Do-it-yourself gates: types, manufacturing technology for swing and sectional gates. How did the gate appear and what do they mean? Types of sectional doors
Each owner of a house, cottage, garage will be puzzled by the question of their safety. An essential element in resolving this issue will be the gate that separates the entrance or entrance to the territory of your site or garage. Let's take a closer look at the types of gates and their features in order to know which gate to prefer?
Popular gate materials
Among the most common materials for gates, the first place is given to metal, second - tree. But if we are talking about garage doors, then they definitely choose metal (corrugated board).
Advantages and disadvantages different materials for gates
| Material | Advantages | disadvantages |
| Decking |
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| Wood |
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Gate types
When the material for the gate device is selected, it is also necessary to determine the method of opening and closing the gate.
There are the following types of gates depending on the design:
Swing gate technology
First you need to make (if not available) and install the supporting pillars. They are concreted to a depth not less than a meter. As pillars, a profile metal pipe with a cross section of 100 × 100 mm is perfect, concrete or wooden beam from solid wood.
For the construction of brick columns, you need a foundation concrete at a depth of at least a meter, after that the foundation and the pillar must be reinforced with reinforcement. You should also release the corner from the post or pass the fittings inside the opening to secure the gate posts.
To prepare a concrete solution for concreting pillars, you will need cement, river sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 4. Gravel is better to buy fine fraction, easier to work with. The poured post must be infused for at least 7 days for the concrete to dry and set well.
At this time, you can engage in the manufacture of the door leaf. Need to cover metal pipes anti-corrosion primer and allow it to dry.
Next stage - frame welding swing gate. Will be needed for this profile pipe section 60×30×2 mm, welding of a rectangular/square frame of the gate leaf is performed. Similarly, we do inner tube 40×20×2 mm. To get a double-sided sewing, we place this pipe in the middle, if it is one-sided, then the pipe is moved to the edge (this is done flush with the 60 × 30 × 2 mm pipe). It is necessary to weld the pipe with tacks of 2 cm, and leave a distance between them of 20–25 cm.
The gate frame is almost done. It remains only to grind the welds with Bulgarians and a grinding wheel, and then reapply a primer to the canvas. Next, you need to paint the gate frame with alkyd enamels. Once the paint has dried, you can take on the stitching of the canvas. For this, corrugated board, sheet steel, wood, etc. are used.
The door leaf is ready, the concrete on the supporting pillars has dried, you can start installation. If metal support posts are used, then by welding the hinges are attached to the post and the door leaf, if brick or granite- then the hinges are welded to a metal rack (a pipe 60 × 30 × 2 mm can be used as its quality), which must be attached with dowels to a brick, granite or concrete pillar.
Do-it-yourself sectional doors
As a material for making sectional doors it is not recommended to use used mechanisms, since the period of their operation may be short.
- use only factory materials;
- work only with original drawings;
- own a preliminary correct calculation the whole structure;
- try to place all the details as accurately as possible.
Sectional doors are mounted on the inside garage. During the opening, they rise up to the very ceiling, this possibility is provided by guides that are fixed to the walls and ceiling. The gate can be opened using automatics or opened manually, depending on which equipment is selected. The door leaf closes securely, which allows you to protect against the entry of unauthorized persons.
Before starting the installation of sectional doors, it is imperative to check whether there is enough space when opening them: on the sides, the distance should be 45 cm, up to the ceiling - 30 cm. The opening must be reinforced with a metal frame.
After that, it is necessary to mark the places where the vertical and horizontal profiles will be attached. Next, the vertical of the opening is set and all the details are fixed. Not even a slight distortion is allowed. For gate regulation, only metal linings.
Before assembling the canvas, it is necessary to attach the complete load-bearing parts. By adjusting the brackets, the canvas should fit completely to the top wing. The material from which the door seals are made is polymer rubber and frost-resistant rubber. The latter is used in the part that is adjacent to the garage floor, and the rubber is fixed on the top and sides of the gate, which creates a high sealing of the opening.
