Septic tank for a summer residence with off-season accommodation - which one is better to choose. Which septic tank to choose: rating of the best wastewater treatment plants Septic tank for a country house of permanent residence

Septic tanks are of two types. A "regular" septic tank is a simple storage device, which works primarily as a sump. Plus - absolute simplicity, but the degree of purification is low. Therefore, the discharged effluents must either be filtered additionally, or regularly call the sewers with their tank, and each call is money.

Therefore, more complex septic tanks are much more profitable in the long run ( autonomous sewage systems), giving the output of activated sludge and water with a sufficiently high degree of purification - almost one hundred percent. In such septic tanks, aerobic bacteria usually do their job, which is helped by an aerator that forcibly blows air through the tank. Something like in an aquarium, only the "fish" there are microscopic and eat completely tasteless. The same aeration units, only much more powerful, are also used at Vodokanals as the main stage in the operation of sewage treatment plants. At the same time, anaerobic bacteria “work” in septic tanks, which do not even need to be populated - they get there straight from you. Therefore, a large primary clarifier is not only useful for mechanical cleaning.

But you can do without aeration, at the same time getting rid of the compressor: it’s cheaper and more reliable, at first glance. Can be used biofilter- this is either a mesh or a cassette with porous granules. Here, at the same time, sludge is sifted out and bacteria “live”. One pass of the drain through the filter is not particularly effective, so recirculation is used with a special pump. Even if you accidentally pour something vigorously chemical into the sewer and arrange a total Holocaust for microscopic coprofiles, at least mechanical cleaning will be preserved. A septic tank on a biofilter can be made quite compact. The disadvantage is obvious - the filter inevitably becomes dirty and requires maintenance, while it is enough to pump out sludge from the aerator from time to time. Without additional air saturation in the biofilter, only anaerobic bacteria can “work” normally.

The most efficient, of course, septic tanks, where cleaning goes through biofilters, and aeration of accumulated effluents occurs. But such a septic tank will simultaneously combine the disadvantages of both systems.

As for performance, the first thing to consider is waste volume- It is generally accepted that one person per day drains up to 200 liters of water into the sewer. That is, in theory, a family of 4 people needs a septic tank that “digests” up to 0.8 cubic meters per day. But in practice, of course, smaller models, up to 600 liters, also work great. Do not forget to take into account such a parameter as maximum salvo discharge volume- this is the volume of liquid that can be "assimilated" by the septic tank without disrupting performance in one "sip".

User Choice 4 The best aerator 5

One of the most important questions when buying a plot, cottage or country house- availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of the cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Level ground water. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations of civil engineers;
• feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
• value for money septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages

Septic tanks for installation in a summer cottage are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the more expensive models of the company: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece cast body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the interior of the building.

This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. Cleaning level Wastewater this septic tank has 75 - 80%, so it is recommended to use a special infiltrator with it, in which additional cleaning takes place. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.

3 Termite Profi 1.2

The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. This is a great option for a small country house or a free standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal operation under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents it is recommended that it is mandatory to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha, which is visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a change house for the period of building a house the best option there will be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation of the manufacturer's design recommendations.

Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with limited budget Microbe 450 fits perfectly.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are their strengths and weak sides- learn from the detailed comparison table:

Type of septic tank	pros	Minuses
Autonomous	Low, compared to a volatile septic tank, cost Generally higher reliability Does not depend on power supply Does not create additional energy costs	– The need for underground filtration of wastewater – In some cases, it does not isolate the surrounding space from a fetid odor – Gradual accumulation of sludge requires periodic pumping – The need to equip access roads for a sewage truck
volatile	No sediment buildup The ability to take the septic tank to a third-party place, there is no need to equip an access road Complete isolation from unpleasant odors Installation of filtration fields is not required (for soil treatment of runoff)	– Compared to stand-alone models, higher price – Dependence on electricity and, as a result, significant additional costs – The presence of a larger number of constituent elements reduces the theoretical reliability

1 Rostok Mini

Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). Highly a good option for the equipment of a dacha or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.

