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How and from what you can make real asphalt yourself. Technologies and recipes for making high-quality asphalt with your own hands. Asphalt. How to weld asphalt at home DIY mini asphalt plant

The reliability of the asphalt pavement depends on the use of high-quality components in the mixture, their uniform mixing, maintaining the temperature regime during manufacture and storage. In addition, the planned place for laying the asphalt pavement should be located as close as possible to the place of its production, so that the time for transporting the material is as short as possible.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

The main advantages of asphalt paving are:

  • affordable cost, especially in the case of low-tonnage applications;
  • opportunities fast food in the factory;
  • durability of the coating, subject to the technology of manufacture and installation;
  • the relative ease of laying asphalt in the presence of special equipment.

The disadvantages of asphalt concrete are:

  • a sharp decline specifications when heated under the influence of sunlight;
  • evaporation of bitumen during heating and the release of harmful fumes;
  • the need to maintain the required temperature until the laying of the asphalt pavement.

At the same time, despite the presence of serious shortcomings, a price alternative to asphalt concrete has not yet been found. The path of paving slabs will come out noticeably more expensive.

Work to improve the quality and versatility of the material is being carried out as part of the selection of more effective mixtures. Good performance is obtained by adding polymer mixtures and reducing volume fraction bitumen.

Purpose of constituent components

Asphalt concrete with and without mineral powder.

The first asphalt was made on the basis of natural bitumen. Then they began to use bitumen, obtained as a result of oil distillation, by heating liquid hydrocarbons. Today it is the most common binder for the production of asphalt mixes.

Sand, gravel or crushed stone in asphalt play the role of the main working fillers. Sand is needed to more evenly distribute pressure within the asphalt layer and fill voids between individual stones. Together with bitumen, it binds larger stone fractions, holds them and does not allow them to go up beyond the layer.

Fractions of gravel and crushed stone determine the group of asphalt concrete and its area of ​​application. All asphalt pavements are conditionally divided into three groups according to density, depending on the size of the stones used:

  1. dense, with a fraction of gravel 5-10 mm, for paving yards, sidewalks, paths and other coatings with a low load;
  2. porous, with a stone size of 10-20 mm, for laying the lower layers in multilayer coatings;
  3. highly porous, with a crushed stone fraction of 20-40 mm, for use on critical sections of highways.

This porosity distribution determines the ability of asphalt to pass moisture and remove it to the drainage layer for further removal to the ground. Therefore, highly porous material is more difficult to lay, but its service life is much longer.

Finely powdered chalk, limestone or sandstone are added as mineral fillers. They fill the last residual voids and make the paved path more homogeneous. Moreover, the best mineral filler is made from sandstone, as a chemically neutral substance.

When adding crumb rubber, crushed to a size of 1.0-1.5 mm, plasticity and hydraulic stability increase. Therefore, asphalt with it is often used to cover the roof of workshops. industrial enterprises. Asphalt concrete with rubber crumb is less likely to crack and has springy properties.


Reinforcement with polymer mesh.

Polymer additives in the form of reinforcing plastic fibers significantly increase the strength of the material. This cooking technology is used only for the most critical areas. The strength of an asphalt path can also be increased by adding cement to it, but in this case limestone cannot be used as a fine aggregate.

Do-it-yourself asphalt production

Do-it-yourself asphalt does not allow it to be used for laying roads and city streets. However, such material can be effectively used for arranging garden paths or sites with a small weight load during operation. To make asphalt with your own hands, you will need:

  • ordinary, even if not washed sand;
  • gravel or crushed stone of fine fraction;
  • solid bituminous resin with a melting point of not more than 120°C;
  • wide tub or concrete mixer;
  • metal barrel and bucket;
  • shovel;
  • wide sieve or metal grid for sifting sand.

Prepare a dry mix of sand and gravel in a bucket or concrete mixer in a ratio of 1:2 by volume. Set the barrel on a stand and light a fire under it. Pour a bucket of water inside.

At the same time, put a bucket on another fire, filled with a third of water. When the water in the bucket begins to boil, put bitumen in it to heat and melt. Pour crushed stone into the barrel sand mixture. Boiling water in a bucket and in a barrel will maintain a temperature regime of 100 ° C.

Pour the gravel-sand mixture into the barrel and wait until the water boils. Boil the bitumen in water until the bitumen melts and the water gradually boils away. Then pour the molten bitumen into a barrel with gravel-sand mixture and start stirring actively. Mixing is recommended metal pipe or other durable object. At the time of transfusion, there should be boiling water in the barrel; hot bitumen cannot be poured into cold water.

The ratio of the volume of bitumen to the volume of crushed stone-sand mixture is approximately 1:15. More precisely, the density of asphalt can only be determined visually.

In order to improve the plasticity of the asphalt mass, simplify mixing and facilitate subsequent paving, special or liquid detergent. The plasticizer is added in accordance with the instructions, liquid detergent at the rate of 1 cup per 40-50 liters of asphalt.

As soon as the water boils away, the homemade asphalt is ready and can be laid on the track. If by this time you have not finished preparatory work, then add water to the barrel again. At the same time, keep in mind that you can only add boiling water, cold water, falling on a hot surface, can instantly boil and cause burns.

Asphalt paving

Do-it-yourself laying work begins with the adoption of planning decisions and markings. At this stage of work, it is necessary to clearly define:

  • with track location;
  • its width and height above ground level;
  • with the type of curb and the height of its installation;
  • with drainage areas.

When determining the location of the track, one should take into account the presence of possible underground utilities, the location garden trees and direction of slopes for rainwater runoff. After making decisions, you need to hammer pegs around the perimeter of the future asphalt pavement, determining its exact contours.

According to the marked contour, it is necessary to dig the so-called “trough” or trench, 15 cm deep. Lay a layer on its bottom, which will prevent the germination of weeds and allow moisture to freely go into the lower soil layer.

Install and fix the curb and fill the “trough” to the top with rubble. The surface must be carefully compacted. The durability of the asphalt pavement depends on the quality of the tamper.

Next, you should buy asphalt or prepare it yourself and lay it on top of the rubble with a layer 4-5 cm thick at a time. Preliminary leveling can be done with an inverted rake or a wooden squeegee.

During the leveling process, it is necessary to check for slopes using building level. Compaction of the asphalt layer on the garden path is best done.

It should be noted that the process of laying asphalt with your own hands depends on weather conditions. These works should not be carried out at low temperatures and in damp rainy weather.

Asphalt Recycling Technology

The need to save money in the repair and construction of new roads with asphalt pavement led to the development of an efficient recycling system (secondary use of materials). In this case, the processing of asphalt removed from the road surface is carried out, both in stationary factory conditions and in mobile equipment at the place of work.

According to this technology, the asphalt concrete pavement is removed using a special mechanism with a mechanical cutter - a remixer. Further, the removed material is crushed to a fraction of crushed stone and can be used for the preparation of dry mixes for the construction of a road base and backfilling of suburban highways and roads.


