Mariupol plant geyser vpg 23 2. Apparatuses water-heating flowing household gas. Radiator clogged with soot

27.03.2020

Geysers Neva 3208 (and similar models without automatic water temperature control L-3, VPG-18 \ 20, VPG-23, Neva 3210, Neva 3212, Neva 3216, Darina 3010) are often found in houses without centralized hot water supply. This column has simple design and therefore very reliable. But sometimes she surprises too. Today we will tell you what to do if the pressure of hot water suddenly becomes too weak.

Geyser Neva 3208, or more precisely, a wall-mounted flowing gas water heater is a device for producing hot water due to the energy of natural gas combustion. The geyser is an unpretentious and easy-to-use thing. Of course, according to the idea of public utilities, centralized hot water supply is more convenient, but in practice it is still unknown which is better. Hot water from the pipe comes either rusty or barely warm, and the payment bites. And about the notorious summer shutdowns, during which the owners of gas water heaters listen with a smile to stories about heating water in a basin on the stove, and it’s not worth mentioning.

Troubleshooting

So, one morning the column turned on properly, but the water pressure from the hot water tap in the bath seemed too weak. And when you turn on the shower, the column went out completely. Meanwhile, the cold water was still flowing briskly. Suspicion first fell on the mixer, but the same situation was found in the kitchen. There is no doubt - it's in the gas column. The old Neva 3208 brought a surprise.

Attempts to call the master for repairs ended, in fact, in failure. All the masters directly by phone “diagnosed” in absentia that heat exchanger clogged with scale and offered to either replace it (2500-3000 rubles for a new one, 1500 rubles for a repaired one, not counting the cost of work), or wash it on the spot (700-1000 rubles). And only on such conditions did they agree to visit. But it didn't look like a clogged heat exchanger at all. The night before, the pressure was normal and the scale could not build up overnight. Therefore, it was decided to carry out repairs on their own. By the way, it is also possible to carry out repairs if the column does not turn on at normal pressure - most likely it has broken membrane in the water unit and needs to be replaced.

Gas column repair

The Neva 3208 geyser is installed on the wall of the kitchen or, less often, the bathroom.

Before starting repairs, turn off the column, turn off the gas supply and cold water.

To remove the shroud, you must first remove the round flame control knob. It is fixed on the rod with a spring and removed by simply pulling it towards you, there are no fasteners. valve button gas security and the plastic pad stays in place, they don't get in the way. After removing the handle, access to the two fixing screws is revealed.

In addition to the screws, the casing is held on by four pins located at the top and bottom in the back. After loosening the screws Bottom part the casing is pulled forward by 4-5 cm (lower pins are released) and the whole casing goes down (upper pins are released). Before us internal organization gas column.

Our problem is at the bottom, the so-called "water" part of the column. Sometimes this part is called the "frog". In function water node includes turning the column on and off depending on the presence or absence of water flow. The principle of operation is based on the properties of the Venturi nozzle.

The water unit is fastened with two union nuts to the water supply pipes and with three screws to the gas part.

But before removing the water unit, you need to take care of the water in the column. In extreme cases, a wide basin can be placed under the column during disassembly. But you can more accurately drain the water through plug located below the water node.

To do this, unscrew the plug and open any hot water tap after the column for air access. It pours out about half a liter of water.

By the way, through this plug, you can try to flush the blockage without removing the water unit. It's done reverse current water. With the plug removed (do not forget to substitute a bucket or basin), both taps are opened in the faucet in the kitchen or in the bathroom and the spout is clamped. Cold water will flow back through the hot water pipes and maybe push the blockage out.

After draining the water, the water unit can be removed without fear. We unscrew the union nuts, take the tubes a little to the sides, loosen the three screws on the gas part and take the assembly down.

By the way, under the left nut in the recess of the water unit is filter in the form of a piece of brass mesh. It needs to be pulled out with a needle and cleaned well. When I removed this filter, it crumbled into pieces from old age. Considering that in the apartment after the riser there is already a pre-filter, and the pipes are metal-plastic, it was decided not to bother with the new one. If the pipes are steel or there is no filter on the riser, then the filter at the inlet to the water unit must be left, otherwise the column will have to be cleaned almost monthly. A new filter can be made from a piece copper or brass grids.

The water unit cover is held in place with eight screws. In older designs, the case was silumin, and the screws were steel; it was often very difficult to unscrew them. In Neva 3208, the body and screws are brass. After removing the cover, you can see membrane.

In older models, the membrane was rubber flat, so it worked in tension and tore rather quickly. Replacing the membrane once every one or two years was a common operation. In Neva 3208, the membrane is silicone and profiled. It almost does not stretch during operation and lasts much longer. But in case of problems, replacing the membrane is quite simple, the main thing is to find a high-quality silicone one. And, finally, under the membrane - the cavity of the water node.

It contained a few small bugs. But the main problem was right output channel. A narrow nozzle (about 3 mm) is located there, which creates a pressure drop for the operation of the water unit. It was it that was almost completely blocked by a very firmly stuck flake of rust. It is better to clean the nozzle with a wooden stick or a piece of copper wire so as not to spoil the diameter.

