Which pump to choose for a well - an overview of the options and selection criteria. How to choose a pump for a well: expert advice Submersible pump for a well top 10

09.05.2020

The pump is a hydraulic machine. It converts mechanical energy - muscular or motor, into the energy of a liquid or gas flow (in our case, water). Thanks to this energy, we can raise water from the depth, move it to a certain distance, including vertically, and set the flow rate.

The first pump known to scientists was invented by the ancient Greek engineer and mathematician Ktesibius, who lived in the 300s BC. e. Ctesibius, considered the "father" of hydraulics and pneumatics, described general principle, on which the action of many subsequently developed pumps is based: plunger, vane, rotary, impeller and others. But let's move on to the practical side - which pump to choose for a well in the country?

Submersible or surface?

For the end user, the principle of operation of the unit is not so important: it raises water using a piston, gears, cams, a soft rotor or a sinusoidal disk. All household pumps for pumping liquid are divided into two types:

submersible, in which the mechanism is in the pumped liquid;
surface - are installed on the surface, and only the suction pipe is immersed in the liquid.

Before you go shopping, determine if a submersible or surface pump is right for you. And here you have to remember the lessons of physics.

"Atmospheric column presses on every person, even a party one ...". Ostap Bender

Remember the chapter from the textbook about the discovery of atmospheric pressure by Evangelista Torricelli - experiments with pipes and mercury? The pump does not draw water. It creates a vacuum in the chamber of its body, into which water is "pushed" by atmospheric pressure.

Therefore, a surface pump will not be able to lift water from a depth greater than 10.3 m. It is to this height that water rises in the tube, displaced by atmospheric pressure on the water mirror in the well.

Also, do not forget that 10.3 m is a value that is valid only for ideal conditions (as in a school problem book). In reality, the depth from which the pump can lift water is less: if the well is above sea level, this value decreases. It is also affected by friction losses and so on.

Therefore, pump manufacturers talk about 9 m, which in practice decrease even more - up to 7 meters. That is, we can confidently say that the pump will raise water from 5 m without reducing the pressure. Unless, of course, your cottage is not in the mountains.

How to fight the laws of physics

To defeat some laws of physics, other laws of physics can come to the rescue. An ordinary surface pump is suitable for shallow wells - within 7 m. If the water level is deeper, then you can try to bring the unit itself closer to the water by placing the surface pump inside the well on a platform or “raft” arranged in the mine.

Pumping equipment located in the caisson. Photo from bkankor.ru

Another option is to place the pump in a caisson next to the well, the depth of which compensates for the "extra" meters. The same method works if you need water for water supply at home and there is, which will serve as a caisson. True, it may not be advisable to arrange a caisson and a basement deeper than 4 meters.

If the water source is below 7 m, then to some extent (there is still a limit), another physical law, Bernoulli's law, will solve the problem. It works on its principle. ejector- a device that supplies a stream of water or gas with a greater pressure into the pump pipe. This enhances the power and the main lifted jet.

Bernoulli's law. Photo from met-all.org

Pumping stations equipped with an ejector are capable of lifting water from a depth of 25-40 m. Keep in mind that the efficiency of a pump with an ejector will be low.
If the water in the well is even deeper - then you are in the department where they sell submersible pumps. Having decided on the type of unit (surface or submersible), you can proceed to other selection parameters.

Pump performance

Pump performance(flow rate) - the amount of water that the pump pumps per unit of time. It is measured in cubic meters per hour (m³/h) or liters per second (l/s). Consumers are trying to acquire more productive ones - so that they definitely have enough.

Many sources suggest choosing the pump performance by calculating the maximum water flow, that is, taking into account the simultaneous inclusion of all water consumers in the house: sinks, bathtubs, showers, washing and dishwashers. Approximate consumption rates are also called - 1000 liters per person per hour. I do not know how you can pour a cube of water in an hour, given average speed flow in a conventional mixer 4 liters per minute.

Pump performance-amount of water pumped per unit of time

The tables proposed for calculation are compiled for the selection of pumping equipment for large facilities - manufacturing enterprises, apartment buildings. In my opinion, such consumption values are needed in order to explain why pumps with a capacity of, for example, 4500 l / h are sold. Such powerful units are relevant for high-performance wells. Owners of wells should first of all focus not on their own water consumption, but on their own water source, because the flow in the well per hour may be less than the pump capacity.

In this case, it is worthwhile to arrange a system with a water accumulator - a capacity, the volume of which obviously exceeds the daily water consumption in the house. Then a pump with a small capacity, consistent with the flow rate of the well, will fill the tank, from which water will be supplied to the taps in the house.

Pump head

Another important characteristic for the selection of equipment is the pump head. As mentioned above, a pump is a hydraulic machine, that is, a device that converts energy. Its design is such that the force (motor or muscles) applied to the pump not only allows you to pump water, but also gives it potential and kinetic energy. The quantitative characteristic of the sum of energy is called pump head is the force created by the design of the pump in order to move the pumped medium, in our case, water.

The ratio of pressure and flow of the pump. Photo from c-o-k.ru/

Pump head is usually measured in meters. And in the calculations, only the vertical direction of water movement is taken into account, that is, to what height a vertical pipe connected to the pump outlet can be filled.

Since the user is interested not only in delivering water to the highest possible point, but also in having the mixer work at this point, in addition to the height of the lift, the pressure is also interesting. In standard water supply systems, the operating pressure is from 1.5 to 3 atmospheres. It is spent on overcoming hydraulic resistance: friction of water against the walls of pipes, cornering, horizontal movement. And also to create a jet of a certain power from the spout of the mixer - who likes to wash in the shower, from which the water barely oozes?

