Underground cable laying in the country. Cable entry into the house underground Cable for underground wiring

11.11.2019

When electrifying a summer cottage, any owner asks the question: which cable laying method to choose - air or underground. Although it is somewhat cheaper and seems easier to pull electrical communications through the air than laying a cable underground, it has several disadvantages. So, if the objects are at a decent distance from each other, you will need to install additional poles. Hanging wires over your head is also not a pleasure. Therefore, in most cases, people opt for the underground method. In this article, we will analyze how the cable should be laid in a trench, and what are the features of this work.

Rules and technology for laying underground electrical communications

It is necessary to lay an electric cable in the ground in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules, having previously drawn up a laying diagram. If you can lay the track in a straight line, this will make it possible to get by with less electrical wire, but this is often not possible. The following are the basic rules for laying cables underground:

Try not to pass the track near large trees, it is best that this distance is at least 1-1.5 meters.

Do not run electrical wiring through high traffic areas. These may be parking areas, footpaths or places intended for the entrance of a sewage service car. Usually they are bypassed around the perimeter, but if this does not work out, then the conductor is placed inside special protective cases, which are pieces of pipes made of HDPE or metal.

These devices are also used in places where the trench intersects with water and gas mains. A protective case is also installed where it is impossible to bury the cable at least 0.5 meters or remove large and hard objects from the track.

When laying a trench along the foundation, it is necessary to maintain a distance between them from 0.6 m. If this requirement is not observed, even a slight shift in the soil or foundation can damage the electrical line.
The laid wire should not be allowed to cross with others. If this is not possible, then both cables must be placed in a protective case and run one cable over the other. The distance between them should be from 15 cm.

If the case must have a considerable length, it is welded from several pieces of pipes.

Parameters of the trench for laying the power line

Having decided on the laying scheme, you need to dig a trench, while adhering to the following dimensions:

The cable laying depth should be 0.7-0.8 m.
If one conductor is laid, then the width of the trench used for laying the cable should be 0.2-0.3 m; if there are two or more electrical wires to be laid, it is necessary to calculate it in such a way that there is at least 0.1 m between the threads passing along the bottom.

The order and parameters of underground cable laying on video:

The order of laying the cable in the ground

After digging a trench, you need:

Remove roots, stones and other objects with hard and sharp edges from it, otherwise, when laying, they may cause damage to the insulation.
Level the bottom and then tamp. It is not necessary to achieve ideal evenness, the main thing is that there are no sharp drops.
Fill the bottom with sand and level it so that the layer thickness is approximately 0.1 m. Ordinary quarry sand from pits is suitable, but it should not contain foreign objects that could damage the electrical cable, so it must be sieved before backfilling. So that there are no obvious irregularities at the bottom, this material must also be compacted after filling into the trench.

Inspect electrical wire insulation for possible damage. If possible, ring them with a megaohmmeter to check for an open (for lack of this device, you can use a regular multimeter). If damage is found, it must be repaired.
Lay the cable on the sandy bottom of the trench in light waves, without stretching.

Where necessary, protect the conductor with cases.

Draw a plan of the laying route, mark landmarks and distances to objects on it - this will make it easier in the future repair work if the need arises.
Fill the laid electric cable with sand from above, also having previously sieved the material. After that, the sandy layer (approximately 0.1 m) must be tamped down with your feet.
Pour the previously excavated soil with the next layer, also removing objects dangerous for wiring from it, level and compact. The thickness of this layer should be 0.15-0.2 m.
Then the ditch is completely covered with earth slightly above the surface level. This is necessary so that after natural compaction and subsidence of the soil, no depressions form at the installation site.

After completing the above steps, the line can be connected to the load, after ringing it to check for integrity.

Now you know how to lay a cable in the ground in compliance with established standards. Next, we will consider a few nuances related to this work.

Which conductor is better to use for the installation of underground electrical lines?

Installing an underground power line requires a lot of effort and time. In order not to suffer in the future with constant repairs, it is better to immediately choose a high-quality wire, which for many years will be able to properly perform its function. Therefore, the issue of selecting a cable that will be used for laying underground should be approached with the utmost responsibility.

Using an armored cable from a reliable manufacturer, you can be sure of its proper and durable operation. However, the cost of such a conductor is quite high, and if a person cannot afford such a purchase, he uses simple wires of the NYM or VVG brand. To increase the reliability of such lines, a double-walled corrugated DKS hose should be used, in which the electrical wire is placed throughout its entire length.

In places where the probability of damage to the wiring due to heavy loads is quite high, protective cases are recommended. These devices will protect the current-carrying conductors, taking on most of the loads. When laying several cables, each of them must be provided with a separate case.