After mounting the door leaf, as well as its frame, the necessary additional accessories: handles, locks, bolts, etc. After that, balancing springs, this must be done so that the lifting cables are always raised.
The last step in the assembly of sectional doors will be fastening and connecting electric drive and limiter. Sectional doors can be assembled by two or three people in a few hours. After the work done, it is better to check everything again.
Gates
Brandenburg Gate in Potsdam
Gates- passage in a wall or fence, locked with gates. Gates can be used to restrict access to a certain area, or they can be purely decorative element. Decorative gates, as a rule, do not have alignments and are a separate arch.
Brandenburg Gate - the main symbol of the German capital
Fortified gates are an integral part of a fortification, such as a castle, city walls (city gates), kremlins. Since the gate was a weak point of the fortress, often a barbican was set up in front of the gate - a defensive structure that guarded the approach to the gate. A tower was often built on top of the gate. The passage at the gate was often blocked by a lattice-cataract.
Gates- travel inside the building or outside the fence, closed by wide sections (Ozhegov's Dictionary).
Gates- a hole, an opening in a wall or fence for passage and passage; wide doors for driving (“Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dal).
Gates- in ancient times the most important place of the city, which even the center does not have now. Trade was conducted here, courts were held, meetings were held, prophecies were proclaimed, deals were made (Dt. 17.5, 8; Ruf 4.1; 3Ts 22.10). If the enemy captured the gate, the city could no longer resist.
Gate development
Portals of Moscow churches of the 17th century
The prototype of the modern gate can be considered a stone, which ancient man blocked the entrance to his dwelling, fleeing from the cold, wild animals and raids of enemy tribes. Then a man began to build fences, an integral part of which became the gate. They were not distinguished by their exquisite appearance, but were purely practical in nature. At first, the gates were made from the most accessible and inexpensive material- tree. Later, the gates were covered with iron for decorative purposes. At that time, few could afford such a luxury - after all, iron was a rather expensive material. Then iron became cheaper, lighter alloys appeared. And simple wooden gates were replaced by reliable steel gates.
Red Gate (Moscow)
The gates created in distant antiquity were very different from modern gates. Rather, they were simply "large entrances" in the stone structures of that time. Later, already in the XI century AD, on the territory Ancient Russia arched gates, consisting of two stone vertical columns and an arch connecting them, gained popularity. Such gates were called by the popular word "portal". In the Middle Ages, almost all castles were surrounded by a moat, and the gate, going down, served as a bridge leading to the city. Such gates were distinguished by their relative technical complexity. Just they can be considered as the first, if not automatic, but semi-automatic gates.
The city gates in Russia served not only to let people and goods into and out of the city, but were oriented to the cardinal points and were used for religious ceremonies. For example, at the Red Gate in Moscow they met and saw off Maslenitsa, pancakes were popularly eaten. And in Russian villages, the gates had their own roof and were bolted from the inside. Through them, they imported various products, all kinds of goods necessary to maintain the life of a peasant house. As a rule, in peasant estates there were two gates: front, decorated with carvings, and rear, which usually went out into the garden.
Gate symbolism
Entering the city through the gate symbolized a military triumph. From this arose the tradition of building triumphal arches, which are, in fact, symbolic gates.
Also, the gate is a symbol of transition from one state to another.
In Russia
In Russia, the gates were installed on poles, or columns. Gates in one shield, in rich houses - in two shields with a gate. Sometimes triple gates were arranged - with two wickets. The gates were covered with a small roof with policemen (gutters). The prince of the roof was decorated with turrets, tents, barrels, carved ridges. The wealth of the owner of the house was judged by the richly decorated gates.
Icons or a cross were installed above the gate from the outside and inside. For example, above the Spassky Gates of the Spasskaya Tower, a niche was preserved where the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands hung.
