Graphic work number 8 on drawing. Practical and graphic work on drawing. The concept of guests. formats. frame. drawing lines

28.03.2020

Workbook

Introduction to the subject of drawing

The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawing

Drawings in Russia were made by "drawers", a mention of which can be found in the "Pushkar order" of Ivan IV.

Other images - drawings, were a view of the structure "from a bird's eye view"

At the end of the 12th century in Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are affixed. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.

The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. At present, the drawing has become the main document of business communication in science, technology, production, design, and construction.

It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Whom you will meet while studying the subject "Drawing"

Varieties of graphic images

Exercise: sign the names of the images.

The concept of GOSTs. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.

Exercise 1

Graphic work No. 1

"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines»

Work examples

Test tasks for graphic work No. 1

Option number 1.

1. What designation according to GOST has a format of 210x297:

a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?

2. What is the thickness of the dash-dotted line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 0.8 mm:

a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?

______________________________________________________________

Option number 2.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. Where is the main inscription located on the drawing:

a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?

2. How much should the axial and center lines protrude beyond the image contour:

a) 3…5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?

Option number 3.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What arrangement of the A4 format is allowed by GOST:

A) vertical b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?

2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 1 mm:

a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?

Option number 4.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:

a) left, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom - 10 mm each, right - 25 mm; c) left - 20 mm, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each?

2. What type of line are axial and center lines in the drawings:

a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?

Option number 5.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What are the dimensions according to GOST in the A4 format:

a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?

2. Depending on which line the line thicknesses of the drawing are selected:

a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?

Fonts (GOST 2304-81)

Font types:

Font sizes:

Practical tasks:

Calculations of parameters of drawing fonts

Test tasks

Option number 1.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What value is taken for the font size:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) the height of the gaps between the lines?

Option number 2.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of the capital letter of rift #5:

a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?

Option number 3.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of lowercase letters with protruding elements c, e, b, r, f:

a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of the lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of a capital letter?

Option number 4.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Is there a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters? A, E, T, G, I:

a) are different b) do not differ; c) differ in the spelling of individual elements?

Option number 5.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What does the height of the figures of the drawing font correspond to:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?

Graphic Work No. 2

"Drawing of a flat part"

Cards - tasks

1 option

Option 2

3 option

4 option

Geometric constructions

Division of a circle into 5 and 10 parts

Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts

Division of a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts

Dividing a segment into 9 parts

Fixing the material

Practical work:

According to the types, build a third. Scale 1:1

Option number 1

Option number 2

Option number 3

Option number 4

Fixing the material

Write answers in workbook:

Option number 1

Option number 2

Practical work No. 3

"Modeling by drawing".

Instructions for work

To make a model out of cardboard, first cut it out. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece according to the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) cutouts. Cut them along the outlined outline. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw a line on the outside of the bend with some sharp object.

Wire for modeling must be used soft, of arbitrary length (10 - 20 mm).

Fixing the material

Option #1 Option #2

Fixing the material

In the workbook, draw a part drawing in 3 views. Apply dimensions.

Option #3 Option #4

Fixing the material

Card work

Fixing the material

Use colored pencils to complete the task on the card.

Amount (build-up)

clipping

Reinforcement task

Oval -

Algorithm for constructing an oval

1. Let's build an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD

2. Denote the points of intersection of the circle with the square 1 2 3 4

3. Draw a straight line from the top of the rhombus (D) to point 4 (3). We get the segment D4, which will be equal to the radius of the arc R.

4. Let's draw an arc that will connect points 3 and 4.

5. At the intersection of the segment B2 and AC, we get the point O1.

At the intersection of the segment D4 and AC, we get the point O2.

6. From the obtained centers O1 and O2 we draw arcs R1, which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.

Fixing the material

Perform a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are given in fig. 62

Graphic work No. 9

Detail sketch and technical drawing

1. What is called sketch?

Fixing the material

Tasks for exercises

Practical work No. 7

"Reading drawings"

Graphic dictation

"Drawing and technical drawing of the part according to the verbal description"

Option number 1

Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a large base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole passes vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.

The total height of the part is 30 mm.

The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, the length is 70 mm, and the width is 50 mm.

The second parallelepiped is 50 mm long and 40 mm wide.

The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, the height is 10 mm; the diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.

Note:

Option number 2

Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) side of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is a through hole of a prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 65 mm, and the width is 40 mm.