Laying power lines inside corrugated hose or pipes has the added benefit of being easy to replace the cable. If the old wire has become unusable, it is enough to open the ends of the route and tie a new one to the end of the non-working cable. After that, the faulty conductor is pulled out, and a new one is installed in its place. Of course, this is only possible if a long time in the ground has not led to the destruction of protective devices.

Lump connection

For laying it is better to use a solid cable, but if it is not possible to find a piece of wire of the required length, it is better to connect two wires on the ground, inside a sealed junction box. Such a connection is easy to maintain and, if necessary, to redo. It is not recommended to place it in a home-made clutch and bury it in the ground - the contact will be quickly broken, and to restore it, the trench will have to be dug out every time.

For comparison, the video shows the manufacture of a full-fledged clutch that can be hidden underground:

Entering electrical wiring into the house

When laying a cable underground in a country house, it must be taken into account that when entering a conductor into a structure (house or other building), it must not be passed under the foundation. Usually, during construction, a mortgage is built into the foundation tape - a piece of pipe protruding outward by several centimeters, into which you can easily insert an electric wire.

If the mortgage was not made during construction work, a hole must be drilled in the foundation, into which the pipe is then inserted and fixed.

Sometimes the owners of a house with a monolithic foundation do not want to drill the foundation for installing mortgages. The way out in this case is this: the cable is pushed inside the metal pipe and rises along the wall of the structure to a certain height (usually this is the level at which the inlet cabinet is installed). At this mark, a mortgage is immured into the wall, through which the wire is led into the house.

If an armored cable is used as a conductor, then its sheath must be grounded. This can be done by welding or soldering to it insulated wire, which in electrical panel must be set to zero.

This should not be neglected, otherwise, if the phase breaks through, it will fall on an armored shell, touching which, a person will receive swipe electric shock, and it’s good if the case does not end with the death of the victim. If the armor is properly grounded, then during a breakdown, an automatic switch will work, turning off the current supply until the problem is fixed.

Features of winter laying of underground power lines

If the circumstances are such that this work has to be done in conditions of low temperature, then several recommendations must be taken into account when performing it:

Before laying the conductor in the trench, it must be warmed in a warm room. You can do it faster by using a transformer, but only if you have the skills and experience for such work.
Warm cable must be laid in a trench. At the same time, you should work quickly so as not to let him freeze. If the temperature outside is 15-20 degrees below zero, then no more than half an hour is allotted for laying. If the frost is even stronger, the power line cannot be installed.

It is allowed to lay an underground line without heating in the following cases:

1. If an electrical cable is used high pressure, and the air temperature is -5 degrees and above.
2. If a wire with simple insulation is used, and the air temperature is -7 degrees and above.
3. If a conductor with rubber or PVC insulation is used, and the air temperature is not lower than -15 degrees.
4. If the cores are insulated with polyethylene or rubber, and in addition, they have an additional lead sheath.

In this article, we dealt in detail with the question of how to lay a cable underground and what are the features of this procedure in various conditions. This work, despite the complexity, is not too complicated in technical terms. The most important thing is to take into account the requirements of the PUE and the recommendations set out in this material.

The question often arises before the owners of private households, is it possible to lay a power cable underground? What is the best wire to use? What rules must be observed?
The main way of laying power lines to a private house, dacha is - air or underground. To transfer electricity to the point of consumption, a method such as laying a cable in the ground is used. This is an economical option for installing power lines. The advantage of this method is the secrecy of the wiring, which does not spoil appearance buildings, the wires do not clash in the wind; when moving oversized cargo, the wires will not interfere. Well, as a bonus, the cable is cooled in the ground, which prevents it from overheating and damage.

Laying wires and cables in the ground has many advantages. When installing this wiring, special technological process. The following advantages can be distinguished:

Profitability, the cost of work will not exceed the cost of the materials used. The most acceptable option, in comparison with the laying of an overhead line, which requires special approval, Additional materials, Technics;
To avoid damage to the cable, a deep trench is not made and material and other funds for line maintenance will not be required;
The ability to lay the cable with your own hands without the help of installers and without involving special equipment in the form of a tower;
The wiring place is hidden from view, so it does not spoil the appearance of the area;
This method allows the use of electrical high-voltage cable of various cross-sections, without the use of suspension reinforcements.

