Bulgarian pepper planting and care in the open field. How to grow sweet peppers outdoors? What do peppers love outdoors?

16.11.2019

Pepper is a heat-loving and moisture-loving crop. Growing pepper in open field a simple task, it is only important to adhere to some features. Sweet bell pepper is very popular among professional gardeners, it is successfully grown by summer residents. Grow peppers on your own suburban area under the power of everyone. How to grow Bell pepper and get the most out of the plant will prompt the advice of experienced breeders. By following their recommendations, the yield can be increased several times.

Preparing a plot for planting sweet pepper

Peppers thrive in open, sunny areas. But plants are afraid of the wind. Young plants should be planted in a place that is not shaded by trees, but is not in a draft. The ideal place is the area adjacent to the southern wall of any building. Planting peppers outdoors requires attention to soil composition, lighting, and protection from drafts.
The sweet guest grows well after cabbage and pumpkin crops, legumes and table root crops. Plant it the following year after these crops, and the pepper will surprise you with abundant fruiting.
bell pepper do not grow for 3 years in the place where solanaceous crops grew: potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants. Peppers and nightshades suffer from the same soil-borne infections.
The soil at the site of planting pepper should be fertile, well-drained, perfectly retain moisture. The place for planting pepper is prepared in the autumn. After the previous cultivated plant is removed, it is necessary to clear the bed of weeds and dig it up. In the autumn, it is necessary to fertilize the soil, using 1 sq. m. area:

50 g of superphosphate;
80 g wood ash;
10 kg of humus.

After even distribution nutritional composition the soil is being dug up.

Pepper is not planted in the area where organic matter has just been introduced.

A Bulgarian guest does not need an abundance of fresh organic matter. Pepper is better to "underfeed" than "overfeed". The abundance of nitrogen combinations leads to the fact that the culture is actively growing and developing rapidly. Such a plant bears fruit much worse: pepper discards tied fruits, the size of vegetables decreases. Therefore, organic fertilizers are applied precisely in the autumn.
In the spring, before planting, the open area must again be loosened and fertilized. For 1 sq. m. at spring fertilizer used:

40 g of phosphorus;
40 g potassium;
20 g of nitrogen.

Drugs should be administered in early spring. Immediately before planting pepper seedlings, the site should again be dug up and leveled.

We plant seedlings

Bulgarian pepper is a thermophilic plant. Young specimens are planted in the soil after the threat of spring night frosts has passed. The time of planting seedlings depends on the regional location of the cottage. As a rule, peppers are planted starting in mid-May.
Seedlings of bell pepper for open ground must undergo a hardening process. To increase resistance to adverse factors, plants should be taken out in warm weather to Fresh air. Hardening of young individuals is carried out gradually, starting from a few minutes.

Pepper planting scheme 70x30 cm or 50x50 cm:

A few hours before planting, young plants are watered abundantly. The culture at the time of transplantation should be vigorous and healthy. Lack of moisture can have a detrimental effect on the survival process. Withered plants drop the first buds, delay their development. A weak and wilted plant during transplantation is a significant decrease in yield.
Young seedlings are planted in the afternoon. At night, the culture will not fight the sweltering heat and will throw all its strength into survival. In the event that it is cloudy outside, pepper seedlings can be planted at any time of the day.
Prepare holes in the soil for planting. Each hole should be watered abundantly: 2 liters of water per plant. Irrigation water is best used room temperature warmed up in the sun.
Seedlings are transplanted with an earthen clod. Each plant should be separated from the container and planted in the prepared holes not too deep: the pepper is planted 3 cm deeper than it grew in room conditions. Pepper does not form adventitious roots well. Nevertheless, their appearance contributes to more better nutrition culture.

The plant is not demanding on the composition of the earth. However, it grows best in loamy soil.

Watering plants outdoors

Peppers are very fond of water. But still, it should be watered carefully. Overwatering is just as detrimental to the plant as dryness. Immediately after transplanting bell pepper from containers into the soil, watering is not carried out. For the first time, the soil is moistened after 7 days. Peppers are watered at intervals of 3 days, 1 liter each warm water for 1 plant. Water the culture at the root. In extreme heat, peppers are watered daily.

10 days after planting the seedlings, plantings should be checked for survival. Dead sprouts are replaced with spare ones.
Established plants are watered very carefully. Bulgarian professional vegetable growers call such watering thin - frequent watering in small doses.
It is easy to determine when a plant needs water: if the bush has completely darkened, the pepper needs urgent watering. Wilting peppers can also indicate insufficient watering. Although the wilting of the plant in the afternoon does not indicate dryness of the soil.
At the time of the ripening of the crop, pepper is watered much more: 1 time for 6 days, 2-3 liters per plant.
During the hot period, pepper is watered in the morning or evening hours.

We loosen a bed with peppers

Pepper is very susceptible to the air permeability of the soil. It is impossible to allow the formation of a crust in any way. With the help of loosening, the roots of the plant receive more oxygen, and the plant itself develops more quickly. Loosening helps fight weeds.
At first, the pepper grows slowly. Within 15 days after planting, the root system develops, and the plant itself "sits" in place. Until the pepper starts to grow, it is not recommended to loosen the area.
The first loosening is carried out to a depth of no more than 10 cm. The root system of bell pepper is placed superficially, so the soil should be loosened carefully, without injuring the delicate roots.

Subsequent loosening is carried out after precipitation, watering, before a crust has formed on the surface of the bed. As a rule, the bed under early varieties Bulgarian pepper is loosened 4 times during the growing season. The place under the early varieties is loosened a couple of times during the growth period.
Peppers bloom very profusely. During the period of formation of peduncles, the culture needs hilling.

