For top dressing and processing of tomatoes, gardeners most often use traditional fertilizers and preparations, but some vegetable growers also use unusual methods, for example, they feed and fertilize tomatoes with iodine. The need for this element in tomatoes is small, but, nevertheless, they always respond positively to it. Learn how to properly feed tomatoes with iodine and what effect you can get from it.

Iodine for tomatoes growing in home gardens is used in 2 versions: as a fertilizer from which plants can get this element and as a simple and affordable prophylactic and therapeutic agent used to prevent or combat fungal diseases. In the first case, the iodine solution is also used to improve nitrogen metabolism in the soil, thus making some replacement for the traditionally used nitrogen fertilizers such as nitrate.

The use of iodine for tomatoes as a fertilizer stimulates a faster onset of fruiting. Such top dressing becomes especially effective in those cases when it is necessary to cause the onset of fruiting in plants that should already bear fruit in terms of time, but this does not happen due to iodine deficiency in the soil.

The lack of this element in the soil can also lead to a decrease in the overall yield of plants, or to the formation of fruits on tomatoes in a small amount, as well as to their late maturation. It has also been found that this element helps the tomato fruits to quickly acquire a bright red color, that is, it makes them more attractive and tastier, and also enhances their ability to withstand subsequent storage.

The benefit of iodine for tomato seedlings is that it helps them take root after transplantation and takes part in many processes that occur in tomato plants, which means it will be very useful for the growth and proper development of young plants, just like adult tomatoes.

Signs of iodine deficiency

Its deficiency in the tissues of tomato plants manifests itself in various ways, for example, in a decrease in immunity and their resistance to bad weather, various diseases and pest attacks. This is especially felt by plants that begin to suffer from such fungal diseases as brown spot, mosaic, root rot, late blight.

Even if plants do not get sick with a lack of a microelement, iodine is still important for tomato seedlings; if it is deficient in the soil, it can grow pale, thin and lethargic. In many cases, a severe iodine deficiency can even lead to the death of plants, especially in extreme heat and drought, if they are not provided with timely feeding with this element.

Recipes for feeding tomatoes with iodine

There are fertilizers that contain iodine, but in household you can also use the usual pharmacy solution, it can be bought at any pharmacy and at any convenient time. It can be used for any kind of top dressing of tomatoes with iodine: root and foliar. Both of them are equally effective, so many experienced vegetable growers advise not to opt for one of them, but to alternate them to get the maximum effect.

Root

The first top dressing with iodine of tomatoes in the greenhouse and on the beds in open field carried out when the young seedlings have 2 pairs of true leaves. The working solution is made from 3 l warm water and only 1 drop of iodine. Tomatoes are poured under the root with this liquid, spending no more than 0.5 liters per bush. Many vegetable growers have noticed that even after one such top dressing, tomatoes in the beds become stronger and healthier, better resist various diseases (fungal and even viral). The same solution can be used to feed tomato seedlings after picking.

The second feeding of tomatoes with iodine solution can be carried out when they begin to bloom and set fruits. In this case, a composition slightly different from the first is used. It is prepared in the following proportion: 3 drops of pharmacy tincture are diluted in 10 liters of water. The fertilizer consumption rate is 1 liter for each tomato bush.

For watering tomatoes with iodine for the third time (in the fruiting phase), a more complex composition is used. This time, in addition to iodine, ash and boric acid are also included in the feeding solution. The sequence of preparation of this feeding solution is as follows: dissolve 3 liters of ash in 5 liters of heated water and leave the liquid to infuse for about 1 hour. After that, you need to add warm water and bring the volume of the finished solution to 10 liters. Add a vial of iodine solution and 10 g of boric acid to the bucket, mix everything well until all ingredients are completely dissolved. Put the liquid to infuse for 1 day, and then dilute 1 liter of this infusion in a bucket of warm water. The consumption rate of the feeding solution is 1 liter for each tomato bush.

Foliar

In addition to root top dressing, foliar dressings are also carried out, that is, spraying tomatoes with iodine over the leaf. To prepare a simple feeding solution, take 1 liter of warm water and drip 5 drops of iodine solution and 1 glass of low-fat milk into it. Spraying is done only in the early morning or late evening, treating the plants with a spray gun (wet the leaves on both sides).

It is impossible to increase the concentration of iodine when preparing the solution, this can lead to plant burns. After spraying tomatoes with milk with iodine, they begin to grow better, bloom and set fruits.

Recipes for disease protection

It is possible to start treating tomatoes with iodine that will need to be planted on the site already at the seed stage. Soaking the seed in an iodine solution is carried out in order to disinfect it from various infections, as well as to improve the germination and growth of seedlings. A solution of low concentration (0.1%) is prepared for soaking, that is, 1 drop of iodine is dissolved in 1 liter of water. Tomato seeds are dipped into this liquid for at least 6 hours.

Spraying seedlings with an iodine solution helps protect them from such a serious disease as late blight. For this purpose, prepare:

• an aqueous solution of iodine (1-2 drops per 1 liter of water) and 1 liter of whey;
• a solution of milk and iodine (for 10 liters of warm water you need to take 1 liter of milk and 15 drops of iodine);
• a solution of sour milk and iodine (0.5 l and 10 drops, respectively, per 10 l of water).

Spraying with iodine from phytophthora on tomatoes is carried out several times in order to get the desired effect. Many vegetable growers recommend combining the processing of tomatoes with other ways to eliminate this fungal disease, for example, garlic infusion with potassium permanganate or saline.

A very simple option, how to protect tomatoes from phytophthora without treatments and spraying, is to hang iodine in a greenhouse. To do this, hang 1 vial with an open lid in its corners. The tincture slowly evaporates, saturates the air with a microelement and thus protects the tomatoes from infections.