Rules that must be observed for laying wires underground

Installation is carried out in compliance with PTEEP as well as PUE, regardless of the purpose and type of wire used. The following points must be observed:

The choice of electrical cable for wiring underground

In underground wiring, types of armored cables are used - VB 6ShV, as well as VB6ShVng, these products have steel protection. This option is resistant to mechanical damage and will not allow rodents to damage the wiring.
With such protection, the cable will last for many years. The armored cable is laid without a pipeline, but the use of a pipe is recommended in order to avoid damage to the wiring by government employees. organizations in the course of work.
The electric wire for laying in the ground should be selected, taking into account the required power of the consumers of the facility. For example:

- Cable VBShvng 4x6 is designed for power 11kW;
- Cable VBShvng 4x10 is designed for power 15kW;
- The VBShvng 4x16 cable is designed for a power of 21 kW.

Work order

There is a certain sequence when laying leashes in the ground:

Designation of the location of the power line;
The choice of a cable suitable for this type of work;
Arrangement of a trench for wiring;
cable laying in the ground;
Arrangement of wires sewn up with a pillow, then with soil and signaling tape;
Carrying out verification work on the functioning of the line;
The final stage is the digging of the trench.

Stages of work on laying electrical wiring

To create wiring underground, you need to have special knowledge:

The first thing is the marking of the route on the ground for a power line in a summer cottage, suburban area, etc .;
When marking, it is possible to use all kinds of stakes, ropes. It is necessary to carefully monitor that there is no intersection with communication networks;
It is worth creating a cable layout plan. The drawing indicates the distance of the cable exit from the ground, as well as its turns. It is important to check whether the wiring is disconnected from the mains voltage before laying;
Then a trench is dug according to the markup. As a rule, its depth is 80 cm, the width for laying one cable is 20 cm. The bottom of the dug trench should be rammed;
There is an option - the bottom of the trench is laid out with red brick;
If you plan to conduct electrical wiring across the road, then in this case the depth should be at least 120cm;
When laying the cable into the ground, it is necessary to clear the trench from branches, stones and other objects;
Next, a pillow of sand is poured -12 cm. It will protect against the possibility of a wire break;
The de-energized wire must be laid so that it is not too tight. As a rule, a whole wire is laid without connecting sections;
The final step is backfilling the trench with electrical wiring. After that, the cable is checked for a short circuit and its armor is grounded.

How to properly lay the cable in the ground, be sure to watch the video:

AT winter period underground laying of the power line is permissible, the following must be taken into account:

Before laying the cable warms up in the living room. The heated cable is laid, preventing freezing. If the frost is more than 20 degrees, the possibility of installation is excluded;
If the air temperature is minus 5 and above, it is possible not to carry out the warm-up procedure if the high pressure wire;
At a temperature of minus 7, it is permissible to lay a conductor protected by insulation;
If the temperature is minus 15 and above and the conductor is protected by a PVC film or a rubber sheath;
Laying at minus 20 degrees is possible, if the wire is protected by PVC or rubber insulation and if there is a lead sheath on top.

There are details that are worth considering, they will help to carry out the work more correctly:

These rules for laying underground wiring must be observed for safe work and subsequent operation. If the rules are violated, troubles may arise that will be difficult to correct.

Underground cable laying in the country

Usually on suburban area how many buildings are being built: country house, sauna, summer kitchen, utility block, etc. etc. Initially, electricity was supplied to one of them, and everything needs to be electrified. Yes, and outdoor lighting want to do. And there is a problem of choice - which of the ways of laying electrical communications, air or underground, is more suitable for your beautiful dacha.

The aerial method is simple and cheap if the distance between objects is small. If the distance is large, then you will have to put an additional pole, support. And hanging garlands above your head do not decorate the country landscape at all.

Underground cable laying in the country more aesthetically pleasing and suitable for long distance installation or outdoor lighting equipment.

In order to lay the cable underground in the country, you must comply with all the necessary requirements of safety rules, and you should also study the features of your summer cottage.

First you need to choose the best way to lay the cable underground at their summer cottage. It is important here that the cable runs at least a meter (and usually more!) From large trees and in places where digging will certainly not be carried out. The cable path should not run under places where there is an increased load on the ground, for example, a platform that is used to park your car in the country. Think over the laying route so that communications do not interfere with you during further construction. Let the communications be a little longer than holding them under arable land or a future building. It is best to lay the cable under the tracks, and best of all next to them. We strongly recommend drawing a plan for its location.

You should not use the same cable to connect buildings and external lighting - first make communications between buildings. They must be done once and for all. When everything is done, start experimenting with outdoor lighting: this is a creative job and does not always work the first time.

After the trench has been dug, it must be cleared of objects such as stones, pieces of iron, or pieces of glass that can damage the cable insulation. Then you need to make a pillow out of sand. The thickness of the pillow should be at least 5, and best of all 10 centimeters, and the sand itself should be fairly evenly distributed along the entire length of the trench.