The working pressure in the water supply system depends on the pressure of the pump, and therefore on the height of the lift. Every 10 meters of elevation is equal to 1 atmosphere. That is, if the pump characteristics indicate that the maximum lifting height is 50 m, this means that either a pressure of 5 atmospheres will be created at the outlet of the pump, or water can rise to a height of 50 m, or the prescribed 3 atmospheres in the system will be at height 20 m.

pump efficiency

Efficiency of any unit is calculated as the ratio of useful power to spent. The efficiency of the pump is determined by its design, as well as the type of liquid or gas pumped.

The useful action performed by the pump depends not only on the unit itself, but also on the entire hydraulic system: a large number of turns, narrowing and expansion of the pipeline increases vortex losses, which in turn reduces the efficiency of pumping equipment. In general, the efficiency of a submersible unit is higher than that of a surface unit: a pump that is in the water does not need to expend energy sucking water.

That's all the important parameters for choosing a pump. And with the brand and cost, everyone can decide on their own.

Today, it is not difficult to find submersible pumping equipment for an autonomous water supply system in a country house or in a country house: such devices are offered on the modern market in a wide variety of types and models. Having decided to purchase a submersible pump for a well or well, many of the future users are wondering: which type of this equipment will be able to fully meet the requirements for it, ensure efficient and uninterrupted operation of the water supply system, and not create any special problems with maintenance and repair. In order to pick suitable model submersible pump for pumping water from a well, a number of factors should be taken into account, as well as an understanding of the design, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of various types of pumping equipment.

Reasons for popularity

For maintenance of wells located on the territory personal plot, both submersible and surface water pumps can be used. Which pump is better to choose and install for pumping water from an underground source should be decided in a particular case, but quite often experts recommend paying attention to submersible type devices.

The high popularity that distinguishes submersible pumps for a well is determined by a whole list of their advantages. So, in comparison with surface pumps, submersible pumps for wells have the following advantages.

Using a deep well pump, it is possible to pump out water from even very deep underground sources and transport it through a pipeline system over a considerable distance. If surface water pumps are used, then only those wells whose depth does not exceed 8–9 meters can be serviced with their help. Naturally, the rather low pressure of the liquid medium, which is created by household surface-type pumps, does not allow them to transport water over long distances and along the horizontal section of the pipeline.
During operation, submersible well pumps create a minimum amount of noise, which cannot be said about surface-type devices.
Deep well pumps are more suitable for pumping contaminated water, which contains silt, fine sand and clay.
Since the cooling of submersible well pumps is provided by the liquid medium they pump, it is quite difficult to overheat such equipment if the well has a good flow rate.
A submersible well pump installed directly in the thickness of the pumped liquid medium can be equipped with float switches that allow you to control the water level in the well, and also provide automatic switching on and off of equipment in cases where this level reaches critical values.
During the installation and operation of well submersible pumps, the tightness of the intake pipe is not subject to such high requirements as in the case of using surface equipment.
A well submersible pump is much easier to dismantle and place in a special storage place, which is especially important in cases where a country house or cottage has to be left unattended for a long time.

When deciding which pump is best for a well, the disadvantages of submersible equipment should also be studied.

For connecting submersible pumps for a well to electrical network a high-quality and, accordingly, expensive double-insulated cable is required.
When using submersible devices for servicing wells, it is somewhat more difficult than when using surface pumping stations, coordinate the functioning of automation elements that control the operation of all components of the water supply system.

Design, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages

According to the design and principle of operation, submersible pumps for wells and wells are divided into four types of devices:

vibration pumps for wells and wells;
screw hydraulic machines;
centrifugal type devices;
submersible pumping equipment of vortex type.

To decide on the choice of a submersible pump for a well (which one is better), you should deal with design features, principle of operation and scope of each type of such equipment.

Vibratory pumps

The vibration pump for the well is the most a budget option equipping an autonomous water supply system. Distinctive feature vibratory hydraulic machines is the simplicity of design, in which there are no rotating parts, which makes such equipment reliable and easy to operate, facilitates its maintenance and repair.

The element that drives the vibratory well water pump is not an electric motor, but an inductor. Its core when passing an alternating electric current along the turns of the wire and the creation of a magnetic field, it attracts and repels the armature of the device with a certain frequency. The movement of the armature through the connecting rod is transmitted to the elastic membrane and the piston, which also begins to make reciprocating movements (vibrations), which ensures that the water pumped from the well is drawn into the working chamber of the equipment, as well as its subsequent expulsion into the pressure line.

The body of the vibration pump, always made of metal, consists of two parts, the junction of which is sealed with sealing elements.

Among the advantages of vibration pumps, in addition to the simplicity of design and sufficiently high reliability, one should highlight the low cost, as well as the ability to create a good pressure of the liquid medium in the pipeline system they serve.

Vibratory type submersible hydraulic machines have a number of disadvantages.

These hydraulic machines do not have high performance.
When operating in the thickness of the liquid medium pumped from the well, such devices create vibration waves in it, which makes the water in the lower part of the underground source cloudy if its walls are not protected by concrete rings. In addition, the vibrations of the liquid medium contribute to the destruction of the unprotected walls of the wells.
Pumps of this type are not very suitable for dirty water, which contains inclusions of sand and small pebbles. The presence of contaminants in the composition of the pumped water prevents tight fitting of the equipment valves.
If you decide to choose a vibration pump for the well, keep in mind that models of such equipment are not equipped with automation elements, so you will have to purchase them additionally or monitor the operation of the device yourself.
Vibrating pump creates enough loud noise, although it is located in the thickness of the water layer.

The age of a vibration pump is often short, but the simplicity of its design allows you to carry out repairs yourself.

Vibration-type pumps, taking into account their technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, are installed in repaired and cleaned wells and are used in cases where high requirements are not placed on the performance of pumping equipment. There are many different models of pumping equipment on the modern market, so the question of which vibration pump is better is quite relevant. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that most models practically do not differ from each other in technical characteristics, so you need to focus on the rating of manufacturers of this equipment.

Screw pumps

To equip wells, screw-type submersible electric pumps are used very rarely, but given functionality and characteristics of such devices, they deserve consideration.