Semi-cylinder height 15 mm, base R 20 mm.

The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.

Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. There is a hole at a distance of 15 mm from the right side of the support.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 3

Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with a large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole passes along the axis of the cone.

The total height of the part is 65 mm.

The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.

Cone height 50 mm, bottom base Ǿ 50 mm, top base Ǿ 30 mm.

The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, the height is 40 mm.

The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 4

Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

Height of lower cylinder 15 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm.

Second cylinder base Ǿ 45 mm.

Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.

Top part holes Ǿ 30 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 5

Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 100 mm, and the width is 50 mm.

Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.

Hole diameters 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 6

Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.

Cube edge 60 mm.

Semi-conical hole depth 35 mm, top base Ǿ 40 mm, bottom base Ǿ 20 mm.

The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is Ǿ 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 7

Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The large base of the cone is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. Two prismatic cutouts run along the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped. A through hole is drilled along the axis of the cone cylindrical shapeǾ 15 mm.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 55 mm.

The cone base diameters are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).

The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, the width is 10 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 8

Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the case there are two conical lugs. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.

The total height of the part is 59 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.

Cone height 7 mm, base Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 9

Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axle. A through hole runs along the axis: on top of a prismatic shape with a square base, and then a cylindrical shape.

The total height of the part is 50 mm.

Height of lower cylinder 10 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm. The base diameter of the second cylinder is 30 mm.

The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.

The base side of the prism hole is 10 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Test

Graphic work No. 11

"Drawing and visual representation of the part"

According to the axonometric projection, build a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1: 1. Apply dimensions.

Graphic work No. 10

"Part sketch with construction elements"

Make a drawing of the part that has the parts removed according to the markup. The direction of projection for building the main view is indicated by an arrow.

Graphic work No. 8

"Drawing of a part with the transformation of its shape"

General concept for shape transformation. Linking a drawing to a markup

Graphic work

Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object)

Draw a technical drawing of the part by making notches of the same shape and size in the same place instead of the protrusions marked with arrows.

Task for logical thinking

Topic "Design drawings"

Crossword "Projection"

1. The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.

2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.

3. Face of a cube.

4. Image resulting from projection.

5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other.

6. In Greek, this word means "double dimension."

7. Side view of the face, object.

8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.

9. The image on the profile plane of projections is a view ...

Rebus on the topic "View"

Rebus

Crossword "Axonometry"

Vertically:

1. Translated from French, “front view”.

2. The concept in drawing on what the projection of a point or object is obtained.

3. The border between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.

4. Geometric body.

5. Drawing tool.

6. Translated from Latin"throw, throw forward."

7. Geometric body.

8. The science of graphic images.

9. Unit of measure.

10. Translated from Greek, "double dimension."

11. Translated from French, "side view."

12. In the drawing, “she” is thick, thin, wavy, etc.

Technical Dictionary of Drawing

Term	Definition of a term or concept
Axonometry
Algorithm
Analysis of the geometric shape of an object
Boss
Burtik

Shaft
Vertex
View
Main view
Additional type
view local
Screw
Sleeve

Dimension
screw
Fillet
geometric body
Horizontal
cooking
edge

Division of a circle
Division of the segment
Diameter
ESKD

Drawing tools
Tracing paper
Pencil
Drawing layout
Construction
Circuit
Cone
curved curves
Circular curves

pattern
Rulers
Line - callout
Extended line
transition line
Dimensional line
Solid line
Dashed line
dash-dotted line
Lyska

Scale
Monge method
Polyhedron
Polygon
Modeling
Main inscription
Dimensioning
Drawing stroke
cliff
Oval
Ovoid
Circle
Circle in axonometric projection
Ornament
axonometric axes
Axis of rotation
Projection axis
Axis of symmetry
Hole

Groove
Keyway
Parallelepiped
Pyramid
Projection plane
Prism
Axonometric projections
Projection
Projection isometric rectangular
Projection frontal dimetric oblique
projection
groove

Scan
The size
Overall dimensions
Structural dimensions
Dimensions coordinating
Part feature dimensions
Gap
Drawing frame
Edge
Technical drawing
Symmetry
Pairing
Standard
Standardization
Arrows
Scheme

Thor
Pairing point
Protractor
squares
Simplifications and Conventions

Chamfer
Drawing formats
Frontal
projection center
Pairing Center
Cylinder
Compass

Drawing
Working drawing
Drawing
Dimensional number
Reading a drawing

Washer
Ball
Slot
Schaffing
Font
Hatching Axonometric hatching
Ellipse
Sketch

Workbook

Practical and graphic work on drawing

The notebook was developed by a teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine arts Nesterova Anna Aleksandrovna, teacher of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk"

Introduction to the subject of drawing
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.