Asphalt base.

According to the second technology, the collected and crushed material is placed in a furnace and heated without access to fire to 170 ° C with the addition of the required amount of fresh bitumen and additives. This method of processing is widely used in the repair of city streets and yards, since the price, production and laying of asphalt in this case is much lower.

Recycling asphalt at home

Old asphalt mix pavement allows home builder to build on personal plot comfortable and neat asphalt walkways, which may well replace paving slabs. Such do-it-yourself asphalt can also be used, for example, to cover the floor in a garage or in front of it.

It is necessary to remove only the top bituminous layer. The removed material must be broken into pieces as small as possible. The maximum fraction should not exceed 40 mm.

Method for testing the quality of asphalt pavement

Each manufacturer of building materials is obliged to issue a certificate of conformity of product quality to state standards to the buyer of asphalt. To do this, the plant must have a certified laboratory that can conduct the necessary set of tests. In addition, in all major cities there are independent laboratories for checking the quality of construction and the manufacture of materials.

At the construction site, the check is carried out by drilling a core of a given diameter from the roadway, followed by the restoration of the road surface. Externally, the quality of the imported asphalt can be determined by its temperature and the presence of a black greasy film on the surface.


Improvement of the territory near the dacha, house, cottage is a complex and multifaceted task. It is necessary to put up a fence, break up the lawn, plant flowers, shrubs, trees. But the first step is to make a competent entrance to the house. Set up walking trails. Otherwise, dirt and slush will quickly nullify all the fabulous beauty of your farm.

Paths and driveways to the house can be concreted, but this is short-lived and not very attractive. You can lay tiles or paving stones - beautiful, but very expensive. There is also a golden mean. A win-win option is to lay the asphalt yourself, but in this case, you will have to buy or rent it.


Asphalt pavement is very popular among owners of private houses. Firstly, laying asphalt at home is practical and easy. There is nothing super difficult to pave the yard with your own hands. Secondly, asphalt is a material that has unique properties and features. Thanks to them, he:

  • Not subject to deformation and damage. Repair is rare. If there is a need for repair, the damaged area can be easily and inexpensively repaired.
  • Wear resistant. Long service life
  • Has excellent waterproofing
  • Resistant to temperature differences, which is important in our latitudes. Does not react to frost, heat, showers and snowfalls
  • Resistant to oils, acids and other chemicals

Pavement Comparison Table

Asphalt concrete pavement concrete pavement Paving stone cover
The composition of the coating material crushed stone - 10 cm; asphalt - 4 cm crushed stone 10 cm; reinforced concrete - 10 cm sand - 10 cm; DSP - 10 cm, tile
Deadline for completion of work (example: area 300 sq.m.) 2 days 3-4 days of work; 2-3 days the concrete dries; final strength after 28 days 7-10 days
Life time 7-10 years old 5-7 years 20-30 years old
maximum permissible loads passenger transport freight transport pedestrian loads, occasionally light vehicles
Other benefits fast and traditional you can do the work yourself beautiful, individual, environmentally friendly: convenient for renovations
Other disadvantages evaporation of bituminous resins is possible in hot weather, not environmentally friendly does not tolerate temperature changes more expensive than asphalt and concrete; do not like women in high heels; needs washing
Price* 200 UAH/sq.m. 250 UAH/sq.m. 300-400 UAH/sq.m.

*prices are for the period 2016-2017.

And finally, a good argument - asphalt pavement is inexpensive! Compared to tiles and paving stones.


Asphalt reviews are unanimous: a properly laid asphalt path will last a very long time. And her appearance is always neat and well-groomed. It is only necessary to observe the laying technology.

Before laying asphalt with your own hands, draw up a work plan. There are main stages of this process, and there are intermediate ones. Certain milestones in asphalt paving include:

  1. Preparatory stage
  2. Excavation
  3. Laying the base under the asphalt. Sealing all layers
  4. Asphalt laying. Ramming and compaction

As you can see, laying and compaction are reusable works. After all, both the base and the asphalt are laid in several layers. Each layer should be well compacted.

When compacting soil, sand, gravel, crushed stone, the process of “squeezing out” unnecessary air from them occurs. The structure of the soil or other loose flooring is reinforced. This will help to avoid subsidence of the soil in the future. The compacted asphalt will not give cracks and bumps. It will be smooth and beautiful. Correctly and efficiently compacting the preparatory flooring, and then the asphalt, means increasing its service life several times. Which method of compaction is better to choose depends on the size of the site and your capabilities.

There are three ways to compact asphalt. different ways:

  • ramming
  • roll out
  • Vibrate


Ramming. The most popular and widespread type of compaction of asphalt, sand and stones. Done with . This technique is used by contractors. You can order their services. But many users on the net advise that it will be cheaper to rent and do the work yourself. The vibrating plate will quickly make consolidation of a loose flooring. She is agile and easy to handle. It is only necessary to choose the correct size of the working base. If the area is large, then the stove needs a large size. If for the track - less. For decorative narrow paths, they are perfect (in the popular way - “vibro-legs”). The essence of its work is the same as that of a vibrating plate - compaction and ramming with the help of blows. But the working area is much smaller. It is compact and lightweight. It's easier to work.


Rolling. More acceptable for large areas. Can be done with a roller. It can be a light hand roller. For overall areas, a professional mechanized ice rink is often ordered. This sealing method is more expensive. It does not apply to footpaths.


Vibration. For its implementation, a special device is used -. It moves and vibrates at a certain frequency in the asphalt mix. At the same time, it removes air, water and other impurities from asphalt quite well. But the vibrating screed is mainly intended for concrete and silicate mixtures. It is rarely used for asphalt. You need to moisten it so that the asphalt does not stick. The asphalt mixture should be of the same consistency as concrete mortar. If the process goes right, and everything works out, then the result of the work will be a perfectly flat and smooth surface.


The first thing to do is to clearly define for yourself the scope of the proposed work. Draw a diagram, take accurate measurements. The entrance to the garage, the exit of their site, the paths between the flower beds - all this needs to be presented and arranged beautifully and in detail. Mark on your diagram where and how the underground utilities are located. Be careful not to damage plumbing system, gas pipes, electrical network go cable communication.

Calculate what thickness of asphalt you need: 3-4 cm is enough for pedestrian paths, 5-7 cm for car entrances. The estimated layer thickness lets you know how much asphalt mix needs to be ordered.

One of the important preparatory stages is the drainage system. Design a ditch where the water will flow. Otherwise, during heavy rains, your asphalt will be covered with deep puddles.

When laying asphalt at home, all the little things and nuances are important. Even a large tree growing near an asphalt path can cause irreparable damage to the coating in the future. Its roots will grow and may even break the asphalt sheet.


Before laying asphalt yourself, you need to remove the top layer of the earth. Level the area. Doing it manually is laborious, but possible. used bayonet shovel. But if the area for asphalting is large, then you need to use special equipment. It is best to hire a bulldozer or excavator. Often used and mini-grader.

