Description of my yard. Ecological characteristic. First of all, we distribute the functional areas

29.05.2020

Nearby businesses and other facilities:

Outside mediocre proximity is only JSC " NAPO them. Chkalova» 4 hazard classes.

In accordance with the direction of the winds, the eastern part of the city and the eastern part of the Dzerzhinsky district are strongly influenced by the influence of polluted air masses from industrial enterprises district.

In the immediate vicinity is the reservoir Kamenka, and PKiO "Dzerzhinsky". The state of the Kamenka reservoir is assessed as quality class 2, in contrast to the Kamenka river with quality class 5. The Dzerzhinsky PKiO is in a dilapidated state. The park is not operational. Buildings are destroyed. Cleaning of the territory is not carried out.

Characteristics of the territory of the yard, estate

The house was built at the beginning of the 20th century. The size of the estate is 600 sq. meters. On the territory there are plants: spruce, currant, raspberry and others. Soils are natural and moist. The fertilizers used are nitrogen-containing, mainly saltpeter. The territory is not trampled down, it is not used for car parking and dog walking.

Building characteristics

The building is built of larch, has an area of 125 sq. m. And One Floor Of The Building. There are no organizations in the house. 4 people live in the house, all rooms are decorated with eurolining, 3 decorative palm trees sprout in the house and 3 cats live.

The house is connected to the centralized water supply, the average water consumption per person ?????? no water meters installed. Water is used for domestic purposes, summer time the same for irrigation. Effluents are taken to storage with subsequent removal. Water is paid in the amount of 150 rubles in winter, and in the amount of 500 rubles in summer. There are no bad plumbing.

Electricity use:

The average electricity consumption is 500 kilowatts, at a price of 1500 rubles per month. In the house from electrical appliances available: PC, LCD TV, microwave oven, 2 irons, 2 kettles, refrigerator, 3 tablet PCs, food processor, blender, steamer, sewing machine, coffee maker, 2 oil heaters, 2 laptops, netbook, storage water heaters, total number of lamps with incandescent lamps 16. Electricity is saved.

There is no gas supply.

Heating:

The main source of heat: solid fuel (pellets). Heating type: boiler, electric. The room is well insulated in the winter. The room temperature is controlled manually. There is no accounting for thermal energy. Behind winter time about 40,000 rubles are spent on heating.

Waste is my family's trash can:

1 bucket of waste is thrown out per day, in summer 2. Food waste prevails in the total number, waste is taken to city dumps public services. AT household waste is not used.

Chemical substances:

The house uses household chemicals, expired medicines and chemicals. Funds are disposed of in accordance with the state. norms. With the rules for the use of chem. I always familiarize myself with the means before use. The most dangerous substances in the household are acids and chlorine.

Category: Essays on the Russian language

My native yard is a yard high-rise building. It is medium in size and quite comfortable. Our house has nine floors and four front rooms. That is, hundreds of people live in it.

There are benches in the yard where you can sit and breathe. fresh air. Even on the paved area are the cars of the residents of the house.

On the part of the yard that is not covered with asphalt, trees and bushes are planted. It is pleasant to relax here in the shade and in the shade of a hot summer. Also, the janitor, with the help of older women from our house, created several flower beds with garden flowers. There, depending on the season, petunias, asters, peonies and other flowers bloom.

A walnut grows in our yard, and in autumn, children run under this tree and collect nuts. Rowan also grows, where birds feed in winter.

There is a small playground for children. There is a slide, swings and a sandbox. Babies are on them. Mothers and grandmothers are watching them on the benches nearby. Even in the yard there is a table at which pensioners play dominoes, and late in the evening young people communicate and gnaw on seeds.

I like my yard. It is cozy not only for people, but even for twirin. A couple of homeless cats live in it. They are fed by grandmothers. And so they fawn over everyone who lives in the house and passes through the yard.

Iskandirov Pavel

Educational research work "Ecological characteristics of the place of residence, housing and lifestyle"

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Ecological characteristic

place of residence, habitation and way of life

Iskandirov Pavel

MOU secondary school with. Nyrya, grade 10

Scientific adviser teacher of biology Sergeev N.A.

