Installation, operation and repair of refrigeration units. Repair and service of refrigeration equipment. Typical list of works for one-time maintenance
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Regular maintenance is essential for longevity refrigeration equipment in different areas production and public service.
The company "Ecolife" provides professional maintenance of refrigeration equipment in Moscow and the Moscow region. We will ensure the stable operation of your equipment and, as a result, the entire enterprise.
You will be guaranteed against a sudden stop of refrigeration equipment due to mode failure, malfunctions, wear of parts, clogging and contamination of units.
The list of maintenance works for refrigeration equipment depends on the specific type of equipment, operation features and design.
The cost of work
The cost is calculated individually depending on the form of cooperation. General prices are available upon request.
We work throughout Moscow and Moscow Region with a visit to the equipment. The guarantee of our work is the use of high-quality components and tools and the professionalism of our employees at an affordable cost. In our work we use low-aggressive detergents"Frionett" and "Convotherm", permitted in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Contract for the maintenance of refrigeration equipment
We conclude a contract with customers for the maintenance of refrigeration equipment, in a special appendix of which a list of works is prescribed with all measures to support equipment in working condition.
Each item on the list is agreed with the client, the type of contract depends on the long-term cooperation, the type and complexity of the equipment.
We offer three standard contracts:
1. One-time service agreement
2. Permanent service agreement
3. Agreement scheduled maintenance(annual service with event schedule)
One-time maintenance of refrigeration equipment
Includes diagnostics, troubleshooting and prevention for the further functioning of the equipment.
First, a preliminary visit of specialists to the site, drawing up an estimate with a list of works and agreeing on deadlines.
Payment is made for the activities carried out under the contract after the signing of the acts.
A typical list of works for one-time maintenance:
1. Inspection and visual assessment of the external condition, configuration and functionality
2. Checking and adjusting hinges and locks
3. Cleaning the frame, compressor, air condenser
4. Broaching threaded connections
5. Check for refrigerant leakage,
6. Checking the thermal insulation of the refrigeration circuit
7. Verification electrical networks, contacts and connections
8. Troubleshooting, refueling the circuit and replacing worn parts if necessary
9. Testing modes of operation
10. Data logging
At the end of the work, an employee of the company makes recommendations for the further operation of the equipment.
In the course of work, the list of services can be adjusted in case of detection of malfunctions during the inspection process.
Regular maintenance of refrigeration equipment
A permanent cooperation agreement is concluded for an agreed period, during which our specialists undertake all work to maintain the condition of the equipment at fixed rates. The exact work schedule is not set, all activities are carried out as needed or at the request of the client. Payment is made on the fact of the work performed each time after the delivery of the work.
Scheduled annual maintenance of refrigeration equipment
Planned annual maintenance includes a set of regular measures according to a set schedule. In agreement with the customer, specialists go to the place of work as planned, assess the condition of the equipment and take all necessary measures for further operation in the desired mode.
Regular maintenance will help to identify serious problems in time and take corrective action. preventive measures for their elimination. Timely inspection can prevent sudden breakdown and stop of the equipment. All work is carried out strictly according to the planned schedule, which includes the payment schedule.
Scheduled maintenance of refrigeration machines
| Periodicity | List of works on maintenance of refrigeration machines | Additional list of works for pumping station refrigeration unit |
| Monthly |
Visual inspection, |
Control of corrosion processes in the main units of mechanisms, |
| Quarterly |
Air condenser control, |
Refueling and analysis of the coolant, |
| Once every semester |
Condition monitoring and cleaning of capacitors, |
|
| Annually |
Inspection of internal cavities and bearings of fans, |
Cleaning all filters |
| Once every 2 years | . compressor oil change | |
| Once every 3 years | . refilling the coolant and cleaning the entire system |
Additional service
Each client with whom we have concluded an agreement is provided with additional services, including free consultations and recommendations on the operation of refrigeration equipment. Also, our customers receive a discount on spare parts and components for refrigeration equipment.