The main structural element of screw-type hydraulic machines is the auger, which is mounted on a shaft connected to the shaft of the drive motor. Rotating in the inner chamber of the pump, such an auger, with its protruding screw part, captures the water entering the working chamber through the inlet and moves it to the discharge pipe.

Consider the advantages that distinguish screw pumps for wells and wells.

The use of screw pumps allows you to create in the pipeline system a good flow head of the pumped liquid medium, the value of which is always stable.
The noise level generated during the operation of such a pump is minimal.
Screw pumps are the best equipment for dirty water, which may contain even fairly large grains of sand. Remarkably, screw pumps were specially designed to work with viscous media and dirty water.

The reasons for the rather limited use of screw-type submersible hydraulic machines are that such devices are characterized by a number of significant disadvantages:

low productivity;
the lowest efficiency among submersible pumps, which is explained by the presence in the design of such devices of a large number of rubbing elements;
intensive wear of parts due to the large number of friction units, which leads to frequent repairs.

Due to the above disadvantages, screw pumps have the lowest rating among household submersible pumping equipment.

Centrifugal pumps

The most popular type of pumping equipment used for autonomous water supply systems for private houses and cottages is a centrifugal pump for a well or well.
The main working element of such equipment is a wheel, on the outer surface of which curved blades are fixed. When the impeller rotates inside the working chamber, the blades capture the liquid located there and begin to move with it. Thus, the centrifugal force begins to act, which throws the liquid to the walls of the working chamber, where an excess pressure is created, which ensures the expulsion of the liquid medium into the pressure line. When these processes take place in the central part of the chamber, an air rarefaction is created, which ensures the suction of a new portion of the liquid medium through the inlet pipe.

Centrifugal devices are among the best submersible pumps for wells. This is related to the following.

Working according to the principle described above, centrifugal pumps are able to generate a liquid flow with a powerful pressure, which allows them to be used to pump water even from very deep underground sources and transport it through a pipeline system over long distances.
These pumps have impressive performance.
During operation, centrifugal hydraulic machines create a minimum amount of noise.
A wide variety of models of centrifugal pumping equipment offered on the modern market allows the selection of a pump of this type, which will optimally match the required parameters.

Among the disadvantages of centrifugal pumps, it should be noted:

the complexity of the design and, accordingly, maintenance and repair;
rather high cost;
significant reduction in service life when used for pumping contaminated liquid media.

vortex pumps

Submersible vortex pumps operate on a principle similar to centrifugal devices, but differ from them in a simpler design. Such devices also have an impeller with blades of a special configuration, and on inner walls their working chamber is made with special grooves. This design allows not only to act on the pumped liquid by centrifugal force, but also to impart turbulent acceleration to its flow. Thus, vortex-type pumping equipment creates a fluid flow with even more powerful pressure and pumps it with even greater productivity than centrifugal devices.

Other advantages of vortex type submersible pumps include:

lower price than for centrifugal devices;
a fairly simple design that facilitates their maintenance and repair;
almost complete absence of noise and vibration during operation;
the ability to effectively pump liquid media, which contain a certain amount of air or any other gas, which allows the use of such equipment not only for domestic, but also for technological purposes.

The disadvantages of vortex-type equipment, which do not allow us to call it the best pump for a well, include:

inability to work with liquid media, which contain even a small amount of solid inclusions;
not too long, when compared with centrifugal type devices, service life.

In order not to constantly encounter problems in the functioning of the autonomous water supply system that arose due to malfunctions in the operation of pumping equipment, you should know how to choose the right submersible pump for a well. The pump you choose will operate efficiently and will not require frequent maintenance. Maintenance and repair if you answer the questions below before purchasing it.

What tasks will the plumbing system have to solve, to equip which a pump is purchased in the well? Such tasks, in particular, can be the use of water for household needs and work household appliances watering the garden, washing the car, etc.
To what depth will the pump go into the well to pump water? You should also take into account the thickness of the water layer in the well and its flow rate, so as not to constantly encounter the problem of incorrect operation of the pump, which has selected all the water from an underground source.
What is the degree of contamination of the water in the source? Knowing this information will help determine exactly which submersible pump better fit for the well.

After the answers to all of the above questions have been received, we can say that the problem of a submersible pump for a well (which one to choose from a number of models) has been solved.

The choice of a pump for a well is carried out according to such parameters as:

the pressure of the liquid medium flow, which the pump is able to create in order to ensure its lifting from a certain depth of an underground source and transportation through the pipeline to all water intake points;
performance, indicating how much water per unit time the pump can supply to the plumbing system;
the degree of water pollution with which the selected device is able to work;
material for the manufacture of the pump housing and its internal elements (these characteristics affect the durability of the device, as well as the quality parameters of the water that it will supply to the pipeline system);
the presence of additional options, elements of automation and protection;
drive motor power;
electrical parameters, dimensions and weight;
trademark under which the pump is released, as well as the guarantees provided by the manufacturer.

Having decided which submersible pump suits you best in terms of basic parameters, choose a model with some margin in terms of pressure and performance. This is explained by the fact that any of the elements of the water supply system creates hydraulic resistance, which is quite difficult to take into account when performing preliminary calculations. That is why, choosing a pump, the technical characteristics of which somewhat exceed the calculated values of the parameters plumbing system, you definitely will not encounter the problem of its inefficient operation.

Following the above recommendations, you can solve the question of how to choose a pump for a well yourself. However, when choosing a submersible pump, it is worth consulting with a specialist from the selling organization, from whom it is desirable to obtain information on which service centers in your region, maintenance and repair of the equipment of your choice is carried out.

Submersible pump for well WSN 1000D 1000W, 40m max, 5.5m3/h max, 35.0 m max art. J1000WSND Waterstry

Art. J1000WSND

Multistage submersible centrifugal pumps of the WSN-D series are designed for pumping clean rainwater, drainage and ground water, which does not contain abrasive substances and long-fiber inclusions from wells, storage tanks, tanks, etc.
The pump is equipped with a modern multi-stage hydraulic system with closed impellers (4 pcs.) and passes small impurities up to 1.0 mm in size.