Relevance of the topic and tasks

Purpose of the study.

This year, in the circle, we decided to make an ecological description of the house: to assess the state of nature, to give a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the state of the home and the compliance with the characteristics of our family's life healthy lifestyle life.

Tasks:

1. Find the necessary literature.

2. Give an ecological description of the place of residence, dwelling and lifestyle.

3. Suggest possible ways solutions to identified environmental problems.

Research methods.

According to local conditions and opportunities, and also taking into account that the circle has been working only for the first year, the most accessible method for us was chosen.

1. Described the location of the village and the house.

2. We studied the vegetation of the area and its role for the ecosystem and humans.

3. Studied the presence of stationary and mobile sources of pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water.

4. They gave a sanitary and hygienic assessment of the condition of the dwelling.

5. We studied the diet, forms of sports and social conditions in the family.

Conclusion

As a result of the work done on environmental monitoring of the place of residence, housing and lifestyle, I came to the conclusion:

1. The village is located in an ecologically clean area.

2. The house is located and built according to everyone sanitary standards and rules.

3. Features of family life contribute to a healthy lifestyle.

Introduction.

My name is Iskandirov Pavel Yurievich. I am 15 years old, I study in the 10th grade of the Nyrinsky secondary secondary school which is 3 km from our house. I live in the village of Verkhniy Kuzmes, Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Recently, everyone has heard about environmental problems. The environmental programs of the regions and individual districts provide for monitoring the quality of atmospheric air, water and soil, increasing green spaces, flower beds, etc. But each of us would like to stay away from environmental problems. Therefore, when choosing a house for living, among other factors, attention is paid to the ecological situation in the area. Clean air, lots of greenery - I think that this is enough for a healthy and prosperous life. However, few people know how important the environmental situation is in the house itself or in the apartment.

After all, by placing ourselves in a closed space, we replace the harmful influence of nature coming from the outside - solar radiation, the impact of the wind, with others - artificially created, but no less dangerous.

This year, in the circle, we decided to make an ecological description of the house: to assess the state of nature and give a brief assessment of compliance with sanitary standards and rules and the compliance of our family's life features with a healthy lifestyle.

Characteristics of the place of residence.

In the village where I live, there are 81 yards. The houses here are mostly wooden, some with brick outbuildings, single storey. In the village, the houses are arranged in two rows. Between them is one main unpaved street. My house is on the west side of the village. The village is gasified.

Along the village, on both sides, there are large ravines along which small nameless rivers flow. Approximately in the middle of the village, they merge into one, which is a tributary of the Burets River. Although the rivers are small, small fish and other inhabitants live there. fresh water oem. In the summer we make a dam on the river. The water there is pure, spring. In the warm season, there are many geese and ducks that are kept by the villagers, so we do not swim there.

Our yard is large and spacious. There is an asphalt path, on the sides of which the grass turns green in summer. A linden grows in front of the house. When it blooms, the whole yard is filled with a delicate, fragrant aroma of numerous pale white flowers. We collect these flowers in order to make a useful decoction from them in winter. Not far from the tree there is a well, the water from which we use for drinking. There is also a standpipe whose water we use mainly for agricultural purposes.

At the end of the yard there is a gazebo, a swing and a horizontal bar that my dad made. In the summer, in the evenings, it is very fun and noisy in our yard.

Near the houses of all residents there are gardens that provide organic vegetables and fruits. Our soil is gray forest, structural. We use organic fertilizers and crop rotation.

We collect household waste in special bags. Then, once a month, we take them to a specially designated place outside the village. We bury the corpses of domestic animals in the ground.

There are no stationary sources of air pollution in our area, with the exception of one dairy farm located 2 km from my house. Due to the lack of high-quality fuel for heating water, all kinds of waste are used (for example: sleepers, slabs, etc.), which, when burned, emit substances harmful to breathing into the air.

From our house to the main street 50 meters. There are no other roads in the village. When counting cars on the street, the following results were obtained. During the study, from 8.00 to 21.00 for three days, 7 cars passed. Mainly Cars and motorcycles of the inhabitants of our village. For a day, this number of cars emits 5 kg of exhaust gases. There are no traffic lights in the village.