Loosen, weed, spud bell peppers should be very carefully. Its root system is in the top layer of soil. In addition, the plant itself is very fragile.

Proper feeding is the key to successful cultivation

During the growing season, pepper is fed no more than 4 times. The plant reacts painfully to the abundant content of organic matter and minerals in the soil, although it still needs nutrient soil for successful fruiting.
The first fertilization is carried out at the time of the first loosening of the soil - 2 weeks after transplanting seedlings into open ground. At the first fertilizer, it is necessary to make a manure solution or chicken manure: 1 part of manure is diluted in 5 liters of warm water, 1 part of chicken manure is diluted in 15 liters of warm water. In cooked organics, you can add 1 tbsp. wood ash or phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
First feed:

10 liters of prepared organic solution;
60 g of superfastate;
20 g of potassium chloride;
1 glass of wood ash.

Also, pepper can be fertilized without the use of organics:

10 liters of settled warm water;
20 g of ammonium nitrate;
60 g of superphosphate;
30 g of potassium chloride.

Fertilizer is applied under the root at the rate of 1 liter per 1 plant.
The second time bell pepper is fertilized with the same compounds during the formation of buds.
At the time of formation of the ovaries, the plant needs organic matter. That is why professional gardeners advise at the time of fruit formation to fertilize the plant with organic fertilizers.
The fourth time the plants are fed when the fruits are reduced in size. Very often this happens with early varieties closer to autumn.

Peppers do not tolerate chlorine. That is why potassium chloride is recommended to be replaced with wood ash. Any varieties for open ground should be fertilized especially carefully.

Spring night frosts are detrimental to pepper: protective measures

After planting bell pepper seedlings in open garden you have to be prepared for night frosts. They meet even at the beginning of summer. Many summer residents advise using so-called tents as protection - structures made of wooden planks, cardboard, plastic. Young seedlings are simply covered for the night. In the morning, the protection must be removed. Film portable shelters, which are advisable to use during prolonged cold snaps, have also proven themselves well.

Since ancient times, fumigation of plants has been a reliable protector from spring frosts. For such a process, special smoke piles are prepared that can produce very thick smoke.
Too low temperatures lead to the fall of small fruits and flowers. A temperature of 8-10 degrees can cause this unpleasant phenomenon. In addition, in the cold, plant growth stops, yields decrease.
Peppers in the open field are not recommended to be planted too early. He is susceptible to low temperatures.

Temperature indicators for successful cultivation

For successful development and high fruiting, sweet peppers need warmth. The plant feels best at a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees, and responds well to higher temperatures. At low rates, the development of the crop slows down, and the yield is significantly reduced. You can protect the plant from low temperature indicators if you cover it in cold period vegetation.

Tall varieties need support

Varieties of sweet pepper, characterized by high growth, need to be tied up. Low-growing pepper varieties can not be tied up, but the presence of a support contributes to uniform fruit ripening, easier care and high-quality harvesting. To create a support, traditional wooden pegs are used. The plants themselves are protected by other cultures of high growth. The wind through such protection will not blow so much.
We form a bush - we increase the yield of a vegetable

The formation of the plant is very important for obtaining high yields. Many breeders believe that without a properly created form, it is impossible to get the maximum benefit from a plant.
Bush formation methods:

They create a skeleton of a bush: in the first fork, only the two strongest shoots are left. On the skeletal shoots, 2 branches are also left, one of which will grow vertically, and the second - directed to the outside. It is recommended to remove internal shoots. With proper shaping, a pepper bush can grow to a height of up to 1.2 m.
They create a skeleton of a bush: two shoots are tied up in a vertical direction. In each node, 1 external shoot is left. With this formation, it is necessary to plant plants at a distance of up to 50 cm, install supports and stretch horizontal twines. The bush is able to rise to a height of more than 2 m.

We attract insects for pollination

In order for the pepper to be pollinated by insects, and, accordingly, to give higher fruiting results, insects can be attracted. For such a process, during the flowering period, it is necessary to spray the plant with a sweet composition:

100 g of granulated sugar;
2 g boric acid;
1 l hot water.

In addition to artificial pollination, to attract honey insects, it is recommended to place containers with honey solution near the plantations: 1 tsp. honey dissolved in 1 tbsp. hot water.

Choosing a variety of pepper for growing in the garden

Currently, summer residents have the opportunity to use modern varieties of pepper that are resistant to low temperatures and are not susceptible to infections. Breeders have bred a great variety of varieties of sweet pepper, differing in the abundance of fruiting, color, size of the fruit.

"Funtik"

the height of an adult plant ranges from 50 to 70 cm;
fruits have a rich red tint;
ovary cone-shaped without a relief pattern;
fruit weight - 100-180 g;
medium-yielding variety: one bush is able to please 18 fruits;
resistant to infectious and fungal diseases.

"Czardas"

relatively tall plant: as a rule, the bush has a height of 60-70 cm, under certain climatic conditions its height can reach 1 m;
during the ripening period, the fruit changes its color from rich green to orange-red;
ovary cone-shaped with a sharp spout;
fruits are large, fleshy: weight can reach up to 250 g;
medium-yielding variety: during the fruiting period, one bush is able to “grow” up to 18 fruits;
fruits can be used for food both in green and ripe form.

"Barguzin"

sweet pepper can grow up to 70 cm;
fruit color from rich yellow to orange;
fruits of a cone-shaped elongated shape;
ovary weight - 150-200 g;
during the growing season it is possible to collect up to 18 fruits from one plant;
differs in unpretentiousness and ability to adapt to any compositions of the soil.