The main nutrients for all vegetable crops, including tomatoes, are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. But, microelements, in particular boron, are no less important for them. It affects not only the growth and development of plants, but also the quantity and quality of the crop. Learn about the benefits of boric acid for tomatoes and the rules for its use at home. If you are a beginner vegetable grower, this information will definitely come in handy.

Boron is a trace element that tomatoes need during the formation of the root mass and flower brushes, the formation of buds, flowering and fruit set. The substance stimulates the growth of young roots, which contributes to better plant survival and rooting.

Adult tomatoes also need boron, it:

• activates the growth of flower brushes;
• increases the number of buds in them;
• promotes abundant and friendly flowering;
• prevents shedding of fruit set;
• increases the ability of plants to absorb and synthesize other substances necessary for them;
• increases the degree of resistance of tomatoes to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, late blight, leaf spot);
• reduces the likelihood of rot disease in wet weather;
• stimulates the transport of carbohydrates to the fruits, due to which their sugar content increases;
• accelerates the ripening of tomatoes.

Despite the fact that boron is necessary for tomatoes in very small quantities, its deficiency greatly affects the condition of plants. With a deficiency of this trace element in tomatoes:

• chlorosis begins, which manifests itself first on old leaves;
• turn yellow, turn brown or blacken, and then the growth points die off;
• there is an increased growth of lateral shoots, which also soon dry out;
• in seedlings and young tomatoes, the leaves become purple;
• stems and petioles become hollow and brittle;
• the number of buds decreases;
• flowering is delayed;
• the ovary falls;
• badly tied or fruit become ugly.

The lack of boron is more often observed on lean and sandy soils, poor sandy loam, alkaline carbonate soils, waterlogged, and also acidic soils after their liming. On light and medium loams and clays, the need for tomatoes in it is not so pronounced. A decrease in soil moisture in hot and dry weather prevents the removal of this element by plant roots.

Harmful for tomatoes and an excess of boron - in such a situation, they cannot grow normally. The lesion is first observed on the leaves of the lower, and then the middle tier. Marginal necrosis forms on the leaves, they turn yellow, die off and fall off, the plant withers. Also, the leaves can acquire a domed shape. The yield is decreasing.

The trace element is found in many fertilizers, but of those that contain it in its pure form, for home use among gardeners, boric acid in the form of powder and borax is popular. The amount of boron in them is 17.5% and 11.3%, respectively. These drugs are inexpensive.

Application

Boric acid is actively used in the cultivation of tomatoes in a variety of situations. As a growth stimulant and antiseptic, it is used in pre-sowing preparation of seeds. The seed material is kept in an aqueous solution of acid for 24 hours, after which it is sown in the ground.

The substance in a diluted or dry form is added to the soil for seedlings and before planting the plants in a permanent place. Such an additive is especially effective on depleted, sandy and peaty soils, where boron deficiency is especially pronounced.

Tomatoes are also fertilized with a solution of boric acid in subsequent phases of development. Microelement plants are supplied with two different ways: using root and foliar dressings. In the first case, the tomatoes are watered with the prepared solution under the root, in the second case, the plants are sprayed on the leaves with it.

Also, fertilizing with boric acid is carried out in order to prevent starvation and treatment. Unscheduled spraying of tomatoes is performed when excessive doses of potash fertilizers are applied to eliminate them. negative impact on plants. Finally, boron treatment is used to prevent tomato diseases, such as late blight. The result is achieved due to the disinfecting and stimulating properties of the solution.

Processing time

Tomato seeds are soaked just before planting. Boric acid is applied to the soil in beds or in greenhouses a few days before plant transplantation. Or they mix it with the ground directly when performing these works. In order not to burn the roots of tomatoes and not provoke their death, the microelement is embedded in the lower layers of the soil.

Plantings are fertilized with boric acid 2-3 times per season, more if necessary. Most often, gardeners prefer foliar methods of delivering trace elements to plants, as they become available to them in the shortest possible time and are fully absorbed.

Spraying a tomato with boric acid for better formation of ovaries is performed for the first time when the first fruit brush is budding. The following treatments are carried out during the period of mass flowering and fruiting of plants. At the same time, tomatoes are fertilized under the root, if they prefer this method of fertilizing.

The treatment of bushes against late blight is done at the end of May or June until visible signs of the disease appear, but not earlier than 2 weeks after transplanting the plants into the ground.

Therapeutic spraying during boron starvation of tomatoes is carried out at its first sign - chlorosis.

Feed preparation

Boric acid is a white powder, soluble in water. To prepare the solution, take the required dose of fertilizer and first dilute it in 100 ml of liquid. In order for the component to dissolve completely, the water temperature should be about 50 ºC, the composition is mixed several times. A working fluid is then prepared from such a concentrated solution of boric acid by pouring it into 10 liters of pure water. Ready fertilizer is used immediately.

1. For soaking seeds, use 0.5 g of the substance per 1 liter of water. Seed material is soaked for a day.
2. Boric acid is applied directly to the soil before planting seedlings or seeds (2 g per 10 liters of water).
3. When used for root dressing, a solution is used at a concentration of 10 g of dry matter per 10 liters of water.
4. To dilute boric acid for spraying a tomato, they say a solution at a concentration of 5 g of powder per 10 liters. Consumption - 1 liter per 10 m 2.

How to process

Regardless of the purpose for which the tomato is fed with boric acid, it must be done correctly. Processing of plants is carried out in dry weather, when there is no rain, and precipitation is not planned for the next day. Early morning is chosen for work, but evening is better. This minimizes the possibility of plants getting burned.