It's time to choose a cable. All modern views cables and wires have the necessary water resistance for laying in the ground. Even ordinary series installation wires ( PBPP / PUNP, PVA, SHVVP) can be safely laid underground or in water.

Power cables VVG(especially VVGz), KG are even better suited for these purposes. All these wires do not require any additional waterproofing.

But still it is better to lay these cables in HDPE pipes. If it became necessary to lay a cable protected by a case, then HDPE technical pipes is the perfect technical solution. The most popular use of these pipes is to protect electrical, television and telephone (internet) cables. The use of a GOST HDPE pipe in this case is possible, but impractical, because. the high cost of raw materials and compliance with all standards for the production of drinking pipes increases the cost of the project at times. In the manufacture of HDPE technical pipe, various polyethylene additives are used (the basis is secondary raw materials and defective "pipe" production), which significantly reduces its price.

The base color of the pipes is black, but the presence of recycled materials can give different shades. By technical requirements the presence of recycled low and high pressure polyethylene of certain grades is allowed. Pipes must be round, smooth and even both outside and inside.

HDPE pipes are connected by couplings (fittings), but this does not guarantee 100% tightness - it is better to lay them in one piece from building to building.

There is also a special armored underground cable – WBBSH. The steel sleeve is already built into this cable and it has a very good waterproofing. It can be placed without additional protection.

For laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, it is highly recommended to use it.

Carefully inspect the cable from all sides in order to check the integrity of its sheath. It is necessary to lay the cable in a trench (or in a pipe) in such a way that it lies freely, and not stretched.

You can already start backfilling. The cable must be covered with sand 10 centimeters thick. The cable must not protrude anywhere from the sand layer. A 15-cm layer of soil is poured on top of the sand. Then you can (at an amateur) lay the signal tape in such a way that the middle of the tape is located just above the cable.

We fill the entire trench, while leaving a small mound, since the soil tends to settle. When using HDPE pipes, the outlet to the building should be provided with fittings.

Some additional tips. Firstly, when laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, use a cable with a cross section of at least 4 mm. Secondly, lay only one-piece cable underground, do not make connections.

How to lay a cable underground - practical advice

Requirements for electrical work

The first step is to tell you about what regulations may affect how you will install electrical wiring in an earthen trench. So, we recommend taking into account the following restrictions in accordance with the rules of PUE, SNiP and GOST for electrical installation work Oh:

Given these requirements and rules, you can be sure that laying the cable in the trench will not endanger you and your home wiring line! Of course, these are not all the restrictions that exist in the rules of PUE and SNiP, but for home conditions the requirements provided will be enough even when connecting the site from the pole to the house.

DIY styling technology

So we have come to the main issue of the article, in which we will consider how to properly lay an electrical cable in the ground on our own. To make the instruction convenient and understandable, we will provide it in stages.

That's the whole technology of laying a cable underground in a summer cottage. As you can see, drawing a line at home is not so difficult. More time and effort will be spent on land works- trench digging.

Use only a special armored conductor. It is better not to choose brands such as KG, PUNP and AABL. The first two cables do not have sufficient protection, and certain skills are needed to work with the last brand of conductor.
The diameter of the metal pipe that will pass through the foundation of a private house (if necessary) should be 2-3 times larger than the diameter of the electric wire itself. cable.
If the ground freezing depth in your area is deeper than 70 cm (trench depth), be sure to secure the protective pipe so that it does not tear or deform.
Use plastic corrugated pipe(DKS) to protect electrical wiring underground is prohibited. Within a year, the corrugation will collapse and all its protective properties, which are already weak, will disappear.
Try not to lay the conductor under high traffic areas such as playgrounds, parking lots, garden paths.
Unanimous opinion or rules in normative documentation, in relation to the minimum cable cross-section for laying in the ground no. In practice, the most commonly used section is 10 mm 2 for copper and 16 for aluminum. Focus only on the calculation of the cable cross-section for power and current, and also keep in mind that the line must be armored.

Nuances when laying in the winter

Well, the last thing I would like to talk about is whether it is possible to lay a cable underground with low temperatures and especially in winter. Electrical work in winter time are allowed, but the following rules and regulations must be observed:

Before laying electrical wiring in a trench, it is necessary to warm the conductor in a warm room or using a transformer. We do not recommend using the last method if you have not encountered it before, because. this requires certain skills.
After heating, you need to quickly lay the power line. If the temperature outside is not lower than -10 ° C, you have an hour of time, from -10 to -20 ° C - no more than 40 minutes, below -20 ° C - half an hour maximum. If the temperature is lower in winter, wiring is prohibited.
Without preheating, it is allowed to lay the cable underground in the following cases: if the temperature is not lower than -5 ° C, and the high pressure conductor itself; if the temperature is not lower than -7 o C and the cable is protected by insulation, -15 o C if the insulation is PVC or rubber, -20 o C if the core insulation is represented by a polyethylene sheath or rubber and an additional lead sheath.