Now all that's left is to put it back together. Here, too, there are subtleties. The membrane is first installed in the cover of the water assembly. At the same time, it is important not to put it upside down and not block the fitting connecting the halves of the water unit (arrow in the photo)

Now all eight screws are installed in their places, they are held by the elasticity of the edges of the holes in the membrane.

The cover is installed on the case (do not confuse - which side, see the correct position in the photo) and the screws carefully, 1-2 turns alternately are wrapped crosswise, avoiding the skew of the lid. This assembly allows not to deform or tear the membrane.

After that, the water unit is installed in the gas part and slightly fixed with screws. The screws are finally tightened after the water pipes are connected. Then water is supplied and the connections are checked for leaks. It is not necessary to be zealous with tightening the nuts, if a slight tightening does not help, then it is required replacement gaskets. They can be bought or made independently from sheet rubber 2-3 mm thick.

It remains to put the casing in place. It is better to do this together, because it is very difficult to get on the pins almost blindly.

That's all! Repair took 15 minutes and was completely free. The video shows the same thing more clearly.

Comments

#63 Yuri Makarov 22.09.2017 11:43

Quoting Dmitry:

In the name of columns produced in Russia, the letters VPG are often present: this is a water-heating (V) flow-through (P) gas (G) apparatus. The number after the letters VPG indicates the thermal power of the device in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water heater with a heat output of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not define their design.

Water heater VPG-23 was created on the basis of water heater HSV-18, produced in Leningrad. In the future, VPG-23 was produced in the 90s at a number of enterprises in the USSR, and then - SIG. A number of such devices are in operation. Separate nodes, for example, the water part, are used in some models of modern Neva columns.

Main technical characteristics of HSV-23:

thermal power- 23 kW;
productivity when heated to 45 ° C - 6 l / min;
minimum water pressure - 0.5 bar:
maximum water pressure - 6 bar.

VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a main burner, a block valve and an electromagnetic valve (Fig. 74).

The gas outlet is used to supply combustion products to the flue pipe of the column. The heat exchanger consists of a heater and a fire chamber surrounded by a cold water coil. The height of the VPG-23 fire chamber is less than that of the KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of HSV columns have a heat exchanger consisting of a single heater. The walls of the fire chamber in this case were made of steel sheet, there was no coil, which made it possible to save copper. The main burner is multi-nozzle, it consists of 13 sections and a manifold connected to each other by two screws. Sections are assembled into a single whole with the help of coupling bolts. There are 13 nozzles installed in the collector, each of which pours gas into its own section.

The block valve consists of gas and water parts connected by three screws (Fig. 75). The gas part of the block valve consists of a body, a valve, a valve plug, a gas valve cover. A conical insert for the gas valve plug is pressed into the body. The valve has a rubber seal on the outer diameter. A conical spring presses on top of it. The seat of the safety valve is made in the form of a brass insert pressed into the body of the gas section. The gas cock has a handle with a limiter that fixes the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The faucet plug is pressed against the conical liner by a large spring.

The valve plug has a recess for supplying gas to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position at an angle of 40 °, the groove coincides with the gas supply hole, and the gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, the valve handle must be pressed and turned further.

The water part consists of the bottom and top caps, Venturi nozzle, diaphragm, poppet with stem, retarder, stem seal and stem clamp. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the submembrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply system. Having created pressure under the membrane, water passes through the Venturi nozzle and rushes to the heat exchanger. The Venturi nozzle is a brass tube with four through holes in its narrowest part that open into an outer circular groove. The undercut coincides with the through holes that are in both covers of the water part. Through these holes, pressure from the narrowest part of the Venturi nozzle will be transferred to the supra-membrane space. The poppet stem is sealed with a nut that compresses the PTFE gland.

The automatic water flow works as follows. With the passage of water through the Venturi nozzle in the narrowest part, the highest speed of movement of water and, therefore, the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through the through holes to the supra-membrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a pressure difference appears under and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the stem. The stem of the water part, resting against the stem of the gas part, lifts the valve from the seat. As a result, the gas passage to the main burner opens. When the water flow stops, the pressure under and above the membrane equalizes. The conical spring presses on the valve and presses it against the seat, the gas supply to the main burner stops.

The solenoid valve (Fig. 76) serves to turn off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.

When the solenoid valve button is pressed, its stem rests against the valve and moves it away from the seat, while compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. At the same time, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block valve. After ignition of the igniter, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is installed in a strictly defined position with respect to the igniter (Fig. 77).

The voltage generated during the heating of the thermocouple is supplied to the winding of the core of the electromagnet. In this case, the core holds the anchor, and with it the valve, in the open position. The time during which the thermocouple generates the necessary thermo-EMF and the electromagnetic valve begins to hold the armature is about 60 seconds. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops generating voltage. The core no longer holds the anchor, under the action of the spring the valve closes. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is stopped.

Draft automation turns off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter in case of violation of draft in the chimney, it works on the principle of "gas removal from the igniter". Traction automation consists of a tee, which is attached to the gas part of the block valve, a tube to the draft sensor and the sensor itself.

Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The thrust sensor (Fig. 78) consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting, reinforced with two nuts. The top nut is also a seat for a plug that shuts off the gas outlet from the fitting. A tube supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.

With normal draft, the combustion products go into the chimney without heating the bimetallic plate. The plug is tightly pressed against the seat, the gas does not come out of the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disturbed, the combustion products heat up the bimetallic plate. It bends up and opens the gas outlet from the fitting. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, the flame ceases to heat the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops producing voltage. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.

Repair and service

The main malfunctions of the HSV-23 column include:

1. The main burner does not light up:

little water pressure;
deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
clogged venturi nozzle - clean the nozzle;
the stem came off the plate - replace the stem with the plate;
skew of the gas part in relation to the water part - align with three screws;
the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the tightness of the nut. If the nut is loosened more than necessary, water may leak from under the stuffing box.

2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:

dirt has got under the safety valve - clean the seat and valve;
weakened cone spring - replace the spring;
the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the tightness of the nut. In the presence of an igniter flame, the solenoid valve is not held in the open position:

3. Violation of the electrical circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet (open or short circuit). The following reasons are possible:

lack of contact between the terminals of the thermocouple and the electromagnet - clean the terminals with sandpaper;
isolation breach copper wire thermocouple and short circuit it with the tube - in this case, the thermocouple is replaced;
violation of the insulation of the turns of the electromagnet coil, shorting them to each other or to the core - in this case, the valve is replaced;
violation of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease, etc. It is necessary to clean the surfaces with a piece of coarse cloth. Cleaning of surfaces with needle files, sandpaper, etc. is not allowed.

4. Insufficient heating of the thermocouple:

the working end of the thermocouple is smoky - remove soot from the hot junction of the thermocouple;
the igniter nozzle is clogged - clean the nozzle;
the thermocouple is incorrectly set relative to the igniter - install the thermocouple relative to the igniter so as to provide sufficient heating.

Voted Thanks!

You may be interested in:

The VPG-23 water heater was created on the basis of the VPG-18 water heater, produced in Leningrad. In the future, VPG-23 was produced in the 90s at a number of enterprises in the USSR, and then - SIG. A number of such devices are in operation. Separate nodes, for example, the water part, are used in some models of modern Neva columns.

Main technical characteristics of HSV-23:

thermal power - 23 kW;
productivity when heated to 45 ° C - 6 l / min;
minimum water pressure - 0.5 bar:
maximum water pressure - 6 bar.

VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a main burner, a block valve and an electromagnetic valve (Fig. 74).

The solenoid valve (Fig. 76) serves to turn off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.

Repair and service

The main malfunctions of the HSV-23 column include:

1. The main burner does not light up:

little water pressure;
deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
clogged venturi nozzle - clean the nozzle;
the stem came off the plate - replace the stem with the plate;
skew of the gas part in relation to the water part - align with three screws;
the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the tightness of the nut. If the nut is loosened more than necessary, water may leak from under the stuffing box.

2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:

dirt has got under the safety valve - clean the seat and valve;
weakened cone spring - replace the spring;
the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the tightness of the nut. In the presence of an igniter flame, the solenoid valve is not held in the open position:

3. Violation of the electrical circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet (open or short circuit). The following reasons are possible:

lack of contact between the terminals of the thermocouple and the electromagnet - clean the terminals with sandpaper;
violation of the insulation of the copper wire of the thermocouple and its short circuit with the tube - in this case, the thermocouple is replaced;
violation of the insulation of the turns of the electromagnet coil, shorting them to each other or to the core - in this case, the valve is replaced;
violation of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease, etc. It is necessary to clean the surfaces with a piece of coarse cloth. Cleaning of surfaces with needle files, sandpaper, etc. is not allowed.

4. Insufficient heating of the thermocouple:

the working end of the thermocouple is smoky - remove soot from the hot junction of the thermocouple;
the igniter nozzle is clogged - clean the nozzle;
the thermocouple is incorrectly set relative to the igniter - install the thermocouple relative to the igniter so as to provide sufficient heating.

The main components of a flowing water heater (Fig. 12.3) are: a gas burner, a heat exchanger, an automation system and a gas outlet.

Gas low pressure fed into the injection burner 8 . The combustion products pass through the heat exchanger and are discharged into the chimney. The heat of the combustion products is transferred to the water flowing through the heat exchanger. A coil is used to cool the fire chamber. 10 , through which water circulates passing through the heater.

Gas instantaneous water heaters are equipped with gas venting devices and draft breakers, which, in the event of a short-term traction disturbance, prevent the flame from extinguishing

gas burner device. There is a flue pipe for connection to the chimney.

Flowing water heaters designed to receive hot water where it is not possible to provide it in a centralized manner (from a boiler house or a heating plant), and belong to devices of immediate action.