To treat tomatoes with boric acid at the root, they take a watering can with a nozzle and water the ground between the rows and next to the bushes. 1 liter of liquid is consumed per 1 m 2. The tomatoes themselves are not irrigated, leaves and stems of plants are left dry. The result of top dressing is not immediately visible, because tomato bushes take time to get from the ground and absorb the microelement. This treatment can be compared to an intramuscular injection of drugs, which does not begin to act immediately. If the condition of the plants is not critical and top dressing is carried out without delay, it is quite effective.

Foliar top dressing gives a faster effect: spraying tomatoes with boric acid is carried out both in the greenhouse and in the garden in the open field. The assimilation of nutrients through the leaves of plants occurs almost instantly, as if the necessary drug was administered intravenously. Therefore, such treatment is chosen for medicinal purposes and to improve fruit set in adult tomatoes.

To properly carry out foliar top dressing, you will need a good sprayer with a working nozzle for fine spraying of the composition. The solution should fall on the leaves in the form of a mist, and not large drops, and also not flow down them in streams. With foliar top dressing, fertilizer consumption is minimal. For 1 plant, 50-100 ml of solution is needed.

The best absorption of nutrients occurs from the underside of the tomato leaves, so it is necessary to wet the entire plant completely. Achieve it in a simple way- hold the sprayer nozzle in the direction from the bottom up and slightly at an angle to the bush. If it is directed from top to bottom, the processing effect will be less.

Folk remedies for the care of cultivated plants are popular among gardeners. Their effectiveness in many cases is not inferior to chemical preparations. Iodine for tomatoes is used as a fertilizer and disinfectant solution. Its use in cultivation increases the yield. At the same time, one should not forget about the toxicity of the substance, the recommended dosage and frequency of treatment must be observed.

Benefits for plants

The drug is used in horticulture and horticulture because of its main properties - participation in the metabolism of nitrogen and other substances, disinfectant effect, growth activation. The use of iodine for tomatoes is especially valuable due to the fact that plants acquire protection against a dangerous disease - late blight. For this purpose, it is recommended to hang an open bottle with a substance in a greenhouse with tomatoes. At the same time, it is important to ventilate the building as often as possible, if possible, leave an open window for the night. The trace element is highly volatile, toxic in large doses, so you need to provide access fresh air to the greenhouse.

The effect of iodine on tomatoes explains the use of the drug in cultivation:

• improving the absorption of nutrients by plants;
• increase in the quantity and quality of tomatoes;
• disinfection of soil and seed material, disinfection of adult bushes.

Nutrient absorption

Iodine is involved in the metabolism of nutrients, primarily nitrogen. With timely watering of tomatoes with iodine, nitrogen-containing top dressing may not be required. Foliar treatment of green mass in a solution with whey has proven itself well.

As an improvement in nutrition, plants can be watered with wood ash and iodine. Then the active component will promote the absorption of the fertilizer components.

The substance does not replace top dressing, but helps the plant to receive the necessary components.

Improved fruit quality

It has been noticed that irrigation of tomatoes with iodine increases the yield by 10%. During the fruiting period, it is recommended to spray tomatoes with a mixture of whey to accelerate fruit ripening and increase mass. Can be used without dairy product, but follow the technology so as not to burn the leaves of plants.

The use of the drug at the stage of forcing seedlings promotes early flowering, and for adult bushes it helps to get rid of lethargy, yellowness, pale leaves, due to which fruiting increases.

Help fight disease

Treatment of tomato seed material with iodine has a disinfecting effect. Thanks to a wide range action on fungi, bacteria and viruses, the trace element reduces the likelihood of developing diseases by 80%.

When forcing seedlings and in adulthood, watering, spraying with iodine solution is used to treat diseases - phytophthora, various rot, spotting, powdery mildew. Positive results are obtained by preventive treatments with the preparation of the aerial parts and the surface of the soil.

Iodine as a fertilizer

By itself, the substance is required by plants in a minimal amount. The content in the soil, complex additives, organic matter should fully cover this need. In most cases, iodine feeding of tomatoes is carried out to improve the absorption of other components and prevent diseases.

For the first time, the drug is used as a growth enhancer and disinfectant during pre-sowing preparation of seeds. The processed seed material germinates faster, is protected from diseases, and gives strong sprouts. After the formation of 4-5 true leaves on seedlings, tomatoes are watered with iodine solution to raise immunity, accelerate growth and development.

After landing in the ground, root and foliar top dressings are carried out. Solutions are prepared with wood ash, whey and other components to improve the absorption of active substances. A pure solution is more often used for preventive purposes. Iodine improves the formation of ovaries, the formation of fruits, accelerates their ripening.

Signs of iodine starvation

The nutrient is found in the chernozem, soils of coastal areas, lowlands. The farther from the sea, the lower its concentration in the soil. Iodine deficiency is exacerbated by an excess of calcium and chlorine, liming, acidic soil. This reduces the content of the trace element in a form accessible to tomatoes, converts it into insoluble salts.

Outwardly, it is difficult to determine iodine starvation, since the signs are similar to those of diseases, pest settlements, freezing. With a lack of matter, tomatoes often get sick, susceptible to attack by insects.

The intensity of the color of the fruit decreases, the green mass turns pale. The ovary is poorly formed, fruiting is reduced. With such signs, iodine-containing fertilizer should be applied under the root or by spraying.

Top dressing recipes

Depending on the purpose of the treatment, the period of the procedure, the concentration and composition of the iodine solution changes. You can only feed tomatoes with a warm mixture. Components are best absorbed at +24 °C, the lowest possible value is +20 °C.