That's all I wanted to tell you about how to lay the cable in the ground with your own hands. We hope our practical advice, instruction as well as the standards provided will help you during installation at home!

Also read:

How to properly lay the cable in the suburban area

Modern summer cottages are necessarily electrified. But the necessary communications, as a rule, are laid only to the main building on the site. The owners, while living on the site, often need to lay a cable to other structures: a gazebo, a barn, a garage, etc. The best way to do this is in the ground.

Benefits of Underground Cable Laying

In addition to this method, external wiring can be carried out by air. At first glance, it may seem that this is easier. After all, you do not need to spend time and effort digging a trench, and fix the problem faster. But in reality, it turns out that it is more reliable to insulate and lay the cable with high quality once, fully observing the technology, which is regulated by legislative documents. All work can be done by hand, and the details of the process are outlined in the thematic video.

Benefits of underground cable laying:

You can use wire of any section. You will not be limited by its weight and strength of supports.
The cost of laying the cable is often lower than with the air method.
Aesthetically, the wires look more attractive because they are not visible.
Complete security. With proper insulation, the cable will lie in the thickness of the earth for many years, without forcing you to remember it.
Ease of connecting communications.

Attention! Of the external devices, it is enough to connect one toggle switch at the line output. With it, you can completely de-energize all other buildings with one movement.

Fundamentals of dacha electrical equipment

Energy supply in the country consists of the following stages:

Bringing the commutation to the site. The connection point on the pole is a power panel with a metering device for consumed electricity. It can be located at the top or bottom. As a rule, your dacha is already powered: the cable from the pole to the power shield of the house has been laid. But sometimes you have to do it yourself, also in an underground way.
Laying cables to power points in your area. This is exactly the stage where you need to dig trenches. Lay the cable in them, but do not bury it yet.
Functionality check. If your internal network is extensive, it is better to involve power engineers for testing. Additionally, it will be necessary to check the insulation resistance of the line and the phasing of the network.
Final work: digging trenches, connecting equipment.

Not every cable and not every insulation is ready to be in the ground. Buy only certified quality goods suitable for this installation method. The best option is a power cable of the VVG series. In any case, the cross section should not be less than 4 mm.

Features of underground cable laying technology

Even before buying a quality cable, you should calculate the required length. To properly position it on the site, draw up a trench plan. It is a mistake to assume that it is most efficient to dig along the shortest path to energy consumption points. This procedure has several nuances:

the cable should not be closer than 1-1.5 m from large trees (roots will interfere);
line cannot be drawn garden beds, front garden and other places where digging or construction work is possible in the future;
correlate the network of trenches and the location of other underground utilities on the site;
it is not recommended to lay a path under the parking lot and other places with high blood pressure on the ground;
it is most reliable to locate the network under garden paths and next to them;
minimum location from the foundation of the house - 60 cm.

Attention! The last requirement is difficult to fulfill, for example, when laying from a residential building to a bathhouse or other nearby building. In such a case, protect the line with a steel pipe.

Experts advise first to power all the required buildings. After that, do the wiring for outdoor lighting, if you have one planned. It is better to carry out these works at different times. They require solidity, as well as time for planning and experimentation.

How to lay the cable on the site

The process of creating an underground network at the site consists of the following steps:

Mark the area and dig trenches according to your scheme. Optimal dimensions for them: from 80 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide. For laying an external lighting cable, the depth can be one third less.
Remove debris, rocks, and any other sharp objects from the trench that could damage the wire insulation.
Pour a sand cushion about 10 cm thick. The material should be evenly distributed along the entire length of the trench.

After preparing the trenches, it's time to start laying the cable. The purchased wire, no matter how durable and waterproof it may be, must be covered in a pipe. Technically, the best solution in this situation would be HDPE pipes. They are just designed for such communications.

No need to buy material that meets GOST. It is designed to transport drinking water and therefore quite expensive. Output - technical pipe from recycled materials. It is many times cheaper and not worse for electrical wiring.

Advice from experts on laying underground lines

In the work of laying the cable, photo instructions and recommendations from electricians will help you:

Try to use solid pieces of pipe. They can be connected with fittings. But get ready that the tightness will probably suffer from this.
The cable must also be intact. Check this with particular care before laying in the pipe. No connections allowed!
The wire should be placed in the pipe freely, without tension.
The line should be placed evenly in the trench, without protruding above the ground level.
Before instillation, it will be useful to cover the wire with a layer of sand (5-10 cm).
Warning tape is useful for safety. In such works, it is covered with a sandy layer exactly along the line of the cable.
The trench is buried with ordinary soil. Necessarily with a mound, because the earth will sag over time.