Gate in toponymy
City gates often become the source of street and square names. For example, in Moscow, according to the former gates of Kitai-Gorod and the White City, the squares Arbatsky, Varvarsky, Ilyinsky, Nikitsky, Pokrovsky Gates are named
Automatic gates
Automatic gates- this is a movable enclosing structure of a wall or fence opening, equipped with an electric drive, a control unit and a system for organizing vehicle access to a room or territory.
Types of automatic gates
Equipping ordinary gates with a modern electric drive with an electronic control unit turns them into a high-tech intelligent actuator that is perfectly integrated into the overall access control, security and life support system of the facility. Moreover, if for domestic use automatic gates are, first of all, comfort and safety, then for industrial applications besides this, there is also an increase in labor productivity, and sometimes a direct technological necessity.
There are many types of gates that can be classified according to various parameters.
According to the place of use, two types are most often distinguished: garage and street automatic gates. Garage doors are designed to organize the arrival of vehicles in enclosed spaces: garages, car washes, service stations, warehouses, workshops, etc.
Street or, as they are also called, entrance gates are most often installed in the opening of the fence. Thus, the street gate is a movable part of the fence, designed to solve the problems of controlling the access of vehicles to any isolated land plot, for example, the territory of an industrial facility, warehouse complex, homesteading, etc.
According to the way of movement when opening and filling the leaf, automatic garage doors are divided into:
- sectional,
- roll,
- lift-and-turn,
and street gates - on:
- swing,
- sliding gates.
Sectional doors are the most common type of garage doors. The leaf of sectional doors is made of horizontal sections. Most often, web sections are made from sandwich panelsfilled with polyurethane foam. It is possible to make sectional doors with a wicket door and/or panoramic windows. The surface of the sandwich panels can be decorated to look like a tree and have an embossing (panel). In a separate subtype of sectional doors, panoramic doors can be distinguished, the sections of which are made of transparent acrylic (glazing coefficient, that is, the proportion of the transparent part in total area, up to 90%), framed with an aluminum profile.
Rolling gates (rolling gates) similar to roller shutters: when opened, they roll up over the opening. The door leaf can be made of aluminum or steel lamellas, with or without rigid polyurethane foam filling. Rolling gates are not used to organize entry into heated premises. It is possible to use perforated slats (rolled gratings). A separate subtype of roller shutters is made up of high-speed film doors with a “soft” PVC leaf.
swing gate are a traditional type of street gate that fits easily into an already finished fence. This kind of gate has quite simple design: a canvas consisting of two wings. When designing swing gates, it is necessary to lay a place for opening them: inside the opening, or out. The frame and supporting structure of swing gates are usually made of rolled metal, and colored profiled sheets, sandwich panels, wooden crates or artistic forging are used as sheathing elements. Swing gates can be part of a fence or act as a structural element of a building. Classic swing gates are most often used as entrance gate to the territory. The simplicity of the design of this type of gate, low cost, ease of installation, as well as the possibility of a variety of designs make swing gates one of the most popular types. If you equip swing gates with an electric drive, then they can be controlled remotely, for example, without leaving your car.
Sliding gates It is convenient to use when space is limited near the gate. Sliding gates do not take up additional space when opened, the leaves do not narrow the opening. The gate itself may have different design- with a bottom guide rail, suspended with an upper rail or cantilever type (suspended without a top rail). The most convenient is the last type of sliding gate listed.