Commonly used recipes:

• for seedlings of tomatoes, dissolve iodine in the amount of 1 drop in 3 liters of water, water the seedlings with 4-5 real leaves;
• when the ovary is formed on the tomatoes, feed the bushes with 1 liter of solution: 3 drops per bucket of water (10 l);
• a mixture recommended for use during the fruiting period: pour 1 glass of ash into a bucket with 10 liters of water, mix thoroughly, drip 10 drops of iodine;
• another solution when ripening tomatoes: dissolve 0.5 l of sour milk in 10 liters of water, add 2 ml of iodine, feed 250 ml each bush, after watering with clean water;
• for spraying with a mixture of milk and iodine, the concentration should be less: 10 liters of water, 1 glass fermented milk product, 1 ml of iodine.

Subtleties of application in open ground

After transferring plants to a permanent place of cultivation, tomatoes need protection from late blight and other diseases, nutritious land, and timely soil moisture. There are more unfavorable factors in open ground than in closed ground, so culture assistance is required.

Tomatoes only need to be watered warm mixes. If top dressing with iodine is carried out for the first time, then it is advisable to use a lower concentration, be sure to irrigate abundantly with clean water before the procedure in order to avoid root burns. Fertilize early in the morning or evening.

Foliar top dressing in the open field is important to carry out during these hours to avoid sunburn. Ideal for handling cloudy weather. The solution should be well sprayed, trying to get on the underside of the tomato leaves. Watering from a watering can is undesirable. If it rained after treatment, repeat the procedure.

Features of top dressing in greenhouses and greenhouses

In polycarbonate structures, it is easier to create an optimal microclimate for tomatoes. A solution for iodine fertilizer is prepared similarly to open ground. Condensation may form in a film greenhouse or greenhouse, high humidity can lead to the development of fungal diseases.

To disinfect the air, you need to hang an open vial of iodine. Leave the window open at night, especially after spraying or watering under the root with a solution.

Precautions when working with the drug

It is necessary to process tomatoes with an aggressive mixture in protective clothing. When sprayed on tall bushes tomatoes or indoors, it is useful to wear goggles to cover your eyes. Rubber gloves will protect your hands from staining and corroding the skin. It is advisable to wear high, rubber shoes. Keep the door to the greenhouse open, because iodine is a volatile toxic substance. In case of contact with eyes, rinse them with plenty of clean water.

If the planting area in the greenhouse is large, cover the nose and mouth with a gauze bandage or a respirator. It is impossible to stay in a greenhouse for a long time after treating tomatoes with an iodine solution.

What is dangerous overdose for plants

It is important to strictly observe the recommended concentration. When growing a crop in areas with a high content of trace elements in the soil and air, the dosage can be reduced. In regions where there is almost no iodine, plants can get a burn of the root system or leaflets if they are not prepared in advance by treatment with a weak solution. To do this, dilute 1 drop per 5 liters of water. It is necessary to water the mixture at 0.25 l, 0.5 l or 1 l per plant, depending on the concentration, soil type, adverse factors.

Excess top dressing with boric acid and iodine leads to deformation of the brushes and fruits. Do not mix several aggressive components in one solution, for example, potassium permanganate, acids, alkalis. Before watering seedlings or an adult plant, the soil must be abundantly moistened with clean water.

You need to feed tomatoes with iodine 2-3 times during the growing season, not counting the pre-sowing preparation of seeds. An overdose is no less detrimental to plants than a nutrient deficiency. Be sure to follow the safety precautions, the recommended concentration.

For all gardeners and gardeners, it is important to obtain a large and high-quality crop, while without the use of chemical fertilizers and stimulants. In the case of growing tomatoes, spraying tomatoes with iodine with milk is becoming increasingly popular. Of particular importance is the fact that such a method in a small dosage is harmless to both the plant and humans.

By itself, such an element as iodine for tomato seedlings does not play any role in growth and development. If it is not enough or not at all, the plant will not notice it. So why is it needed? The element has a stimulating effect, as it improves the absorption and absorption of nutrients, helps to activate the plant's defenses in the fight against diseases.

There are several ways of getting iodine to vegetable crops. Plants get it from the ground or with applied fertilizers - root or foliar treatments. It should be borne in mind that most often the presence or absence of this element is unknown, since it is not specifically added.

If we consider soils depending on the level of saturation with this element, we can distinguish rich and poor soils. The wealthy are:

• peat tundra;
• krasnozems and chernozems;
• chestnut soils.

The poor are as follows:

• gray soils and forest soils;
• podzolic;
• salt licks;
• burozems.

Before you artificially saturate plants with top dressing, you should take into account the soil in which they grow, the fertilizers applied. Iodine-containing are: manure, peat, peat and wood ash, phosphorite flour. In the presence of suitable soil or top dressing, spraying tomatoes with milk with iodine is carried out only in case of problems that may indicate the need for action.

These are:

• a decrease in the usual level of yield or a significant decrease in the size of the fruit while maintaining normal care;
• late fruiting;
• low immunity of seedlings: their poor growth, disease, death;
• the appearance of fungal diseases;
• manifestation of iodine deficiency: weak thin stems, pale leaves.

Such a fertilizer for tomatoes as top dressing with iodine will help solve the difficulties that have arisen.

The effect of iodine on seedlings

Most often, the element is used as a good helper only for tomato seedlings before the ovaries appear - later its introduction is not recommended. During this period, it helps the vegetable crop to gain nutrients. By itself, this substance is not top dressing. This is a powerful antiseptic, the use of which helps to cope with rot, fungal diseases, and disinfect seeds. Of particular importance is the prevention of viral diseases.

Milk for vegetables

The use of milk in combination with tomatoes carries only positive effect. First, it is an environmentally friendly product. Secondly, it is saturated with many useful substances that are absorbed by the vegetable during growth. Thirdly, the composition of milk contains amino acids that activate the growth of the plant.

All this contributes to the improvement metabolic processes better absorption of nutrients. Therefore, the greatest effect in the case of tomatoes can be obtained by using milk solutions in the process of growth and formation of fruits.