Workbook

Practical and graphic work on drawing

The notebook was developed by a teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine arts Nesterova Anna Aleksandrovna, teacher of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk"

Introduction to the subject of drawing

The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawing

Drawings in Russia were made by "drawers", the mention of which can be found in the "Pushkar order" of Ivan IV.

Other images - drawings, were a view of the structure "from a bird's eye view"

It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Whom you will meet while studying the subject"Drawing"

Varieties of graphic images

Exercise: sign the names of the images.

Materials, accessories, drawing tools.

From the history

An iron compass was found in France in a Gallic burial mound of the 1st century AD. In the ashes that covered Pompeii nineteen centuries ago, archaeologists also found many bronze compasses.

AT Ancient Russia a circular ornament of small correct circles. A steel circular chisel was found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod.

Pencil got its name from the fusion of two Turkic words:Kara – black and tash - a rock. In the 16th century, the British discovered deposits of graphite. Fragile rods were placed in an elegant frame made of reed or mahogany, and only at the end of the 18th century, the Czech J. Garmut suggested making writing rods from a mixture of crushed graphite and clay. The writing rods were called "kohinoor" - "having no equal."

Protractor - a tool for measuring and drawing angles, made of tin or plastic.

pattern - a thin plate with curved edges, used to draw curved (curved) lines that cannot be drawn with a compass.

Word eraser , it turns out, came from the abbreviated word "gummielastic", which translates asrubber.

Ready - a set of drawing tools and accessories, packed in a case.

Fixing the material:

On the instructions of the teacher, students in the workbook, using drawing tools, draw vertical, horizontal and oblique lines, as well as circles.

The concept of GOSTs. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.

Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4

D/W:

Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, issue fA4 (without font)

Learn:

Ideas about GOSTs, ESKD, formats, title block

Be able to:

Determine the thickness, style, line type when making graphic images, arrange the format.

Exercise 1

Graphic work No. 1

"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines»

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova p. 20, accessories, fA4

D/W:

Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, graph paper.

Learn:

Rules for the design of the drawing, the phased work on the drawing.

Be able to:

Accurately and rationally work with drawing tools. Observe the rules for the design of the drawing, the outline of the lines.

Work examples

Test tasks for graphic work No. 1

Option number 1.

What designation according to GOST has a format of 210x297:

a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?

2. What is the thickness of the dash-dotted line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 0.8 mm:

a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?

______________________________________________________________

Option number 2.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Where is the title block located on the drawing?

a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?

2. How much should the axial and center lines protrude beyond the image contour:

a) 3…5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?

Option number 3.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What arrangement of the A4 format is allowed by GOST:

A) vertical b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?

2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if the solid main thick line in the drawing is 1 mm:

a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?

Option number 4.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the frame of the drawing:

a) left, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom - 10 mm each, right - 25 mm; c) left - 20 mm, top, right and bottom - 5 mm each?

2. What type of line are axial and center lines in the drawings:

a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?

Option number 5.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What dimensions according to GOST has the A4 format:

a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?

2. Depending on which line the line thicknesses of the drawing are selected:

a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?

Fonts (GOST 2304-81)

Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, graph paper.

D/W:

Notebook, textbook §2.4 pp. 23-24, graph paper.

Learn:

Drawing font, the main inscription of the drawing.

Be able to:

Use font when drawing

Font types:

Font sizes:

Practical tasks:

Calculations of parameters of drawing fonts

Relates

the size

Size in mm

3.5

Height

capital letters

3.5

Height

lowercase letters

0.7 h

2.5

3.5

Letter spacing

0.2 h

0.7

0.1

1.4

2.0

2.8

Minimum distance between line bases

1.7 h

6.0

8.5

12.0

17.0

24.0

Minimum spacing between words

0.6 h

2.1

3.0

4.2

6.0

8.4

Letter thickness

0.1 h

0.35

0.5

0.7

0.1

1.4

Test tasks

Option number 1.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What value is taken for the font size:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) the height of the gaps between the lines?

Option number 2.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of the capital letter of rift #5:

a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?

Option number 3.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of lowercase letters with protruding elementsc, e, b, r, f:

a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of the lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of a capital letter?