Like any construction work when laying a cable in the ground, a diagram and a clear work plan are important. Use only quality materials. Subject to these conditions, you will be able to operate the electrical system at your summer cottage for many years without any problems.

Laying an electrical cable underground: video

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Construction and Dacha in an understandable language

Electric cable for laying in the ground in the country

If you still have not decided which method of laying the cable in the ground to choose, we recommend that you follow our simple advice. There are so many ways to accomplish this task. Professionals still can not decide which way is better - ground or air.

We suggest you give preference, all the same, to the earthly method. It's easy to explain. Usually the distance from the pole to the house is large and you will most likely want to install outdoor lighting. In these cases earth way Cable routing will fit perfectly.

To run an electrical cable underground: simple instructions actions. First of all, an electric cable for laying in the ground in the country must be purchased.

After that, you can start choosing the most suitable cable routing path. In this case, certain features should be taken into account. The cable must be placed in 1m. from massive trees. Consider this nuance.

Laying a cable is not as simple a process as it seems at first glance. It is necessary to ensure that the wires are not tangled, and you should not place it in places with increased load.

You should start by creating a simple markup, and then move on to excavation. The trench where the cable will be located should not be narrower than 70 cm.

Concerning depths, then cable lines up to 20 kV should be laid to a depth of 0.7 m, up to 35 kV - 1 m, with streets and squares - 1 m, regardless of voltage, oil-filled cable lines should be laid to a depth of 1.5 m.

After you create the required trench, you can start filtering it. In other words, remove all stones and other objects. The next step is to create a pillow. It is better to make it from a material such as sand.

The depth of the pillow should be approximately 10 cm We recommend that you give preference to the ABVg cable. This is a universal option. To protect the cable, we recommend that you use asbestos-cement pipes. Cable laying should be loose so that it is not subjected to excessive pressure. We advise you to create a separate cable layout plan.

After all preparatory stages, you can start backfilling the cable. This should be done with sand. Its layer must be at least 10cm. The final step will be the laying of the signal tape. The final stage will be filling the trench with earth.

Laying electrical cables underground

The laying of an electrical cable underground must be carried out in compliance with all technical standards. You should know that it is better to plan the route initially, its radius should have well-defined dimensions, which should not exceed the allowable norm for each individual cable.

You must take into account the presence of distribution couplings. The cable must be delivered on cable drums, which in turn are delivered on special vehicles.

You must take into account that the drums must be unloaded very carefully. We recommend that you contact a specialist if you doubt your abilities. Cable laying underground requires responsible training and the necessary knowledge.

Laying an electrical cable in the ground

Pay attention to the choice of cable. The successful laying of an electrical cable in the ground depends primarily on its quality. We recommend that you give preference to copper cables.

They must be armored. The cable that you must purchase must necessarily have technical documentation, in which it will indicate what exactly it is intended for.

In our case - it's a laying in the ground. It is worth laying the cable only from a special drum. You must take this into account.

The cable itself must also have some protection. Let it be a steel braid. Such a cable will cost more, but you will not doubt its quality for more than a minute.

Consider all the above recommendations, and you will successfully lay the electrical cable in the ground. Special attention should also be paid to safety. Use special clothes and accurately carry out the necessary calculations. The cable must lie down with a certain margin.

It is very important. Do not put any tension on the cable. The margin should be approximately 2%. To correctly connect the cable sleeves, use sleeves. Clearly define the distance between the sleeve and the cable. It should be approximately 250 mm.

And also you can watch the video of laying the power cable

If you still have not decided which method of laying the cable in the ground to choose, we recommend that you follow our simple tips. There are so many ways to accomplish this task. Professionals still can not decide which way is better - ground or air.

To lay an electrical cable underground, follow a simple instruction. First of all, an electric cable for laying in the ground in the country must be purchased.

Laying a cable is not as simple a process as it seems at first glance. It is necessary to ensure that the wires are not tangled, and you should not place it in places with increased load.

You should start by creating a simple markup, and then move on to excavation. The trench where the cable will be located should not be narrower than 70 cm.

After all the preparatory steps, you can begin to fall asleep the cable. This should be done with sand. Its layer must be at least 10cm. The final step will be the laying of the signal tape. The final stage will be filling the trench with earth.

Laying electrical cables underground

You must take into account the presence of distribution couplings. The cable must be delivered on cable drums, which in turn are delivered on special vehicles.