Top dressing with a solution can be both root and foliar - each of them will have its own effect: root - saturate the soil with useful microelements, and foliar - protect against pests.

Most of all, raw milk is suitable for these purposes, but if it is not possible to get it, a pasteurized product or yogurt is also used. Often used and whey, which is formed during souring. The most effective will be the treatment with a specially prepared solution, which has a complex effect.

Milk with iodine

A wonderful foliar top dressing is the treatment of tomatoes with milk and iodine. This method additionally helps to protect them from pests, since almost all insects do not tolerate lactose and milk sugar. After the spraying procedure, a film forms on the surface of the leaves, which prevents the pathogens of many diseases from penetrating inside. This method is especially useful in the fight against fungal infections.

The mixture is prepared as follows: 4 liters of water and 1 liter of milk are taken, where 15 drops of iodine are added. We will talk about how to water tomatoes with iodine further.

Application features

Solution treatment can be carried out for tomatoes in a greenhouse or growing in open ground. But at the same time, some conditions must be observed:

• there should be no direct sunlight;
• seedlings are watered in the morning or in the evening;
• the weather must be dry and calm, otherwise the mixture will drain from the leaves;
• The best air temperature for this procedure is about 18 degrees.

This is important, because treatment with iodine solution in hot or sunny weather, as well as incorrect dosage, can lead to burns on the surface of the leaves.

Ideally, the plant should “envelop” a cloud of the mixture and be evenly distributed throughout the seedling, for which the tomato is sprayed with iodine using a fine spray gun.

It is also important to respect the processing time. For the first time it is produced 2 weeks after disembarkation. July is considered the best period, since it is at this time that active growth occurs. Then the procedure is repeated with an interval of 14 days, if the vegetable does not bother anything. With the advent of problems, actions will be different.

You can also feed the seedlings if there are no problems, but the plants grow in “poor” soil. This will help to add nutrients and serve as a disease prevention.

Do it like this:

1. For the first time, tomatoes should be fed with a solution at the seedling level. To do this, take 1 liter of milk and 15 drops of iodine solution in a bucket of water. You need to spray the seedlings completely.
2. Then top dressing of tomatoes with iodine is carried out after planting in the ground. You need to feed with a mixture of 5 liters of water, 1 liter of milk and 10 drops of iodine solution. Bushes are processed before flowering. You can repeat the procedure after 3 days.
3. During fruiting, tomato seedlings are treated, if necessary, every 2 weeks with serum with iodine.

Disease Control Benefits: Phytophthora

This iodide method of struggle is especially effective in the fight against fungal diseases. This will help with the spread of "brown spot", "gray rot", "tobacco mosaic virus", Fusarium wilt.

A particularly common problem is a fungal infection called "phytophthora": with the spread of the disease and delay with measures, up to 70% of the entire crop can die.

The causative agent is spread by spores, and the signs of the onset of the disease are:

• dark spots on the back of the leaves;
• leaves turn brown and dry up;
• fruits gradually turn black.

Infected parts of the plant are almost impossible to save. They are removed, removed and burned, or the whole plant is disposed of in the same way. Fire helps prevent the spread of spores. Favorable conditions for the development of this disease are calcareous soils and high humidity Therefore, the greenhouse must be ventilated as often as possible. Weak plants that lack nutrients are most at risk of infection.

All methods of struggle are based on the disinfection of the environment. The principle of spraying for seedlings of tomatoes and adult plants will be approximately the same. Since iodine is an antiseptic, and milk has an acidic environment that is detrimental to phytophthora, this method fits perfectly.

To stop the spread of phytophthora, spraying seedlings should be carried out regularly, preferably every day. After that, you should not water the vegetables.

​Related Articles​

Useful properties for tomatoes

Of the microfertilizers, the most important for tomatoes are magnesium and boron. Boron is especially necessary at the time of flowering (have you noticed that often flowers and ovaries can simply fall off? This is from a lack of boron. And it is enough to spray the leaves and flowers 1-2 times with a solution of boric acid at a concentration of 1 g per 1 liter of water to close the problem). ​

• What do we need to know
• Potassium nitrate or potassium monophosphate (per 10 l - 1 teaspoon)
• Hilling, it turns out, also has its secrets. Hilling is necessary at the time of root growth ... but the roots of tomatoes do not grow continuously, but in periods. It happens like this: first, the roots grow intensively, then they slow down their growth, and the vegetative mass begins to actively grow. Then the growth of the roots is activated again - until the moment when flowering and fruit set begin. Once this process has begun, the roots slow down their growth again.

Last season there was a strong heat, there was no ovary, as it became cooler, tomatoes appeared.

1. Method of use and dosage
2. Organic fertilizers.

Ideal option - drip irrigation Tomatoes are well pollinated at humidity from 40% to 70%. Raising the humidity is very easy. To do this, you will need to spray the bushes with water in the morning, but reducing the humidity is much more difficult. In those regions where there is high humidity, it is imperative to mulch the crop and rarely water the tomatoes with a bottle without a bottom, which are dug near the bushes.

Signs of a Boron Deficiency

The foliar method is applied directly to the plant with the formed tomato fruits. It is easy to make a boron solution: you need to dilute 1 g of acid in 1 liter hot water(but not in boiling water).

Boron is an important trace element in plant life, and boric acid is the most accessible of its compounds, which is widely used in various fertilizers by gardeners and gardeners. It is used for various purposes: to stimulate the germination of seeds, for more lush flowering plants, as well as to increase the yield (it is noticed that the effect of acid increases it by 20%). After reading the entry, you will find out why they use foliar top dressing of tomatoes with boric acid.