Advantages:

• seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
• the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low, but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Disadvantages:

• for its price category - no.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides sufficient drainage volume for permanent residence 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-fed installation or a forced discharge option for areas with a high groundwater level.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the body, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a dacha or a country house with permanent residence of 2-3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous models septic tank in the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The input of the drain pipe can be organized at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to the ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)

Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Dimensional volatile septic tank, ideal for large equipment country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of performance, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of operation.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Disadvantages:

• high price;
• increased power consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, it well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• high efficiency filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Disadvantages:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require an electrical connection are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional cash costs and reduce the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
The country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment quite successfully came to Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water to the local cleaning system. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• quality body materials.

Disadvantages:

• rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.

2 Termite Profi 3.0

Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This one is relatively inexpensive option cleaning system for a summer residence or a country house, where there are significant problems with the power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of a septic tank for arranging an autonomous sewage system of a country house, it is necessary to approach the issue in a comprehensive manner. It is not enough to focus only on the cost of the product and the beliefs of the sales assistant.

For example, for a house of permanent residence and a summer residence, completely different septic tanks are needed. It is necessary to take into account other nuances - the number of people permanently living in the house, the type and composition of the soil, the level of groundwater.

For all these points, you can find a lot of scattered information on the Internet. But, unfortunately, most sources provide the user with unsubstantiated data, which is not clear how to navigate. Moreover, information is often twisted and presented in the wrong place (or vice versa - to models from a particular manufacturer), which further confuses the user.

The purpose of this material is to give the reader the most complete understanding of the principles by which a septic tank is selected for a private house with permanent and temporary residence, taking into account a number of important factors.

Differences between a septic tank for a house with permanent and temporary residence

At the very beginning, you should learn how the sewerage of a country house in which they live permanently differs fundamentally from country option. This will greatly simplify the understanding of the information provided below.

Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) for a permanent residence:

• Accepts and processes household drains constantly.
• Should have a volume with a certain margin.
• It has a capacity sufficient to process constantly discharged wastewater.
• Without any problems, it can be connected to a stable power supply.
• Serviced, for obvious reasons, more often.
• Directly affects the comfort of residents (should not be a source of unpleasant odors Location on).
• Works all year round, including winter period with negative temperatures.

Autonomous sewerage (septic tank) of a country or temporary country house:

• Accepts and recycles household waste infrequently.
• Has a small volume.
• Doesn't have high performance.
• In the absence of residents, it can be left without power.
• Rarely serviced.
• Doesn't really affect comfort.
• It works mainly in the summer, while it is preserved for the winter.

Focusing already on these points, you can roughly imagine what kind of septic tank is needed for a permanent residence and a temporary dacha.

Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house

Regardless different conditions and situations, as well as manufacturers, brands, models and modifications, all septic tanks have a number of fundamental differences, which should be criteria for the user when choosing. Knowing these features, and being in certain conditions, one can already hope that the choice in favor of any product will turn out to be correct according to the result.

General criteria for choosing a septic tank:

1. Body material.
2. The volume of the receiving chamber.
3. Performance.
4. Energy dependence.
5. Layout.

Each of these selection criteria is discussed in detail below.

Choosing the type of septic tank

All furnishing products autonomous sewers at country houses are divided into three broad categories. Among themselves, they differ in device, principle of operation, size, frequency of service and, of course, price.

Types of septic tanks:

• Storage tank.
• Septic tank with soil treatment.
• Biological treatment station.

storage tank is a modern alternative to the previously used cesspools. It is a hermetically sealed container large sizes. It does not have any built-in equipment and division into compartments. Discharged wastewater is not recycled, but simply accumulated.

Beneficial only for its relatively low cost. The rest are just shortcomings. However, this option is great for rarely visited country houses.. Again, it is completely non-volatile (unless a fill sensor is used). In the case of a permanent residence, the storage tank will take up a lot of space, require frequent pumping, and may smell unpleasant.

