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What distance should be between houses according to the current legislation of the Russian Federation. Distance between houses What is SNiP

Building up in the private sector, compliance with the requirements of SNiP plays an important role. This legislative act states that between buildings different types a specific distance norm must be observed. Ignoring the required minimum is unacceptable, as it jeopardizes the use of houses and other buildings.

Such an assumption can provoke very serious consequences, up to the need to demolish buildings. The material below will help prevent this. In it, our resource covers in detail all the requirements of SNiP, which regulate the norms for the distance between houses and other buildings.

You need to build houses according to established rules

The legislation of the Russian Federation regulates many spheres of life. and the reconstruction of real estate objects were no exception, therefore, everything related to their implementation is covered in a number of legislative acts.

Some provisions in these documents are advisory in nature, others are mandatory. In any case, compliance with the norms regulated by laws will definitely not be superfluous, because the expediency of their use has been confirmed by experts and time-tested.

In order not to lose such important information, before building up your site, each citizen of our country should familiarize himself with the information from:

  • Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (GSK RF);
  • Federal Law "On technical regulation";
  • Technical regulations and recommendations of the Government of the Russian Federation;
    relevant GOSTs;
  • Code of Design and Construction Rules in the Russian Federation;
  • Building codes and regulations (SNiP).

AT ideal it is advisable for a potential "developer" to thoroughly study all the submitted acts. However, if there is not enough time, it is enough to look through the GSK of the Russian Federation and study in detail the requirements of SNiP. It is these regulations that contain the most important information on "construction" issues in Russia, including the one under consideration today.

Norms and rules for the placement of buildings

The distance between houses is determined in specific cases

According to the "construction" legislation of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to build or reconstruct houses strictly according to the drawn up documentation and with careful consideration of all operations. Partly to facilitate these tasks are the requirements of SNiP, which must be observed when building houses and other buildings on the territory of our country.

Note that these requirements are quite a useful thing, tested by many professionals from the construction industry.

As for the issue under consideration today, the norms of distances between houses and other buildings on a particular land plot are also regulated by the relevant SNiPs. To be more precise, this aspect of construction is considered in the act - SNiP 30-02-97.

It is in it that anyone can find the basic requirements and recommendations for planning and building private land in Russia. Summarizing the information from SNiP 30-02-97, our resource identified the following main provisions regarding the construction of buildings on the site:

  • is a building with no more than 3 storeys and an area less than or equal to 1,500 square meters. Buildings that do not fall under these characteristics cannot be called a “house”, as a result of which the provisions of other SNiPs are applicable to them.
  • All houses or other buildings on a private land plot must be located 5 meters or more from the "red line". It includes: the carriageway, driveways and the beginning of the streets. The side passage is not included in the list of objects of the "red line", so houses or other buildings can be located 3 meters from it.
  • Neighboring houses should be at a regulated distance from each other. For this aspect, the norms are determined based on what material the adjacent objects are finished with or erected. In a typical case, between the “concrete-concrete” bond, the allowable distance is at least 6 meters, “concrete-wood” - 8 meters, “non-concrete (any material)-wood” - 10 meters, “tree-wood” - 15 meters. Violation of these rules is not allowed.
  • Relative to other buildings, the required distance is different. In particular, a distance of at least 1 meter is allowed between the neighboring territory and a bathhouse or garage, and 4 meters between the border of a neighboring plot and outbuildings.
  • Trees must be planted at a distance of at least 2 (4 - for tall) meters from the border with neighboring land.
  • When building land and building a house or other buildings, it is important not only to comply with the regulated norms of distances, but in general not to harm anyone. Otherwise, construction can legally be frozen.

Distances between objects on the same site

Compliance with the norms is the duty of citizens of the country!

Now that the development of a land plot relative to neighboring properties has been studied in detail, it will not be superfluous to consider what distances should be between objects of different types on the same site. According to the current SNiPs, they are as follows:

  • Between the toilet (compost building or pit) and the house or basement there should be a distance of at least 12 meters, between the toilet (compost building or pit) and water nodes - 8 meters.
  • Between the bath and the house, the distance should be at least 8 meters.
  • Between the septic tank and the bath - 5 meters.
  • Between trees - 2 (4 - for large trees) meters.
  • Between buildings made of dissimilar materials, standards similar to those described above apply.