Purpose:
For pumping clean or slightly polluted, chemically non-aggressive water from wells, shallow wells with an internal diameter of at least 50 cm, as well as surface water sources.

Applications:
When the pump is equipped with a pressure regulator (relay, press control) and pressure membrane tank the optimal solution for supplying water to a pressurized water supply system in the domestic sector is obtained.
Recommended for irrigation systems in agriculture and horticulture.
WSN-D is ideal for wells, rainwater storage tanks, storage tanks, swimming pools, clean ponds, etc.

If necessary, the pump can be used to completely drain new flooded areas.

Advantages:
low weight and dimensions due to the use of composite materials and stainless steel sheet;
sufficiently high pump pressure;
built-in thermal motor protection;
Mounting is allowed in both vertical and horizontal positions.

The upper location of the pressure pipe allows the operation of the electric pump even with partial immersion, because. in this case, the cooling of the electric motor is provided by the flow of the pumped liquid, washing the motor inside the casing.
The pump is equipped with a float switch, which provides reliable protection against dry running, and also allows automatic restart after the restoration of the water level in the source.

Well pump IDROGO M40/08 N07RN-F G 1 1/4 0.6 kW ~3x400V 50Hz with rubber cable 20 m art. 1582030004 Ebara

Art. 1582030004

5" Submersible monoblock well pumps Idrogo (Ebara, Italy) made of AISI 304 stainless steel are used in water supply and irrigation systems. Pumps of these series are ideal pumps for wells, as they provide water lifting from depths that are not accessible to centrifugal ejector pumps. Due to cooling motor pumped by the pump, have better cooling compared to borehole pumps, which minimizes the possibility of overheating during long-term continuous operation.Unlike borehole pumps, they are less sensitive to solid particles contained in water.
Application:
Supply of clean water from wells, cisterns and reservoirs.
Household water supply systems.
Garden irrigation.
Carwash.
General pressure booster.
Technical data:
Equipped with a double mechanical seal with an intermediate oil chamber.
Supplied with 20 m power cable type H07RN-F (5 m for IDROGO 40/06 M).
Single-phase version with optional float ("A" version).
Three-phase 230 V ±10% 50 Hz version available.
Mounting: horizontal or vertical.

Pump technical data:
Maximum working pressure: 10 bar.
Max. liquid temperature: 40°C.
with 20 m cable max. immersion depth (version "A")10 m.
with 20 m cable max. immersion depth 17 m.
with 5 m cable max. immersion depth 2 m.
Maximum solids passage 2.5 mm.
Outlet connection G1¼.

Engine technical data:
Asynchronous self-ventilated 2-pole motor cooled by the pumped liquid.
Insulation class F.
Electrical safety class IP68.
Single-phase voltage 230V ±10% 50Hz, three-phase voltage 230V ±10% 50Hz, three-phase voltage 400V ±10% 50Hz
Always on capacitor and built-in thermal protection with automatic restart for single phase motor.
For the three-phase version, thermal protection must be provided by the user.

Materials:
Outer casing, motor cover, mechanical seal bottom, filter and circlip in AISI 304 stainless steel.
Impeller, diffuser and spacer in PPE+PS reinforced with fibreglass.
AISI 431 stainless steel shaft.
Upper mechanical seal (motor side) in Graphite/Ceramic/NBR and lower seal (pump side) in SiC/Graphite/NBR.

Submersible well pump SB 3-45 M (without float) art. 97686704 Grundfos

Art. 97686704

Features and Benefits

Submersible well pump SB 3-35 M (without float) art. 97686700 Grundfos

Art. 97686700

Grundfos SB is a submersible well pump for water supply systems. It is used for efficient pumping of clean water from wells and rain storage tanks. The well pump is available in two basic designs:
with built-in mesh filter (perforation 1 mm);
with side entry, which includes a flexible suction hose and a floating mesh filter (perforation 1 mm).

In both versions, the SB Grundfos pump can be supplied with or without a float switch. The float switch can be used for automatic operation or for dry-running protection.
Pump options (model)
Built-in strainer with float switch A
Built-in strainer without float switch M
Float filter with float switch AV

Features and Benefits
Silent operation. When submerged, the SB pump runs silently and is therefore a cost-effective alternative to non-submersible pumps.
High reliability. The SB well pump is made of composite materials and stainless steel, resistant to corrosion. In addition, the pump is equipped with a stainless steel filter that prevents large particles from getting inside.
Built-in protection. The pump is equipped with thermal overload protection.
Float strainer. The float strainer model sucks water just below the surface, where the water is clean and free of solids.

The SB series pump is a submersible auxiliary pump for pumping clean water, particularly suitable for pumping rainwater. The pump is supplied in two basic versions:
with a mesh filter on the suction line of the pump (mesh with a hole diameter of 1 mm);
with lateral suction line, which includes a suction tube with a floating mesh filter (mesh with a hole diameter of 1 mm).
If the distance from the wall of the tank (well) to the pump is more than 1.5 meters, it is recommended to use a model with a side entrance.

If the distance from the wall of the tank (well) to the pump is less than 1.5 meters, a model with a mesh filter is recommended.

Mounting Features:
Maximum immersion depth:
SBA 3-35 - 10m;
SBA 3-45 - 10m.
Maximum height difference from pump to hydraulic tank:
SBA 3-35 - 13m;
SBA 3-45 - 20m.
Minimum free length of the float cable from the float to the fixation point: 10-18 cm.

Submersible well pump SB 3-35 AW (with float, suction hose, filter) art. 97686703 Grundfos

Art. 97686703

If the distance from the wall of the tank (well) to the pump is less than 1.5 meters, a model with a mesh filter is recommended.