To get detailed information and leave a request for individual service, you can call us by phone or fill out the form on the website. Our experts will contact you in the near future and provide detailed advice on issues of interest.
In the full cycle of operation refrigeration technology includes activities for delivery to the installation site, installation and commissioning, service and maintenance refrigeration equipment, warranty repair and post-warranty service. To ensure the trouble-free and long-term service of products, all of the above work is of some importance.
But it is worth dwelling separately on service, which in certain situations becomes vital. Regular maintenance, during which preventive measures are taken, allows timely detection of malfunctions and breakdowns of machines, timely troubleshooting and maintenance high level performance refrigeration systems. These actions will prevent the complete failure of refrigeration equipment, thereby saving businesses money on expensive repairs and costs associated with damage to goods.
general information
Maintenance of refrigeration equipment is carried out at certain intervals and is of a preventive and periodic nature. The duration and scope of the work included in the list depends on the purpose and type of units, technical condition, modes of use and operating time. Checking the cooling systems of equipment is carried out on the basis of the requirements of operational documents for each individual type of instrument and equipment.
The main purpose of maintenance of refrigeration equipment is periodic inspections, repairs and prompt elimination of failures and malfunctions of the refrigeration system and electrical equipment of machines.
Considering that refrigeration equipment is a complex electrical structure that is used in rather difficult conditions, only highly qualified specialists should be trusted with the service of equipment, who will not only carry out the necessary measures with high quality, but also give competent advice operation and avoid possible damage.
Types of maintenance
Maintenance of refrigeration equipment can be one-time (or when the machines are put into operation), seasonal and scheduled. One-time, including a certain list of operations (assessment of the technical condition, cleaning and washing of condensers, identification possible faults) is carried out before or after the start-up of refrigeration machines, as well as after a certain operating time or based on the technical condition of the products.
Seasonal refrigeration maintenance is only necessary for machines that are used during a significant change in weather conditions throughout the year. Planned is carried out with a certain regularity, in accordance with the requirements established by manufacturers.
Scheduled maintenance is optimal solution, since with this approach, the identification and elimination of certain faults occurs in advance. It is carried out at least once a month, if necessary, 2-3 times a month. The cost of servicing refrigeration equipment is calculated individually depending on the capacity of the machines, their technical condition, conditions of use and the number of installed products. The conclusion of the contract for maintenance occurs after the acquisition of equipment.
List of ongoing works
The list of works carried out during the maintenance of refrigeration equipment includes:
- external inspection of equipment to identify mechanical damage hull, internal volume and verification of compliance with safety rules;
- check of completeness, availability of the protective fencing of the aggregate compartment, reliability of fastenings and grounding;
- inspection and testing of automation devices, electrical equipment, lighting fixtures, fittings and tightening of connections;
- checking the tightness of the installation, defrost system, compressor, electric motor, operability of refrigeration equipment and its components.
In addition, the level of oil in the crankcase of the compressor and refrigerant, the pressure of condensation, the solenoid and water control valves are necessarily monitored. The temperature regime in the refrigerated volume and the automatic operation mode are checked. A record is made in the accounting journal about the activities carried out.
In cases of identified malfunctions or, if necessary, during the maintenance of refrigeration equipment, additional measures are taken:
- adjustment of valves TRV and RD, VRV, SVM, thermostat, thermal protection, gap between the diffuser and the fan, tightness and movement of doors and shutters of refrigerating machines;
- replacement of thermal elements;
- elimination of oil and freon leaks, as well as malfunctions that cause an increased noise level of operating refrigeration equipment;
- refueling systems of refrigerating machines with oil and refrigerant, installation of process filters;
- tightening fan belts, mounts and drives;
- Troubleshooting of protective fences, brackets, shelves, etc.;
- additional training for employees of enterprises on the proper operation of refrigeration equipment.
Timely and competent maintenance of refrigeration equipment is the basis for its uninterrupted and long-term operation.