"Cornet"

tall plant: the height of the bush exceeds 1 m;
fruit color from dark brown to purple;
fruits have a cone-shaped relief shape;
large-fruited variety: one peppercorn can weigh up to 250 g;
with proper care from one plant, you can collect up to 15 fruits;
bears fruit throughout the growing season.

"Chord"

it is demanding on lighting: with abundant light, the height of the plant can reach 1 m, but as a rule, the plant grows only 50-60 cm;
fruits have a bright red tint;
cone-shaped fruits;
the mass of the ovary depends on the light: with abundant light - 200 g, with a lack of light - 150 g;
medium-yielding variety: from 10 to 20 fruits can be harvested from one plant;
for successful cultivation strong lighting is required.

Pinocchio F1

undersized variety: height very rarely exceeds 50 cm;
fruits of a shade of a gradient, spotted ovaries can also be found;
conical shape of a vegetable with significant elongation;
peppercorns have a small weight of 80 to 120 g;
low-yielding variety: with proper care, 12-15 fruits can be harvested from one bush;
according to professional summer residents and cooks, this is best grade for winter preparations.

"Cabin boy"

bush 50-60 cm high;
color from dark green to deep red: green fruits are used for conservation, red ones are eaten fresh;
the fruits are cone-shaped with a pointed tip;
the weight of one vegetable is 130-180 g;
high-yielding pepper: during the fruiting period it can please up to 30 medium-sized fruits;
resistant to diseases, unpretentious to care.

"Actor"

one of the most tall varieties pepper: the height of the bush is from 1 to 1.5 m;
when ripe, the fruits have a scarlet hue;
ovaries cone-shaped, strongly elongated with a blunt tip;
the most fleshy pepper: the weight of the fruit is about 300 g;
medium-yielding plant: up to 14 vegetables can be harvested from a bush.

"Bagration"

bush height 80-100 cm;
producing a beautiful orange hue, sometimes with green or red spots;
ovaries are club-shaped and interesting relief;
ovaries of medium size - 150-200 g;
has a wonderful taste, refined aroma;
during the growth period, one bush gives up to 14 peppercorns;
high resistance to infections, fungi.

"Smile"

usually mature plant has a height of up to 80 cm, with good care its height can reach 1 m;
unripe fruits have a rich green color, when ripe, the vegetable acquires an orange color;
the fruits are cone-shaped with a blunt tip;
the variety is demanding for watering;
with sufficient moisture, the fruits can weigh up to 250 g;
yield value: up to 16 fruits from one bush;
variety can be used for food different stages maturation.

"Nafanya"

an adult plant reaches a height of no more than 70 cm;
fruits have a burgundy color, purple ovaries are less common;
cone-shaped fruits with a sharp tip;
ovaries weighing 70-180 g;
medium-yielding variety: up to 15 fruits can be harvested from one bush;
differs in the duration of flowering, is able to bear fruit throughout the growing season.

"Tomboy"

the variety is demanding on lighting, on which the height of an adult plant depends: with abundant light, the bush can have a height of up to 1 m, with insufficient lighting - 50 cm;
fruits in the ripening period have a bright yellow or orange color;
ovaries cone-shaped rounded;
fruits of medium size weighing up to 150 g;
high-yielding variety: more than 25 fruits can ripen during the fruiting period;
as a rule, abundant fruiting leads to a decrease in the size of the ovaries.

"Bunny"

undemanding to growing conditions;
the height of an adult bush can exceed 1 m;
fruits are rich red, rarely burgundy;
differs upward directed fruit growth;
the mass of one vegetable can be from 160-250 g;
during the growing season it is able to please up to 15 ovaries from a bush;
fruits differ in juiciness and pleasant aroma.

The best varieties of sweet peppers for open ground will allow you to grow decent crops. Adhering to the recommendations of breeders, the growing process turns into an interesting activity, and the result will stun you with abundant fruiting.

Hybrid or variety: what to prefer

There is a huge amount of opinion regarding the cultivation of hybrids and varieties. If you are going to collect seeds from fruits, preference in cultivation should be given to the variety. Otherwise, a hybrid is used.
A variety is the result of breeders. Such peppers are adapted to certain growing conditions, capable of producing seeds similar to the mother plant. It is known for its reliable taste. But, unfortunately, the variety is more susceptible to all kinds of infections and is not always suitable for growing in a particular region. Pepper seeds can be collected and used as a seed.
A hybrid is a plant obtained by crossing different varieties. Requires a lot of attention. It is resistant to infections and fungi, capable of producing high yields. As a rule, it differs in insignificant growth, palatability fruits and their presentation. In order to sow a hybrid annually, you need to buy seed in a specialized store.
Pepper is an amazing vegetable that is very popular. It has excellent taste qualities, has a rich, refined aroma. A variety of dishes are prepared from the fruits of the culture, they are used fresh. Pepper is a plant that should be in every summer cottage.

Sweet pepper is one of the most beloved crops grown by vegetable growers. True, this vegetable is very demanding, without receiving something, it can seriously punish its owners with a decrease or complete absence of a crop. requires a lot of attention, knowledge and experience. Especially do not be upset for those who only the first year took up this business. Gradually, if there is a desire, everything will be able to learn.

Growing seedlings of pepper

In most areas, even in the most southern, the cultivation of sweet pepper begins in (end of February, beginning of March). This can be done both in greenhouses and at room conditions. It is best to grow seedlings on the windowsill in special earthen cups, which are then easily transferred to open ground. And all because, like any other species, it takes root very poorly. For normal growth, seedlings need moisture, warmth and light.