Option number 4.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Is there a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters?A, E, T, G, I:

a) are different b) do not differ; c) differ in the spelling of individual elements?

Option number 5.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What does the height of the figures of the drawing font correspond to:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?

Applying dimensions. Scales

Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories.

D/W:

Notebook, textbook §2.5-2.6, fA4 (vertically)

Learn:

Sizing Rules

Linear

corner

Numbers on drawings

R signs, diameter, square

Be able to:

Apply sizing rules. Read dimensions on drawings. Use the scale correctly

The sizes are:

Signs that are used when applying dimensions:

L-

R-

Ǿ -

Exercise:

Apply dimensions

Scale –

Test tasks

Option number 1.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What length of the object should be indicated on the drawing, if it is 1250 mm, and the image scale is 1:10:

a) 125; b) 1250; c) 12.5?

2. What letter should be applied before the dimension number when specifying the thickness of the part:

a) R; b)L; in)S?

Option number 2.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

The scale of the drawing is set to 2:1. How will the linear dimensions of the image correlate with the linear dimensions of the projected object:

a) the image is larger than the actual size of the object; b) the image corresponds to the actual size of the object; c) is the image smaller than the actual size of the object?

Option number 3.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the preferred scale for drawing a part:

a) increase; b) decrease; c) natural?

2. What does the sign R applied before the dimension number mean:

a) circumference; b) the diameter of the circle; c) the radius of the circle?

Option number 4.

Choose and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Which of the options corresponds to the scale of reduction:

a) M 1:2; b) M 1:1; c) M 2:1?

2. What is the minimum distance between the image outline and the dimension line:

a) 5 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 10 mm?

Strengthening exercise

(work with colored pencil)

Graphic Work No. 2

"Drawing of a flat part"

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4 (vertically)

D/W:

Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories (compass)

Learn:

Rules for applying dimensions, drawing design (fonts, lines).

Be able to:

Perform a drawing, apply the rules for applying dimensions, use drawing tools.

Cards - tasks

1 option

2 option

3 option

4 option

Pairings. Geometric constructions

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories (compass).

D/W:

Notebook, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass), fA4, §15.2-15.3 fig.137

Learn:

Rules for constructing parallel and perpendicular lines, conjugation of angles, two parallel lines, a line and a circle, and dividing a circle into equal parts, constructing regular polygons.

Be able to:

Perform geometric constructions using drawing tools. Read drawing.

Pairing -

Consolidation of the studied material:

Draw a door key

conjugation of blunt, acute and right angles

Geometric constructions

Division of a circle into 5 and 10 parts

Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts

Division of a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts

Dividing a segment into 9 parts

Projection. projection method. Projection onto one projection plane

D/W:

Accessories, 2 matchboxes, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov read pp. 31-34.

Learn:

Projection basics. Concepts: center, perpendicular, parallel

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of an object, display on a plane.

Obtaining images on 2 projection planes.

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 pp. 37-38.

Learn:

Rules for the representation of a figure on a mutually perpendicular plane. Fundamentals of the rectangular projection method.

Be able to:

Be able to build projections on 2 projection planes.

An exercise:

Make models from matchboxes, as shown in fig. 56 a. Compare your drawings of models with their visual representations. Make your own one more - two models from two or three boxes and complete their drawings.

Practical task:

Using a visual image, build a horizontal projection. Apply dimensions.

Repetition task:

Acquisition of images on 3 planes of projection

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 -5 pp. 37-38 fig. 51.

Learn:

The order of projection on 3 planes. The number of views used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.

Be able to:

Draw a simple shape. Select the number of types. Read a drawing of a simple shape.

Oral work:

Frontally on the chalkboard build the third view of the detail

Fixing the material

Practical work:

According to the types, build a third. Scale 1:1

Option number 1

Option number 2

Option number 3

Option number 4

View location. local views. Tasks for drawing up drawings from disparate images

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook, tracing paper.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §5 fig. 55-56, scissors, glue, wire, matchboxes, colored paper.

Learn:

The order of projection on the plane. The number of views used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.

Be able to:

Make a drawing of a simple form, choosing the required number of views in accordance with GOSTs. Read a drawing of a simple shape.

View –

What is called local view?

Fixing the material

Write your answers in your workbook:

Option number 1

Option number 2

Practical work No. 3

"Modeling by drawing".