At the end of the course, a qualifying exam is held. After successfully passing the exam, a CERTIFICATE of the established form is issued.
Training taking into account the requirements of the professional standard
The term "refrigeration equipment" includes a huge amount of equipment. These are household refrigerators and industrial cooling systems, trade counters and huge warehouses, many special machines and much more. Most of the mechanics of refrigeration equipment are engaged in the installation, assembly, maintenance and repair of refrigeration equipment in trade enterprises, in the food industry, and in warehouses.
The training program includes: studying the basics of obtaining artificial cold; equipment and details of refrigeration systems; principle of operation refrigeration machine; fundamentals of electrical work; repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems; troubleshooting; typical malfunctions; repair and maintenance of air conditioners, chillers, central cooling systems and multizone systems.
The purpose of studying the course is to acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills for organizing and conducting repair processes for industrial and domestic air conditioners.
Timetable of classes
| Course duration | Course fee |
| 76 hours | 18000 rub |
Fundamentals of designing ventilation and air conditioning systems. Modern approach to design. Commissioning and service of ventilation and air conditioning systems
Special course on the program with the subject of refrigeration of ventilation and air conditioning systems:
Topic 1. Basic air parameters. Analysis of the processes of changing the state of air. Dry and wet bulb air temperature. Dew point temperature. Psychrometric temperature difference. Absolute and relative humidity. Moisture content. Specific heat capacity and enthalpy. Density of dry and moist air. Partial pressure of water vapor. Heating, humidifying, cooling and dehumidifying processes. Mixing processes of external and internal air. Examples of calculations.
Topic 2. Calculation and selection of equipment for cleaning and heat-moisture treatment of air. Dry air heating. Calculation of processes and equipment. Heating with air humidification. Calculation of processes and equipment. Air humidification. Calculation of processes and equipment. Dry air cooling. Calculation of processes and equipment. Air cooling with simultaneous dehumidification. Calculation of processes and equipment. Air dehumidification. Calculation of processes and equipment. Filters, device; cleaning classes; calculation and selection. Selection of equipment for premises for various purposes. Examples of calculations.
Topic 3. Design parameters of outdoor and indoor air. Estimated parameters of outdoor air. Design parameters of indoor air for premises for various purposes (taking into account the requirements of SNiP, SanPiN, technological standards, etc.).
Topic 4. Calculation of heat and moisture inflows. Determination of air flow. Calculation of heat gains in warm and cold periods years according to the standard methodology and average indicators. Calculation of moisture inflows in the warm and cold periods of the year. Determination of air consumption from the condition of repayment of heat and moisture surpluses. The rate of air exchange. Recommended air exchange extremes for rooms for various purposes. Determination of air flow taking into account the recommended air exchange rate. Examples of calculations.
Topic 5. Construction of processes for heat and moisture treatment of air in ventilation and air conditioning systems. Building on the J - d diagram of air treatment processes in ventilation systems and, local devices; construction of air treatment processes in central air conditioners. Determination of the specific load on heat, cold and moisture on equipment. Calculation of system performance: heating, cooling, humidifying and drying capacity. Examples of calculations.
Topic 6. Installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems. Calculation and selection. Installation of ventilation systems for premises for various purposes. Equipment selection. Local air conditioners. Fancoils. Device. Calculation and selection. Installation of direct-flow and recirculation central air conditioners. Calculation and selection. Heat recovery units. Device, calculation and selection. Examples of calculations.
Topic 7. Air distribution systems. Calculation and selection. Purpose, device. Methods for supplying air to rooms. Air distribution devices. Air ducts and distribution channels. Calculation and selection. Calculation of air distribution systems for premises for various purposes.
Topic 8. Refrigeration of ventilation and air conditioning systems. Refrigeration schemes for direct cooling and cooling with refrigerants. Installation of equipment for refrigeration of ventilation and air conditioning systems. Calculation and selection of refrigeration equipment.