When seedlings reach 60-65 days of growth, they can be transplanted either outdoors or into a greenhouse. The last option, of course, is the most suitable, but if this is not possible, then you can try to harvest from the pepper that will grow on the street.

in open ground

If you decide to use this method to save money on film, then you will not succeed. In any case, growing peppers outdoors requires a temporary small greenhouse to keep the plants warm until about the end of June. In May and even June, the weather is not entirely stable, which can lead to poor growth of sweet peppers and a lack of harvest.

So, the first step is to prepare the ground. Since autumn it is necessary to dig it up, make rotted manure. Before planting, you need to dig again, to make it in open ground is best done in the place where legumes, cucumbers, green crops and root crops grew before. Sweet pepper loves fertile soil, but if there is none on the site, then peat and rotted sawdust must be added to the ground at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 sq.m. The beds should have a height of about 30 cm, while the width is about 1 meter, but the length is at your own discretion. It is also necessary to think in advance how the greenhouse will be built. The easiest way is to stretch the film over plastic or metal arcs inserted into the ground.

When everything is ready, you can start planting seedlings. This is best done in the evening when the solar Activity. To do this, at a distance of 40-45 cm from each other, it is necessary to dig holes, taking into account the row spacing - 55-60 cm. Pour water into each hole and wait until it is absorbed. Seedlings or an earthen cup with a plant are lowered into a hole and carefully covered with earth. When the planting of seedlings is completed, you can stretch the film. If it is very warm during the day, then the film can be removed, not forgetting to pull it on at night.

It should be noted that the cultivation of pepper in the open ground in the first two weeks is unfavorable: the plants begin to hurt, grow slowly. This indicates that it is starting to take root. To help her, the earth can be slightly loosened, and watering can also be reduced. When the peppers are well strengthened and begin to grow, watering should be increased to about 10-12 liters per 1 sq.m. Water for this is used only warm, the temperature of which is about 25 0C. Cold and cool water significantly inhibits growth and fruit set.

During flowering, it is necessary to fertilize sweet peppers with diluted dry Fertility fertilizer (per 100 l 1 kg) at the rate of 1 liter per 1 bush. Another top dressing is carried out during the fruiting period (for 100 liters of water, one bucket of bird droppings and 2 cups of nitrophoska).

In order for the pepper bushes to bear fruit well, it is necessary to remove the tops of the main stem, as well as to carry out the seeding, leaving only 4-5 upper stepsons.

How to grow pepper in the open field and create care? Sweet pepper is a southern crop and requires heat and humidity. In the middle lane, pepper in open soil is grown through seedlings and with the help of greenhouses. To grow the desired crop crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in the open ground of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing pepper in the open field requires competent land preparation.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow best in mild climates and areas with more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or build a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more efficient to grow peppers.

Pepper planting is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table root crops grew. In places with a previous crop of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, it is not recommended to plant pepper for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for pepper should be characterized by fertility, holding moisture. The soil begins to be prepared in the fall. When harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching it with such substances (per 1 square meter):

superphosphate in the amount of 30-50 g;
wood ash - 50-80 g;
humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where they were fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers should not be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh top dressing. The search for nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deep. In the spring, the earth is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.

Pumpkin is a great precursor to pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wither. Withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the fall of the first buds. So the early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, a morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare planting holes and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (minimum one liter) into each well, which must be heated in the sun. Seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots are formed that can nourish the plant.

Pepper seedlings are planted in holes, while ensuring sufficient watering.

How to water sweet peppers?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water under the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water every day. After seven days, the seedlings are checked and, where the pepper has died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the need for a vegetable in water? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Do not allow long-term wilting of the plant. If there is wilting of the leaves in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, water in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet pepper grows comfortably in loosened soil. It is impossible to bring to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What are the benefits of loosening the soil?

Improves air flow to the root.
The plant grows faster.
The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

Weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at the level of 5-10 cm.

If the earth is heavy, it is allowed to loosen the soil for the first time deeper, destroying the soil crust. So the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle top dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. The last time seedlings are fed 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three top dressings are done per season. The first time during the first fluffing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, bird droppings, mixed with phosphorus-potassium supplements or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per bucket of liquid).

into solution organic fertilizer(manure, litter) effectively add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g.

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
superphosphate - 40-60 g;
potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During the formation of fruits, the need for nutrition of pepper increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they are fed at the beginning, fruiting begins with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Peppers do not tolerate chlorine. But there is good replacement potassium chloride is wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers.

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for a crop at the time of frost forces ingenuity.

Tents are built from improvised materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts for a long time, it is advisable to use a film.

Often there is a fall of flowers and ovaries. All because of unfavorable temperature conditions for the vegetable (low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if the heat is 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The result of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

You can not shade the pepper. In low light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovaries also fall.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunlight.

Features of caring for bell pepper

There are some subtleties of pepper care, in order to better yield:

It is imperative to pinch pepper - removal of lateral and lower stepchildren. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. The leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, to increase the yield, cut off the central flower that has grown from the first branch.
During the growing season, long shoots are cut a few so that there is no shading of other branches.
Remove the shoots of the plant below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is done every 10 days.
Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are lured by spraying the plant, during the flowering period, with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
Applying mulching of pepper with rotted straw (up to 10 cm layer) - the frequency of irrigation will decrease.
When leaving, it is important to tie up the culture immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Peppers Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphids, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). You can fight aphids with a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.