The advice of professionals on how to deeply remove the earth layer for asphalt is unambiguous. It all depends on what exactly you are going to pave. If this is a small decorative path, it is enough to remove 10-15 cm of soil. After all, the load on it will be small - only on foot. If the load is planned to be high (passage of a car), a layer of 25-30 cm should be removed. For frequent passage of heavy equipment - up to half a meter. It turns out, as it were, a shallow pit for your asphalt pavement. In a word, the deeper - the more reliable.

The land that has been removed must be removed from the asphalt laying area. If it is black soil or turf, then use it on the lawn.

Sturdy asphalt base - guarantee of its durability


The soil is prepared, but this does not mean that asphalt can be laid. You need a solid foundation for it. The base for asphalt pavement is of two types:

  • Rigid (reinforced concrete slabs). Expensive. For homework - unprofitable.
  • Non-rigid (stones + sand cushion).

For laying asphalt at home, we recommend a non-rigid base. To do this, pour a layer of large stones, compact. Then a layer of small ones. Tampering again. No need to pour too thick layers of stones. For paths, 5 cm is enough, and for car driveways - 15 cm. Stones mean gravel, crushed stone or broken bricks. The most popular and hardy - crushed granite. But, if you have stocks of old household bricks, then it is also an excellent base for asphalt. It just needs to be well sealed. The stone base is sprinkled with a layer of sand.

When ramming the last layer - sand, you need to generously pour it with water. So it settles and compacts better and faster. Do not skimp on good equipment - a vibrating plate or a vibrating leg, because the quality of the base largely determines the life of the asphalt.

Rammed down? Now install the borders on the sides. You can lay out decorative side stones. The curb is the completeness and accuracy of the asphalt path. But its purpose is not only to decorate the asphalt. He is responsible for the integrity of the coating. It is necessary so that the asphalt does not spread over time.


It is most convenient to order ready-made asphalt mix. Do-it-yourself cooking is difficult and expensive. It is cheaper to buy at an enterprise that specializes in the manufacture of asphalt mixtures. It will meet all standards. There are two types of asphalt: coarse-grained and fine-grained. Coarse-grained is of the KZ-7 brand (ideal for paths), and KZ-10 (for driveways to the house). Fine asphalt is poured on top of the coarse fraction. So the cover will look perfect. Dirt will not settle in it. Asphalt mix is ​​delivered hot. When laying it, the temperature should be at least 105 degrees Celsius. If the asphalt is colder, then you need to spend more time ramming or rolling it.

Therefore, start laying asphalt immediately after its delivery. If the paths are narrow - throw a shovel. And immediately ram them with a vibroleg. If the area is large, order an asphalt paver and an asphalt roller. The roller must move smoothly and steadily along all paving lanes. If the surface is sloping, then the roller only travels from the bottom up!

Don't forget these important tips:

  • First lay a large asphalt. Seal. Then - fine-grained. In fine-grained asphalt mix, a vibrating screed can be used. If you need little asphalt - only for paths, then take completely fine-grained. It will be tighter.
  • And the vibrating leg, and the vibrating plate, and the vibrating screed and the skating rink - all working surfaces should be moistened with water. Otherwise, the asphalt will quickly stick, and the work will stall.
  • Do not leave joint seams unrolled. They occur during the passage of the rink and with a large vibrating plate. Immediately tamp the seams at the junction of the strips so that they do not have time to harden.
  • 1 ton of asphalt will cover well 10 square meters area. The layer will be 10 cm thick.
  • Do-it-yourself asphalt laying in good weather. Not in the cold and not in the rain. Best of all - dry and sunny weather.

Observing such simple technologies, you can put excellent asphalt at home. No need to hire contractors - do it yourself. Your asphalt will stand for a long time, and look well-groomed and durable.

Hot asphalt and step-by-step instructions for its production

The main components of this material are crushed stone, ordinary river sand, bituminous resin, as well as polymeric materials for laying on the surface. The last component is not always used, as it is expensive, they are used mainly in the construction of motorways and highways. Despite the fact that all the components can be found in the shed, it will be a little difficult to make a paving in the country. You need to seriously prepare for this process.

We need a container for mixing the “ingredients”, a hearth of fire (can be a fire) for 6-8 hours continuously, about 100 liters of water to cool the suspension, as well as one of the pastes so that everything is kept in a pile. Resin or bitumen (preferably) can play its role. Consider step by step instructions for manufacturing.

Step 1 Prepare the container.

The first step is to make a prototype of a concrete mixer, since it would be irrational to “kill” an expensive and useful item. For our purposes, a metal barrel from oil or diesel fuel, in which a branded product is sold, is suitable. If you don’t have one, you can buy it for a penny (or borrow it free of charge) from any farmer or from the company itself, which pours oil into retail containers. They are often thrown into scrap metal as a waste product. We close the lid, in the center from the bottom we drill holes with an electric drill. We thread a metal rod (pipe, corner, square, etc.) and scald with inverter welding so that there is no leak anywhere. We weld an L-shaped twig to one of the edges, it turns out a “spit”.

Step 2 Mix the ingredients.

We pour crushed stone into our “concrete mixer”, add a little sand (2: 1) there, mix everything thoroughly. You can’t collect wet building materials - they will immediately stick together, and it will be very difficult to pick them off the metal walls.

Step 3Heat bitumen and polymer additives.

AT separate container(it is best to take a 15-liter bucket) we need to heat the bitumen to a boil, for better elasticity, you can add shampoo to it. It then burns out, but it will be much more convenient to interfere. We also add polymers and plasticizers there.

Step 4 Mix everything together.

You don’t need a lot of imagination here, just take and add boiling bitumen to a preheated barrel with crushed stone and sand. Important: you can not mix if the barrel and all the components are not warmed up - the bitumen will quickly cool down and it will be unrealistic to stir. For convenience, you can first add 50 liters of water to a barrel and bring to a boil. After that, pour in the bitumen and stir until the water evaporates.

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees, exactly what we need for bitumen to make it fluid and sticky. Remember that you can not overheat this material - it ignites at a temperature of 170 degrees, so watch the water. Just finished - pour it out!

Step 5 Fill in the holes.

The area in which you will pour the asphalt must be thoroughly cleaned, preferably blown out with a compressor. After pouring the hot mixture, you need to take a roller or any other tool (rammer) and compact the material. Be sure to moisten the metal of the tool with water so that it does not stick to the bitumen during tamping.

If you follow the instructions, then making asphalt at home will be safe, fast and even very interesting!

What is cold asphalt and what is its feature

Quite recently, a rather interesting product, polymeric asphalt, came to the territory of Russia. Its peculiarity is that it can be laid absolutely at any temperature. Tests have shown excellent viscosity and stickiness even at -20C, which makes it possible to repair roads or make an entrance to the cottage even in winter.