The surface pump is located next to the well or in the house, and the submersible is lowered into the well. In well models, the suction hole is located at the bottom, so the pump works even if it is not completely submerged in water. A float switch activated when the water level drops prevents dry operation. It is recommended to maintain a distance of one meter from the pump to the bottom of the well, no less. This prevents the pump from sucking up silt and sand from the bottom.

Pumps differ in the way they function:

Centrifugal - with an impeller screw, when rotated, the screw creates an area reduced pressure and water is sucked in.
Vibrating - water is pumped by a piston, which is the moving part of an electromagnet.

Pump models differ in pressure, functionality, performance.

Pumps for ten-meter wells: make the right choice

The height of water lifting for centrifugal and vibration pumps is up to 60-70 meters. The lineup vibratory type includes pumps with a capacity of up to 1000 liters per hour, centrifugal ones can work ten times more productively.

Advantages of the vibration pump - simple design and energy efficiency. With the same power, the performance is higher for a vibration model than for a centrifugal one.

Disadvantage: Vibration sets the ground in motion. The sandy bottom rises during prolonged operation of such a pump. Buildings can suffer from ground vibration.

Pumps for ten-meter wells: the price depends on the design

Vibratory pumps are cheaper than centrifugal pumps, with equal power. For intermittent use, not too long, buyers choose a vibration pump. If you need to pump water constantly, then they take a centrifugal one, although it is more expensive.

Characteristics of pumps for ten-meter wells

Water must be raised to the surface and delivered to the place of consumption. Therefore, pumps for ten-meter wells are chosen with a margin for the height of the rise of water.

Models of vibration pumps designed to lift water to a height of more than 10 meters are few in number. Buyers prefer centrifugal well pumps to supply water from a ten-meter well
type.

The power of vibration pumps is 250-300 W, and centrifugal

develop a power of 0.5-2 kW.
The performance of a 300 W vibration pump will be 16 l/min, and the performance of a centrifugal pump with a power of 1.1 kW will be 150 l/min.

A huge selection of pumping units that differ from each other not only in performance, but also in the device, the principle of operation, can put you in a difficult situation. Which pump to choose for a well and how to work flawlessly, economically and meet all the requirements? It will not be difficult to answer this question if you understand all the nuances, consider not only characteristics various categories of equipment, but also auxiliary equipment, automation. It is equally important to identify the most reliable manufacturers of equipment.

All pumps that can be used to supply water from a well can be classified according to the principle of action:

screw,
centrifugal,
vortex,
vibrating.

Depending on the installation method and location pumping units can be:

superficial,
submersible.

Comparison of surface and submersible models

By the name of these categories, it is clear that some are installed on the surface, taking water from a source using special pipe or a hose immersed in a well, the latter work in the water column. However, the installation location is not the only difference; models of these types with equal power will have different capabilities and technical characteristics. Comparing pumps for wells - how to choose a unit can be understood by the operational capabilities of the models.

surface models

Surface pumps are most often installed next to the well, but in some cases they can work "afloat", for example, on a raft made of foam or other buoyant and moisture-resistant material. In the second case, it is important to calculate the capabilities of the floating support and correlate them with the mass of the unit.

When choosing a surface pump, special attention should be paid to the lifting height, this parameter differs for different models, but usually does not exceed 8 meters. For greater depth, it is recommended to choose submersible models, but in the case when the excess of the depth of the well is not large, you can use a surface pump with an ejector. A fairly simple device, the principle of which is based on the formation of a vacuum with an increase in the speed of the water flow, increases the ability of the unit to lift liquid from a great depth.

Main advantage surface pumps - ease of maintenance and repair, accessibility for visual inspection.

disadvantages, in addition to restrictions on the height of the rise of water, it can be considered a higher noise level and vulnerability to external factors compared to submersible models.

If the surface unit is used seasonally, it can be protected from precipitation with a canopy. With year-round use of equipment, it will be necessary to install it in a heated, insulated room or in order to avoid freezing.

Submersible units

A deep well pump is usually used when the water is below the level of 8 meters and, as a rule, is installed in such a way that about 50-100 cm remain from its bottom to the bottom. If the bottom is closer, the risk of capturing bottom sediment will increase. The quality of the supplied water will decrease, and the probability of failure of the pumping unit, designed to work with clean water, will increase.

Which submersible pump to choose for a well is determined, among other things, by lifting characteristics, which are higher for this type of units compared to analogues.

In addition, such models are recommended to be installed in cases where the well is close to the house or outdoor recreation area. The mass of water above the unit absorbs sound waves, so the noise level during the operation of such models is noticeably less. When choosing pumps for submersible wells - which one is better decided by the unit meeting the requirements for performance and pressure.

The disadvantage of submersible pumps is the complexity of maintenance. Even in order to inspect and check the unit, it is necessary to stop its operation and remove the equipment from the well using a cable.

Centrifugal and vibration models

Considering the features of the work various models, it is easier to choose the optimal pump for specific conditions.

Vibratory pumps

The vibration water pump for a well differs from all other designs in the absence of rotating elements. This nuance can significantly increase the wear resistance of equipment.

Instead of a classic motor, an electromagnetic coil works in vibration pumps, which attracts a piston rod when current is applied. At this time, a vacuum is created in the pump chamber, water is sucked in. The next moment of work is the disappearance of the current, the stop of the stroke of the rod. In order for the water not to go back, the check valve is activated, therefore, under the pressure of the piston, the liquid moves into the space behind the piston. At the next oscillation, the appearance of current and the movement of the piston will ensure not only the absorption of liquid, but also the pushing of water from the space behind the piston into the supply pipeline.

Such reciprocating movements of the rod can be considered vibrations, which is why the pump got its name.

The installation of vibration models is generally safe for the well. The exception is springs on quicksand. Due to the low density and strength of the soil, vibration can cause deformations in the soil layers and, as a result, the destruction of the well structure.

Reliable vibration pumps are also low cost, which makes this option very attractive for equipping a water supply system, if in other respects the selected model is also suitable for specific conditions.