Having adopted all the tips, you can grow an excellent crop of sweet peppers.

bell pepper

refers to the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for it cannot be called scrupulous, however, some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being prepared for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you will be able to achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often, it is the choice of the optimal land for planting bell pepper that becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a garden is also suitable for this purpose: the land is regularly fertilized, while being quite loose. However, there is one significant downside. As a rule, the garden is an open area, the winds are constantly blowing there, and the plants cannot be protected from it. Such conditions are considered not optimal in the case of bell pepper. So try to plant this vegetable crop in a place protected from strong drafts. In addition, it is very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in open ground, some soil preparation procedures should be carried out. What exactly needs to be done by the farmer:

It is recommended to pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant a pepper in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts away from each other. The thing is that this agriculture can pollinate in the process of maturation. There is a risk that as a result you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide a home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes, or sunflowers). Thus, you can effortlessly grow several varieties of bell pepper in the garden at once.

Video "Growing and caring for pepper"

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for pepper.

Seedling feeding

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should also depend on its features. Let's say you decide to plant a pepper in a greenhouse and collect ordinary garden soil there. In this case, be prepared for the fact that it will be necessary to feed the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization in the future.

How do experienced gardeners get out of the situation?

Many prefer exclusively natural top dressing. Shallow trenches are dug between rows with seedlings, into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves have blossomed on the sprouts. When the seedlings of bell pepper grow noticeably, it must be swooped down, and then the next stage of soil fertilization should be carried out. You can use both special complex mixtures, and dry ash or compost tea.

Feeding after planting

You can endlessly determine the optimal place for planting bell pepper. But that's your growing effort bountiful harvest pepper should not end. Particular attention should be paid to the regular feeding of the soil with mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not one-time, but during the development of the plant, the ripening of the fruit. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell pepper, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are most distinguished for this crop. But that's not all.

To date, many summer residents use potash and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding, as well as folk remedies(cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed the pepper with natural mixtures.

For example, cow dung is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for bird droppings, here the proportions will be 1:12. These types of dressings are considered the most versatile for bell peppers.

If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a disease prevention and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did it, but noticed certain deterioration in appearance bell pepper seedlings, you must act immediately. First, identify the problem and then quickly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the seedling leaves, the cause in most cases is considered to be a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that bell pepper bushes acquire a purple hue: this means that phosphate fertilizers must be added to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems, it is worth supporting seedlings at all stages of its development. To do this, there are universal natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to grind the stems of this plant, and then fill them with some kind of barrel or container (about 2/3). Greens are filled with water. It is desirable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, and it will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, before diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous harvest of bell pepper using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, wood lice, plantain and other herbal plants to it.

Stimulation of fruiting is not a bad thing, however, it is undesirable to overdo it. With excessively large volumes of fertilizers and too frequent top dressing, the branched part of the bell pepper may become woody. In addition, sometimes you can get reverse result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Irrigation Features

Outdoor bell pepper varieties do not require too much care. However, when it comes to moisturizing, oversights in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water pepper seedlings regularly, it is impossible for the soil to dry out. But it is also not worth breeding excessive dampness.

What rules should be followed regarding watering peppers:

after planting seedlings in open ground, it is undesirable to water it immediately. It is necessary to give her a few days to adapt and only after that carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to observe the established intervals, until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
as soon as the sprouts turn green, it is recommended to water them daily;
be sure to use warm and settled water for irrigation in advance - non-compliance with such recommendations is fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
it is important that water does not fall directly on the pepper leaves;
drainage must be present at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

Video "Growing pepper in a greenhouse"

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.

bell pepper also called sweet he is rich beneficial substances and vitamins, various colors, juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet pepper has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To obtain good harvest peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.

Consider growing bell pepper from seeds, from seedlings, features of care when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Content:

- Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

- Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!
Pepper pruning
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell pepper
- Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Pepper is a plant with short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

It is not advisable to plant pepper seeds in open ground even in the southern regions, because it is necessary to wait until the soil warms up, the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, mostly sweet peppers are grown in seedlings.

Growing seedlings of bell pepper

When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February so that the plants have 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate diving, so try to immediately sow the seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate is suitable, consisting of humus mixed with 1 part of earth and 1 part of sand. Add to 1 kg of substrate 1 tbsp. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat pepper seeds - soak the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in a damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Seeds sown in cups, pour over and cover with plastic wrap or glass. Before emergence, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the emergence of shoots, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for seedlings of peppers, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we do not recommend excessive watering.

Watering warm water+30 degrees, from cold water frail seedlings will grow, plants can get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry, protect the plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First dressing carried out in the phase of the appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potash fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water.

Second top dressing be carried out 14 days after the first with mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportions than the first.

Third top dressing carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potash fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened, taking them out into fresh air for several hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place for planting bell pepper

Pick up a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various green manure grew before. Pepper grows poorly and bears fruit if planted on a site where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers grew before.

Peppers grow best in light soils. Prepare the site for planting in advance, apply 50 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers per m2 in the fall, dig deep. In the spring, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of plot to the topsoil.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with this solution: dilute 1 tbsp of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth with which the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to drop the root neck.

Peppers do not like cold soil, arrange high beds for peppers raised by 25 cm to get a good crop of peppers.

Attention: pepper is subject to cross-pollination, therefore different varieties plant peppers as far apart as possible or separate with tall plantations of tomatoes, corn, sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Outdoor Pepper Care

It is necessary to timely water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings.