Compliance with the presented norms is not only the duty of every citizen of the Russian Federation when building up his site, but also a real help for him. Since the use of legally established distances between objects allows not to carry out complex calculations for land planning in compliance with all fire and sanitary standards.

Having bought real estate in a village or in the private sector of a big city, people begin to dream of their own beautiful house and a well-groomed courtyard with lawns or garden plot. Where is the best place to put the main building, garage, gazebo, lay paths and plant fruit trees on their plot for individual housing construction (individual housing construction) - these tasks, of course, are solved only by the owners of land square meters. But it turns out that there are some points that depend on the location of the borders of neighboring sections and the so-called "red line". During the construction of private houses, disagreements often arise between neighbors over the question of what distance should be between private houses and whether there are such legislative norms to regulate this problem.

The red line is a virtual line denoting the border between the territory of the IZHS site and the land of common or municipal ownership (behind it, communication lines, gas and water pipes, a roadway, sidewalks, etc. begin).

Norms governing construction and planning issues

For the design and construction of all kinds of structures and buildings in the current Russian legislation, of course, there are corresponding standards. These special legal norms for the creation of any buildings are called sets of rules, abbreviated as SP. For example, SP 30-102-99 "Planning and development of territories of low-rise housing construction", legally fixed in 1999, regulates planning and development in the private sector.

Special norms also regulate the construction of residential high-rise buildings, factories, enterprises or engineering structures. Among them, a due place is occupied by the legal institutions of individual industries, for example, the Institute of Building Regulations and Rules (SNiP), compliance with which is mandatory when building plots and building individual housing constructions. These rules were created back in the days Soviet Union and have been repeatedly tested by engineers after many various designs, taking into account all fire-fighting, technical and sanitary-hygienic requirements of citizens and the state.

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Building rules

According to building codes and regulations, all buildings and plantings on the site for individual housing construction should not exceed the distance indicated below in relation to neighboring sites located. Here's how many meters you need to count from the red line or from the neighbors:

All protruding parts (balconies, roof slopes, sheds) of the above buildings cannot exceed half a meter in length.

The influence of the material of buildings on their location

According to fire safety construction standards (established by SP 4.13130.2009), the distance between residential buildings in the private sector must be calculated, taking into account the material from which certain buildings will be built.

The exact parameters of fire safety during the construction of buildings can be found in the local department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. They will tell you the exact standards, which depend on the climate, the characteristics of the building, its cladding and other factors, for the region in which your site for individual housing construction is located.

Country buildings

In accordance with SNiP 30-02-97 "Planning and development of the territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures", the norm for the development of summer cottages in garden societies was established. It is clear that the size of their territory will be much smaller for individual land ownership in villages or urban-type settlements. When erecting buildings, the dimensions of the allowable distance will be at least three meters from the house to someone else's site. Distance between private country houses must be strictly observed, otherwise the violator will be drawn to criminal liability. It should be noted that when talking about the development of garden plots, one must also pay attention to the height of the fence separating neighboring allotments from each other, and to its material. According to the legislation, the fence should not exceed one and a half meters in height, and the material can only be mesh or lattice.

Need to know! If a common language is found between the neighbors, it is possible to agree on the construction of a blind fence between their sections, but for this it is necessary to conclude an agreement on this object in writing.

Responsibility for violations of SNiP

Although building codes and regulations are not nationwide regulations, for the violation of which legal liability is provided, and in case of their violation, no one will necessarily hold you accountable, but there are cases of court decisions on punishments for the gaps. This happens in those situations when you violate the rights of other citizens by your illegal actions, subsequently which the buildings were created. For example:

  • Water flows from your roof in streams and floods the neighboring beds;
  • Rotten fruits constantly fall on the neighboring territory;
  • The area for keeping the animals is as close as to cause discomfort, etc.

In this case, the owner of the neighboring plot has the right to sue you to protect their rights. If during the court investigation violations of building codes and regulations are found, then the final result may be a very unpleasant and financially unprofitable court decision - the demolition of a building that encroached on other people's interests.

All costs of restoring the rights of a neighbor, in accordance with legislative norms, lie on the shoulders of the violator.

Before starting the construction of a private dwelling, you need to find and process information about what should be the distance between houses in neighboring areas. Knowing the norms and rules of construction will help you reasonably allocate plots for various development plans and comply with the law, which will save you from any legal misunderstandings in the future. Let your home be comfortable and safe, there will be peace and harmony with your neighbors!