The design of sliding gates of the cantilever type is a frame (canvas) moving along the fence line on trolleys (cantilever blocks) installed on a solid foundation. The rollers of the carts are located inside the carrier beam, the foundation is on the inner territory to the right or left of the passage and is made in advance. A guide rail is welded along the entire length to the lower part of the door frame. This mechanism makes it easy to open the gate manually and ensures reliable operation of the drive even in the cold season. At the same time, the gate opening is completely free: there are no restrictions either from above or from below. When designing, you need to take into account the size of the frame, because quite often there is not enough space for the gate to roll back. For example, with a passage width of 4 m, it is desirable not less than 6 m free space right or left of the entrance.
section, rus. section) - a type of gate, the design of which is a section connected by loops. Sections move along guide rails attached to the edges of the opening and brought under the ceiling of the room. When opening the gate, the sections one by one go under the ceiling of the building, being placed in the space under the ceiling.Sectional doors are installed in private houses, underground garages and parking lots, industrial and agricultural facilities, warehouses, car washes and car services. Sectional doors, like other types of doors, are designed to block the opening. But unlike them, sectional doors have a number of advantages:
- rise vertically upwards, allowing you to save space inside the garage and in front of it;
- provide excellent protection against impact environment and noise;
- have a high degree of resistance to breaking;
- have good sealing;
- safe in operation;
- can be installed in almost any opening;
- have an attractive appearance.
Sectional doors can be opened and closed manually, as their weight is compensated by individually selected springs. In addition, sectional doors can be automated. In this case, the electric drive opens and closes the gate. Opportunities for controlling automated gates are diverse: from pressing a button on a remote control or stationary control to using a mobile phone.
Sectional door design
The main structural elements of sectional doors:
- Gate leaf
The leaf of sectional doors consists of two steel sheets connected to each other, between which there is a layer of rigid foam - polyurethane. It is this material that provides a high degree of thermal insulation for sectional doors. German manufacturers also use wooden panels. They are made from special types of wood, and to prevent atmospheric exposure, they are treated with special compounds. Such panels cannot be called an innovation, since the first structures were made exclusively of wood.
- Guides and hangers
Guides are steel profiles with brackets, which are attached to the opening and along which the movement of the door leaf is carried out. With the help of a suspension, the guides are attached to the ceiling. Guides are also vertical. They are used when the lintel (the distance from the top of the opening to the ceiling) is 2.3 times the height of the opening.
- spring mechanism
The spring mechanism is used to balance the sectional door leaf. Thanks to the springs, even very heavy sectional doors can be opened and closed quite easily by hand. The door leaf can be balanced using tension springs or torsion springs. The former are designed for small gates, while the latter are mainly for industrial gates.
Types of sectional door leaf
- Fabric assembled from sandwich panels
According to the requirements of Russian GOST 31174-2003 "Metal gates", metal sheets of sandwich panels should not be rolled together to prevent freezing of the panels at the joints. The design of the door leaf made of sandwich panels provides for the presence of various types of seals, which also helps to reduce their thermal conductivity.
A sandwich panel consists of two sheets of steel connected to each other, filled with heat-insulating material- foamed polyurethane. It is the sandwich panel that provides high thermal insulation characteristics of sectional doors. The thickness of such panels is different - from 9 mm to 45 mm. There are also single-wall panels (without insulation), but they are used very rarely.
Sandwich panels can have different patterns. The most popular drawings are "microwave", "corrugation" (zigovka), "panel" (cassette). In addition, the panel can be embossed (texture): “wood cut” (woodgrain) and “orange peel” (stucco).
Sandwich panels can be painted in any color according to the RAL catalog or have a surface that imitates the texture of wood, such as oak or cherry.
- panoramic canvas. The panoramic panel is made of extruded aluminum profiles with translucent inserts made of impact-resistant polycarbonate.
In doors, panoramic panels can be combined with sandwich panels. aluminum profiles and sandwich panels can be painted in any color according to the RAL catalog.
Types of sectional doors
Depending on the size, operating conditions and the required intensity of work, sectional doors are divided into two types:
Garage sectional doors are established on objects of private construction (private cottages, garage complexes). Garage doors are designed for private use and are usually smaller in size and life span than industrial doors.
Sectional garage doors fit almost any garage opening, making them ideal for new construction or replacing old swing doors. To mount the gate, small side and top lintels are required. Thanks to the attractive appearance garage doors are a great addition architectural solution cottage.