Rice. 12.3. Schematic diagram of instantaneous water heater:

1 – reflector; 2 – top cap; 3 – bottom cap; 4 – heater; 5 – igniter; 6 – casing; 7 – block crane; 8 – burner; 9 – fire chamber; 10 – coil

The devices are equipped with gas exhaust devices and draft breakers, which prevent the extinguishing of the flame of the gas burner device in the event of a short-term violation of draft. To join smoke channel there is a smoke outlet.

According to the rated thermal load, the devices are divided into:

With a rated thermal load of 20934 W;

With a rated thermal load of 29075 W.

The domestic industry mass-produces water-heating flow gas household appliances VPG-20-1-3-P and VPG-23-1-3-P. Technical specifications of these water heaters is given in table. 12.2. Currently, new types of water heaters are being developed, but their design is close to the current ones.

All the main elements of the device are mounted in an enameled casing of a rectangular shape.

The front and side walls of the casing are removable, which creates convenient and easy access to the internal components of the device for routine inspections and repairs without removing the device from the wall.

Use water heaters gas appliances HSV type design, which is shown in Fig. 12.4.

On the front wall of the casing of the device there is a gas cock control knob, a button for turning on the solenoid valve and a viewing window for observing the flame of the pilot and main burners. On top of the apparatus there is a gas exhaust device that serves to discharge combustion products into the chimney, on the bottom there are branch pipes for connecting the apparatus to gas and water networks.

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Instantaneous water heater VPG-23

1. Unconventional look on ecological and economiccal problems of the gas industry

It is known that Russia is the richest country in the world in terms of gas reserves.

From an environmental point of view, natural gas is the cleanest type of mineral fuel. When burned, it produces a significantly smaller amount of harmful substances compared to other types of fuel.

However, the burning of a huge amount of various kinds fuel, including natural gas, over the past 40 years has led to a marked increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which, like methane, is a greenhouse gas. Most scientists consider this circumstance to be the cause of the currently observed climate warming.

This problem alarmed public circles and many statesmen after the publication in Copenhagen of the book "Our Common Future", prepared by the UN Commission. It reported that climate warming could cause the melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctica, which would lead to a rise in the level of the World Ocean by several meters, flooding island states and permanent coasts of the continents, which will be accompanied by economic and social upheavals. To avoid them, it is necessary to sharply reduce the use of all hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas. International conferences were convened on this issue, intergovernmental agreements were adopted. Atomic scientists of all countries began to exalt the advantages of atomic energy, which is destructive for mankind, the use of which is not accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide.

Meanwhile, the alarm was in vain. The erroneousness of many forecasts given in the mentioned book is connected with the absence of natural scientists in the UN Commission.

However, the issue of sea level rise has been carefully studied and discussed at many international conferences. It revealed. That in connection with the warming of the climate and the melting of ice, this level is really rising, but at a rate not exceeding 0.8 mm per year. In December 1997, at a conference in Kyoto, this figure was refined and turned out to be 0.6 mm. This means that in 10 years the ocean level will rise by 6 mm, and in a century by 6 cm. Of course, this figure should scare no one.

In addition, it turned out that the vertical tectonic movement of coastlines exceeds this value by an order of magnitude and reaches one, and in some places even two centimeters per year. Therefore, despite the rise in the 2nd level of the World Ocean, the Sea in many places becomes shallow and recedes (north Baltic Sea, the coast of Alaska and Canada, the coast of Chile).

Meanwhile, global warming may have a number of positive consequences, especially for Russia. First of all, this process will increase the evaporation of water from the surface of the seas and oceans, whose area is 320 million km2. 2 The climate will become more humid. The droughts in the Lower Volga region and in the Caucasus will be reduced and may be stopped. The border of agriculture will begin to slowly move northward. Navigation along the Northern Sea Route will be greatly facilitated.

Reduce winter heating costs.

Finally, it must be remembered that carbon dioxide is food for all terrestrial plants. It is by processing it and releasing oxygen that they create primary organic substances. Back in 1927, V.I. Vernadsky pointed out that green plants could process and convert into organic substances much more carbon dioxide than its modern atmosphere can give. Therefore, he recommended the use of carbon dioxide as a fertilizer.

Subsequent experiments in phytotrons confirmed V.I. Vernadsky. When grown under conditions of twice the amount of carbon dioxide, almost all cultivated plants grew faster, fruited 6-8 days earlier and yielded 20-30% more than in control experiments with its usual content.

Consequently, agriculture is interested in enriching the atmosphere with carbon dioxide by burning hydrocarbon fuels.

It is useful to increase its content in the atmosphere and for more southern countries. Judging by paleographic data, 6-8 thousand years ago during the so-called Holocene climatic optimum, when the average annual temperature at the latitude of Moscow was 2C higher than the present one in Central Asia, there was a lot of water and no deserts. Zeravshan flowed into the Amu Darya, r. The Chu flowed into the Syr Darya, the level of the Aral Sea stood at around +72 m, and the connected Central Asian rivers flowed through present-day Turkmenistan into the sagging depression of the South Caspian. The sands of Kyzylkum and Karakum are river alluvium of the recent past, scattered later.

And the Sahara, whose area is 6 million km 2, was also at that time not a desert, but a savannah with numerous herds of herbivores, deep rivers and settlements of Neolithic man on the banks.