Be careful!

The latest changes in the legislation might not be displayed in this article, in this regard, the article could lose its legal relevance. If you have any questions, be sure to contact our lawyer for a free consultation using the form below.

When building a private sector an important factor is the distance between residential buildings and other buildings. The dimensions are laid down in SNiP and SP based on fire safety and compliance with sanitary standards. For dacha and garden cooperatives with small plots, there are additional conditions for planning development and ways to ensure the safety of housing.

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Distance from multi-storey building to residential buildings

When planning the construction of housing, you need to know exactly what distance should be from a private house to a neighboring residential building on the lands of individual housing construction. For residents of MKD - apartment buildings- knowledge of the norms will be needed if a high-rise building is erected under their windows, which will block the access of light. There is a single norm for residential buildings located within the city. It is regulated by the building rules SP 42.13330.2011.

The minimum distance between the long sides of the houses is:

  1. For 2- and 3-storey houses - 15 m.
  2. For 4-storey buildings - 20 m.
  3. For 5-storey buildings - 25 m.

Independently, the distance between multi-storey buildings can be calculated by adding 4 floors of 5 m to each floor to the norm. For example, multi-apartment 9-story buildings should be no closer to each other and other houses than 45 m (20 + 5 * 5).

The established distance between multi-storey residential buildings provides access to sunlight through the windows of the first floor. In the event of a fire or destruction of a high-rise building, adjacent multi-apartment buildings will not be affected. Fire and debris will not reach neighboring houses in the city.

When planning development within the city, the gap between the long ends of the houses is calculated - the front and rear facades.

Distance is defined as the angle from the ground to the roof, its edge above the wall. This value is not constant, but a reference value. The largest angle of 30 degrees is used for low buildings of 2 floors.

Between high-rise buildings, the calculation is done using an angle of 18–15 degrees. The more people live in the house, the more spacious the area free from buildings. The determining figure in the calculations is the population density per unit area within the city.

The minimum distance between a residential building and any other building can only be changed upwards. The requirements of SNiP stipulate some of the cases:

  • high fire risk of the building;
  • area of ​​increased seismic activity;
  • the height of the ceilings in the house is more than 2.8 m.

According to safety requirements, the fire distance between residential buildings built from flammable materials should be greater. SNiP indicates the interval between high-rise buildings made of brick and concrete panels.

Between a separate store, an entertainment center with a large crowd of people, the distance from an apartment building or a private house cannot be less than 50 m. sanitary standards you need to take into account the density of the accumulation of people on the site. The requirement for the creation of sanitary zones is laid down in SNiP 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.

Distance between private houses

Except multi-storey buildings, within the city and outside it, land is allocated for individual development of seasonal and permanent residential buildings. Housing and outbuildings are located on the site in a certain place, as required by the standards laid down in the fire safety documents and sanitary requirements.

Read also: Indentation from the boundary of the site during the construction of a residential building: the norm of SNiP and the law for individual housing construction, SNT

In relation to normative acts, building plots are divided into:

  • IZHS - building on individual plots;
  • SNK, DNO and other types of cooperatives and societies with non-commercial use of land.

On the site purchased for individual housing construction, capital buildings are being built with permanent residence. These are lands within the city, urban-type settlements and other villages. The sites have a police address where the residents of the house are registered. Legislative documents, the requirements of which must be observed are:

  • SNiP 30-02-97 as amended in 2018;
  • SP 53.13330.2011;
  • SNiP 2.07.01-89;
  • "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004, No. 190-FZ.

The regulatory documents clearly indicate the distance between private residential buildings based on the requirements of SNiP and SP, taking into account fire safety. This rule applies to everyone.

Plots on the lands of non-profit cooperatives often have small size, and the distance from one house to another is impossible to maintain. When planning the construction of seasonal housing on a site, the charter of a cooperative or society is a fundamental document. It prescribes the norms for permissible distances between buildings, the maximum dimensions and number of storeys of buildings, as well as their placement.

Housing on the lands of dacha and horticultural cooperatives is built for seasonal stay in it. It has no police address.