Industrial sectional doors- it is durable and safe design providing cover for the opening industrial premises on heavy traffic routes.
Industrial doors are applicable to all kinds building structures Therefore, they are actively used at industrial construction sites, public buildings and agriculture.
Industrial doors are an ideal solution for fire departments, car washes, service stations and car dealerships, industrial and agricultural premises, as well as warehouses.
Numerous design options for industrial doors allow installation in rooms with any opening features. Industrial gates vs. garage doors, designed for more intensive use and can be produced up to 7-8 m wide.
Panoramic gate- a kind of industrial gate. The leaf of such gates is assembled from panoramic panels. Panoramic doors provide an overview of the interior, its natural light and are an ideal solution for car dealerships, stations Maintenance, fire departments and other industrial facilities.
Gate control
Sectional doors can be operated both manually and automatically.
Manual gate control. Thanks to the spring mechanism, the weight of the door leaf is compensated and the door can be opened and closed manually. To lift the gate, a force of 100-200N (10-20 kg) is required.
Automatic gate control. In this case, the lifting and lowering of the door leaf is carried out by an electric drive, which is driven by a photocell, a laser or infrared barrier, a motion sensor or a photoradar. A control system is being actively implemented, controlled using video capture technology with recognition of a car number and even human biometric data.
Gate remote control. The electric drive of sectional doors can be controlled from the remote control, a stationary button, as well as from a mobile phone (provided that a GSM module is installed).
Emergency opening of automatic gates
In the absence of electricity or in the event of a failure of the automatic drive, the gate can be opened using an unlocking mechanism, of which there are several types.
Internal unlock. It is a cord attached to the carriage, by pulling which the gate is unlocked for manual operation. This type of unlocking is standard for all automatic drives for sectional doors, but to access the cord, you must have an additional entrance to the room.
External unlock. It consists of a metal cylinder-lock, a cable and a key. The lock cylinder cuts into the sectional door panel, and the cable is fixed at one end on the carriage, the other on the cylinder. By opening the key, the core is unlocked and allows you to tighten the cable, which allows you to transfer the gate to manual operation. This type of unlocking is not supplied as standard and must be purchased separately if you do not have an additional entrance to the premises.
Even in ancient times, the gates of the city were the central place of business and trade activity. Both ancient myths and biblical stories mention the gate. Court was held at the gate, the elders of the cities gathered, and at the gate there was a place of honor for rich nobles. The gates of the city also had a strategic purpose.
And if suddenly the city gates were captured by the enemy, then the city had no chance and was open to attack and plunder. From the very beginning of civilization, people began to build fences for the safety of their homes or villages, and at the same time, gates appeared to enter such fenced areas. Of course, the most simple gate were made of wood, and later they were also upholstered with iron, decorating them, and thus increasing their resistance. After all, wooden gates could be burned, and upholstered in metal were almost impregnable. When iron became more accessible, then the gates, especially for fortification purposes, began to be made entirely of metal.
The ancient antique gates differed significantly from modern examples. These were just large openings in the stone structures of that time. A little later, they began to build a gate with an arch, which was called the "portal". The victors or conquerors entered through the city gates, and this became a symbol of military triumph. From there, the traditional construction of symbolic gates such as the "Arc de Triomphe" originates.
And the medieval fortresses had more technically complex gates that rose and fell, playing the role of a kind of bridge across the moat with water that surrounded all the castles. It was they who became the first semi-automatic gates.
Each nation has its own peculiarities of gate decoration that distinguish their traditions and religious beliefs. And many rituals were associated with the gate, especially rituals for weddings or funerals.
Still, for example, the Russian gates had a small roof, and along the ridge of this roof there were all kinds of decorations that testified to the viability of their owner. Usually there were front, front, and "black" gates, for the master's needs. At the front gate different countries, heraldry was usually flaunted, reflecting the status of the owners of the house, or estate, or the coat of arms of the city. Also in modern times, at the gate you can see what the owner of the house wants to hide, or open to prying eyes, with the help of such a business card, called the gate.