There are no large transport routes near the village, which has a positive effect on the atmosphere of the area. To the nearest paved highway from the village to the south 5 km, to the east - 4 km. A mixed forest is located 5 km west of the village. Considering the prevailing western air transfer, we can say that this has a very favorable effect on the microclimate of the area.

The village has one elementary School, club, library and two shops. These enterprises are about 1.5 km from my house. Every other day, a car shop arrives in the village, so residents of our part of the village rarely go to the shops that are in the village.

Trees grow along the street: birch, linden, maple, bird cherry, lilac, poplar, mountain ash, etc. Many, including ours, have a flower garden in front of the house. Behind the house, in the gardens, apple trees, bird cherry trees, cherries, plums, raspberries, currants, and gooseberries grow. From such a number of plants, the whole village is buried in greenery in summer.

The relief in our area is ravine-beam. That requires special measures to combat erosion. The climate is characterized by relatively cold winters and moderately warm summers. The amount of precipitation is more than 450 mm per year, which, with moderate evaporation, creates conditions for sufficient moisture.

Behind the village, on the slope of the ravine, there is a spruce forest, the width of which is 100 meters, the length is slightly less than one kilometer. In addition to the firs there grow in a small amount birches, junipers, firs, pines, aspens, oaks, raspberries. The soil under the spruce forest is podzolic, which was formed due to insufficient supply of organic matter to the upper layers of the soil, their decomposition and leaching. The grass cover is poorly developed, so the process of accumulation of organic matter and the formation of soil structure is slow and weak. Due to the fallen needles, organic acids enter the soil, which contribute to the decomposition and leaching of mineral and organic particles from the upper horizons of the soil with water.

In our spruce forest you can find a lot of mushrooms, for example, mushrooms, black mushrooms, mushrooms, boletus, volnushki, russula, mushrooms and rarely porcini. From animals there are foxes, hares, birds.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that there are no particularly serious environmental problems in our area, with the exception of some points.

Firstly, the boiler house of our farm has a very bad effect on the air of the area, due to the burning of low-quality fuel in it, which causes the appearance of harmful chemicals in the air. The proposed way to solve this problem is to conduct natural gas into the boiler room of the farm, since it is relatively safe in terms of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Secondly, this is the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides by a local agricultural enterprise. Part of the applied mineral fertilizers is washed out by melt and rain waters. So, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus compounds enter water bodies in excess, which can lead to undesirable consequences. A similar picture is with the use of pesticides. According to the UN, the annual global loss of agricultural crops from pests, diseases and weeds is more than 30%.

The increase in the scale of production and use of pesticides and herbicides, the expansion of their range leads to the fact that these substances are more and more involved in the cycle of substances in nature, are found in various quantities in organisms living in different natural zones (for example, pesticides are found even in body of penguins living in Antarctica).

Organochlorine compounds are also introduced into the fields near our village, which are used in the fight against pests of grain, leguminous, industrial, and vegetable crops.

The solution to the problem, in my opinion, lies in the need to widely use organic fertilizers and introduce a biological method of pest control.

Characteristics of the house and lifestyle.

I live separately standing house, in which 8 rooms and one basement. total area dwelling is 94 sq. m. The ceiling height in the rooms is 2.8 meters. In total, there are 10 windows in the house, 90 cm wide and 120 cm high. The duration of insolation in all residential premises is at least 2.5 hours a day from March 22 to September 22.

The floor in the living rooms is wooden painted. In the kitchen - concrete, covered with tiles, in the hallway there is lenolium; in the living room - a carpet made of natural material.

Interior walls are plastered and covered with lime mortar white color. There is a room where the walls are sheathed wooden paneling and covered with natural drying oil. In the living room, a large natural wool carpet hangs on the wall. The rooms have furniture and other products made of chipboard, fiberboard, which eventually begin to emit gases harmful to the body.

The rooms in the house are adjacent, with an average area of 12 sq. m. The kitchen has gas stove where we cook food and sometimes bake bread, but usually in the oven. There is a gas boiler in the basement that heats our house.