Private buildings

Development of projects and subsequent construction in the private sector are carried out on the basis of the requirements of SP 30-102-99 and SNiP 2.07.01-89. They laid down the minimum distance between private residential buildings - 6 m. This is also stated in SNiP 30-02-97 as amended in 2018, as well as in SP 53.13330.2011. The distance is measured from the nearest facade element, wall, corner or plinth ledge. In the case when there are architectural elements, balconies or canopies protruding beyond the plane by more than 0.5 m, their outer edge should be used as the reference point for the distance.

When designing construction, it should be taken into account that according to SP 42.13330.2011, the gap from one to the other windows of neighboring houses is at least 6 m. This space should not contain tall trees, fences more than 1.5 m high, deaf shrubs and other objects that limit the free passage and view from the window.

Minimum distances

From the fence with the neighbor is recommended free space 3 m. It is imperative to have a free fire passage along the entire fence from the inside. Around each permanent or temporary structure, the path must be at least 1 m wide.

The transparency of the fence from neighbors is regulated by local laws in the range of 50-70%. It is possible to put a fence on the boundary above or deaf with the mutual consent of the parties, fixed in writing.

The distance between the houses can be reduced by mutual agreement of both parties. Consent is made in writing and certified by a notary. The disadvantage of the agreement is that it terminates when the composition of the owners changes.

Distances according to SNiP

If the land and the house are transferred to another owner as a result of inheritance or sale, the contract becomes null and void. The new owner has the right to demand through the court the demolition of a building erected with deviation from the norms of the joint venture and SNiP.

Read also: Distance from TS to buildings and structures: residential buildings and playgrounds

Multi-storey residential buildings

On the IZHS site, it is permissible to build a house up to 3 floors high. The requirements say that it can be designed for the residence of relatives and not have separate furnished apartments.

The minimum distance from the building of 2-3 floors in relation to the residential building of another owner of the land should be more than 10 m. The territory of the neighbors behind the fence may be shaded high-rise buildings less than half daylight hours. On housing, the shadow can fall for less than 2 hours.

Fire safety standards

Norms for the distance between buildings can be much higher for fire safety. They take into account the degree of ignition and the category of combustibility. building materials used in the construction of walls and roofs. In the event of a fire in one of the buildings, the rest of the housing and outbuildings should not fall into the fire zone. For private houses on the IZHS site, fire standards are indicated in legislative documents:

  • "Fire safety standards", PN No. 53.13330.2011;
  • "Fire safety rules for buildings and structures" dated 01/21/1997.

Permissible norms

A minimum distance of 6 m is allowed if both houses are built from non-combustible and fire-resistant materials:

  • bricks;
  • stone;
  • concrete.

In the presence of wooden beams in the ceiling and partitions in one of the buildings, the space from one to the other building should be increased to 8 m.

Wood, even coated with protective compounds, quickly ignites and burns actively. The minimum gap between frame and wooden houses in a straight line between the nearest points approved at 15 m.

During construction brick house with a high degree of fire resistance, 10 m should be retreated from a wooden log house located on an adjacent site.

Distance is measured along the shortest straight line between buildings. It can be a corner of the house, a porch, a projection of a balcony on the ground. You can increase the distance to the neighbor's hut by placing the house in the depths of the site not in the same row with other buildings.

Red line and border with neighbor

A red line has been drawn along the border with the road on IZHS development projects for residential buildings and household structures. It marks the boundary between private and municipal land. Usually it coincides with the road and the location of air and underground communications.

The layout of the residential building

All buildings, regardless of their purpose, should be located at a distance of 5 m from the red line. The front fence can be closer to the red line, provided that free passage of vehicles is ensured and the sidewalk for pedestrians is not obstructed. At the same time, it is removed from underground communications by the width of the sidewalk.

If there is an alley on the side of the plot, the house should not be closer than 1 m from the boundary of the plot and at least 3 m from the road or footpath.

When laying the foundation of a house, a distance of 3 m is maintained from the border with a neighboring plot. The height of the fence and the degree of its combustibility do not matter. If the neighboring building is closer than 3 m to the boundary, or if the building is wooden, then you need to measure the distance from the nearest point of the neighboring residential building. The distance to the fence increases.

Garage placement

On IZhS plots, garages are designed during the development of 2 types:

  • built into the house;
  • separately standing.

The construction of any building in a row of neighboring or just household structures requires compliance with certain fire safety distances. This is true for both individual and state, multi-apartment construction. What are the minimum possible distances during construction?