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, wire or cardboard, matchboxes, glue, etc.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova

Learn:

Modeling methods according to the drawing.

Be able to:

Instructions for work

Wire for modeling must be used soft, of arbitrary length (10 - 20 mm).

The order of construction of images in the drawings

tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper

D/W:

§13, f A4, colored pencils, accessories.

Learn:

Be able to:

Build cuts and sections, perform a technical drawing of elements.

Fixing the material

Exercise:

Option #1 Option #2

Fixing the material

Exercise:

In the workbook, draw a part drawing in 3 views. Apply dimensions.

Option #3 Option #4

Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. bodies of revolution. Group of geometric bodies

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §10, 11, 16, colored pencils.

Learn:

Rules for the execution of drawings of geometric bodies.

Sequence of reading a group of geometric bodies.

Be able to:

Fixing the material

Card work

Fixing the material

Use colored pencils to complete the task on the card.

Analysis of the geometric shape -

Part drawing for two given views

instruments,

D/W:

f A4, tools

Learn:

Be able to:

Analyze drawings, give an accurate verbal description of the object depicted in the drawing.

Obtaining axonometric projections of plane figures

Homework:

Repeat paragraph 7-7.2; finish building table 1.

Equipment for students:

textbook "Drafting" ed. Botvinnikova A.D., workbook, drawing supplies.

Square in dimetric projection

Exercise:

Construct a square in isometric view

Dimetric Triangle Isometric Triangle

Hexagon in dimetry and isometry

Exercise:

Construct a hexagon in isometric view

Exercise:

Axonometric projections bulk bodies

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, notebook, tools.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov page 49 table No. 2, § 7-8.

Learn:

Rules for constructing axonometric projections. Methods for constructing a three-dimensional detail in isometry.

Be able to:

Build images in axonometry, starting with flat figures that lie at the base of the part. Learn to analyze the received images.

Repetition task:

Construct a geometric figure on a horizontal projection plane.

Amount (build-up)

clipping

Reinforcement task

Axonometric projection of a part with cylindrical elements

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikov, accessories, notebook.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 7-8.

Learn:

Rules for constructing a part with a curved surface. The general concept of "axonometry details".

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of the part, the resulting image.

Ellipse -

Oval -

Algorithm for constructing an oval

1. Let's build an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD

2. Denote the points of intersection of the circle with the square 1 2 3 4

3. From the top of the rhombus ( D ) draw a straight line to the point 4 (3). We get a segment D 4, which will be equal to the radius of the arc R .

4. Let's draw an arc that will connect the points 3 and 4 .

5. When crossing a segment IN 2 and AC get a point O1.

When crossing the line D 4 and AC get a point O2.

6. From the received centers O1 and O2 draw arcs R 1 , which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.

Fixing new material

! work in workbook

Exercise:

Perform isometric projections of the circle parallel to the frontal and profile planes of the projection.

Drawing and visual representation of the part

Form A4, tools, textbook

D/W:

§12, tracing paper

Learn:

ZUN

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of the part, build 3 views of the part and apply dimensions.

technical drawing

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §9, accessories, notebook.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 9

Learn:

Rules for the execution of a technical drawing and techniques for performing a part.

Be able to:

Perform axonometric projections depicting flat figures. Perform technical drawing.

technical drawing –

Hatching methods:

Fixing the material

Perform a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are given in fig. 62

Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object

Textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, colored pencils.

D/W:

Accessories, textbook "Drafting" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §12, fA4, colored pencils.

Learn:

Methods for selecting a point on a plane. Principles of construction of edges and faces.

Be able to:

Build point and face projections.

? Problem

What is a rib?

What is the top of an object?

What is the edge of an object?

Point projection

Practical work:

Arrange the letter designations of the projections

points on the detail drawing, marked on the visual image.

AT)

Graphic work No. 9

Detail sketch and technical drawing

D/W:

Instruments, graph paper, fA4, § 18

Learn:

What is a sketch. Sketch Rules

Be able to:

Make a sketch in the required number of views. Make a drawing according to the sketch.

What is calledsketch ?

Fixing the material

Tasks for exercises

Applying dimensions based on the shape of an object

tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper.

D/W:

Rice. 113 (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9)

Learn:

General rule drawing dimensions.

Be able to:

Repetition and consolidation of the material covered.

oral exercise

Practical work:

Cutouts and cuts on geometric bodies

Detail elements

SLOT - a groove in the form of a slot or groove on machine parts. For example, a slot in the head of a screw or screw, into which the end of a screwdriver is inserted when they are screwed.