Septic tank with soil aftertreatment- this is a container divided into several (at least two) compartments, and supplemented with a soil filtration system. The principle of operation is the following. Drains from the house are discharged from the storage compartment, where they are separated into solid fractions (precipitate) and liquid. As it fills, the wastewater flows through the bypass manifold into the next compartment, where it is partially clarified due to the vital activity of anaerobic bacteria (which do not need oxygen).

As a result of such processing, domestic wastewater is cleaned by only 45-55%. Therefore, from the septic tank, they must be discharged into a filtration field or into a drainage well. From there, the liquid gradually goes into the soil, is filtered, and enters the groundwater. Alternatively, partially clarified effluents can be pumped out with sewage equipment.

A septic tank with soil aftertreatment is quite suitable for use as a sewer at home with both permanent and temporaryaccommodation.

There is only one significant nuance. Soil post-treatment is possible only in cases where the site has an appropriate soil composition and groundwater level. If the liquid cannot go into the soil (hard clay, high GWL), then the sewer will only have to be pumped out.

Biological treatment station- complex equipment for the reception, processing and disposal of wastewater. In the classic version, it is a container of small (comparatively) dimensions, divided into four compartments, interconnected by bypass pipes in a certain sequence. It is completed with the compressor for supply of atmospheric air.

The principle of operation is the following. Effluent enters the receiving chamber, where large fractions are crushed, the contents are separated into liquid and insoluble sediment. In most models, already at this stage, the contents are forced to be saturated with atmospheric air, which contributes to the reproduction and vital activity of aerobic bacteria.

In automatic mode, wastewater from the receiving chamber is pumped to the next compartment, where it is also saturated with oxygen and clarified. The remaining two compartments - one for insoluble sludge, the other - a sump. The accumulated sludge is removed manually during station service. In the sump, the wastewater is finally clarified to 90-95%, from where it can be discharged into a drainage ditch or used for irrigation of agricultural plants.

Biological treatment plant is not suitable for temporary residences. First, its performance will not be justified. Second, she's expensive. Thirdly, its functioning requires uninterrupted electrification, which cannot be achieved without the presence of residents.

For a permanent home - this is the most modern and profitable option. It takes up little space, cleans the drains almost to the state of clean water, does not smell, does not need the services of sewage equipment.

Depending on the composition of the soil and the level of groundwater, the required performance and layout, an appropriate modification can be selected from almost any manufacturer.

Material of the septic tank

No type of material from which septic tanks are made can be called bad. Therefore, this is short. Septic tanks are:

• Fiberglass - durable, but expensive.
• Polypropylene - light, inexpensive, but fragile (require accuracy during installation).
• Polyethylene - light, inexpensive and elastic (the wall thickness must be correctly selected).
• Concrete - durable and resistant to seasonal soil movements, difficult to install, cracks and leaks at the seams may appear over time.

In the context of the topic under consideration, this parameter plays practically no important role, therefore, when choosing, you can focus only on the price.

The volume and performance of the septic tank

Autonomous sewerage based on storage tanks should have such a volume that it does not have to be pumped out unreasonably often. As for biological treatment plants, their volume and performance can be easily selected according to the number of people permanently residing in the house. The corresponding figure is often indicated directly in the model names.

If this is not enough, then you can focus on the average daily rate of water consumption by one person permanently living in the house. It is 200 liters or 0.2 m 3. To calculate the required volume or performance, this figure is multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house. It would also not be out of place to take into account a possible increase in the load on the sewer in the future - for example, if guests arrive or a bathhouse is built on the site.

At the sight of a figure of 200 liters per day, many users (often men) are perplexed, since such an expense seems too exaggerated. However, this is an average norm with a certain margin. Today you just washed your hands a couple of times and took a shower. And tomorrow the dishes are washed, and wet cleaning in the house, and washing machine works, and the guests have arrived.

Energy dependence of a septic tank

This question has already been partially addressed, so let's just summarize:

• For a home with permanent residence, you can choose a volatile septic tank.
• For a temporary home or cottage - it is recommended to give preference in favor of non-volatile options.

In some cases, the home of permanent residence is located on sites where there are regular power outages. If these interruptions occur on average no longer than 3-4 hours, then there is nothing to worry about (aerobic bacteria will not die during this time). If the interruptions are longer, then you need to take care of either the generator, or stop at non-volatile models.