GATES
Meaning:
GATE, -from, -otam and (obsolete and simple.) GATES, -from, -otam.
1. Passage inside the building or outside the fence, closed by wide sections, as well as these sections themselves. Enter into. Close in. Tesovye c. B. Gateway(regulating the water level in the lock). At the gates of the city(trans.: near the city itself; high.). From the gate turn show (give) to someone.(to send out, to offer to leave; simple.). For in. expose(drive away). Be behind ~mi(also trans.: to lose a job as a result of dismissal). Not in any does not climb(about something absurd, meaningless; colloquial). Trouble has come, open it ~(last word that trouble follows trouble).
2. In various sports games: a bow stuck into the ground or two poles with a crossbar, a fence with a net, a place where they throw the ball, puck, drive the ball. Football, hockey Croquet c. Hit on ~m. Ball in ~x.
3. Arch, colonnade, built in memory of some. events. Triumphant c.
| reduce gate, -tec (to 1 value).
| adj. gate, -th, -th (to 1 and 2 values). Gate poles.
S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
Meaning:
thief about ta
pl.a) A wide entrance or passage in a fence, in a wall, etc., locked with gates; gates, doors for locking the entrance or opening during the passage and passage.
b) trans. A city through which economic, cultural, etc. are carried out. some connection. countries (regions) with other countries (regions).
c) trans. An area located in close proximity to a city, region, etc.
d) Gate locks that serve to hold water at a certain level.
e) Passage for ships between rocks, shallows, etc.
2) Two posts with a crossbar, a barrier in the form of an arc and a net where the ball, puck, etc. are sent. (in some sports games).
3) The place of entry and exit from any. organ of blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, etc. (in medicine).
Small academic dictionary of the Russian language
gates
Meaning:
Mouth, pl.
A wide entrance or driveway, locked with gates (in buildings, walls, fences), as well as gates for locking this entrance or driveway.
Open the gate.
At the gates of the fortress, the sentry blocked his (Kazbich's) way with a gun. Lermontov, Bela.
Here it is, here at the turn My spacious new house And tesovye gates With a tightly screwed ring. Ogarev, Return.
The main gates of the factory opened. Gaidar, Smoke in the forest.
Sluice gates used to hold water at a certain level.
Narrow passage between rocks, shallows, etc.
Kara gates.
We entered the wide gates of a smooth pool, lined with steep, as if chopped off banks. I. Goncharov, Frigate "Pallada".
2. Sport.
Precisely marked protected part of the field of each of the two teams when playing football, hockey, etc.
Hockey gate. Kick the ball into the opponent's goal.
3. Honey.
The place of entry and exit from a organ of blood and lymphatic vessels.
Gate of the liver.
GATE synonyms
GATE accent, word forms
GATE origin, etymology
Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Vasmer Max
gates
Origin, etymology:
national gate, Ukrainian gate, blr. gates, other Russian. gate, st.-glory. vrata πύλη (Klots., Supr.), Bolg. gate, Serbohorv. gate, word. vrata, Czech. vrata, Polish. wrota, v.-puddle. wrota, n.-puddle. rota; see Thorbjornsson 2, 101.
Originally lit. vartaĩ pl., other Prussian. warto "door", Latvian. varti, English. weorð, worð "fence of a house, yard, street", Alb. vathë "fence, yard, paddock, sheepfold", Tocharian. B wärto, warto "garden, grove", OE vr̥tiṣ f. "fence, fence", further, see thief II, believe; Liden, Kuhn-Festschrift 139 ff.; Meillet, MSL 14, 379; Et. 297; Solmsen, Unters. gr. Lautl. 297; Frenkel, AfslPh 39, 71; Trautman, BSW 353. Slav. the word is the original. the form of the plural, not the dual, since in this case several parts form one whole; see Meie, Et. 176; Loman, ZfslPh 8, 491.