GROOVE - an oblong recess or hole on the surface of a part, bounded laterally by parallel planes.

LYSKA - a flat cut on one or both sides of the cylindrical, conical or spherical sections of the part. Flats are designed to grip wrench and etc.

PROTOCHING - this is an annular groove on the rod, technologically necessary for the exit of a threaded tool in the manufacture of a part or for other purposes.

KEYWAY - a slot in the form of a groove that serves to install a key that transmits rotation from the shaft to the sleeve and vice versa.

CENTER HOLE - an element of a part that serves to reduce its mass, supply lubricant to rubbing surfaces, connect parts, etc. Holes can be through and deaf.

CHAMFER - turning on a truncated cone of the cylindrical edge of the part.

Exercise: Instead of numbers, write the names of the elements of the part

Exercise: Perform an axonometric projection of the part

Practical work No. 7

"Reading drawings"

Textbook, notebook, sheet.

D/W:

Graph paper, §17

Learn:

Learn how to build 3 types, analyze the geometric shape of the object, know the names of the elements of the part.

Be able to:

Analyze the drawing, determine the dimensions, give an accurate verbal description

Graphic dictation

"Drawing and technical drawing of the part according to the verbal description"

Format (notebook), tools

D/W:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Sketching Rules

Be able to:

Determine the necessary and sufficient number of views for a given part. Select main view. Dimension.

Option number 1

The total height of the part is 30 mm.

The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, the length is 70 mm, and the width is 50 mm.

The second parallelepiped is 50 mm long and 40 mm wide.

The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, the height is 10 mm; the diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.

Note:

Option number 2

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 65 mm, and the width is 40 mm.

Semi-cylinder height 15 mm, baseR 20 mm.

The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.

Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. There is a hole at a distance of 15 mm from the right side of the support.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 3

The total height of the part is 65 mm.

The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.

Cone height 50 mm, bottom base Ǿ 50 mm, top base Ǿ 30 mm.

The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, the height is 40 mm.

The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 4

Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

Height of lower cylinder 15 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm.

Second cylinder base Ǿ 45 mm.

Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.

Upper part of hole Ǿ 30 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 5

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, the length is 100 mm, and the width is 50 mm.

Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.

Hole diameters 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 6

Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.

Cube edge 60 mm.

Semi-conical hole depth 35 mm, top base Ǿ 40 mm, bottom base Ǿ 20 mm.

The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is Ǿ 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 7

Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The large base of the cone is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. Two prismatic cutouts run along the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped. A cylindrical through hole Ǿ 15 mm was drilled along the axis of the cone.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 55 mm.

The cone base diameters are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).

The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, the width is 10 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 8

The total height of the part is 59 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, the length is 90 mm, and the width is 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.

Cone height 7 mm, base Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option number 9

Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axle. A through hole runs along the axis: on top of a prismatic shape with a square base, and then a cylindrical shape.

The total height of the part is 50 mm.

Height of lower cylinder 10 mm, base Ǿ 70 mm. The base diameter of the second cylinder is 30 mm.

The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.

The base side of the prism hole is 10 mm.

Note: when applying dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Test

Graphic work No. 11

"Drawing and visual representation of the part"

A3 format, tools

D/W:

Tools, notebook, textbook.

Exercise:

According to the axonometric projection, build a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1: 1. Apply dimensions.

Graphic work No. 10

"Part sketch with construction elements"

tools, textbook, graph paper

D/W:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Sketch Rules

Be able to:

Make a sketch, correctly sizing

Exercise:

Make a drawing of the part that has the parts removed according to the markup. The direction of projection for building the main view is indicated by an arrow.

Graphic work No. 8

"Detail drawing c transformation of its form"

instruments, fA4, textbook

D/W:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Be able to:

Execute drawing

General concept on shape transformation. Linking a drawing to a markup

Textbook, notebook, graph paper, accessories

D/W:

Tutorial fig. 151 (get acquainted), fA4

Learn:

Be able to:

Analyze the form. Draw in orthogonal rectangular projection.

Graphic work

Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object)

Exercise:

Draw a technical drawing of the part by making notches of the same shape and size in the same place instead of the protrusions marked with arrows.

Task for logical thinking

Subject "Design drawings"

Subject "Drawing Tools and Accessories"

Crossword "Projection"

1. The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.

2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.