Top dressing of peppers in open ground

During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 dressings with chicken manure diluted with water 1 x 10. Alternate such dressings with foliar ones, using spraying with nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Potassium deficiency will lead to twisting of the leaves, the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller, acquire a dull grayish tint. If excess nitrogen occurs, flowers and ovaries are shed.

Phosphorus deficiency- the leaves on the underside become rich purple, pressed against the stem of the plants and rise up.

At lack of magnesium leaves become marbled.

Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper Care

Spend pinching in hot and humid weather, removing side shoots, especially the lower ones. And vice versa, when the weather is hot and dry, the peppers are not stepchildren, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporating the moisture of the soil.

Pepper pruning

During the growing season, pruning of the longest shoots is carried out, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem, as well as all branches going inside the plant, are removed. Pruning every 10 days and after fruit picking.

To attract pollinating insects, spray pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to 1 time in 10 days.

Timely carry out the garter of plants, it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Pests such as slugs, cutworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets, and the Colorado potato beetle can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate the pepper with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet pepper- Late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, top rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against the bear, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (500 g of onion peel to insist in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

In case of aphids infestation, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 l of whey in 10 l of water. After processing, crush with ash.

Harvesting bell pepper

When the peppers are the right size and color for ripeness, start harvesting by cutting off the stemmed vegetables. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Big harvests of sweet pepper to you!

To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create for him the necessary conditions. High humidity and elevated temperature are those indicators that positively affect this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in garden beds. In order for the pepper to produce a crop, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in holes, and also what should be the distance when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in open ground.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in the open field begins with proper preparation seeds. The technology of preparing the bushes for planting consists in calculating the timing, because the sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques to successfully preserve and improve planting material. With their help, you can increase the guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, then the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processing, the result will be visible on the third day.

The first step is to determine which of the seeds are healthy. To do this, they must be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water at room temperature. Healthy seeds in five minutes will remain at the bottom of the vessel, and empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

Seed material is disinfected using various solutions. It can be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use the grandmother's recipe and treat the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to give a result.

Increases the immunity of the plant and accelerates its growth, drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin. They are applied according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the ascent of sprouts.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, use special fertilizers that strengthen the seeds. To do this, it is enough to soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing seedlings of pepper

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to complete all the necessary procedures before proceeding with seed sowing. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. Then they are hardened and soaked. After that, they are ready to land.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide in a warm place for two days. After that, you can plant them in pre-prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic wrap until the seedlings rise.

Important! For planting bell pepper, light soil is needed, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly apply fertilizers of organic and mineral origin to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves on the seedlings bloom.

Growing seedlings of pepper

You can prepare the soil at home with the help of the following components:

sod land;
peat;
humus;
sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then, ash and sand are added to the resulting soil, adhering to the following dosages: for one bucket, three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 liters of river sand. The resulting consistency is watered with potassium permanganate.

There are two ways to grow bell peppers:

With the help of a pick

It is important to carry out a pick in time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, they do not touch it, but use other parts of the plant.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. It is only necessary to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system is not affected and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know a few subtleties and nuances. First of all, it is necessary to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will rise longer than the allotted time. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to provide 12 hours of light. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, as dirty windows take away part of the light.

Do not forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper, it should be 70%. To do this, a humidifier is installed in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safer.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter ones after one month has passed after planting.

Bulgarian pepper, cultivation and care in the open field

The technology of growing peppers outdoors is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant in time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove stepchildren. Do not forget about the protection against various pests and diseases.

It is necessary to water the sweet pepper as soon as it is planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the earth so that there is no hardened soil. Plant feeding is carried out three times a season. For this, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about heat protection. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

Bulgarian pepper growing in a barrel

You can also grow a culture in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom from it. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: faded (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary earth, compost).

In early May, one bush of pepper is planted and covered with a film. After three hours, cut off all the lower leaves and cover the plant 10 cm with soil mixture. After the plant grows up, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with a film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

Irrigation. It is necessary to water the seedlings with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
Prevention. Spray plants periodically with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C during the day and 15°C at night.
Top dressing. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on the site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. So experienced gardener prepare everything in advance necessary tools to take care of him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

seedling preparation;
planting a plant in the ground;
watering;
feeding

Bush preparation

Before planting seedlings in open ground, it must be hardened. To do this, the plant periodically needs to be taken out in the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before disembarkation.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To get a good harvest of pepper, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be under direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. Since autumn, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting, after digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potash and phosphorus substances.

When disembarking, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like direct sunlight and too hot air. Therefore, care must be taken that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme is developed for planting bell pepper in open ground. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-nested method of planting pepper. Its essence is that each hole has the same sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Pepper is transplanted into the ground in late spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there are no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the fact that the seedlings are first watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, are removed from the container along with a lump of soil. It is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. Under the ground, the stem of the plant is placed up to its first lower leaves. After the planting of sweet pepper in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby, to which it will be tied in the future.

Irrigation Features

Bulgarian pepper does not require regular watering and moistening of open ground. Initially, it must be watered at the time of disembarkation, then after 5 days and then watered once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one bush of pepper.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20 ° C. Do not forget to loosen the ground around the bush after each watering so that a crust does not form. To keep moisture longer, bell peppers are advised to mulch. Pepper mulching in the open field is carried out using overripe straw or grass.

Pepper dressing

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times during the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding are preparations with a nitrogen content. It is done after 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next top dressing is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. Potassium is required for the formation of fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests, and their control

On pepper, you can often observe such pests:

slugs
Colorado beetle;
whitefly;
bear.

These pests are harvested by hand, and for aphids, a solution of wood ash is used.