How and when to add acid

Organic fertilizers. There is no need for extra words. An infusion of bird droppings or mullein, fermented green grass ... Remember, from an advertisement for apple juice: “Have you ever seen me watering apple trees with muck?” So here is just the case when such a "muck" is worth its weight in gold)) How to apply organic fertilizers, probably everyone knows. Tomatoes can be mulched with compost and humus - this is “2 in one bottle”: both healing mulch and protection against diseases. It is good to make liquid top dressings with organic infusions.

1. Tomatoes do not like drought or excess water. The most favorable combination for them is the soil moisture under the bush is 85-90%, and the air humidity is about 50%. That is, warm, dry, but on sufficiently moist soil. People say: “Tomatoes love a dry head, but wet feet”)) If there is not enough moisture (you can immediately see it on the plant), the leaves sag, curl, buds and ovaries can crumble. If there is excess moisture, the tomatoes begin to hurt, and the unripe fruits burst and turn black.
2. Calcium nitrate (per 10 l - 1 teaspoon)

The time when it's time to spud, the plants themselves will tell. Watch the stem: if small bulges, similar to pimples, appear on the ground itself, it means that you can spud for the first time (necessarily with wet ground, not dry!). And when the stem near the ground changed color from green to bluish, it tells you that the time has come for the second hilling. If you follow this and do everything in a timely manner, the tomato will be able to grow the root system as much as possible, thereby providing more strength for the crop!
If the ovaries fall off, then there is not enough watering and trace elements for tomatoes and peppers. Water them well and feed them with a complex fertilizer at least once every 2 weeks. Do not feed with mullein and bird droppings - there is too much nitrogen. There will be many tops, but few fruits. Tested on my tomatoes.​

- 1 liter of a cocktail under a bush, watering once every 7-10 days under the root. So far, out of all the ingredients, I have 2 shovels of ash)) But I think the recipe will work! Because I have already tried yeast as an anti-ant remedy in the country, and as a flower growth stimulator - and ... super! I advise! And then we will share our impressions))

1. No extra words are needed here. An infusion of bird droppings or mullein, fermented green grass ... Remember, from an advertisement for apple juice: “Have you ever seen me watering apple trees with muck?” So here is just the case when such a "muck" is worth its weight in gold)) Probably everyone knows how to apply organic fertilizers. Tomatoes can be mulched with compost and humus - this is “2 in one bottle”: both healing mulch and protection against diseases. It is good to make liquid top dressings with organic infusions.
2. . If you have the opportunity to organize it, the tomato will only thank you: the soil will be moistened all the time, and no heat is terrible.
3. No matter what anyone says, tomatoes still love nitrogen. But experienced gardeners are well aware that if the tomatoes are overfed with nitrogen, they will begin to fatten. A sufficient amount of oily foliage grows on them, the stem is beautiful and thick, and the color of such a bush will be sluggish, there will be few flowers in the brush, and even they will fall off. Therefore, many are afraid to overfeed the tomatoes, and as a result, they lack nitrogen. And again they are waiting for a deplorable result. In underfed tomatoes, the first brush grows well and blooms, and on the second and third, the fruits are reluctantly tied. When the first brush is poured, the need for nitrogen is reduced, the plant begins to tie the third and fourth brush, for example, skipping the second one.

Spray with a fine sprayer with a solution that has already cooled down. We pay attention to leaves, flowers, fruits. On young plants, 10 ml of liquid is usually consumed for each bush. It is desirable to carry out the procedure of spraying with a solution of boric acid during the mass flowering of tomatoes. As the plant grows, the dose should be increased by 1.5 times.

Growing a tomato does not require much effort and expense. However, the plant needs to be fed - this is the main condition for obtaining a large number juicy fruits. Exist various options help, but the use of boric solution is the most rational of all. Microfertilizer performs the following functions:

Four feeding recipes for the entire summer season

Video "Feeding tomatoes with boric acid"

Correct watering is important. After planting in the ground, the seedlings are well watered and left alone for 2-3 days (or longer), then watering is carried out 1-2 times a week abundantly, but taking into account the variety, size and weather. For undersized young bushes, 2-3 liters will be enough, while at least 10 liters will be required for watering adult giants. Many gardeners generally recommend watering every 5-7 days, even in hot weather. But here, as elsewhere, the principle of expediency should apply: if we see that the leaves are hanging, we take it and water it!

plodovie.ru

Why does the color of a tomato fall in a greenhouse and on the ground

1 liter of serum + 20 drops of iodine per 10 liters of water

Tip 5: "own land"

1. Air temperature.

​http://love-dacha.ru/blog/43041262712/Portsiya-sov...u&paid=1&pad=1​

Biological preparation "Baikal EM-1":

For 10 liters of water, 0.5 liters of liquid mullein + 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska (0.5 liters for each bush)

2. Air humidity.

3. Lack or excess of nitrogen.

It is not difficult to deal with such a cause. It will be enough to regularly fertilize tomatoes with nitrogen.

Nutrition of the ovaries of the plant;

7dach.ru

tomatoes are not tied than to fertilize

*hoha*

root - watering fertilizers under the root of the plant. The main method of supplying nutrients;​

And finally - a new interesting recipe for feeding tomatoes. I caught it on the Internet, it’s a pity I didn’t remember the author (but thanks a lot to him!).​
There are many opinions here too. The most "running" versions:

On moist soil, sprinkle dry ash under tomato bushes at the rate of 3-4 tablespoons per 1 sq. m. Such top dressing will also add sweetness to the fruits of tomatoes. Ashes can be "regaled" with tomatoes until the end of fruiting with a frequency of 2 weeks.
So that the stepsons do not grow back, they are not completely removed, to the stem, but a "stump" of 0.5-1 cm is left

Elena Lustova

Recipe

Ludmila Volkova

Put dandelion and nettle leaves in a barrel, fill it with water when it gets rotten, add 1 liter of tincture to the watering can and pour over the tomatoes, a good top dressing.