3. Face of a cube.

4. Image resulting from projection.

5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other.

6. In Greek, this word means "double dimension."

7. Side view of the face, object.

8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.

9. The image on the profile plane of projections is a view ...

Rebus on the topic "View"

Rebus

Subject "Sweeps of geometric bodies"

Crossword "Axonometry"

Vertically:

Translated from French, "front view".

The concept in drawing on what the projection of a point or object is obtained.

Boundary between halves of a symmetrical part in a drawing.

geometric body.

Drawing tool.

Translated from Latin, "throw, throw forward."

geometric body.

The science of graphic images.

Unit of measurement.

Translated from the Greek language "double dimension".

Translated from French "side view".

In the drawing, “she” is thick, thin, wavy, etc.

Technical Dictionary of Drawing

Axonometry

Algorithm

Analysis of the geometric shape of an object

Boss

Burtik

Shaft

Vertex

View

Main view

Viewadditional

view local

Screw

Sleeve

Dimension

screw

Fillet

geometric body

Horizontal

cooking

edge

Division of a circle

Division of the segment

Diameter

ESKD

Drawing tools

Tracing paper

Pencil

Drawing layout

Construction

Circuit

Cone

curved curves

Circular curves

pattern

Rulers

Line - callout

Extended line

transition line

Dimensional line

Solid line

Dashed line

dash-dotted line

Lyska

Scale

Monge method

Polyhedron

Polygon

Modeling

Main inscription

Dimensioning

Drawing stroke

cliff

Oval

Ovoid

Circle

Circlein axonometric projection

Ornament

axonometric axes

Axis of rotation

Projection axis

Axis of symmetry

Hole

Groove

Keyway

Parallelepiped

Pyramid

Projection plane

Prism

Axonometric projections

Projection

Projection isometric rectangular

Projection frontal dimetric oblique

projection

groove

Scan

The size

Overall dimensions

Structural dimensions

Dimensions coordinating

Dimensionsdetail element

Gap

Drawing frame

Edge

Picturetechnical

Symmetry

Pairing

Standard

Standardization

Arrows

Scheme

Thor

Pairing point

Protractor

squares

Simplifications and Conventions

Chamfer

Drawing formats

Frontal

projection center

Pairing Center

Cylinder

Compass

Drawing

Working drawing

Drawing

Dimensional number

Reading a drawing

Washer

Ball

Slot

Schaffing

Font

Hatching

Axonometric hatching

Ellipse

Sketch

Graphic and test work on the subject "Drawing" allows you to organize independent, individual and collective work in the classroom, taking into account the characteristics of students.

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Starting control of teaching in drawing in grade 8 (for grade 7)

Surname, class: _______________________________________________________________

What is the subject of study of the subject "Drawing"? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How does it stand for: E C K D?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are the main lines of the drawing: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write the known dimensions of the drawing font and the angle of inclination of the letters for the oblique font type B: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name the types of triangles: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name the types of quadrilaterals: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
List the names of geometric bodies: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Varieties of angles and their designation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is conjugation? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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7th grade

ON HORIZONTAL

Build FOUR circles with a radius 30 mm each
into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts

7th grade

GRAPHIC WORK ON DRAWING

"Dividing a circle into equal parts" Task:

ON HORIZONTAL on the located sheet of the notebook in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.

The line type is a dash-dotted thin line.

Start the construction of circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
Build FOUR circles with a radius 30 mm each with the help of a circle. Pay attention to the fact that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
From left to right, the constructed circles are alternately divided by previously studied methodsinto 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Auxiliary to build a line to save.
As a result of the work done, four regular polygons inscribed in circles should be obtained.

7th grade

GRAPHIC WORK ON DRAWING

"Dividing a circle into equal parts" Task:

ON HORIZONTAL on the located sheet of the notebook in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.

The line type is a dash-dotted thin line.

Start the construction of circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
Build FOUR circles with a radius 30 mm each with the help of a circle. Pay attention to the fact that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
From left to right, the constructed circles are alternately divided by previously studied methodsinto 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Auxiliary to build a line to save.
As a result of the work done, four regular polygons inscribed in circles should be obtained.

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DRAWING - 7 CLASS

_________________________________________

Graphic work on the topic “Drawing lines.

Working with drawing tools.

Draw a square with a side of 15 cm in a workbook on a separate sheet.
Divide the square with a diagonal drawn from the lower left corner.
In the areas resulting from the division, perform the following constructions:

A) in one area, draw horizontal lines with an interval of 1 cm.