Topic 9. Automation of ventilation and air conditioning systems. Automatic regulation of air temperature in the room. Automatic regulation of air humidity in air-conditioned rooms for various purposes. Automatic protection of air heaters from freezing; blocking of electric drives of equipment and air valves. Alarm for emergency increase in air pressure behind the filter. Options remote control. Interrelation with the automation of the refrigeration machine.
Topic 10. Energy saving measures in ventilation and air conditioning systems. Choice of rational parameters of external and internal air; operating temperature difference. Choosing an energy efficient air distribution system. Implementation of heat recovery systems and use of natural cold. Choice of refrigeration and automation options.
Topic 11. Methods for designing and calculating ventilation and air conditioning systems for premises of food enterprises. The main regulatory documents for the design of industrial systems for comfortable and comfortably-technological air conditioning for heat and moisture stressed premises. Design of technological air conditioning systems (design examples for meat processing, dairy, cheese, fish processing and other food industry enterprises).
The refrigeration equipment put into operation in public catering and trade enterprises is usually serviced, repaired and adjusted by workers of repair and assembly plants (workshops) under a contract.
At enterprises operating refrigeration equipment, for each of its types or groups, an operational laced and numbered journal is assigned, in which an act on putting the equipment into operation is filed. During the operation of the equipment, the mechanic of the enterprise or the repair and installation plant writes down in the journal information about all the work carried out to maintain the equipment, as well as about the instructions for the maintenance personnel on the rules of operation. All entries of the mechanic in the journal are checked and signed by the administration of the enterprise. The journal must be kept by the director of the enterprise or his deputy.
If there is a contract for the maintenance of refrigeration equipment between the repair and assembly plant and the enterprise, it is assigned to a specific team of mechanics. The mechanic, according to the plan, carries out maintenance work on the equipment. The frequency of these works depends on the general level of maintenance and operation of the refrigeration equipment. The mechanic also performs preventive maintenance work. The scope of these works includes inspection of the refrigeration system to identify freon leaks and eliminate them, cleaning equipment from dust and dirt, tensioning transmission belts, checking grounding (or zeroing), control temperature regime operation of refrigeration equipment, regulation of automation devices, etc.
The mechanic instructs the personnel on the device, the principle of operation of the equipment and the rules of operation. In case of emergency or shutdown of the refrigeration machine for a reason that cannot be eliminated by the service personnel, the mechanic leaves on call.
The operated refrigeration equipment must be kept in proper sanitary condition. To do this, refrigeration equipment should be washed at least once a week. warm water with soap and water, then rinse with warm clean water, wipe dry with a cloth and leave open for airing overnight. External chrome-plated and nickel-plated parts of refrigeration equipment must be wiped daily with rags moistened with vaseline technical oil.
Preservation of the quality of products during refrigerated storage largely depends on the sanitary condition of the chambers. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically conduct microbiological control of the chambers for the timely detection of the degree of contamination with molds. Mold-infested chambers should be disinfected in accordance with the "Sanitary Rules for the Refrigeration Industry".
Floors in cells and corridors, stairwells and elevators for lifting food products from cold rooms to industrial premises clean as they become dirty, but at least once a shift. Greasy and slippery floors and doors in cold rooms with positive temperatures, in corridors and stairwells washed with a hot solution of soap or lye and wiped dry.
For cleaning refrigeration equipment, special equipment is used and stored separately from equipment used for cleaning other premises and equipment.
To eliminate odors in refrigerators, they are periodically ventilated or treated with ozone.
The shelf life of products is set in accordance with approved standards.
Responsibility for compliance with technical and sanitary regulations food storage is the responsibility of the head of the enterprise. Control over compliance with the sanitary rules for the storage of food products is carried out by the bodies of the State Sanitary Supervision and departmental sanitary services.