Centrifugal pumps

The principle of operation of centrifugal pumps for wells for water supply is based on the formation of centrifugal force during rotation of the working element, under the influence of which water passes from the filled chamber into the pipeline, forming a rarefaction zone into which the next portion of liquid is sucked. The direction of water movement is determined by the pressure in different sectors of the pump: reduced at the center of the rotating wheel, increased at the walls.

Structurally, the working element is a wheel mounted on a shaft with blades placed on it. The bend of the blades is against the course of the wheel.

Submersible well pump Grundfos centrifugal type

Exploitation centrifugal pump has its own characteristics. The unit can only be switched on when it completely submerged in water. This allows you to avoid a dangerous “dry run” for the equipment and protect the model from damage during a power surge. When operating a centrifugal model, it is important to control the water level, so a submersible well pump with automatic equipment comes with or with the simplest float, which will eliminate the possibility of air entrapment when the level drops.

Centrifugal pumps will be the best answer to the question of which pump is best for a well in which water contains small insoluble impurities (sand). The content of impurities in water can reach 185 g/m3. To protect against the abrasive action of sand, it is better to choose models with stainless steel cases. If the water is clean and the unit's operating mode is not excessively intense, you can choose cheaper models with plastic cases.

Tip: If there is a large amount of impurities and sand in the water, you should pay attention to the vibration pump, which is more resistant to pollution, of course, if its performance suits you.

Well Pump Selection Criteria

Which pump to choose for water supply from a well is determined by the technical characteristics of the models. They must meet the requirements, therefore, before buying, it is important to determine the required values \u200b\u200bof the main parameters.

Power

The power value determines the ability of the unit to create a certain pressure and affects the performance of the equipment. However, you should not assume that for the effective operation of the system it is enough to choose the most powerful unit. Power far exceeding the required value can cause excessive pressure in the pipeline, extrusion of gaskets, and ruptures. In addition, a powerful pump for a well to the country house will quickly pump out the volume of water available in the mine, and this will lead to frequent switching on and off, and rapid wear of the unit.

Performance

Productivity is the amount of water that a well pump for house water supply is able to pump over a certain period of time. Correct selection This characteristic will ensure uninterrupted water supply even during peak loads. For the calculation, it is necessary to summarize the fluid flow at all water intake points in the house.

If the exact value of the parameters is not known, you can use the following guidelines:

washbasin - 300 l/h,
shower - 700 l / hour,
toilet bowl - 83 l / hour.

If a bathhouse and an irrigation system are connected to the water supply system, it is necessary to add 1000 l / h for each of these objects.

Of course, the likelihood that all water consumption points will work simultaneously is not great. Such calculations determine not the nominal, the maximum maximum value of water consumption.

An automatic submersible pump for a well that does not have the required performance means not only interruptions in the water supply at home, but also an increase in the likelihood of accidents during the operation of equipment sensitive to water supply.

pressure

The pressure characteristics of the pump determine its ability to lift water to a certain height from the depth of the well and transport the liquid along horizontal lines to the points of water consumption. When summing up the pressure for lifting and pumping, every 10 meters of horizontal distance is equal to 1 meter of lift.

For example, with a well depth of 7 meters and a distance of 20 meters from the house, the calculated pressure is calculated as follows: 7 + 20/10 = 9 meters. If the house has more than one floor and it is planned to install water intake points above the first floor, this should also be taken into account in the calculations. For the example under consideration, when installing a water pipe on the 2nd floor, the pressure value will be equal to 7 + 20 / 10 + 4 \u003d 13 meters, where 4 is the approximate height of the second floor of the building.

Important: When making such a calculation, it is always necessary to choose the head pressure of the unit with a margin, since there are certain losses in the pipeline, which depend on the specific water supply scheme.

One of the popular representatives vibration units- This . Its main advantages are sufficiently high reliability at a minimum price.

With a small depth of the water source, ready-made surface pumps can be used.

And if you want to learn about using plastic pipes, then we have a separate article on this topic.

Extra options

When choosing a model, additional parameters are important that will help to make the necessary calculations.

Static levels

Static levels are the depth of the mine and the level of the position of the water mirror when the well is filled. Both values are easily measured using a string with a load: the depth of the well - until the load reaches the bottom, the level of the mirror - until a characteristic splash when the load enters the water.

dynamic level

The dynamic water level in the well indicates the intensity of the liquid entering the mine. This value is also called the source debit. You can determine the dynamic level by pumping water from the mine. When, despite the operation of the pump, the water stops decreasing, the dynamic level of the well is reached. In springs with a high dynamic level, the position of the water mirror changes insignificantly during pumping.

Shaft diameter

The diameter (or side length with a square section) of the shaft is needed to calculate the volume.

Optional equipment

The safety of the pump and the efficiency of the water supply help to ensure additional equipment.

Floats and level sensors protect against air intake, dry running and air pockets.
Continuity of supply and economic operation depend on the presence or storage tank.
Hydraulic accumulators are equipped with controls for switching on and off the pumping unit.

Popular manufacturers

Which pump to buy for a well should be decided individually, but it is preferable to choose it from among models of well-known brands.

Gardena(Gardena) - efficient and quiet German pumps with double gaskets and reliable engine protection. Embedded check valves optimize the performance of the unit.
Baby- a series of several models of vibration pumps, characterized by simplicity of design and low cost (for such a submersible pump for a well, the price will be only 2000 rubles). Should not be used for continuous operation. Head - 40 m, productivity depending on the model 432-1000 l / h.
- an economical centrifugal submersible pump for domestic purposes from a Kharkov manufacturer. Suitable for pumping drinking water.
Gilex- a series of submersible centrifugal units Vodomet A with efficiency increased due to the use of a special design of "floating" wheels. Comprehensive protection from idling and lowering the water level.
Grundfos(Grundfos) - a large range of submersible and surface models made of stainless steel from Denmark, which have proven themselves in the market. Can be used for drinking water.