Thus, the combustion of natural gas is not only economically 3 profitable, but also quite justified from an environmental point of view, since it contributes to climate warming and humidification. Another question arises: should we conserve and save natural gas for our descendants? For a correct answer to this question, it should be taken into account that scientists are on the verge of mastering the energy of nuclear fusion, which is even more powerful than the energy of nuclear decay used, but does not produce radioactive waste and therefore, in principle, is more acceptable. According to American magazines, this will happen already in the first years of the coming millennium.

They are probably wrong about such short terms. Nevertheless, the possibility of the emergence of such an alternative environmentally friendly type of energy in the near future is obvious, which cannot be ignored when developing a long-term concept for the development of the gas industry.

Techniques and methods of ecological-hydrogeological and hydrological studies of natural-technogenic systems in the areas of gas and gas condensate fields.

In ecological, hydrogeological and hydrological studies, it is urgent to solve the issue of finding effective and economical methods for studying the state and predicting technogenic processes in order to: develop a strategic concept for production management that ensures the normal state of ecosystems; develop tactics for solving a set of engineering problems that contribute to the rational use of field resources; implementation of a flexible and efficient environmental policy.

Ecological-hydrogeological and hydrological studies are based on monitoring data, which has been developed to date from the main fundamental positions. However, the task of continuous optimization of monitoring remains. The most vulnerable part of monitoring is its analytical and instrumental base. In this connection, it is necessary: unification of analysis methods and modern laboratory equipment, which would allow economically, quickly, with great accuracy to perform analytical work; creation of a single document for the gas industry that regulates the entire range of analytical work.

The methodological methods of ecological, hydrogeological and hydrological research in the areas of the gas industry are overwhelmingly common, which is determined by the uniformity of the sources of anthropogenic impact, the composition of the components that experience anthropogenic impact, and 4 indicators of anthropogenic impact.

Features natural conditions areas of fields, for example, landscape-climatic (arid, humid, etc., shelf, continent, etc.), due to differences in nature, and with the unity of nature, in the degree of intensity of the technogenic impact of gas industry facilities on natural environments. Thus, in fresh groundwater in humid areas, the concentration of pollutant components coming with industrial waste often increases. In arid areas, due to the dilution of mineralized (typical of these areas) groundwater with fresh or low-mineralized industrial effluents, the concentration of pollutant components in them decreases.

Particular attention to groundwater when considering environmental problems follows from the concept of groundwater as a geological body, namely, groundwater is a natural system that characterizes the unity and interdependence of chemical and dynamic properties determined by the geochemical and structural features of groundwater, containing (rocks) and surrounding ( atmosphere, biosphere, etc.) environments.

Hence the multifaceted complexity of ecological and hydrogeological studies, which consists in the simultaneous study of the technogenic impact on groundwater, the atmosphere, the surface hydrosphere, the lithosphere (rocks of the aeration zone and water-bearing rocks), soils, the biosphere, in determining the hydrogeochemical, hydrogeodynamic and thermodynamic indicators of technogenic changes, in the study mineral organic and organic components of the hydrosphere and lithosphere, in the application of natural and experimental methods.

Both surface (mining, processing and related facilities) and underground (deposits, production and injection wells) sources of technogenic impact are subject to study.

Ecological-hydrogeological and hydrological studies make it possible to detect and evaluate almost all possible technogenic changes in natural and natural-technogenic environments in the areas where gas industry enterprises operate. For this, a serious knowledge base about the geological-hydrogeological and landscape-climatic conditions prevailing in these territories, and a theoretical justification for the spread of technogenic processes, are mandatory.

Any technogenic impact on the environment is assessed against the background of the environment. It is necessary to distinguish between the background natural, natural-technogenic, technogenic. The natural background for any indicator under consideration is represented by a value (values) formed in natural conditions, natural and technogenic - in 5 conditions experiencing (experienced) technogenic loads from outsiders, not monitored in this particular case, objects, technogenic - under the influence of side of the monitored (studied) man-made object in this particular case. The technogenic background is used for a comparative spatio-temporal assessment of changes in the steppe of the technogenic impact on the Environment during the periods of operation of the monitored object. This is an obligatory part of monitoring, providing flexibility in the management of technogenic processes and timely implementation of environmental measures.

With the help of natural and natural-technogenic background, an anomalous state of the studied media is detected and areas characterized by its different intensity are established. The anomalous state is fixed by the excess of the actual (measured) values and the studied indicator over its background values (Cact>Cbackground).

A technogenic object that causes the occurrence of technogenic anomalies is established by comparing the actual values of the studied indicator with the values in the sources of technogenic influence belonging to the monitored object.

2. EcologicalOther benefits of natural gas

There are issues related to the environment that have prompted much research and discussion on an international scale: issues of population growth, conservation of resources, biodiversity, climate change. The last question is most directly related to the energy sector of the 1990s.