Septic tank layout

In this regard, two criteria should be taken into account. Firstly, it is the height of groundwater. If in spring the water in the soil rises above two meters, then septic tanks should be considered with a horizontal arrangement, which allows not digging a deep pit for installation. You should also pay attention to the system of removal of clarified effluents. At high GWL, a pump for forced pumping may be required.

Secondly - the remoteness of the septic tank from the house. The greater this distance, the lower the central sewage pipe. Accordingly, the suction pipe must be at a suitable height.

After reviewing the information provided, it is already possible with more confidence to choose a septic tank for a country house, both with permanent residence and with temporary residence. The remaining parameters and characteristics of the cleaning equipment available on the market are secondary, and the result will not be affected as significantly as described above.

For comfort in country house or in rural areas, water and sewer connections will be required.

The best option for autonomous collection of wastewater was a septic tank.

The owner of the house faces the problem of choosing the best option of such treatment facilities from the many offered on the market.

What are they like

Compact treatment facilities serving the needs of one house are divided according to several criteria:

• way of working;
• materials used;
• Shape, location and type of installation.

Variety by way of work

For a summer residence or a private house, septic tanks are suitable: from the simplest, accumulative to fully functional, carrying out high-quality complete wastewater treatment.

Cesspool or storage tanks

In fact, such a septic tank is an improved cesspool.

It is a sealed container, the only function of which is to accumulate effluent from the house.

In the chamber, they are divided into fractions– heavy waste sinks to the bottom, light waste, such as fats and oils, accumulates on the surface.

The advantage of this type of autonomous structures is the simplicity of the device.

Main disadvantage storage septic tank - the need for its regular cleaning, for which specialized sewage equipment is involved.

Cesspool option is suitable for a house in which the volume of regular drains is small, for example, for a summer residence, with 2-3 people living and limited water consumption.

The main requirements for a cesspool septic tank- sufficient volume, tightness and high strength of the storage tank.

Their implementation will reduce the frequency of cleaning and protect the environment from the ingress of waste accumulated during operation.

Settling tank with soil post-treatment

Overflow septic tanks are a great option for a home where the daily glass size is small, but people live and use the water supply all the time.

In such structures, in addition to the accumulation of waste, their partial processing and purification takes place.

Removing accumulations for such an installation it is required much less often - as a rule, overflow septic tanks need the services of vacuum cleaners no more than once every 2-3 years.

Principle of operation

Overflow septic tanks - two-chamber. The first chamber, which receives effluent from the house, acts as a sump.

After partial separation into fractions, water with a minimum content of solids coming, including from under, flows into the second chamber - treatment.

It uses aerobic bacteria that can decompose organic matter to process pollution.

The degree of water purification as a result of their work reaches 60-70%.

Such water is used for irrigation or is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification along the way in soil filtration fields.

They are layers of rocks with high water permeability (gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand, etc.), which remove pollution according to the principle of mechanical (mesh) filters.

Advantages of such a septic tank:

• ease of maintenance;
• a significant time interval between tank cleanings, due to a decrease in the accumulation of dry residue;
• processing a significant part of the waste contained in the effluents.

Deep biological processing of waste

Such facilities are full-fledged wastewater treatment plants.

They process large volumes and are suitable for a large private house with permanent residence.

At the same time, biochemical septic tanks purify water by almost 100%.

The design uses three chambers:

• to separate the substances contained in the drains (read how to connect the automatic washing machine to the sewer) by fractions;
• biological treatment with the help of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (to ensure the activity of bacteria, additional equipment is used - aerators);
• disinfection using chemicals.

Advantages of three-chamber septic tanks:

• 100% degree of wastewater treatment;
• absence of unpleasant odors when using such installations;
• no restrictions for installation by type of soil and groundwater level;
• minimum costs for installation and time for commissioning - the stations are delivered fully equipped;
• minimal human involvement in the work, since the system is unattended.