How to choose a pump for a well, this question always arises when we supply water autonomously. Which pump for a well is better, we will consider in this article. After all, there are dab well pumps and dzhileks well pumps, and here it is completely unclear what to give preference to.

This should be determined by certain parameters. After all, these are just brands of products, but by types they do not differ so much. The video in this article will help you make the right choice.

Choosing a well pump

Specifications influencing pump selection

Which pumps are better for a well according to technical characteristics are determined based on the required performance and pressure.

Calculation example

The calculation takes into account:

Overall performance.

A person needs 200 liters of water per day. A family of three will need 600 liters of water. You also need to calculate the maximum flow rate when all family members use water at the same time:

the shower turns on - 9 l / min;
faucet in the kitchen - 6 l / min;
faucet in the yard - 6 l / min.

The total flow is 21 l / min - the maximum figure. If you have a personal plot, you need from three to five liters a day to water the garden. The indicator may vary depending on the composition of the soil and weather.

Head.

This indicator can be calculated taking into account the height of the water rise and the length of the pipeline:

the height is calculated by the difference between the height of the area where the pump is located and the highest point of the water intake;
the length of the pipeline is calculated taking into account losses for every 10 meters one meter of loss.

The instruction offers the following formula for calculating the water pressure when choosing a pump:

H = Hgeo + (0.2 x L) + 10…15 [m], where
H is the required pressure, in meters;
Hgeo - geometric height from the installation to the highest point of water intake, in meters;
0.2 - coefficient of hydraulic resistance of the pipeline;
L - Lengths of the discharge and suction pipes, in meters;
10 ... 15 - addition to common sense to provide the required outlet pressure.

What is the best pump for the well now we will understand in detail. Here it is necessary to determine the power and method of application.

They are united by one thing, the possibility of installation with your own hands and there is on this topic detailed instructions for each type. So, how to choose pumps for a well.

A budget option

"Brook"	It has a head up to 40 m and a standard capacity of about 0.43 m3/h. If you want to supply water to several water points at once, the power of this device will not be enough. If you need simple watering or a set of water in the tank, then it can be used with confidence.
"Watering"	It has similar characteristics with the previous model, but has increased productivity up to 0.9 m3/h.
TAIFU	Pumps of an experienced company operating in the production of these products for more than 20 years. The product range of this company includes more than 600 units.
"Aquarius"	It also produces good models of pumps, which in the kit have a fairly long electrical wire and a nylon cable.

Types of pumps for wells

All pumps for wells that potential buyers can purchase in the respective stores are divided into Various types depending on the characteristics underlying certain classifications.

So, pumps can be classified:

By the nature of the design: vibration pumps, pumps using centrifugal force, pumps located on a certain surface; pumping complexes or stations.
According to the method of water delivery.
By the force of pressure (the height to which it is necessary and possible to raise water).
According to the quality and composition of the transported substance: water without impurities, water with a small proportion of impurities, water with a large proportion of impurities.
According to the power level of the pump.
By fault tolerance and the period of normal operation of the device itself.
By price.

It is not surprising that many even experienced buyers run up their eyes from such a variety. So how do you choose the right pump for your well and your situation?

Submersible pumps

How to choose pumps for wells by type of immersion in water and functions. Here is some division.

Submersible centrifugal force devices

Outwardly, this pump looks like a cylinder made of stainless steel; it contains:

An engine in a sealed space using centrifugal force.
Impeller, with the help of which water is brought out.

Attention: Such a device must be constantly immersed under water during operation, as it must be constantly cooled.

To avoid overheating, auxiliary means are used here:

"Frrogs" - floats;
Switches made of bimetallic materials;
Automated digital systems.

Preference in terms of reliability and convenience, perhaps, should be given to a pump for a well with a float.

Attention: As already mentioned, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions when operating a submersible pump.

Also, do not forget that they require uninterrupted power supply during their work, which will lead to the need to lay a power cable to the well. On the one hand, this will allow creating a very convenient, in some cases, remotely controlled operation of the system; on the other hand, such work will require additional investments

Submersible Drainage Pumps

Such pumps are needed if necessary:

Pump out a large volume of water in a short time;
Clean the well like a pro.

Advantages	The obvious advantages of using such devices include: Possibility of pumping both clean water and water with a high proportion of impurities. Large volumes ( we are talking about the distillation of tens of cubic meters per hour). Well empty protection system using floats: this unit works reliably in sewers and drainage ditch.
disadvantages	The cons are: Little pressure. Only up to 10 meters of height to which the water will rise (small excess pressure). Due to the ability to use almost any water, this pump cannot be used for pumping potable water.

Submersible vibration pumps

Such devices are often used by vacationers in summer cottages as "seasonal", especially when it comes to supplying water to the house, as well as watering the site.

Attention: For quicksand wells, centrifugal or surface pumps are suitable.

Surface pumps

Their properties:

Positive differences	Strong pressure. Low fault tolerance and durability, due to the fact that the pump is not in the water. High performance. Ease of use and prevention. No power cable is required. Permanent readiness of the pump for long-term operation. You can pump clean and dirty water.
Negative differences	Low suction lift up to 9 m. The ejector allows you to increase the suction height up to 20 meters by reducing the reliability of the system. Loud noise during operation, which can only be “hidden” by the walls of a separate technical room under the pumping station. The ability to work with the water suction line, that is, to monitor its constant filling.