It includes fluid bitumen grade SG or MG 70/130, characterized by increased viscosity. It also contains special plasticizers and modifiers that act similarly to "cold welding". Due to this, even at negative temperatures, it is possible to obtain excellent result. The paths will have increased strength and will last much longer than conventional asphalt. The technology has been introduced for more than 5 years in Russia, and now anyone can buy such material.

It makes no sense to look for a method of how to make asphalt with your own hands, since cold technology implies a high-tech manufacturing process under pressure and is not available at home. Its cost is much higher than the usual road surface, so it is rarely used in industry. But each summer resident can buy the right amount to make paths in the garden or a small driveway for a car. You can buy in a regular store. Installation does not require special knowledge: just pour the mixture into the right place and compact with any convenient way, even car tires.

How to make new asphalt from old pavement

Another very popular method to ennoble a site without much capital investment is to use the old pavement as the main raw material for the manufacture of a new one. To do this, we need about 100 kg of the old coating that is thrown away during the repair of the highway, fresh bitumen, 10 kg of resin for elasticity and a concrete hardener. Consider step by step what needs to be done.

we make a concrete mixer using an electric drill, an oil barrel and a twig as described in the first section of the article.

Step 2 Grind the ingredients.

With a hammer it is necessary to break all the large pieces left from the old road. Check that the fraction of all components is fine, up to 40 mm. Add some sand there, mix everything. We begin to heat the barrel with the old asphalt and sand placed in it, pour 60-70 liters of water, bring it to a boil and “cook the soup”.

Step 3 Prepare the solution to be added.

Now it's time to take care of the liquid term. Since the old pavement already contains some bitumen, we will need 50% less bitumen. That is, we take about 10 kg of bitumen and 10 kg of resin for 100 kg of material, heat it to a boil. Then pour it all into a heated barrel with other components, mix thoroughly with a metal rod.

Homemade asphalt from free components is ready. Now it remains to pour it into pre-cleaned pits or onto a site prepared for laying. Such material will serve you for more than one year and will be no worse than "branded".

grounde.ru

How and from what you can make real asphalt yourself. Technologies and recipes for making high-quality asphalt with your own hands. Asphalt.

It would be more expedient to fill a layer of sand (at least 5 cm) on top of the asphalt, fill it with water and start paving paving slabs.

In order to save money, today they often resort to the restoration of asphalt that has already been in use. Let's take a closer look at how to use old asphalt and what it takes.

The secondary use of asphalt is possible only after regeneration, which is carried out at the plant. But this process is simple and quite allows you to do all the work yourself.

Having carefully tamped the soil in the place of future asphalt laying, we equip a pillow of sand and gravel, water it and re-compact the layer. This completes the preparation of the base - now you need to acquire the source material that remains with you after the dismantling of the old coating, or simply buy old asphalt. You will also need a few kilograms of bitumen and physical strength.

In order to melt the old asphalt, we load it into a metal container along with the purchased bitumen and heat it up. To do this, simply place the container over the fire. We constantly stir the composition until it melts to a homogeneous mass, after which we add a little more crushed stone and sand so that the mixture has a crumbly consistency. The recycled asphalt can then be laid on top of the previously formed base. To avoid sticking of the composition to the surface of the stacker, it is possible to treat the sealing surface of the device with old oil mining.

That, in fact, is all you need to know about how to use old asphalt at home.

Recycling of asphalt at the plant, as mentioned above, is carried out by the regeneration method. In this case, while mixing the molten composition of the old asphalt, new mineral fillers and plasticizers are sometimes added to it, in addition to standard bitumen.

Recycling of asphalt to improve the efficiency of recovery plants, it is better to do it after grinding. Also, this method significantly increases the degree of accuracy of the batch recipe. But, in this case, it is necessary to additionally deal with the sticking of asphalt material on the working elements of crushers.

The solution to this problem was thermal crushing in steam plants. In such aggregates during crushing, the material is heated up to 80°C. But this is abroad, and in domestic production, in order to regenerate old asphalt, in the standard version, conventional installations are used to mix such compositions. Also, additional equipment for the storage, transportation and dosage of asphalt concrete mix is ​​used.

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How to make asphalt with your own hands

Asphalt is often used to improve the local area. For the manufacture of asphalt mass, use the advice and instructions of specialists, which are given in this article. They will help to perform all operations with high quality and get reliable construction material for paving the road.

Components of the asphalt mass and tools for their preparation

Depending on the technology that will be used to produce the asphalt mix, you will need the following set of raw materials and tools:

  • natural mountain asphalt;
  • sand;
  • bitumen;
  • crushed stone;
  • water;
  • Bulgarian;
  • drill;
  • metallic profile;
  • mixing container.

Hot asphalt production

Establish the production of hot asphalt for the needs of private household careful preparation and study of the technology of the process will help. The composition of the asphalt mass includes bituminous resin, fine gravel, sand and artificial polymers. For their mixing and subsequent heat treatment, a refractory container is used. Fuel is prepared to maintain the required temperature based on 8 hours of burning. 100 liters of water will be needed to cool the mixture.

Method of making hot asphalt:

  1. Choose a working capacity.
  2. We mix dry sand and small gravel.
  3. We heat the bituminous resin and polymers to the state of a fluid mass.
  4. We introduce plasticizers into a heated container with sand and gravel.
  5. Stir until a homogeneous suspension is formed.
  6. We use asphalt paving.

Benefits of cold asphalt

Cold asphalt is a modern building material that is used for quick repair and improvement of roads. The high functionality of the suspension is determined by the SG bitumen. The plasticizer of this brand is characterized by high viscosity and retains plasticity at low temperatures.

The production of cold asphalt is a complex high-tech process, which cannot be recreated in the conditions of subsidiary farming. But, due to the wide distribution of the material in the construction market, summer residents can purchase it at ready-made. A mass of cold asphalt is laid on the site and compacted using improvised tools.

Asphalt from the old roadway

As a raw material for the production of asphalt mass, pieces of destroyed pavement can be used. Thanks to this technique, you can easily ennoble the site without the need for large investments.

Pavement reuse technology:

  1. Grind pieces of canvas to a fraction of 0.4 cm in size.
  2. We add sand, water and bring the mixture to a temperature of 100 ° C.
  3. For 100 kg of processed mass, we prepare 10 kg of bitumen and resin, bring to a boil.
  4. Mix everything that's left.

Asphalt from previously used components is a cheap building material for the construction and repair of pedestrian and motor roads. With careful preparation of raw materials and correct styling, the wear resistance of such a coating does not differ from cold or hot asphalt.

postroy-prosto.ru

Do-it-yourself asphalt laying: laying technology

Garden paths should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. Exist different materials for their paving, but many of them are expensive. The most economical option, presumably, would be asphalting the tracks.

To understand how to lay asphalt with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the features this process.

Types of asphalt

Asphalt is allocated according to the method of production:

  • Natural. It is formed as a result of hypergenesis and oxidation of heavy oil fractions.
  • Artificial. It is obtained in the factory after mixing mineral powders, crushed stone, sand and bitumen.