The average temperature in our house in winter is + 23 ... + 25 C, and in summer + 24 ... + 26 C. Air humidity in the kitchen is usually 65-78%, and in living rooms 45-50%.

Ventilation is carried out by air flow through the vents and through special ventilation ducts. Once a week we do a wet cleaning of the premises.

Window sills in the rooms are occupied by indoor plants. They can be called natural air purifiers. We regularly wash off the dust from the plants.

There are 11 people in our family. Average age family members - 29.2 years. There are 7 children in our family, father and mother, grandmother and aunt Lyuba. Our seed is large and friendly. Our house is never sad and quiet.

The house has a TV, DVD-player, music center. The average work time does not exceed 5 hours per day. We mostly watch news, educational and sports programs on TV. We listen to popular and dance music.

In the evening, when the whole family gets together, we discuss the news of the past day: with whom, what happened, how the day went, is everything all right. On working days, the whole family gathers at the table only for breakfast and dinner, because during the day everyone is busy: who is studying and who is working. But on weekends we all get together. The dishes are dominated by meat and dairy products and vegetables. Sometimes we buy fish. We respect the traditions of our grandparents very much, I hope that they will not be forgotten. Our family celebrates birthdays 11 times a year. Let's celebrate with the whole family New Year, Christmas, Maslenitsa, Easter, St. Peter's day and other holidays.

On weekends we go out we go skiing. Our ski track runs along the landing behind the village with a length of 3 km. These walks are very important for the health of the little members of our family, so dad tries to organize such events as regularly as possible.

Conclusion.

The conducted sanitary and hygienic assessment of the condition of the house allows us to conclude that it largely complies with SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises" dated July 1, 2001. It should be called the discrepancy between the norm of the area per person. It is much smaller in our house.

In order to fight for fresh air I propose to replace furniture made of chipboard, fiberboard with solid wood products.

pick up houseplants taking into account the recommendations of experts. Try to use high-quality vacuum cleaning.

Try to do more sports and physical education, do daily morning exercises.

I think that the elimination of these small remarks will greatly improve the health of our family members.

References.

1. Methods of ecological research.

2. N. A. Zhigarev, O. N. Ponomareva, N. M. Chernova “Fundamentals of Ecology. Collection of tasks, exercises and practical work" Moscow. Bustard 2002

3. B. M. Mirkin, L. G. Naumova "Ecology of Russia" Moscow. A. O. MDS. 1996

4. SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises" dated July 1, 2001.

5. A. S. Taisin "Geography of the Tatar ASSR" Kazan. 1990

I love our schoolyard very much. This is not just a playground, it is the central place for all the events of school life. After all, think about it: where do schoolchildren run in warm weather to discuss their affairs at breaks? The school yard is an unusually interesting place for observation. Let's get a look. Here the bell rings from the second lesson - all into the yard. And it begins: who jumps into rubber bands, who waters the flowers in the flower beds, who discusses whether he was fairly assessed, and who from high school students and ... smoke. Everyone is busy, because the yard is large, there is enough space for everyone. Leaving the school, we see on the right and left two flowering flower beds, which are constantly looked after. If a student wants to spend fifteen minutes of his rest among the greenery, without leaving the school yard, he can go behind the school, into the garden. grow there fruit trees, shrubs bloom, a lot of lilacs! You run around in the midst of this beauty - and fatigue disappears like a hand, you can start the lessons again.

Our school yard is beautiful: it is cozy, bright and spacious. I wouldn't trade it for a thousand other school

Our school yard (description of the area)

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Department of labor safety

Settlement and graphic work on the topic:

"Environmental assessment of your place of residence"

Completed:

Checked:

Student: Saveliev V.

Makarenko V.K.

Group: AVT-922

Faculty: AVTF

Novosibirsk 2012

Conclusion

ecological housing transport

1. general characteristics places of residence

I live in the Soviet district of the city of Krasnoyarsk. After graduating from school and still I temporarily live in the city of Novosibirsk (Leninsky district, campus). My work is dedicated to my hometown and region. My house is located in the southeastern part of the district.