Overview of surface pumps

Name and photo of the pump	Brief description and cost
	This series of pumps from the popular Italian manufacturer Pedrollo is designed not only for pumping clean water, but also other non-aggressive liquids. This is a multi-stage centrifugal self-priming pump, the body and working parts of which are made of stainless steel. Such a model can be used not only in a drinking well, but also in a drainage well, as well as for pumping water from a tank or pool. Moreover, it can work with a liquid cooled to negative temperatures, in the range of -10C + 40C degrees. With a capacity of 7.2 m3 / h, and a suction height of 7 m, this model develops a pressure of up to 50 m. Such a pump costs about 13,000-14,000 rubles.
	And this is a single-stage pump, with a horizontal casing, one of the European manufacturers Grundfos (Denmark). It is intended only for pumping clean water, and is used in autonomous water supply systems and for irrigation. The characteristics of the pump are as follows: flow 3.5 m3/h; head 40 m; suction lift 8 m. Can operate at temperatures environment+55 deg. Equipped asynchronous motor and a built-in ejector, it works almost silently. It costs about 12,000 rubles.
	WP9741A from German company Sturm is also designed for pumping clean water, but can be used not only in drinking water intakes, but also in open water bodies. With a supply of 3.3 m3 / h, it has a head of 20 m, and can even pump hot water. The pump body is made of cast iron, has a fairly compact size of 235 * 315 mm. Weighs only 5.5 kg. The pump costs about 5000 rubles.
	This German-made, is designed not only for water supply, but also for watering garden plantings. With dimensions of 573 * 296 * 255, it weighs 13 kg, and, as you can see, it has wheels for moving, as well as a foot switch. In addition, it is equipped with a remote remote control and built-in automation that allows you to program the mechanism for irrigation. In general, for country house this is one of the best options. The pump housing is plastic. The performance of this model is 6 m3 / h, the suction head is 8 m, and the head is quite large - 60 m. Estimated price is 10,500-11,000 rubles.
	Made in Spain, ESPA multistage pumps are equipped with a built-in ejector and self-priming valve. They work without pre-filling the pipeline, and are not sensitive to air entering the water. The pump body is made of reinforced polyamide, the working parts are made of stainless steel. The supply of the model 1250M is 4.5 m3 / h, the head is 39 m. With dimensions of 220 * 385 mm, it weighs 10 kg, the suction height is 9 m. Such a unit costs about 7500 rubles. The pump is designed for pumping clean water, and can be used to increase the pressure in the system, pump water from reservoirs, supply it to the pool, and water.

Accessories for pumps

Some manufacturers produce not only pumps and, but also various components for them, with which you can supply water at home and automate the operation of the device.

This set includes:

Surface pump;
Control relay;
Hydraulic accumulator.

To get started, you only need to connect these elements to the water supply. Now in stores you can find units that absorb water on their own. Such pumps do not need a filled suction line with water.

The usual laws of physics apply here: the pump begins to operate as soon as water enters through a hole made in the housing. Most best view work for such pumps is periodic short sessions.

Which pump to choose for a well, you can now decide. Their price is quite different, for example espa has a good reputation, so its price will be higher.

Look at the photos, compare the parameters and make your choice. And you will not have a question, advise a pump for a well.

We make the installation of the pump in the well

Here you can apply more than one option.

You will determine this specifically for your option:

Attention: To ensure stable and continuous operation of the pump, you must adhere to one important rule– the distance from the bottom to the lower edge and the distance from the mirror to the upper edge must be at least one meter. Otherwise, the pump may stop due to clogging with sand or when the water level in the well drops.

An example is an attempt to install a borehole pump 60 cm long in a well with a water level of only one and a half meters. Therefore, the choice of pump type and installation option must be considered individually. For example, to prevent sand from being sucked in, it is sometimes advisable to install a circle of harmless, non-corrosive material at a height of 5-10 cm from the bottom of the well.
The durability of any electrical equipment depends on the number of turns on and off, so hydraulic accumulators are installed to increase the service life. These devices allow you to accumulate a certain volume of water, smoothing out impulse effects on the system during a short-term supply of water. By introducing a delay element, the accumulator prevents the pump from turning off when the tap is closed and provides a water supply system in the absence of electricity.

Surface installation

This design is best if you use it only in warm weather:

We make the installation near the well. The platform must be firm and level;
We fill the body with water;
We prepare a hose of the desired diameter and lower it into the water;
We make a connection to the power supply;

Attention: A hose with a mesh should be used to pump out water. This will be the filter. In this case, you should pay attention to the location of the hose, the smoother the better.

When installing the pump in winter period it will be necessary to carefully insulate it. To do this, it is necessary to provide xenon made of iron or concrete. As a heater, it is most optimal to use foam. For laying pipes, you should choose a depth, more from soil freezing. Warm her up. It is best to use electric heating, there is a detailed article on this topic on our website.

How to install a submersible pump

The instruction indicates that the installation of a deep pump must begin with the connection of the pipeline.

In addition, submersible pumps for wells, how to choose, you need to consider:

The maximum pressure of the mechanism should not be higher than the maximum pressure that the installed pipes can withstand.
Ordinary hoses can be used for watering the garden and vegetable garden, as well as filling containers. The elements are connected through a plastic sleeve.
The pump is permanently installed when it is used regularly. It is necessary to pull out the device for prevention, if necessary, repair in case of a breakdown.
It is necessary to lower into the well very carefully.
For connection, metal or plastic pipes are taken.
The cable of the unit is fixed.

Tip: The cord is best arranged in pressure pipe, which prevents the cable from being damaged, and the installation of the pump will be facilitated. It is strictly forbidden to lower the unit by the power cable.

The nylon cable must be passed into special eyes located on the device, and a spring suspension must be attached to its ends.
After the preliminary work, the pump is installed in the well.

Sanding in vibrating and centrifugal pumps

Experts complain that sanding of wells is a significant problem in Russia. This happens when the well is installed incorrectly.

Many people, wanting to save money, install wells on their own, without using the services of professionals. As a result, wells are not made in the best place.

So:

To avoid sanding, you need to opt for centrifugal well pumps.
Vibrating structures should not be used for wells, since water is constantly circulating during the reciprocating movements of the engine. Because of this, the well is soon filled with sand. But the vibration pump can be installed in the well.
It should be borne in mind that instructions are attached to all models, where the manufacturer informs the buyer about the maximum pressure and performance characteristics. During operation, this will be approximately average.