Asphalt products are popular, so manufacturers are improving its composition and manufacturing methods. Thanks to this, new varieties of artificial raw materials appear.

Composition and application of hot asphalt

Consists of gravel, mineral powder, viscous bitumen and sand. During production, the components are mixed under the influence of high temperatures, and a homogeneous black mass is obtained.

It must be laid a few minutes after manufacture, since when it cools, the level of adhesion to the surface deteriorates and a poor-quality coating is obtained.

Features of cold asphalt

It differs from other types in that it uses liquid bitumen, and not viscous. In the manufacture of a resinous mass, components are added that slow down the curing of bitumen.

Cast compound pavement

The composition includes the same components as in hot asphalt. However, the cast contains twice as much mineral powder and bitumen. Distinctive features coatings - a small thickness and relief. Operational characteristics are 2-3 times higher than those of other types.

colored asphalt

It can be attributed to cold and hot asphalt, as it is produced in the same way. The composition includes colored dyes and crushed stone, because of which the resinous mass got its name.

Asphalt crumb

There are two ways to make it: crushing and milling old layers of asphalt. The quality of the crumb depends on the cutter and the composition of the processed mixture.

How to lay asphalt

Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt

The material is actively used to create country paths, since it has many useful qualities:

  • durability;
  • tolerance to sudden changes in temperature;
  • dense coverage;
  • resistance to deformation;
  • waterproof.

There are also disadvantages that manifest themselves during the use of asphalt in a summer cottage:

  • on hot summer days, it evaporates, and harmful substances enter the human body;
  • the coating is not suitable for decorating the territory, as it does not fit well with garden styles;
  • if the styling is done incorrectly, then during severe frosts it will begin to quickly collapse.

Preparing for styling

Asphalt laying begins with preparation. It is carried out in several stages.

Planning

First, marking is done and the thickness of the crushed stone cushion with asphalt coating is determined.

It is necessary to understand exactly what thickness will need to be laid

When updating the yard surface, it is enough to pour 10–20 cm of sand and lay a 5–7 cm layer of asphalt. When asphalting the driveway of a private house, a more durable coating is made. The thickness of the crushed stone cushion should not be less than 40 cm. The asphalt should be laid in two layers with a total thickness of 15–20 cm.

earthworks

Before carrying out land works, the territory is checked for the presence of vegetation with large roots, which must be disposed of.

In the place where the asphalt will be laid, the top layer of the earth is removed with a shovel. When carrying out larger-scale work, it will not be possible to cope manually and you will have to use special equipment. Excess soil is removed so that during rains it does not wash up on the road. At the end of the process, the prepared land is compacted with a roller.

Foundation preparation

After completion of land works, crushed stone is poured onto the compacted piece of land in several layers. First you need to pour larger stones, and then put small ones. Each layer of rubble has its own purpose:

  • a small stone helps to evenly distribute the asphalt layer;
  • the middle one contributes to the uniform distribution of the load;
  • large acts as a drainage.

Large crushed stone is necessary in laying asphalt

During the laying of crushed stone for water runoff, a slight slope is made towards the ground or water collectors.

The crushed stone base is compacted with a roller. It should run over the surface about five times. When paving a large yard, it is recommended to use a roller with a mass of about 3-4 tons and a built-in vibration function. This will ensure that the surface is well sealed. Sometimes special equipment cannot reach some places and a vibrating plate is used instead.

Asphalting

After creating a crushed stone base, you can start laying. For this, material of different grain sizes is used. It is difficult to prepare a high-quality resinous mixture at home, so it is better to purchase it. The benefits of using a factory mix include:

  • saving time in production;
  • use of quality material.

To lay asphalt in the yard, it is necessary to use fine-grained material. It is laid in one layer 5–7 cm thick.

When creating an access road, the material is placed in several layers. Fine asphalt is laid below, and coarse asphalt is laid on top. The coating is compacted with a roller and filled with bitumen for a better connection of the layers.

Laying on the old coating

To figure out how to properly lay asphalt on an old surface, you need to familiarize yourself with some of the nuances.

The process of preparing the ground changes slightly if the work is carried out on a paved surface. In this case, it is not necessary to carry out land work and it is enough to repair the old coating. It is completely cleaned of debris and dirt, after which the damage on the surface is filled with bitumen, and a new asphalt layer is laid.

Coating repair

Asphalt paths deteriorate over time. The reasons for this may be different:

  • frozen water in cracks;
  • surface deformation under the influence of high temperature;
  • heavy loads on asphalt.

Also, instead of asphalt, you can use concrete screed or paving slabs.

Laying asphalt with your own hands is not an easy job, which is difficult to cope with without preparation. During asphalting, it is necessary to observe all the technological nuances that affect the strength and durability of the coating.

Related video: How to lay asphalt

promzn.ru

Rubber asphalt: do-it-yourself laying technology

Rubber crumb coating is suitable for footpaths, sports and playgrounds. The material does not collapse under the influence of precipitation, durable, does not lose its original appearance throughout the entire period of operation. Rubber asphalt is so versatile that it allows you to make an original coating for your home with your own hands.

Material Description

What is rubber asphalt? A special set of elements that allows you to independently prepare a working mixture for further installation of the coating. The basis of the finished mass is a colored rubber crumb, which prevents the ingress of water. Laying is carried out on concrete, wood, asphalt. The mounted platform does not collapse and retains its hardness. The material is used to perform:

  • Pavement pavements.
  • Arrangement of stairs, ramps and the area around the house.
  • Installation of sports grounds.

Rubber asphalt in bags can be purchased at hardware stores. For example, similar products are produced in Naberezhnye Chelny, packaging weighing 8.1 kg. The contents of the package are:

Material consumption - up to 2 m2 with a coating thickness of 5 millimeters. The drying time of the surface is at least 24 hours at a temperature of 20 degrees and a humidity of 65 percent. The material is suitable for making a soft surface for the home.

Characteristic

Liquid rubber asphalt allows you to create a seamless and elastic surface with a roughness that prevents slipping. Material advantages:

  • The composition does not include dry powder dyes.
  • It has good wear resistance and moisture resistance.
  • The surface does not require frequent repairs.
  • High level of durability.
  • Installation does not require additional equipment and special skills.
  • The finished asphalt has an attractive appearance and various color scheme.
  • Environmentally safe and does not cause allergies.

The material allows you to implement bold design solutions.

Laying technology

The technology of laying rubber asphalt resembles the installation of self-leveling polymer floors. The following weather conditions are required to perform the work:

  • The air temperature is not lower than +5 degrees.
  • Lack of climatic precipitation.

The working mixture is mounted on a prepared base.

The asphalt base is made at least 5 centimeters thick, and installation rubber coating made in 3 days.

The concrete platform is made up to 10 centimeters thick. If heavy loads are provided, reinforcement is made. Do not forget about the device of unloading seams. Laying of the working mass is possible after 28 days.

The prepared base is primed.