To maintain the high quality of food products during storage in commercial refrigeration equipment (collapsible chambers, cabinets, counters and display cases), it is necessary to strictly observe the temperature regime of storage. Refrigeration equipment can be loaded with products only after the required storage temperature has been reached. Counters, cabinets and display cases are not designed to cool food, so they should only be loaded with chilled food. The use of refrigeration commercial equipment for cooling hot food or drinks is not allowed. Loading of refrigeration equipment and placement of products in it must be carried out in accordance with technical requirements. When properly loaded, the products are placed evenly over the entire area of the shelves so that they do not touch the walls of the refrigerated chamber and there is an air passage between them. In case of improper loading or overloading of equipment with products, the conditions for air circulation worsen, which leads to uneven cooling and warming of the inner layers. Do not cover the wire racks of the refrigeration equipment with paper, cloth or other materials that prevent the circulation of cooling air. It is not allowed to lay products close to the evaporator of the refrigerating machine, the minimum distance is 40 mm.
Maintaining the required temperature in the refrigerated chamber depends on the operating conditions of the evaporator of the refrigeration machine. During the operation of the refrigeration machine, a layer of snow freezes on the walls of the evaporator, the thickness of which affects both the operation of the refrigeration machine and all equipment. When a snow layer of 5-7 mm is frozen, the channels between the fins of the evaporator are clogged, the process of heat exchange between air and the refrigerant deteriorates sharply, which leads to an increase in temperature in the cooled chamber, an increase in power consumption and an increase in the working time coefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to thaw the snow coat from the evaporator in a timely manner. Thawing a snow coat should be carried out strictly according to the instructions. If the equipment is not equipped with special automatic devices to thaw a snow coat, then during thawing, all products are removed from the cooled chamber, the refrigeration machine is turned off and the doors are opened. melt water collected in pallets and removed from the equipment. It is wiped dry and then the refrigerator is turned on. Remove the snow coat from the chiller evaporator using mechanical means it is impossible, as it is possible to damage the wall of the evaporator and break the tightness of the system.
If the refrigeration equipment is not loaded with products, then it should be turned off. At the end of the working day, all products from the showcases should be transferred to chambers, cabinets or counters, and the refrigerators of the showcases should be turned off.
Maintenance personnel are not recommended to open the refrigerated chambers unnecessarily. This increases the temperature and humidity of the air in the chamber. Lighting in refrigerating chambers should be turned on only when loading or unloading products.
The correct operation of refrigeration machines and equipment can be judged by the mode of their operation.
Normal operation of refrigeration equipment. The normal mode of operation of refrigeration equipment is considered to be the optimal mode, which ensures the maintenance of the required temperature in the refrigeration chambers at minimum operating costs. The main operating costs are electricity and cooling water.
The following factors affect power consumption.
1. Compliance with the rules for the operation of refrigeration equipment. Proper loading and placement of products in chambers, cabinets, showcases and counters, reducing the time of visiting chambers, opening doors and sliding walls, timely thawing of the snow coat from the evaporator of the refrigeration machine and other measures ensure the operation of the refrigeration machine with a minimum operating time factor.
2. The difference between the condensing and boiling temperatures of the refrigerant. The smaller the difference, the lower the power consumption.
The approximate liquid refrigerant boiling and condensing temperatures are:
a) the condensation temperature t to in air-cooled condensers is t to =t air2 + (10 ÷ 12ºС), where t air2 is the temperature of the air leaving the condenser. Air heating in the condenser is 2-4°C;
b) in water-cooled condensers, closed type, condensation temperature t c =t m of water + (8÷10ºС), where t m of water is the average temperature of the cooling water. Water heating in the condenser is 4-6°C;
c) in ribbed freon evaporators, the boiling point of the refrigerant is 12-15°C lower than the temperature of the cooled chamber. In refrigerated display cases and household cabinets, the temperature difference on the evaporator can reach 19-21°C;
d) in direct-cooling ammonia evaporators, the boiling point of the refrigerant is 8-12°C lower than the air temperature in the chambers;
e) in freon and ammonia evaporators for cooling the intermediate heat carrier, the boiling point of the refrigerant is 4-6°C lower than the average temperature of the heat carrier. The coolant in the evaporator is cooled by 2-4ºС;
f) the average temperature of the coolant in the chamber batteries is 8-10°C lower than the air temperature in the chambers.