BERGENIA

Cocktail "Magic Balm"

Vladislav Nikolaevich ©

Nitrogen fertilizers
Tomatoes do not like drought or excess water.
The most important thing in the process of feeding with acid is to determine the desired proportions. With a slight mistake, you will harm not only the plant, but ultimately yourself.

non-root - the plant receives substances directly through the leaves. Additional method supply, arrives 5-8 times faster than through the soil. The result is already a couple of days after the procedure, and sometimes even a couple of hours.​

Vladimir Bendrikov

Cocktail "Magic Balm" (the name alone is worth something!)

Elena Lyakh

3 times during the summer season,

Marina Yudenko

Recipe 2: mineral cocktail

Tatiana Steblyanskaya

Stepping tomatoes in the open field can be done once for the entire season, or you can do it regularly - as stepchildren appear.

Dilute 10 grams of boric acid powder in 10 liters of water. It is enough to spray 1-2 times.

Make foliar top dressing with drugs: Bud, Energen, Ovary, Tomaton, Bio-master, etc. There are a lot of them in stores. Boric acid is good for fruit setting.

(the name alone is worth it!!!)

They strongly stimulate the growth of green mass (stem, leaves, stepchildren), and this leads to the fact that fruit ripening slows down. Therefore, swelling "nitrogen" in the first feeding is not the most sensible solution.

. The most favorable combination for them is the soil moisture under the bush is 85-90%, and the air humidity is about 50%. That is, warm, dry, but on sufficiently moist soil. People say: “Tomatoes love a dry head, but wet feet”)) If there is not enough moisture (you can immediately see it on the plant), the leaves sag, curl, buds and ovaries can crumble. If there is excess moisture, the tomatoes begin to hurt, and the unripe fruits burst and turn black.

It is not for nothing that people say: "What is too much is not great." The judicious use of boron solution can provide a crop of 40 or 50 kilograms per square meter seedlings, and the first fruits are already at the end of June.

