimensions, it will be numbered and processed with a special composition.

Foundation

A house made of glued laminated timber weighs a little, so you can use types of foundations with a small depth: bored, pile and tape. When choosing, one should take into account the level of groundwater, soil type and climatic conditions.

If the site is sloping or peaty, a pile foundation will do. You can carry out waterproofing, which will protect the house from moisture.

box

The assembly comes from specially fitted elements. With a one-story building interior partitions can be assembled from the same timber from which the walls are made. Be sure to insulate the grooves and joints. When laying the walls, you need to install the basement beams and lay the floors. First, lay the black floor boards, and then the insulation and vapor barrier. When the basic assembly work is completed, you can lay a clean floor.

Roof

When the required height is reached, you can close the box with ceiling beams, install the rafters. Mineral wool must be laid on the rafters and ceiling to protect the attic space from the cold. The truss structure is covered with a roof.

Engineering systems

To ensure comfort, you need to install communications: sewerage, heating, water supply. For this, polyethylene or metal-polymer pipes should be used, which will ensure the reliability of use. Wires in ceilings should be laid in corrugated metal sleeves, along the ceiling and walls - in plastic channels.

Final works

Having laid a clean floor, you can install windows and entrance doors. Concerning interior doors, then they are closed last, so as not to damage the finish.

The resulting structure does not need external or internal decoration. However, if there is a desire, it can be done. Surfaces should be covered with a colorless varnish, which will emphasize the texture of wood. When the assembly is completed, you can install a wooden porch.

Market every season suburban construction replenished with new housing construction technologies. In the past few years, projects of houses made of glued laminated timber have been very popular among buyers. This is explained by the many positive qualities that they possess.

Advantages of log houses

1. Environmental friendliness of the building. The glue used to join wood is safe for humans and the environment. It consists of natural composites. Additionally, the glue acts as an antiseptic that prevents the appearance of pests in the material.

2. Wooden houses from glued beams are built quickly. An experienced working team assembles the building on the finished foundation in 1 month. Thus, the entire construction of a house from the construction of the foundation to completion can take only 3 months.

3. Glulam is characterized by low thermal conductivity. This helps to reduce the cost of heating the premises from it in the winter. During the construction of the house, only the insulation of floors and ceilings is required.

4. Houses made of glued laminated timber, the reviews of the owners of which are mostly positive, are strong and durable. This is due to the peculiarities of the material production technology.

5. Wooden buildings made of timber have stable geometric dimensions, that is, the material does not twist, bend or shrink.

Disadvantages of timber houses

1. For wooden house needed special care, only it ensures that the pleasant color of the outer walls is preserved. Every year they need to be covered with special compounds that slow down the rate of aging of the building.

2. Various manufacturers may use special fire impregnations that are not safe for humans. Before buying the material, it is necessary to clarify exactly which compositions were used.

3. The construction of houses from glued beams is sometimes delayed due to the need for additional grinding of the walls. It is a consequence of the fact that during transportation the material gets dirty, and it is impossible to remove dirt from it by rubbing.

Manufacturing technology of glued laminated timber

For the first time, the technology for the production of glued laminated timber was tested more than thirty years ago. Now the material is very popular.

Logs are the raw material for timber. Passing through special equipment, they bloom into boards. They are dried at certain indicators of temperature and humidity in the room. After that, the material is checked for defects.

Usable boards are treated with antiseptics and flame retardants, then planed. Only if all these operations are performed, it is possible to proceed to the direct formation of a beam from 2-5 layers. The boards are connected to each other under the influence of the press. A special water-repellent glue is used as a gluing agent, which does not prevent the tree from "breathing".

Under the press, the boards are stacked in a certain way. Fibers of different layers are directed in opposite directions. This significantly increases the strength of the produced product. Such a structure protects the tree from resizing under the influence of environmental conditions. Due to its high strength, glued timber can be used as floor beams and rafters in a house under construction.

Owner reviews about houses made of glued laminated timber

On the Russian market houses made of glued laminated timber, the reviews of the owners of which will be discussed below, have been known for more than ten years. During this time, building technology has improved slightly. Owners of houses built a long time ago can objectively say about all the real advantages and disadvantages of the considered technology for the production of timber and the construction of residential buildings from it.

Reviews about the actual terms of construction of houses

Manufacturers and construction companies claim that it is possible to build houses from profiled glued laminated timber in 1 month. It really is. A box of typical buildings, the designs of which have already been repeatedly put into practice, are being built very quickly. But then comes the stage of interior finishing work, which can take more than one month or even a year.

When choosing a project, customers need to pay attention to various nuances. For example, the places of holes in the beam for the installation of lamps and pipes. All these small additions will further affect the speed of communications and finishing work.

It should be borne in mind that standard interiors of houses made of glued laminated timber are created faster than extraordinary ones. As a rule, to fulfill the latter, the owners of the future home hire a designer who takes responsibility for the timing of the order.

It can be concluded that the construction of houses from glued laminated timber takes 3-4 months, only if it uses standard solutions for finishing work and installing plumbing. In all other cases, the terms increase several times.

Feedback from owners on maintaining the dimensions of glued laminated timber declared by the manufacturer

The tree tends to dry out under the influence of environmental factors. Glued laminated timber, according to manufacturers, is not subject to this, which allows you to start finishing work immediately after assembling the box at home.

In reality, the material may dry out a little and shrink. Also, the formation of small cracks is not excluded. This is especially noticeable at the ends of the house.

Such phenomena must be taken into account when installing frames for windows and doors. Glued laminated timber does not require mandatory interior decoration, the special texture of the walls made of it itself creates a unique atmosphere in the house. Some owners specifically choose for themselves projects of houses made of glued beams in order to get a semblance of a village hut inside.

In winter, the street is relatively dry and the outer walls are reduced in size by a few centimeters. The internal logs are in a more humid environment, as people live there who cook, wash clothes and take a shower. The difference in humidity outside and inside leads to the fact that in winter some changes may occur in the box of the house, manifested in the appearance of a distance between the timber. In the spring, this phenomenon will not be so noticeable. This does not affect the safety of being in the building.

Thus, small changes in geometric dimensions are characteristic of glued beams. This should not be neglected during finishing work.