The need for detailed study and policy development on an international scale led to the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the conclusion of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) through the UN. Currently, the UNFCCC has been ratified by more than 130 countries that have acceded to the Convention. The first Conference of the Parties (COP-1) was held in Berlin in 1995, and the second (COP-2) was held in Geneva in 1996. COP-2 approved the IPCC report, which stated that there was already real evidence that that human activity is responsible for climate change and the effect of "global warming".

While there are opinions that oppose that of the IPCC, such as the European Science and Environment Forum, the work of the IPCC in 6 is now accepted as an authoritative basis for policy makers and it is unlikely that the push from the UNFCCC will not further development. Gases. most important, i.e. those whose concentrations have increased significantly since the start of industrial activity are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitric oxide (N2O). In addition, although their levels in the atmosphere are still low, the continuing increase in the concentrations of perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride makes it necessary to touch them too. All of these gases should be included in national inventories submitted under the UNFCCC.

The effect of increasing gas concentrations, which causes the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, was modeled by the IPCC under various scenarios. These modeling studies have shown systematic global changes climate since the 19th century. IPCC is waiting. that between 1990 and 2100 the average air temperature for earth's surface will increase by 1.0-3.5 C. and sea levels will rise by 15-95 cm. More severe droughts and/or floods are expected in some places, while they will be less severe in other places. Forests are expected to die, which will further change the sequestration and release of carbon on land.

The expected temperature change will be too fast for individual animal and plant species to adjust. and some decline in biodiversity is expected.

Sources of carbon dioxide can be quantified with reasonable certainty. One of the most significant sources of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is the combustion of fossil fuels.

Natural gas produces less CO2 per unit of energy. supplied to the consumer. than other fossil fuels. In comparison, methane sources are more difficult to quantify.

Globally, fossil fuel sources are estimated to contribute about 27% of annual anthropogenic methane emissions to the atmosphere (19% of total emissions, anthropogenic and natural). The uncertainty intervals for these other sources are very large. For example. emissions from landfills are currently estimated at 10% of anthropogenic emissions, but they could be twice as high.

The global gas industry has been studying the development of scientific understanding of climate change and related policies for many years, and has engaged in discussions with renowned scientists working in the field. The International Gas Union, Eurogas, national organizations and individual companies participated in the collection of relevant data and information and thus contributed to these discussions. While there are still many uncertainties about accurately assessing the potential future impact of greenhouse gases, it is appropriate to apply the precautionary principle and ensure that cost-effective emission reduction measures are implemented as soon as possible. For example, emission inventories and mitigation technology discussions have helped focus attention on the most appropriate measures to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the UNFCCC. Switching to industrial fuels with lower carbon yields, such as natural gas, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions at a reasonable cost-effectiveness, and such transitions are being made in many regions.

The exploration of natural gas instead of other fossil fuels is economically attractive and can make an important contribution to meeting the commitments made by individual countries under the UNFCCC. It is a fuel that has minimal environmental impact compared to other fossil fuels. Switching from fossil coal to natural gas, while maintaining the same ratio of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, would reduce emissions by 40%. In 1994

The IGU Special Commission on the Environment, in a report at the World Gas Conference (1994), turned to the study of climate change and showed that natural gas can make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy supply and energy consumption, providing the same level of convenience technical indicators and reliability that will be required from the energy supply in the future. The Eurogas brochure "Natural Gas - Cleaner Energy for a Cleaner Europe" demonstrates the protection benefits of using natural gas environment, when considering issues from local to 8 global levels.

Although natural gas has advantages, it is still important to optimize its use. Gas industry supported technology improvement efficiency programs complemented by the development of environmental management, which further strengthened the environmental case for gas as an efficient fuel that contributes to environmental protection in the future.

Carbon dioxide emissions worldwide are responsible for about 65% of global warming. the globe. Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 accumulated by plants many millions of years ago and increases its concentration in the atmosphere above natural levels.

The burning of fossil fuels is responsible for 75-90% of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the most recent data provided by the IPCC, the relative contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the amplification of the greenhouse effect is estimated by the data.

Natural gas generates less CO2 for the same supply of energy than coal or oil because it contains more hydrogen to carbon than other fuels. Due to its chemical structure, the gas produces 40% less carbon dioxide than anthracite.

Emissions to the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels depend not only on the type of fuel, but on how efficiently it is used. Gaseous fuels typically burn more easily and more efficiently than coal or oil. Waste heat recovery from flue gases is also easier in the case of natural gas, since the flue gas is not contaminated with solid particles or aggressive sulfur compounds. Thanks to chemical composition ease and efficiency of use, natural gas can make a significant contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by replacing fossil fuels.

3. Water heater VPG-23-1-3-P

gas appliance thermal water supply

Gas appliance using thermal energy obtained by burning gas for heating running water for hot water supply.

Deciphering the instantaneous water heater VPG 23-1-3-P: VPG-23 V-water heater P - flow G - gas 23 - thermal power 23,000 kcal / h. At the beginning of the 70s, the domestic industry mastered the production of unified water-heating flow-through household appliances, which received the HSV index. Currently, water heaters of this series are produced by gas equipment factories located in St. Petersburg, Volgograd and Lvov. These devices belong to automatic devices and are designed to heat water for the needs of local household supply of the population and household consumers. hot water. Water heaters are adapted for successful operation in conditions of simultaneous multi-point water intake.