- a bucket of mullein
4 times per season
Pour 2 liter jars of ash with 5 liters of boiling water, after cooling, bring the volume to 10 liters + 10 g of boric acid powder + 10 ml of iodine (bottle). Leave the solution for 1 day. The resulting infusion is diluted 10 times. Feeding rate - 1 liter for each bush.
Tip 7: Removing Leaves
​Tip 2: A Little Shake​
I agree with Lyudmila: spray with a bud, energizer or ovary.
mullein bucket
Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers
The correct watering regime is important.
A record of how to feed tomatoes, how to do it right and at what time.
This method is also used in the fight against phytophthora - the enemy of all nightshade. Competent gardeners know that you need to work with acid carefully. After all, it is very easy to harm a plant! Particular attention should be paid to those plants that grow on the balconies of high-rise buildings, and not on open ground, like their counterparts. Such "domesticated" plants receive little solar energy.
- 2 shovels of ash
Regularly, every 2 weeks.
Recipe 3: Yeast
In addition to pinching, leaves are cut off from tomato bushes during the fruiting period. This is done so that the plant gives all its strength to flowers and fruits. In addition, the lower leaves, in contact with the ground, can become a conductor of infection.
Tomatoes are self-pollinating plants, and in natural conditions they are pollinated by wind and insects without much difficulty. But tomatoes grown in greenhouses are less fortunate: natural factors - wind and flying helpers - are absent, and it will not be superfluous to help pollinate bushes "living under a roof". Moreover, this process is quite simple. It is enough to shake the flower brushes a little every few days. Experienced summer residents it is advised immediately after shaking all the bushes to spray the flowers or water the soil, and after 1.5-2 hours ventilate the greenhouse.
Phosphoric fertilizers are used from fertilizer for better settling - Potassium monophosphate, 1 hour. l. for 10 liters of water for 4-5 bushes.
2 shovels of ash
It is worth giving preference if you want to get tomatoes with a low content of nitrates.
After planting in the ground, the seedlings are well watered and left alone for 2-3 days (or longer), then watering is done 1-2 times a week abundantly, but taking into account the variety, size and weather. For undersized young bushes, 2-3 liters will be enough, while at least 10 liters will be required for watering adult giants. Many gardeners generally recommend watering every 5-7 days, even in hot weather. But here, as elsewhere, the principle of expediency should apply: if we see that the leaves are hanging, we take it and water it!
Many tomato growers complain that they nursed and planted seedlings, but there are no fruits on it. Tomatoes bloom for themselves, then the leaves fall off and the stalk turns yellow. What is the reason for this phenomenon? Why is this happening?
So, boron regulates the most important processes in the life of a plant (pollination, fertilization, carbohydrate and protein metabolism), and also forms immunity to diseases. How can we know about his lack? If a tomato bush feels a lack of a substance, this is reflected primarily on its leaves. Young leaves at the top lose their normal color at their base, but the top remains green for some time.
- 2 kg of yeast
It's up to the landlord to decide. But there are certain norms and features that we must take into account.​
In glass 3 liter jar put 100 g of live yeast + 0.5 cups of sugar. Add settled warm water almost to the top, put in a warm place for fermentation. Shake occasionally until fermentation is complete. Use the resulting "mash" for feeding at the rate of 1 cup per 10 liters of water. Feed with this fertilizer once at the rate of 1 liter under a bush.
Experienced summer residents advise cutting off from the middle (end) of June 1-3 lower leaves every week until the first inflorescence. Then the tomatoes will be "ventilated", and the extra load from the bushes is removed. How many leaves to remove from a bush - each summer resident decides for himself. There is one rule that will help you navigate: until all the fruits are tied in the brush, all the leaves should be “available” on top (above the brush). It is recommended to remove the leaves in dry, warm weather, in the morning, so that the wound has time to heal and does not become a gateway for infection.
​Tip 3: tricky geography​
Of the special preparations, Tomaton helps, spraying on the ovaries, according to the instructions.
2 kg yeast
From potash fertilizers
Watering tomatoes is best in the early morning.
If your tomatoes are blooming, but there is no ovary, then this may be for the following reasons:
These affected tissues usually disintegrate quickly. The upper leaves are also distinguished by an unhealthy light green color, they are twisted from the top to the base. The veins of affected leaves turn black or brown. If you try to bend such a leaf, it will immediately break. The stem of the tomato also reacts to the lack of the element - the point of its growth turns black. Young leaves begin to grow from the lower part of the stem, but their petioles become brittle. Brown spots of dead tissue form on the fruits. All these signs indicate a varying degree of lack of acid, for an experienced gardener this is a signal to action: it's time to feed with boron solution.
- 3 l of serum
What do we need to know
Watering and feeding tomatoes
Tip 8: foliar top dressing
If you grow tomatoes in a greenhouse, then ideal option will arrange landings "in latitude" - from east to west. This orientation will provide more uniform solar illumination of all bushes; they will be well warmed up by the sun in the morning and minimally obscured by neighboring rows at noon. As a result - an increase in the length of daylight hours and an increase in yield)
Environmental conditions conducive to better set: temperature 22-28, at 40-42 pollen becomes sterile; shake the ovaries with a light touch, the pollen falls off and they are pollinated; uniform watering.
3 l serum
the most the best way for tomatoes - ash or potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride will only harm - chlorine acts depressingly on tomatoes.
. Under the root. After water has been absorbed, the soil must be loosened shallowly.
Very often flowers fall due to very high temperatures (sometimes very low) and not very optimal humidity. The point is that the flowers are pollinated under comfortable conditions, when during the day the air temperature is +28 - +29°С, and at night - +13 - +21°С. If the cool weather lasts a long time, then there will no longer be an ovary on it. If the air temperature rises to + 40 ° C, then the drop of flowers is almost guaranteed. If at night the temperature does not drop below 25 ° C, then such a temperature, oddly enough, will also be disastrous for the future crop. The thing is that at a temperature of + 20 ° C, the tomato "rests", and if the temperature is higher, then it cannot do this. The temperature prevents him from resting.
There are several tactics for using the substance. To begin with, consider the method that is used even before the start of plant growth, long before planting. It takes place in two stages:
- a bucket of green nettle
Nitrogen fertilizers strongly stimulate the growth of green mass (stem, leaves, stepchildren), and this leads to the fact that fruit ripening slows down. Therefore, swelling "nitrogen" in the first feeding is not the most sensible solution.
Every year at the height of the season, the most pressing questions again become "How often to water?" and “What is the best way to feed?” so that the harvest is amazing for everyone. So it’s useful to remember everything and put it on the shelves))
If you consider foliar feeding not a particularly important procedure - in vain. Simply spraying the green part of the tomato with micronutrient solutions will help you get an earlier harvest, and the plant will get an “extra nutrient ration” and protection from diseases! It is best to carry out foliar feeding every 7-9 days in calm weather in the evenings.
Tip 4: strong roots
Among other things, treatment with microelements, for example, Cytovit, or simply boric acid 10 g per 10 liters of water and spraying early in the morning on a bush helps a lot.
4-5 buckets of green nettles
From microfertilizers
Water for irrigation is best defended and heated
If you are growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, then you need to provide the plant with heat. Put a heater on at night. You can also water the tomatoes in the evening warm water in the hope that the earth will keep warm until morning.
Soak the seeds with boric acid for a day (the proportion can be adjusted according to the data on the package);
All components - in a barrel, add water, insist 2 weeks.
Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers should be preferred if you want to get tomatoes with a low nitrate content.
Watering the tomatoes
What to use for foliar top dressing
No one will even argue: the stronger and stronger the root, the more fruits it can provide nutrition, and the larger these fruits can be. And what can we do to “strengthen” the root system of a tomato bush?
Spray with Ovary
All components - in a 200 liter barrel, add water, insist 2 weeks. ​

The most important for tomatoes are magnesium and boron. Boron is especially necessary at the time of flowering (have you noticed that often flowers and ovaries can simply fall off? This is from a lack of boron. And it is enough to spray the leaves and flowers 1-2 times with a solution of boric acid at a concentration of 1 g per 1 liter of water to close the problem). ​
. It's great if there is a tank on the site that can be painted black so that the water heats up better in the sun. Water the tomato bushes from above, on the leaves, and even cold water from a hose is at least half to ruin the crop.
Why there is no ovary on tomatoes in a greenhouse is the lack of pollination. In the open field, flowers are pollinated by insects, and in the greenhouse, plants are deprived of this. Conditions for pollination in the greenhouse must be created artificially.
We duplicate the first action, but on the eve of sowing. Boric acid is also placed in the landing wells.​
Method of use and dose - 1 liter of a cocktail per bucket of water (1:10), watering once every 7-10 days under the root.
From potash fertilizers, the best option for tomatoes is ash or potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride will only harm - chlorine acts depressingly on tomatoes.
How often do I see summer residents diligently watering all the crops in a row with water from a hose in order to “squeeze” as much as possible out of the time-limited evening watering “in 2 days on the third”. And all the time the heart is compressed. Well, that's wrong! How will be correct? It is right to know what a tomato “loves”, what it needs, and in what environment it is comfortable.
Urea (per 10 l - 1 teaspoon)
Spud

Spray all the flowers with Tomaton! or Ovation!​