The city of Krasnoyarsk is one of the largest cities in Russia with a developed infrastructure and opportunities for the growth of human and economic potential, an industrial, administrative-territorial and transport hub. The population of the city as of 01.01.2010 was 963.2 thousand people. The city is located on both banks of the river. Yenisei in its middle course at the junction of three geomorphological regions: the valley of the river. Yenisei, a plateau adjacent to the river valley and the foothills of the Eastern Sayan.

The Soviet district is the largest in terms of size and number of residents. On its outskirts there are also the largest factories of Krasnoyarsk: Metallurgical (KRAMZ) and Aluminum (KRAZ). On the territory of the Soviet district there are sites of mass housing construction: residential areas Severny and Airport. In the old microdistricts, the housing stock is Khrushchev and houses with an improved layout. The construction of new areas is carried out with houses of the 111-97 series and monolithic-brick houses. The housing stock is completely diverse and is represented by houses from wooden to brick.

The condition of the yard is average. Many trees have been cut down due to the danger of them being blown down by the wind, and new plantings do not survive. Mainly because of the human factor. Also, the wind often blows garbage from local garbage containers directly into the yard. Planting and air purity are negatively affected a large number of parked cars.

My house is a panel structure, 10 floors and 4 entrances. The apartment is on the 7th floor, there is an elevator. Half of the windows overlook the courtyard, between Metallurgists Avenue and the house there is a small plot of trees. The condition of the entrance is below average, as the residents violate its cleanliness.

The most a big problem, which concerns me and my area - these are emissions from road transport and industry.

Now let's give some statistics from previous years in order to assess the environmental situation more specifically. In 2008, motor vehicles emitted 122.76 thousand tons of pollutants into the atmosphere of the city, which accounted for 44% of the total emissions in the city. In 2009, the usual increase in emissions from mobile pollution sources was not expected and has not actually been confirmed. The volume of emissions from vehicles amounted to 122.13 thousand tons and even decreased by 0.63 thousand tons. Against the background of a decrease in stationary emissions, the share of emissions from mobile pollution sources slightly increased and amounted to 45.0% of the total emissions in the city. Rospotrebnadzor specialists note that the share of industrial enterprises in air pollution from the total number of emissions from stationary sources in 2007 amounted to 81.1%, which is lower than in 2006 - 92.7%.

Here is some information about what the city authorities have done to change the environmental situation in the city. The Council of the Territory Administration approved the target program "Protection environment in the Krasnoyarsk Territory for 2008-2010" with funding in the amount of 453 million rubles. Its main goal is called "preservation of the environment and ensuring the ecological safety of the population of the region." However, experts say that the level of air pollution in almost all areas of the region is characterized as "high" and "very high". Also, the administration of the city of Krasnoyarsk is carrying out purposeful work to eliminate the inconvenience caused by the operation of vehicles. Underway active work to create new parking spaces and reduce noise pollution. The preservation and development of electric transport is ensured, the construction of new roads is underway, the reconstruction of road facilities, transport interchanges, pedestrian crossings, the area of traffic control of traffic flow is expanding according to the “Green Wave” principle.

However, in my area, the environmental situation has not improved over the 3 years that I have been studying in Novosibirsk.

2. Ways and means of solving the problem under consideration

Since the main part of the deterioration of life in my area is automobile transport, then we will describe the main ways to reduce environmental damage from transport:

1) optimization of urban transport;

2) development of alternative energy sources;

3) creation (modification) of engines using alternative fuels;

4) noise protection;

5) economic initiatives to manage the car park and traffic.

These are the main ways, but there are also many other ways, for example, in the UK, it is stated by law that in the center of London on some streets you can only ride bicycles.

Conclusion

It is theoretically not difficult to make the environment favorable. All methods have long been known and obvious. But they require huge investments. It is because of the financial factor that my family lives in an environment that does not fully meet all environmental requirements.

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Description of my yard. Ecological characteristic. First of all, we distribute the functional areas

Characteristics of the territory of the yard, estate

Building characteristics

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