For septic tanks with this degree of cleaning, the frequency of replacement of chambers or the selection of dry residue from them is once every 5-8 years, due to its minimal accumulation.

The main disadvantage of such treatment facilities is the high price (how to make a grease trap for sewage with your own hands is written in the article).

Important! If the mode of living in the house involves long breaks, for example, in a summer cottage, the absence of people in the house in winter season, septic tanks with biological filters are not installed.

The limitation is due to the fact that without a regular supply of nutrient medium, the cultures of bacteria that process organic waste will die.

What are the criteria for selecting wastewater treatment plants?

Choosing a septic tank for construction or installation finished product requires consideration of several important factors.

Performance

The possibility of processing the entire volume of wastewater generated in the house (productivity) is the main technical indicator treatment plant cleaning.

It depends on the number of people living in the house, and the level of use of plumbing fixtures.

Naturally, in country house, where 2-3 people live in the summer, and the main consumers of water are a washbasin and a shower, the volume of drains will be much less than in a comfortable cottage intended for permanent residence of a family, with:

• swimming pool,
• multiple bathrooms (),
• with washing machine and dishwasher.

In practice, in terms of performance, septic tanks are selected based on:

• with a daily volume of effluents less than 1 cubic meter, a single-chamber storage septic tank is sufficient;
• if the volume of the drain lies in the range from 1 to 10 cubic meters per day, a two-chamber septic tank with soil filtration is installed;
• with volumes exceeding 10 cubic meters / day, a three-chamber deep cleaning septic tank would be the best option.

Note!

When installing a storage septic tank in the country (about laying external engineering networks and communications read on the page) you should take care of its regular cleaning.

If the volume of wastewater turns out to be significant, the call for a sewage truck will have to be done often.

In terms of costs, this can be more expensive than installing a more advanced two- or three-chamber model.

Important! SNiP install the minimum required size of the septic tank chambers. It must contain the amount of waste generated in the house within 3 days.

Type of soil on the site and the depth of groundwater

This factor matters only if the choice is made in favor of a septic tank with post-treatment of water in the filtration fields.

Soils are suitable for its installation with high water permeability. On heavy clay soils, the organization of natural filtration is difficult.

In this case, it will be necessary to excavate part of the soil, replacing it with a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out these works will require time and a significant amount of investment.

Septic tank of biological and chemical treatment will be more profitable.

Comment! For the organization of a storage septic tank, the type of soil only affects the labor intensity of work on preparing the site and building the structure.

Sorting by materials of manufacture

For autonomous treatment facilities, septic tanks are built on site or purchased industrial options.

The first include brick septic tanks, monolithic or precast concrete, improvised materials.

More expensive, but, undoubtedly, absolutely, a ready-made septic tank will become a reliable option.

In the assortment of manufacturers - stations with cases made of polymers or fiberglass.

Advantages of purchased products:

• a wide choice of performance - from mini-septic tanks, sufficient for a house with 1-2 people, to semi-industrial plants that can process the effluents of a small village;
• absolute reliability and tightness;
• delivery of ready-to-work devices, thereby reducing the time to commission the plant;
• equipment for everyone necessary equipment and cleaning agents.

Attention! Septic tanks with housings made of polymers or fiberglass require protection from floating when the groundwater level rises and destruction under pressure of soil masses or displacement of soil layers.

For this purpose, purchased stations are installed in concrete pits, and they are anchored - fastening the tanks to the walls and bottom of the pit with nylon straps.

Installation options

Both purchased installations and septic tanks own production- Available in vertical and horizontal versions.

Vertical structures are designed for installation with deepening into the ground.

This is their problem - on heavy soils or when groundwater is close to the surface, installation work is labor intensive and requires the use of special equipment and special tricks to ensure reliability and environmental safety.

Horizontal septic tanks are usually an option for surface mounting.

To ensure the required performance (volume of effluents), such structures occupy a significant area, which for limited land ownership spaces (for example, on summer cottages) creates additional problems.

How to understand which septic tank is best for a house with permanent, year-round living? Watch the video and get answers to your questions about efficient household waste collection and recycling equipment.