B) in another area, draw vertical lines with an interval of 0.5 cm.

_______________________________________________________________

Test work on the topic "Drawing" subject. Blueprints"

What does the subject "Drafting" study?
What is a drawing?
List the drawing tools used in drawing lessons at school.
List the areas of industry where drawings are used.
What can be determined from the product drawing by “reading” it?

When answering questions, do not rewrite the question itself.

You need to write its serial number and answer

Above the square, draw an isosceles trapezoid with bases 120 mm (lower) and 70 mm (upper). The height of the trapezoid is 50 mm.

Place a rectangle under the square with sides 140 mm and 50 mm.

Divide the rectangle diagonally into four parts.

_________________________________________________________

Work must be done accurately and accurately

trying to draw all the lines of the same thickness.

_______________________________________________________________

Reading the drawing consists in presenting the three-dimensional shape of the object from flat images and determining its dimensions. This work is recommended to be carried out in the following sequence:

Read the title block of the drawing. From it you can find out the name of the part, the name of the material from which it is made, the scale of images and other information.

Determine which types of parts are given in the drawing, which of them is the main one.
Consider the views in relation to each other and try to determine the shape of the part with all the details. This task is helped by the analysis of images, data in the drawing. Having presented the geometric shape of each part of the part according to the drawing, they mentally combine them into a single whole.
Determine the dimensions of the part and its elements from the drawing. Let's give an example of reading a drawing of a part (first, questions are given to the drawing, and then answers to them).

Questions for the drawing (Fig. 143. Questions are drawn up in the sequence corresponding to correct order reading drawings)

What is the name of the item?
What material is it made from?
What scale is the drawing made on?
What views does the drawing contain?
Describe the general shape of the part.
What are equal dimensions details and dimensions of individual parts?

Rice. 143. Detail drawing

Answers to questions for the drawing (see Fig. 143).

Read the drawing in Figure 145.

Rice. 145. Task for exercises

Questions for the drawing

What is the name of the item?
What material is it made from?
What are the views on the drawing?
The combination of what geometric bodies determines the shape of the part?
What elements of the part are shown in the main view by two circles with a diameter of 10?
Which elements are depicted by circles with a diameter of 18 and why are they drawn in the main view with dashed lines?
What are the dimensions of the part?

Practical work No. 7. 1. Oral reading of drawings

Read, on the instructions of the teacher, one of the drawings in Figure 146. Write down the answers to the questions in your notebook.

Rice. 146. Tasks for practical work № 7

Questions for reading drawings

What is the name of the item? What material is it made from?
What is the scale on the drawing?
What images convey the shape of the part?
The combination of what geometric bodies formed its shape?
Describe the shape of the part.
What are the overall dimensions? What is the size of the geometric bodies that form the shape of the part?

2. Solving fun problems

Rice. 148. Tasks for exercises

Graphic work No. 8. Drawing an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object)

Rice. 151. Tasks for graphic work No. 8

Instructions for work. Tasks 1-4, as preparatory, complete in the workbook, task 5, as the main one, on an A4 sheet. Perform images while maintaining the proportions of the subject; do not size.

Graphic work№1

Drawing fonts

Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Drawing fonts"

Efremovskaya average comprehensive school

Educational area Technology

Subject Drawing

Graphic works

Fulfilled

Full name of the student

checked

Name of the teacher

2013-2014 academic year

Graphic work№2

Dividing a circle into equal parts

Purpose: to test the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Dividing a circle into equal parts"

I-variant - into 3 parts

II-variant - for 5 parts

ІІІ-variant - for 6 parts

ІY-version - for 8 parts

Graphic work№ 5

Target

I-variant

Roller Steel 45

Graphic work№ 5

Drawing of parts with sections

II-variant

Target : check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"

Pin Steel 50

Graphic work№ 5

Drawing of parts with sections

III-variant

Target: check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"

Run a sketch of the detail on a sheet of A4 paper according to a visual image. Identify the transverse shape of the part section. Label it if needed. Apply dimensions.

Roller Steel 45

Graphic work№ 5

Drawing of parts with sections

ІY-variant

Target : check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic "Sections"

Run a sketch of the detail on a sheet of A4 paper according to a visual image. Identify the transverse shape of the part section. Label it if needed. Apply dimensions.

Axle Steel St.5