Construction distance

The need to break the line of buildings is associated not only with fire safety, but also with sanitary and epidemiological safety. But of course, first of all, all SNiPs and requirements are connected precisely with the prevention and prevention of mass fires.

On this basis, all buildings are divided into 3 large groups, according to their "combustibility" class. The first contains buildings and, in general, any buildings made of flammable or simply materials that have the status of “combustible” in construction. These include wooden log cabins, frame-panel houses on wooden base and similar structures.

The second group includes more reliable stone houses, but having wooden floors. They can be made of any material, but if they have wooden elements, this is flammability group 2.

Finally, fortified houses, with purely stone walls and reinforced concrete products or simply concrete floors. They have very few combustible materials, so the requirements for them are among the most lax.

So, if we arrange these houses in a row and consider how these buildings should be built in order to avoid big trouble, then it turns out that the largest distances will be between solid wood structures - 15 m, no less. If you want to place a frame house next to a stone house wooden gazebo, then it can be located already 9-10 m from its walls. There should be a “gap” of 8-9 m between a stone house and a house with wooden floors, and between a clean stone houses you can leave only 6-7 m. of space.

By the way, the same requirements are valid for multi-storey buildings. If the practice they observed troubles would be much less.

Distance between houses during construction: personal plots

Distances in garden and country construction is a topic for a separate discussion. As a rule, here it is necessary to observe not only fire clearances between the main and outbuildings, or between neighboring houses, but also the distances between roads, green spaces and fences. And according to sanitary standards and between the house and livestock buildings.

So, more specifically, between any type of house and the main road, as well as any transport route, the house should be 3-5 meters away. Keep in mind that the busier the road, the farther the house should be from it.

From the house to the fence or the border of the site, it is also necessary to withstand from 3 m or more, however, even any outbuilding should not be pressed against the fence - at least 1 m should remain.

Regarding gardening, you need to know that green spaces, such as tall trees, should be planted at 4 m, and shorter plants - 2-3 m from the neighboring borders. Livestock buildings in any case should be at a distance from the house and from the neighbor's fence of mines at 4-5 m.

When arranging communications, remember that when arranging a water supply system and pressure sewage in general, it is necessary to deviate from the foundation by 5-6 m. pipes up to 1.2 MPa) m.

Communications must take place at least 2 meters from the house. This is due both to shielding interference and the need to protect the cable itself from damage in everyday life.

Sanitary norms and rules also give guidance on the relative position of buildings. Try to make toilet with cesspool no closer than 6 m from the house. If the closet is located in the building, then the cesspool should be located 5 m from the walls of the house.

In Poland, the construction of the narrowest house in the world - only 133 centimeters wide - is being completed. He was squeezed between two houses on one of the streets of Warsaw.

View AFTER:

He has no foundation. The structure of the house is mounted on steel supports.

The house is three-storey.

It can be climbed by a ladder, which is retractable and remotely controlled.

Electricity and water are supplied to the house from external networks.

A year ago, one might have thought that this was just a fantastic project. But ongoing construction works they say that this is reality (project page - centrala.net.pl/our-work/keret):

Construction of the house is expected to be completed by mid-October 2012.

This house is built for himself not by a homeless person who did not have enough space in a big city, but by the Israeli writer Etgar Keret. The house under construction will be his creative workshop and a place for meetings with creative people.

What I see great in this project:

1. He solves the housing problem of a big city.
In the center of large cities, there is practically no place for the construction of new housing. If you can occupy the empty spaces between the houses - why not?

3. Filling in unnecessary empty spaces in the city improves the ecological situation and reduces crime. For example, the photo below shows what the place between two multi-storey buildings was like, which the future house claimed:

It used to be just a dumping ground for junk. Instead of removing the garbage, the townspeople simply closed the passage with a high fence. And when an empty space is fenced off with a high fence, God knows what can be happening behind this fence.

Of course, the construction of such a house cannot be considered a cheap pleasure (one project is worth developing).

But the Israeli writer is not an oligarch either. So any wealthy person can afford such a house.

And the precedent set will be a good incentive for future projects.

If designer houses start to appear in the urban slums instead of garbage dumps, I think everyone will only get better from this.

Here you will find finished look the narrowest house in the world.