A number of significant changes and additions have been made to the design of the instantaneous water heater VPG-23-1-3-P in comparison with the previously produced water heater L-3, which, on the one hand, improved the reliability of the device and ensured an increase in the level of safety of its operation, in in particular, to resolve the issue of turning off the gas supply to the main burner in case of violations of draft in the chimney, etc. but, on the other hand, led to a decrease in the reliability of the water heater as a whole and the complication of the process of its maintenance.

The body of the water heater has acquired a rectangular, not very elegant shape. The design of the heat exchanger has been improved, the main burner of the water heater has been radically changed, respectively - the ignition burner.

A new element has been introduced, which was not previously used in instantaneous water heaters - an electromagnetic valve (EMC); a draft sensor is installed under the gas outlet device (hood).

For many years, as the most common means for quickly obtaining hot water in the presence of a water supply system, gas flow-through water heaters manufactured in accordance with the requirements have been used, equipped with gas exhaust devices and draft breakers, which, in the event of a short-term violation of draft, prevent the flame of the gas burner from extinguishing, for connection to the smoke channel there is flue pipe.

Device device

1. The wall-mounted apparatus has rectangular shape formed by a removable lining.

2. All main elements are mounted on the frame.

3. On the front side of the apparatus there is a gas cock control knob, a solenoid valve switch button (EMC), a viewing window, a window for ignition and monitoring the flame of the pilot and main burners, and a draft control window.

· At the top of the device there is a branch pipe for the removal of combustion products into the chimney. Below - branch pipes for connecting the device to the gas and water mains: For gas supply; For supplying cold water; For discharging hot water.

4. The device consists of a combustion chamber, which includes a frame, a gas exhaust device, a heat exchanger, a water-gas burner unit, consisting of two pilot and main burners, a tee, a gas cock, 12 water regulators, and an electromagnetic valve (EMC).

On the left side of the gas part of the water and gas burner block, a tee is attached using a clamping nut, through which gas enters the pilot burner and, in addition, is supplied through a special connecting pipe under the draft sensor valve; that, in turn, is attached to the body of the apparatus under the gas outlet device (cap). The draft sensor is an elementary design, it consists of a bimetallic plate and a fitting on which two nuts are mounted that perform connecting functions, and the upper nut is also a seat for a small valve attached in a suspended state to the end of the bimetallic plate.

The minimum thrust required for the normal operation of the apparatus should be 0.2 mm of water. Art. If the draft has fallen below the specified limit, the exhaust products of combustion, which are not able to completely escape into the atmosphere through the chimney, begin to enter the kitchen, heating the bimetallic plate of the draft sensor, located in a narrow passage on their way out from under the hood. When heated, the bimetallic plate gradually bends, since the coefficient of linear expansion during heating at the lower metal layer is greater than that of the upper one, its free end rises, the valve moves away from the seat, which entails depressurization of the tube connecting the tee and the thrust sensor. Due to the fact that the gas supply to the tee is limited by the flow area in the gas part of the water-gas burner unit, which occupies much less than the area of the thrust sensor valve seat, the gas pressure in it immediately drops. The igniter flame, not receiving sufficient power, falls off. The cooling of the thermocouple junction causes the solenoid valve to actuate after a maximum of 60 seconds. The electromagnet, left without electric current, loses its magnetic properties and releases the armature of the upper valve, not having the strength to keep it in a position attracted to the core. Under the influence of a spring, a plate equipped with a rubber seal fits snugly against the seat, while blocking the through passage for the gas that previously entered the main and pilot burners.

Rules for using instantaneous water heater.

1) Before turning on the water heater, make sure that there is no smell of gas, slightly open the window and release the undercut at the bottom of the door for air flow.

2) The flame of a lit match check the draft in the chimney, if there is draft, turn on the column according to the instruction manual.

3) 3-5 minutes after turning on the device re-check for traction.

4) Don't allow use the water heater for children under 14 years of age and persons who have not received special instructions.

Use gas water heaters only if there is draft in the chimney and ventilation duct. instantaneous water heaters. Flowing gas water heaters must be stored indoors, protected from atmospheric and other harmful influences.

When storing the apparatus for more than 12 months, the latter must be subjected to conservation.

The openings of the inlet and outlet pipes must be closed with plugs or plugs.

Every 6 months of storage, the device must be subjected to a technical inspection.