Laying an electrical cable in the ground

Pay attention to the choice of cable. The successful laying of an electrical cable in the ground depends primarily on its quality. We recommend that you give preference to copper cables.

They must be armored. The cable that you must purchase must necessarily have technical documentation, in which it will indicate what exactly it is intended for.

In our case - it's a laying in the ground. It is worth laying the cable only from a special drum. You must take this into account.

The cable itself must also have some protection. Let it be a steel braid. Such a cable will cost more, but you will not doubt its quality for more than a minute.

And also you can watch the video of laying the power cable

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One of the most popular types of cable products is a cable for laying in the ground. It is used to provide power supply to buildings and structures, decorative, street and landscape lighting, power supply to change houses and tents, as well as in many other situations.

Regardless of the purpose of the work, the laying of the cable underground must be carried out in accordance with the PUE and PTEEP. Before starting work, it is necessary to choose the optimal brand of cable. Most often, the best option is an armored cable for laying in the ground, which is well protected from mechanical damage. It is possible to lay other cable brands that do not have armor, but then it is imperative to lay them in asbestos-cement or special PVC or PE pipes.

trench preparation

Before starting installation work, you need to check if there are any intersections of the cable route with any other engineering networks. This information can be obtained from the results of studying the geo-base of the cable route being laid.

If there are no engineering systems on the way of laying the cable route, you can start preparing the trench. Its depth depends on the area in which it will pass. If the cable laying in the ground is planned under the road, then the depth of the trench should be at least 1.25 meters. At the same time, you need to dig a trench carefully, since there may be engineering systems, incorrectly applied to the geo-base scheme - such incidents are very common. If it is planned to lay a cable in the ground under the lawn, it is enough to dig a trench from 0.9 meters deep.

A pillow of sand up to 15 cm thick must be poured into the finished trench - this is required by the rules for laying cables in the ground for additional marking of lines and their greater protection against mechanical damage. The sand is abundantly wetted with water and compacted.

Cabling

As a rule, laying a cable underground implies the use of a cable with armor, which will provide protection against mechanical stress. If, nevertheless, it is supposed to use unarmored cables, then it is necessary to select brands that have the necessary resistance to thermal and mechanical stress during repair and maintenance work. Due to increased requirements, it is armored cable for laying in the ground that is most often used.

When laying a cable for voltage up to 1 kV, it must be protected with a brick laid across the cable route in places with an increased likelihood of mechanical damage. Also, the cable can be protected with reinforced concrete slabs. After completion of each stage of electrical work in trenches, in order to make sure that the cable sheath is in good condition and integrity, it is necessary to perform control electrical measurements - and first of all, measure the insulation resistance. The resistance value is indicated in GOST or TU for the cable, and by its deviation from the standard, it is possible to determine the presence of external damage.

Types of cables used when laying in the ground

In many ways, the characteristics and durability of the cable depend on its insulation. A modern cable for laying in the ground can have the following types of insulation:

impregnated paper insulation;
plastic insulation (polyethylene or PVC).

The impregnated paper core insulation has excellent electrical characteristics, a long service life, a fairly high allowable temperature at a low cost. The disadvantage of paper insulation is hygroscopicity, which requires complete tightness of the cable sheath. Also, the composition impregnating the paper, with a significant difference in the levels of the gasket along the length, can gradually drain to the lower end, which somewhat reduces the insulating strength, worsening the cooling conditions and reducing the service life of the cable. Information on the permissible difference in the levels of laying such cables can be found in the reference literature and cable specifications.

Plastic insulation for power cables is made of polyethylene or PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Such cables are laid in tunnels, fire hazardous channels, in an aggressive environment, provided there is no mechanical impact. For installation in trenches, a plastic power cable for laying in the ground is most often used, reinforced with tape armor, such as, for example, or PvBShv.

For laying in soil containing substances that have a destructive effect on the cable sheath (salt marshes, bulk construction material and slag, swamps, etc.), as well as in areas of increased exposure to electrocorrosion, lead-sheathed cables are used. Also, under these conditions, a power cable for laying in the ground with an aluminum sheath, for example, will be effective. In places with an increased risk of mechanical damage, cables with wire armor, such as (steel wire) or PvKaShp (aluminum wire), can be used.

Common brands of cables for laying in the ground

In soils with low corrosive activity, a cable is used for laying in the ground of the following grades -

suburban area and Vacation home This is a large volume of problems that arise every day. They have to be solved, not left for later, because the unsolved problem is doubling every day. Therefore, when the owner of a suburban area is faced with the question electrical connection some device or office building located near the main house, then this is another problem that is easy to solve, knowing the requirements and rules for electrical wiring. So, let's consider in this article the question of how the cable is laid in the ground at their summer cottage.