3. Incorrect relay setting low pressure automatic freon chillers when a small dead zone is set. In this case, short-cycle operation of the machine and a high frequency of cycles are observed. The normal number of cycles is 5-6 per hour.
4. Overfilling the evaporator of the refrigeration machine with liquid refrigerant and running the compressor with wet running. This can be caused by an incorrect adjustment of the thermostatic expansion valve, and as a result - a decrease in compressor capacity, an increase in evaporator pressure, an increase in the compressor operating time factor and increased energy consumption.
5. Compressor malfunctions, valve failures causing reduced performance, loosening and slipping of the belt drive, clogged dirt trap, etc.
Operating costs for cooling water in large chillers reach 50%, and in small chillers, where it is used only for cooling condensers, 25-35%. The decrease in cooling water flow to the condenser is associated with an increase in the condensing temperature. An increase in the condensation temperature by 1ºС leads to a decrease in the cooling capacity of the machine by 1-1.2% and an increase in electricity consumption. And with an increase in the supply of cooling water, the consumption of electricity decreases, but the consumption for cooling water increases. The optimum cooling water flow must be determined taking into account operating conditions and water and electricity tariffs. To save cooling water, attention should be paid to the operation of water control valves, which should shut off the water supply to the condenser, subcooler and compressor when the machine is stopped.
Visual signs of normal operation of the chiller are: even distribution of the frost layer on the surface of the evaporator, absence of frost on the compressor suction pipe (except for low-temperature equipment, when the suction pipe to the compressor suction valve is covered with a layer of frost), warm liquid pipe, compressor and electric motor work quietly , without vibration and extraneous noise, there is no sparking and local heating in electrical appliances, the coefficient of working time corresponds to the recommended values.
For various refrigeration equipment and machines, the operating instructions can be recommended characteristics normal operating mode.
The actual mode of operation of the equipment is determined by the measured pressures and temperatures. It is considered abnormal if the actual cooling capacity is less and the power consumption is greater than the optimum. In this case, you need to reconfigure the equipment to work in normal mode.
Possible malfunctions in the operation of refrigeration equipment. During the operation of refrigeration machines and equipment, their characteristics deteriorate. Due to wear, compressor performance decreases, noise and vibration appear, which are absent in a new machine, etc. Pollution and corrosion of heat exchange surfaces cause an increase in their thermal resistance, a decrease in strength properties.
Mechanical and physical and chemical wear are the cause of malfunctions in the operation of refrigeration equipment. Among many violations, the most common are the following: a malfunction of the starting and protective electrical equipment, continuous operation of the compressor of an automatic refrigeration machine, the required temperature in the refrigeration chamber is not reached in the absence of a snow coat on the evaporator, there is a constant flow of cooling water to the condenser (VRV does not close) when the and stopped compressor, extraneous noise in the compressor, etc.
Organization of repair of refrigeration equipment. To extend the life of refrigeration equipment with high technical indicators it periodically undergoes scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR). The PPR system is designed to prevent emergency repairs and increase the turnaround time. It also includes work on overhaul maintenance, which consists in monitoring the condition of the equipment and compliance with the rules for its operation, as well as performing a number of works that ensure the long-term serviceable operation of machines and apparatus.
Planned repairs are divided into three types: current, medium and capital. Each type of repair includes operations that ensure trouble-free operation of the equipment until the next scheduled repair. Current and medium repairs are carried out without dismantling the equipment. Overhaul produced at a repair and assembly plant, for which the equipment is dismantled and sent to the plant.
While doing repair work it is necessary to strictly observe the safety regulations for ammonia and freon refrigeration plants, the rules technical operation electrical installations and the requirements of other instructive materials.