Sequence of work

It is not difficult to make the installation of rubber asphalt with your own hands, the main thing is to follow the sequence and technology. The process consists of the following operations:

  • Site preparation. Rubber crumb asphalt is mounted on a solid base: concrete, wood, asphalt. The concrete surface must be sanded. For better adhesion, the base should be cleaned of dirt and dust.
  • Primer coating. Before laying the rubber material, the site is treated with a primer. To do this, the contents of the packaging bag are mixed with turpentine or white spirit in a ratio of 1: 1. The primer is evenly applied to the surface with a roller or brush.
  • Preparation of the working mixture is carried out in a bag. The contents of the large PU are poured into a mixing bag and mixed thoroughly.
  • Application of rubber. To do this, you need a grater and a roller. The resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the entire area. Compact the coating by tapping and pressing. The surface must dry for 24 hours.

The result obtained will please the owners of the house for a long time.

betonov.com

How is asphalt made? - Interesting articles

The first pavements appeared during the Hittite Kingdom, Assyria, the Achaemenid Empire and further in the Roman Empire. By order of the emperors and kings, the cities were connected by roads made of polished stone and bricks. This greatly influenced trade, the ability to move their own troops, thereby strengthening the economy and enhancing the security of the country. But with the advent of heavy road transport, stone roads became unusable and gradually collapsed under the influence of wheels. For this reason, stones began to be replaced with a more stable asphalt pavement made from petrochemicals.

As a result, today you can see high-quality sustainable roads that do not need constant maintenance. And every time you step on the road or drive a car, you ask yourself the question: how is asphalt made?

Interesting fact: in ancient greece and Babylon, oil clots were used as building material. It was added to the composition of cement to increase the strength and impact resistance of future walls.

What is asphalt made of?

For the production of asphalt, granite or volcanic crushed stone, minerals, bitumen and sand are purchased. After they arrive at the plant, they are loaded into special dryers. In a rotating drum, the operator feeds sand and crushed stone separately on a belt conveyor. At the end of the installation there is a gas or diesel burner, which heats the walls of the drum, thereby drying the components of the future asphalt inside. For drying, an electrically heated unit can also be used. Upon completion of the process, crushed stone and sand are sent for cleaning to drum set under the name "Rumble".

During cleaning, the components pass through grates and filters, and are filtered out from debris, foreign matter, large and small stones. After processing, they are loaded into the bunker, where they are stored until the next stage. With the help of computer remote control and electric shutters, it is possible to measure the required amount of ingredients for production different types asphalt.

Bitumen preparation

Bitumen is produced at specialized factories, and ready-made is brought to the production of asphalt. It is placed in huge tanks-boilers with electric heating, where it is gradually heated to a temperature of 110 - 120 ° C. Before production, it is transferred to another boiler, where it is smelted to operating temperature at 150°C. Bitumen is the result of petrochemical production, therefore, when it is heated, safety precautions are strictly observed. At a temperature of 150 - 160°C, it can ignite and lead to a long-term fire.

asphalt production

The prepared components are fed into special hoppers, from which they are fed by a conveyor belt into the mixing machine. Bitumen, due to its specific properties, is delivered separately by pipeline. Sometimes, to maintain the temperature, the pipeline is equipped with an insulating coating or a heating system.

Cellulosic stabilizing additive is added to some types of asphalt to increase its strength. All toxic vapors are removed by a ventilation system with installed filters for cleaning polluted air. All production control takes place remotely from a computerized control panel.

Interesting fact: the first paved road appeared in the 1830s in England. Then it was first used for the sidewalks of the Royal Bridge in Paris.

All components are mixed while rotating in a heated drum. Under the influence of rotational movements and high temperature, the asphalt is fully mixed until the required properties and consistency are obtained.

Completion of production

The finished product enters the container, where a small part of it is taken for test control. The samples are tested for strength under the pressure of the press and inspect its composition. After passing the Quality Control Department, hot asphalt is sent to the construction of roads by special trucks.

Ready-made asphalt will please everyone who drives a car or walks on it. Its hard and shock-absorbing surface will keep more than one pair of legs and wheels intact.

Asphalt is without a doubt the most popular material for paving roads and sidewalks today. This is primarily due to its unique physicochemical properties and features. Using asphalt as a road surface is a practical and easy solution. Asphalt itself is quite resistant to impact. environment and also has high wear resistance.

Properly prepared and laid asphalt road will serve for a very long time. Also, asphalt pavement is well suited for asphalting small paths, entrances to residential buildings. How to lay asphalt with your own hands?

There are several specific steps in asphalt paving. The first stage: excavation and preparation of the roadbed. Then, on the compacted gravel-sand mixture, the laying of coarse-grained asphalt begins with the compaction of the layer with a special roller. After laying coarse-grained asphalt concrete (grades KZ-7 or KZ-10), laying of fine-grained asphalt begins. One of the popular brands of asphalt is B10 asphalt concrete.

Let's look at the stages of asphalting

1. Stage of earthworks. Before starting, you will need to assess the amount of work, draw up layouts of tracks, entrances and exits. Among other things, it is important to take into account the location of underground utilities and terrain features. This will correctly calculate drainage system so as not to have problems with wastewater disposal in the future. Notice the big trees. Tree roots can tear through the asphalt over time and seriously damage the integrity of the pavement.

The initial stages of work involve the removal of the top layer of soil. Soil removal is done by special equipment (bulldozer, excavator, grader). For larger jobs, you will need excavator rental in Kyiv .

How deep will the soil layer have to be removed? This parameter depends on many different factors and, first of all, on the purpose of the asphalt road. If you are going to make asphalt paths, then it is enough to remove 10 - 25 cm of earth. The greater the planned load on the future asphalt surface, the deeper it will be necessary to prepare the pit.

Be sure to consider this point: when it rains, water should flow into the drainage system and not accumulate on or under the asphalt. The excavated layer of earth should be removed from the asphalting zone even before the start of asphalting. Since during the rains the water will erode the soil, and it will enter the drainage system, clogging the drains. You will need a roller to compact the earth and crushed stone base.

2. Preparation of the base for asphalt laying. In order to make a good do-it-yourself asphalt laying, you need to lay a solid foundation. The base for the pavement is rigid ( road slabs) and nonrigid ( sand, rubble or gravel). In case the load on the coating is low with low traffic intensity, such base parameters will suit you. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entrance to the house, pour crushed granite fraction 40 - 60 mm. (layer thickness 15 cm). For walkways and areas, an embankment of 5-10 cm will be sufficient. Crushed stone requires tamping and compaction, as well as uniform distribution. It is important to note that laying a larger layer is impractical. After laying large crushed stone, granite crushed stone of a finer fraction of 20 - 40 mm is followed. Its thickness is about 10 cm, the last layer is river sand. It is desirable to shed the entire flooring with water so that it settles and becomes more durable.

Compaction with preparatory layers can be carried out with vibrating plates or special laying rollers. The quality of the preparation of the base for asphalting is directly related to the service life of the future coating and its strength.