The most popular diseases are:

Yellowing of leaves. This means that the pepper lacks nitrogen. For treatment, it is necessary to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
Falling ties. A solution of boric acid will solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
The fruits develop poorly. It is treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
Blackleg. Occurs from an excess of moisture.

Growing greenhouse pepper

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the culture closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, adhering to the correct distance.

Before planting seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. For this, a solution based on chicken manure or manure is perfect (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered, taking into account 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that later you can tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bulgarian pepper is harvested as the fruit ripens. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to relieve weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes in fried, stewed or baked form. Fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to get fresh peppers until December, you can transplant a flowering bush together with the ground into any container and leave it on the windowsill in the house.

Pepper grows well in the open ground of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing pepper in the open field requires competent land preparation.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow best in mild climates and areas with more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or build a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more efficient to grow peppers.

superphosphate in the amount of 30-50 g;
wood ash - 50-80 g;
humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

Pumpkin is a great precursor to pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, a morning disembarkation is recommended.

Pepper seedlings are planted in holes, while ensuring sufficient watering.

How to water sweet peppers?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, water in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet pepper grows comfortably in loosened soil. It is impossible to bring to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What are the benefits of loosening the soil?

Improves air flow to the root.
The plant grows faster.
The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

Weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at the level of 5-10 cm.

If the earth is heavy, it is allowed to loosen the soil for the first time deeper, destroying the soil crust. So the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, litter).

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
superphosphate - 40-60 g;
potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Peppers do not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers.

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for a crop at the time of frost forces ingenuity.

The result of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

You can not shade the pepper. In low light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovaries also fall.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunlight.

Features of caring for bell pepper

There are some subtleties of pepper care, in order to better yield:

It is imperative to pinch the pepper - remove the lateral and lower stepchildren. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. The leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, to increase the yield, cut off the central flower that has grown from the first branch.
During the growing season, long shoots are cut a few so that there is no shading of other branches.
Remove the shoots of the plant below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is done every 10 days.
Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are lured by spraying the plant, during the flowering period, with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
Applying mulching of pepper with rotted straw (up to 10 cm layer) - the frequency of irrigation will decrease.
When leaving, it is important to tie up the culture immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Peppers Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphids, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

Having adopted all the tips, you can grow an excellent crop of sweet peppers.

Growing pepper requires care and attention. But if you prepare strong and healthy seedlings, properly care for them, then the result will be an ideal harvest of large and juicy vegetables.

Seed preparation

Bulgarian pepper: cultivation and care in the open field

Proper care for pepper in the open field involves careful preparation. You will need tools and tools for watering, weeding, fertilizing and warming from frost.

Terms of planting pepper in open ground

For planting, it is necessary to wait for warm weather so that the soil warms up.

In the south of Russia and in the middle lane - in late May or early June.
For the northern regions, this time comes by mid-June, when the threat of return frosts has passed.

Hardening seedlings before planting

In order for the cultivation of pepper in the open field to be successful, the seedlings must be hardened 14 days before planting.

Within a few days, open the window for 1-2 hours, if the weather is warm.
Having built a sun shield from plywood sheets, hardening is carried out on a balcony or veranda for a week.
If the night air temperature is not lower than 14 degrees. Celsius, then it is no longer brought into the room.

Site selection and soil preparation for growing peppers

Select the area where you plan to grow peppers. It should be protected from strong drafts and well lit. The bed must be pre-treated:

In autumn, the soil is carefully dug up and loosened, after which complex potash and phosphorus fertilizers are applied (50 g per 1 sq.m.)
In the spring, 40 g of ammonium nitrate for each square meter.
Five days before planting seedlings, the soil is disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp per bucket of water).

If you use different varieties, it is better to grow peppers in open ground at a remote distance from each other, as the culture tends to pollinate. You can distinguish varieties by planting tall plants - corn, tomatoes or sunflowers.

The procedure for planting pepper seedlings in open ground

Pepper does not tolerate cold soil, so it is better to raise the height of the beds by 20-50 cm.

Pepper seedlings are watered to take them out of the containers with the root, they are planted in the morning or in the evening when the sun is not too active.
Planted vertically according to the scheme 40x40 cm.
Peppers are sprinkled with earth, the area around it is slightly compacted and watered well with warm water.
The leaves of young plants break easily, so put a peg on each and tie it up.
To ensure oxygen access, loosen the earth around the plant.
Cover the ridge with a film, pulling it over pre-installed arcuate rods. After rooting, remove the film.

Build protection from the cold for peppers with available improvised materials by building a tent from roofing material, boards or cardboard. From above it can be covered with burlap or agrofibre.

Pinching peppers outdoors

For the proper formation of the bush and the good development of the fruit, pinching is carried out every 10 days. When the plant reaches a height of 25 cm, cut off its top. As a result, the stem will give a lot of shoots, they must be partially removed, leaving 5-6 top ones. They will serve to form the crop. Pasynkovanie carried out in hot, but not dry weather.

To attract insects to your area that will pollinate the pepper during flowering, spray it with a special sugar syrup. It is prepared as follows: in a liter of hot water dissolve half a glass of sugar and 2 grams. boric acid.

Watering peppers outdoors

Growing bell peppers in open ground does not require abundant watering. The first time it is watered during planting, the second - after 5 days, then - once a week. For watering one plant, 1-1.5 liters is enough. But as you grow older, the rate can be doubled.

When the pepper begins to bloom, water it only with warm water (20-22 degrees Celsius). Watering is stopped 2 weeks before the vegetables are completely harvested. After each watering or rain, the soil must be loosened.