Please note that it is in the ground, and not by air. Although, according to experts, both options are usually used by summer residents when a particular task is solved.

Let's start the analysis of our topic by denoting some concepts and terms, where the main concept is the branch. That is, any cable wiring from the house, with the help of which, for example, a garage, a bathhouse, a summer gazebo, street lighting will be connected, are called branches. It doesn't matter if it's overhead or underground.

We do everything according to the law

Smart people try to conduct their business according to one very important principle, which says - you need to do everything so that you have everything, but for this you would have nothing. And since one organization is engaged in the supply of electricity, it turns out that you are dealing with a monopolist. And, therefore, it is impossible to change the conditions for the provision of its services. That is, in this case, you play on his field.

So change legislative acts you can not. And they say that any branch from the original power line is the property of the power grid. Even if you yourself have wired from your own house before his own garage, it is not your property. Therefore, a monopolist, or rather, its representative in the form of City Light or Paradise Light, must serve any branch and monitor its quality and condition. And, of course, he bears full responsibility for all this.

Therefore advice. If you want your new branches to be accepted by a representative electrical networks immediately, coordinate them in advance. For this, you can invite a representative to your site, you can draw a wiring plan (diagram) and take it to the company's office. The ideal option is to completely transfer the project to the power supply organization.

First, the project will be done according to SNiP.
Secondly, the company itself will carry out the installation.
Thirdly, the connection and act will also be carried out by the company.
Fourthly, they will serve this branch.

You will have to pay for all this. As practice shows, this is the most best option avoid problems and stress.

Do it yourself

If you think that you can handle all the work yourself, you will have to plan the ongoing process. So, our task is to carry out the installation of the cable in the suburban area underground with our own hands. Let's start with the fact that the cable transition under the ground can be made from an overhead line or from a common switchboard, which is most often installed on the wall.

Most often, armored cable is used for underground wiring. For example, VBbShv. This is a copper cable, which has a different cross-sectional area. By the way, before purchasing wires, it is necessary to accurately calculate what current load they will withstand. If the budget for ongoing electrical work is limited, then instead of an armored cable, you can use a regular one, for example, VVGng. It is simply cheaper due to the lack of armored braid.

underground laying conditions

The vertical section from the shield to the ground surface can be completed with a metal pipe or a corner.
In horizontal sections are used plastic pipes. And in this case, the length of the branch does not matter, because the pipes can be connected to each other in any length.

Attention! The height of the closed vertical section should not be less than 1.8 meters.

As for laying the cable under the roads, in this case either metal pipes or asbestos pipes are used.
The trenches to be dug must be at least 70 cm deep. In this case, the bottom must be covered with a sand layer 10 cm thick. If the cable for laying in the ground in the country house is laid outside the pipe, then after installation it is also covered with sand. In this case, the thickness of the second layer above the cable must be at least 10 cm.
The entrance to the house must be carried out through a special metal sleeve if the wiring passes through the wall. If through the foundation, then it fits metal pipe. This element is necessary only so that the shrinkage of the house and the foundation does not lead to damage to the electrical wiring.

Trenchless laying

This type of cable installation is also used for the construction of a branch in a summer cottage. In this way, you have to overcome obstacles, or if the house is built on rocky ground.

There is one way in this category of branches that many summer residents use today. They call it a puncture. Of course, this is not the kind of puncture that is made by special equipment. This process is carried out manually using a pipe and a sledgehammer, so the one who will make a puncture in your area must have great strength and endurance. How is the piercing done by hand?

First of all, holes are dug on both sides of the obstacle, which will be located on the same axis of the puncture.
Teeth are cut out at the end of the pipe, that is, the end will be in the form of a crown. This can be done with a grinder. In this case, the pipe diameter is selected to match the cable diameter, but it should not be less than 20 mm.
The pipe is installed in the hole on one side of the obstacle with the crown forward. Then on it from the back side you need to hit with a sledgehammer.
Every half a meter, the pipe is removed and the internal cavity is washed under the pressure of water. If the soil is sandy, then you can do without water by tapping the pipe walls with a hammer.
If the length of a piece of pipe is not enough to break through the soil to the second hole, another piece is welded to it, which is additionally fastened with reinforcement.
As soon as the teeth of the crown have appeared on the opposite side, the process can be stopped. The crown is cut off, and the part of the pipe sticking out from the opposite side is also cut off. The pipe itself remains at the puncture site, it will perform protective functions.

Conclusion on the topic

So, we considered the option of laying the cable underground. This process is not the easiest, because it is associated with a large amount of earthwork. Especially if you have to make a puncture. Of course, all this can be done on your own, but as mentioned above, it is better to let professionals do it.