To prepare the base for asphalt can also be applied reinforced concrete slabs and/or concrete foundation poured from in-situ concrete. This method of preparation for asphalting is rarely used because it is much more expensive in terms of cost. Asphalting with reinforced concrete base do during the construction of runways in the aircraft industry.

As materials for the bases of asphalt surfaces, you can use broken stone and ordinary brick . When using broken bricks, it is important to ensure a high packing density. This base will be strong enough and will be able to successfully withstand heavy loads. However, the laying of broken stone and brick requires a significant amount of time, since the process itself is laborious.

Preparation stage gravel-sand mixture also involves the installation of side stones and a curb. The border is important not only from a decorative point of view, but is also necessary to prevent asphalt from spreading and maintaining the integrity of the coating. For small paths, small curbs can be installed.

Asphalt paving technology

Do-it-yourself asphalt preparation so that it does not lose its advantages and retains its operational properties. The best choice- buy ready-made and hot asphalt concrete at the asphalt plant closest to you. What are the benefits of buying ready-made asphalt?

You get hot finished asphalt, prepared according to a special recipe and fully compliant with GOST.

The cost of finished asphalt from an asphalt concrete plant will be lower than making asphalt with your own hands. On average, 1 ton of asphalt concrete is enough for asphalting 10 square meters with a thickness of 10 cm.

It is important to note that all asphalt work must be carried out at a temperature of at least five degrees Celsius. Choose a sunny, dry day to pave your site. Violation of asphalt laying technology leads to rapid operational wear and ends with the manifestation of premature destruction of the asphalt pavement.

What are the types of asphalt concrete?

There are two types of asphalt mixes: coarse-grained and fine-grained. Fine-grained asphalt is the best in terms of surface quality. It has the smoothest surface on which dirt settles to a lesser extent, which makes cleaning and maintaining such asphalt much easier. All mixes of asphalt concrete (crushed stone and gravel) according to GOST 9128-97 subdivides into types: A, B, C, D, D.

The procedure for laying asphalt after its delivery

As soon as you complete the delivery of asphalt by dump truck, you must immediately begin laying it. For these purposes, you can use an asphalt paver. Narrow paths are covered with asphalt using a shovel, and then tamped with a vibrating plate. Based on the thickness of the asphalt, immediately after it has been spread over the surface, it should be immediately compacted with self-propelled or manual devices.

Depending on the calculation of the load on the asphalt surface, one or more layers of asphalt are laid. For your house (entrance to the house), it will be enough to lay a layer of 5 to 7 cm, and for paths - 3-4 cm.

How to compact asphalt?

Proper and high-quality compaction of asphalt concrete determines its service life. How to compact and compact asphalt? Asphalt can be vibrated, compacted and compacted. Vibrating plate, manual roller, light vibratory roller.

The temperature of the asphalt to be laid must be at least 105 degrees Celsius. The colder the asphalt, the more passes the roller will need to make. The shaft can be wetted with water to avoid asphalt sticking to the surface of the shaft. The movement of the roller must be carried out without reverse movements, smoothly and have the same number of times in all laying lanes. If asphalt is laid on a slope, then its compaction must necessarily take place only from the bottom up. The seams that form at the junction of the rolling strips can be aligned with the perpendicular rolling direction. The protrusion of the roller beyond the uncompacted cooled asphalt should be no more than 20 cm.

How to take care of asphalt?

To maximize the life of your asphalt, follow the 3 golden rules for asphalt maintenance.

  1. Do not allow heavy equipment to enter the track. Especially tracked tractors.
  2. At high summer temperatures, asphalt overheats and can deform under the weight of heavy machinery.
  3. Asphalt requires regular inspection and maintenance. Small holes and cracks should be repaired as soon as possible using bitumen, cement or cold asphalt. cold asphalt- a type of road asphalt pavement that can be laid at temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees Celsius. Compared to conventional asphalt, cold asphalt is significantly more expensive.

Today, asphalt is the main road surface and has unique properties. Therefore, the use of this material will increase every year.

Historians claim that the first mention of something similar to asphalt concrete appeared in the 6th century BC in Babylon. But the technologies of those times were not reliable, plus unnecessarily expensive, as a result, such roads were forgotten until the twentieth century. Construction asphalt concrete pavement in Russia began in 1928 and to this day it is predominant.

What it is

This composition is used everywhere, starting with laying federal highways and ending with the arrangement of city squares and garden paths in private construction.

According to GOST and SNiP, the arrangement of asphalt concrete pavement can be different.

But the general composition of the mixture has remained unchanged for more than 100 years:

  • First of all, bitumen is included as a binder..
  • Sand and large mineral fillers are necessarily present in one way or another..
  • Rounding out the list are various mineral or synthetic additives..

In those days when the composition was developed, natural bitumen was used, but since it is scarce in nature, an artificial analogue was synthesized based on refined products, which is still successfully used by road builders all over the world.

Sand is taken from a quarry, as for a large filler, along with various, crushed rocks and some crystallized slags are widely used.

Natural mineral or synthetic additives are used to increase certain useful properties coatings. In particular, frost resistance, the level of road adhesion, the viscosity coefficient and much more are increased.

What compositions are produced

The range of presented types is quite wide, depending on the percentage of components, as well as on what additives were used, experts divide asphalt into the following varieties.

  1. For the arrangement of sidewalks, garden paths or the inner space of urban courtyards, sand compositions are used.
  2. Fine-grained compositions cover city streets with medium and high traffic intensity.
  3. Coarse-grained asphalt is used as an underlying layer in multi-layer paving technology.
  4. Polymer-bitumen coatings are used in the installation of bridges, volumetric parking lots or road junctions. They have increased strength and durability.
  5. Crushed-stone-mastic types of asphalt are considered the strongest; they are laid on federal highways and high-speed autobahns with increased traffic load.
  6. For stadiums, running or bicycle paths, as well as other sports facilities, there is a rubber-bitumen coating.

Making asphalt at home

The manufacture of a road surface is considered to be a difficult and inaccessible matter. But, nevertheless, there are enthusiasts who are ready for experiments. Of course, such trains are not designed for the federal highway, but in the country it is quite possible to prepare such asphalt with your own hands.

Tip: from experience we can say that a mixture prepared in an artisanal way, of course, is suitable for arranging, but more often it is used to repair potholes on an already finished coating.

Classic recipe

For cooking, we need ordinary river or quarry sand, bituminous resin or bitumen and crushed stone of a fine fraction. From the equipment you will need a metal barrel and a bucket.

It is better to cook asphalt over a fire, as using gas is unsafe and expensive.

  • Initially, we fall asleep crushed stone with sand in a ratio of 2: 1 and mix well. All this should be filled with water and hung over the fire.
  • At the same time, we prepare the bituminous base. To do this, we take a metal bucket and heat the bitumen in it to a boil, synthetic polymers can be added as a plasticizer, but it is cheaper to use shampoo or any detergent.
  • When the resin is warmed up, and the water in the barrel with rubble also boils, they need to be connected. Water is needed so that the crushed stone with sand does not warm up above 100ºС. Next, this broth must be stirred, maintaining a boil until all the water boils away. While the solution is hot, it can be poured.