To reduce the number of waterings and better retain moisture at the roots of plants, mulch the peppers with a 10-centimeter layer of overripe straw.

Top dressing of pepper in the open field

Pepper care after planting in the ground necessarily includes three top dressings per season.

The first is carried out after two weeks. Nitrogen fertilizers are necessary for good growth. To do this, dilute a tablespoon of superphosphate and urea in a bucket of water. You can mix urea (1 teaspoon) in the same volume of water. Pour 1 liter of this composition under each plant.
The next top dressing is done during flowering. Since potassium is needed to set fruits, use wood ash. Feed again with urea, as in the first feeding.
The last time pepper is fed with the appearance of the first fruits. To do this, dilute potassium salt and superphosphate (2 teaspoons each) in 10 liters of water.

Watch the pepper grow, it may need additional feeding. It can be foliar, since the plant can receive the necessary substances not only through the roots, but also through the leaves.

Pepper growing problems and solutions

If the leaves turn yellow, then they lack nitrogen. To provide this substance, spray with a solution of urea in water in the ratio: 1 tablespoon per bucket of water.
If the pepper loses its ovaries, then prepare a solution of boric acid: a teaspoon in a bucket of water.
In case of poor fruit formation, feed with superphosphate or ash: a teaspoon per 5 liters of water.

Foliar top dressing is carried out exclusively in the morning or evening, otherwise the leaves may burn out in the scorching sun. In this case, the weather should be calm. Fertilization with yeast has a good effect on the development of peppers.

Pepper yeast recipe

For cooking, you need 100 grams of fresh yeast. They are soaked in 0.5 liters of water for a day. Before use, add 5 liters of water to the solution.

Fertilizer recipe for dry yeast peppers

Dissolve one package of dry yeast in a bucket of water, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, leave for 2 hours to activate the fermentation process. Dilute the infusion with water at the rate of 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water.

Apply this dressing only to sufficiently warmed soil. It can be applied no more than twice per season. After fertilizing with yeast, be sure to add wood ash.

Pepper protection from diseases and pests in the open field

To protect peppers from major pepper pests, dust them with wood ash three times during the season. This should be done early in the morning when there is still dew on the plant.
To prevent damage by a bear, 1 hour before planting the pepper, fill the wells with onion water (0.5 kg of onion peel insist on 10 liters of water for three days).
If during the growing season you find an aphid infestation, treat with a solution of 1.5 liters of whey in a bucket of water. After spraying, crush with ash.

Harvest dates for outdoor peppers

The fruits are harvested when they have acquired the size and color corresponding to ripening. Since these vegetables are fragile, it is better to cut them with a stalk.
The first harvest appears by mid-August, then it is harvested every week until frost.

To prepare seeds for next year, select a few large fruits. Do not remove them until the end of the summer, allowing them to fully mature. Cut and wrap in paper until dry. Cut and collect the seeds. Their varietal characteristics can persist for three years if cross-pollination does not occur.

Sweet pepper: cultivation and care in a greenhouse

Since pepper is a very heat-loving crop, its cultivation in open ground most often begins with seedlings. When sowing pepper seeds into the ground, they are carefully processed and well hardened. That is why many gardeners prefer growing bell peppers in a greenhouse, where ideal growing conditions can be created for the plant.

For planting seedlings or sowing seeds, glass, film greenhouses or greenhouses are used. It is also now widely practiced to grow peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

The technology of planting bell pepper in a greenhouse

Peppers are planted in a greenhouse in early April. It can be sown from seeds, but for better yields, use 2-month-old seedlings 20-25 cm high, which already have 6 to 10 leaves.

Ridges are prepared in the greenhouse at a distance of half a meter from one another.
Holes are made in them, corresponding to the size of the container in which the seedlings grew.
A solution of manure or chicken manure is poured into the pits. To prepare it, half a liter of manure or a glass of litter is dissolved in a bucket of warm water (about +50 C).
Pour 1 liter into each well.
Pepper seedlings are watered to take it out of the container with the root.
After that, pepper is planted in prepared holes and tied to pegs.

Peppers in a greenhouse cultivation and care

The main care for peppers in the greenhouse is to observe the optimal temperature regime, water, regularly feed, weed and loosen.

The greenhouse must be ventilated, and in the heat - shaded.
Peppers are watered every 2-3 days, 1-2 liters of water are poured under the root of each plant.
Growing peppers in a greenhouse involves maintaining optimum temperature. During the day it should be at the level of 20-27°С, at night - 15°С. After the onset of fruiting, it can be reduced by a couple of degrees.
Bushes spud when the soil is still wet. After the soil dries out, it is necessary to loosen the aisles.

Caring for peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse does not differ from the rules for caring for a conventional greenhouse.

How to properly feed peppers in a greenhouse

Growing peppers in a greenhouse is not possible without sufficient nutrients. For top dressing, urea is used in a similar proportion. But it is better to use a solution of bird droppings in water in a ratio of 1 to 15. They are watered with 1 liter of each sprout. Before top dressing, pepper care includes sprinkling with wood ash.

The first feeding is carried out two weeks after planting in the greenhouse.
The second - at the ovary of fruit.
The third is before harvest.

The composition of fertilizers can be the same for each of the procedures, if the plant does not show signs of a lack of any trace elements.

Outcome

Bulgarian pepper, the cultivation and care of which we examined, will delight you excellent harvest in compliance with agricultural regulations. Follow the recommendations, carry out timely watering and fertilization and you will not have any problems with this crop.