Important: be careful, at 80 ºС bitumen melts, and at 100 - 120 ºС it boils.
But already at 170 ºС, bitumen can ignite.
Actually, in order to prevent such a fire, we use water.

Use of old pavement

The dismantling of asphalt concrete pavements and foundations can be good stuff for the preparation of new asphalt.

The technology partly resembles the previous version, but with some amendments.

  • The very disassembly of the asphalt concrete pavement is carried out by the old-fashioned method, using a sledgehammer and other impact tools. Only the top layer of asphalt bound with bitumen is used, the road cushion can be left alone.
  • The old road surface is broken into pieces with a fraction of no more than 40 mm. For 100 kg of old asphalt, 10 kg of bitumen is taken.
  • After that, the crushed substance must be poured with water and boiled in a barrel until melted. Further, the technology repeats the above option. The heated bitumen combines with molten asphalt and water evaporates.

cold asphalt

The two methods described above are well suited for economical repair of damaged asphalt in the yard or near the yard. If you need to cover an area with a large quadrature, then we recommend using cold asphalt.

This coating appeared on the market of our country about 5 years ago. The principle of operation here is similar to the well-known cold welding. For the binder, modified bitumen is used, so that it can be laid even at sub-zero temperatures. Instructions are on the packaging.

The only disadvantage of this material is the significant price. But, as you know, asphalt from the factory is released hot and should also be laid hot. Therefore, for remote locations, cold polymer asphalt is the only alternative.

Important: when repairing the road surface, the problem is quality device joint seam in asphalt concrete pavement.
Polymer-based cold asphalt completely solves this problem, as it bonds reliably with any bitumen-based compound.

Rules for laying coatings

The construction of asphalt concrete pavements is a responsible business and it is not so important whether you lay it yourself or hire professionals. Laying and acceptance of asphalt concrete pavement is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89, as well as a number of GOSTs.

Only a specialist can understand these documents, so we have outlined the main provisions of these norms and rules in a more understandable language.

Preparatory stage

Any work begins with markup. You need to clearly decide where the asphalt will be laid. Where will the curb be mounted, and what will it be like. It is also very important to take care in advance that the drainage, drain system and drainage systems are fully installed.

All work on the installation of underground utilities by this time should be fully completed. If you are equipping the parking area or driveways to the office, then it is better to find out in advance where the city communications pass, since, if necessary, municipal services will disrupt your coverage and may still impose a fine.

It was mentioned above about the varieties and purpose existing species asphalt. So, at the preparation stage, you need to choose what kind of material you are going to lay.

Important: the estimate for the installation of asphalt concrete pavement should contain not only data on the cost of the material and the amount of work.
It will be useful to include transportation costs in it, as well as leave a column for unforeseen expenses, such as permission to carry out work from the relevant official or service.

If a footpath or a platform with occasional passage of cars is being laid, then the crushed stone and gravel cushion can be made up to 15 cm thick. The thickness of the asphalt concrete pavement will be in the range of 4–5 cm.

If you are equipping gas stations or any access roads along which, with a high degree of probability, heavy vehicles will periodically pass, then in this case the thickness of the gravel cushion will be about 25 - 35 cm. Plus, the asphalt itself is laid at least 2 layers.

After marking, the arrangement of the so-called trough or foundation pit for the road begins. In urban areas or in private construction, as a rule, roads and sites are made approximately at the same level, so the soil must be selected completely for the entire thickness of the "road pie". Federal highways are equipped with a slightly different technology, but we will not dwell on it.

When the soil is selected, the entire site must be well compacted, this is done with a roller or a vibrating plate. Pay attention to the presence of trees nearby, the roots can tear the asphalt over time, so it is better to remove them immediately if possible. Although the cost of the work will be slightly increased, we advise you to cover the ground with geotextiles so that the vegetation does not break through the coating.

Important: on this stage curbs are installed, they play the role of a kind of formwork for the "road pie".
If, when laying paving slabs, the curb is made below the level of the road, then here, on the contrary.
In this regard, it is necessary to immediately plan drains for water drainage.

Now you can start dumping the crushed stone pillow. For footpaths with a cushion thickness of 10 - 15 cm, 1 layer of crushed stone with a fraction of 30 - 40 mm is sufficient. More powerful foundations are stacked in several layers.

The bottom layer serves for drainage in case of lifting ground water, it is covered with large gravel with a fraction of 40 - 70 mm. The next layer with a fraction of 20 - 40 mm will be responsible for evenly distributing the load on the road base.

The final layer of backfill is made of fine gravel with a fraction of 5 - 20 mm. He will also be responsible for load distribution, but in addition, he will turn the pillow into a dense, monolithic structure.

All laid layers must be tightly packed. For serious coatings, road rollers weighing from 2 to 10 tons are used. Each ball of dumping is compacted separately, the roller must go through it at least 5 times, plus modern road rollers have a vibropress function, which increases efficiency several times. During the tamping process, the surface should be watered regularly.

Tip: in the process of ramming, you must immediately take into account the angle of inclination of the road, on average it is done about 1º per 1 running meter.
To do this, periodically check with the markup or level data.

Asphalt paving

After tamping the cushion, you can proceed directly to the laying of asphalt. As mentioned earlier, for sidewalks and adjacent territories, it is enough to lay a fine-grained composition with a layer of up to 50 mm. Heavy road rollers are also not required, you can get by with a light roller or vibrating plate.

Note!
This type of coating according to SNiP is not recommended to be laid in places for recreation.

More serious objects are paved in 2 layers. In this case, the bottom layer is laid with coarse-grained asphalt at a level of 40 - 50 mm. A fine-grained composition is applied to it almost immediately, which in most cases is the finishing one.

At present, technologies have been developed, according to which a reinforcing mesh of polymeric materials should be laid between the layers of hot asphalt. As a result, the durability and strength of such a road increases significantly. This technology is used when laying federal highways and roads with increased load.

Important: the restoration of asphalt concrete pavement in our country is most often done only with hot bitumen.
Although, according to GOST, thermal profiling of asphalt concrete pavements should be performed.
This procedure involves preheating the roadway to a depth of 2-5 cm.

The mixture must be delivered to the site in a hot state, as a rule, it is brought by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 7–20 tons. After that, the asphalt is evenly distributed manually or by machine along the road plane, observing the slope. On average, 1 ton of asphalt is consumed per 10 m² of the roadway with a thickness of 40 mm.


The construction of asphalt concrete pavements is a weather-dependent process. In the cold season, that is, at temperatures below +5 ºС, work is generally not recommended. Plus, during rain or in wet weather, the quality of laying is significantly reduced, as the composition is moistened and cools faster.

Conclusion

We have outlined the general basic principles of quality asphalt paving, but science does not stand still and technologies are supplemented and improved. In the video in this article, you can consider the process of laying asphalt in more detail.