How the machine works

b Switching on the apparatus 14 To switch on the apparatus, it is necessary to: Check the presence of draft by bringing a lighted match or a strip of paper to the draft control window; Open the common valve on the gas pipeline in front of the apparatus; Open the faucet water pipe in front of the device Turn the gas cock handle clockwise until it stops; Press the button of the solenoid valve and bring a lit match through the viewing window in the lining of the apparatus. In this case, the flame of the pilot burner should light up; Release the button of the solenoid valve, after turning it on (after 10-60 seconds), while the flame of the pilot burner should not go out; Open the gas cock to the main burner by pressing the gas cock handle in the axial direction and turning it to the right as far as it will go.

b At the same time, the pilot burner continues to burn, but the main burner does not yet ignite; Open the hot water valve, the flame of the main burner should flash. The degree of water heating is adjusted by the amount of water flow, or by turning the gas valve handle from left to right from 1 to 3 divisions.

b Turn off the machine. At the end of using the instantaneous water heater, it must be turned off, following the sequence of operations: Close the hot water taps; Turn the gas valve handle counterclockwise until it stops, thereby shutting off the gas supply to the main burner, then release the knob and without pressing it in the axial direction, turn it counterclockwise until it stops. This will turn off the ignition burner and the electromagnetic valve (EMC); Close the general valve on the gas pipeline; Close the valve on the water pipe.

b The water heater consists of the following parts: Combustion chamber; Heat exchanger; frame; gas outlet device; Gas burner block; Main burner; Ignition burner; Tee; Gas cock; Water regulator; Solenoid valve (EMC); Thermocouple; Thrust sensor tube.

Solenoid valve

In theory, the solenoid valve (EMC) should stop the gas supply to the main burner of the instantaneous water heater: firstly, when the gas supply to the apartment (to the water heater) disappears, in order to avoid the gas contamination of the fire chamber, connecting pipes and chimneys, and secondly, in case of violation of draft in the chimney (reducing it against the established norm), in order to prevent poisoning carbon monoxide contained in the products of combustion, the residents of the apartment. The first of the functions mentioned in the design of previous models of instantaneous water heaters was assigned to the so-called thermal machines, which were based on bimetallic plates and valves suspended from them. The design was quite simple and cheap. After a certain time, it failed after a year or two, and not a single locksmith or production manager even thought about the need to waste time and material on restoration. Moreover, experienced and knowledgeable locksmiths at the time of starting the water heater and its initial testing, or at the latest at the first visit (preventive maintenance) of the apartment, in full consciousness of their rightness, pressed the fold of the bimetallic plate with pliers, thereby ensuring a constant open position for the thermal machine valve, and also a 100% guarantee that the specified safety automation element will not disturb either subscribers or maintenance personnel until the expiration date of the water heater.

However, in the new model of the instantaneous water heater, namely HSV-23-1-3-P, the idea of a "thermal automatic" was developed and significantly complicated, and, worst of all, connected to a traction control automatic, assigning the functions of a thrust guard to the solenoid valve , functions that are certainly necessary, but so far have not received a worthy embodiment in a specific viable design. The hybrid turned out to be not very successful, capricious in work, requiring increased attention from the attendants, high qualifications and many other circumstances.

The heat exchanger, or radiator, as it is sometimes called in the practice of gas facilities, consists of two main parts: a fire chamber and a heater.

The fire chamber is designed to burn the gas-air mixture, almost entirely prepared in the burner; secondary air providing complete combustion mixture, sucked from below, between the sections of the burner. The cold water pipeline (coil) wraps around the fire chamber with one full turn and immediately enters the heater. The dimensions of the heat exchanger, mm: height - 225, width - 270 (including protruding knees) and depth - 176. The diameter of the coil tube is 16 - 18 mm, it is not included in the above depth parameter (176 mm). The heat exchanger is single-row, has four through circulation passes of the water-carrying tube and about 60 plates-ribs made of copper sheet and having a wavy side profile. For installation and alignment inside the water heater body, the heat exchanger has side and rear brackets. The main type of solder on which the PFOTS-7-3-2 coil elbows are assembled. It is also possible to replace solder with MF-1 alloy.

In the process of checking the tightness of the internal water plane, the heat exchanger must withstand a pressure test of 9 kgf / cm 2 for 2 minutes (water leakage from it is not allowed) or subjected to an air test for a pressure of 1.5 kgf / cm 2, provided that it is immersed in a bath filled with water, also within 2 minutes, and air leakage (the appearance of bubbles in the water) is not allowed. Elimination of defects in the water path of the heat exchanger by tapping is not allowed. Almost the entire length of the cold water coil on the way to the heater must be tacked to the fire chamber with solder to ensure maximum water heating efficiency. At the outlet of the heater, the exhaust gases enter the gas exhaust device (hood) of the water heater, where it is diluted with air drawn in from the room to the required temperature and then goes into the chimney through a connecting pipe, the outer diameter of which should be approximately 138 - 140 mm. The temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the gas outlet is approximately 210 0 С; the content of carbon monoxide at an air flow rate equal to 1 should not exceed 0.1%.

The principle of operation of the device 1. The gas through the tube enters the electromagnetic valve (EMC), the switch button of which is located to the right of the gas cock switch handle.

2. The gas shut-off valve of the water and gas burner unit sequences the firing of the pilot burner, supplying gas to the main burner, and adjusting the amount of gas supplied to the main burner to obtain the desired temperature of the heated water.

The gas cock has a handle that rotates from left to right with a lock in three positions: The leftmost fixed position corresponds to closing 18 of the gas supply to the pilot and main burners.

The middle fixed position corresponds to the full opening of the valve for gas supply to the pilot burner and the closed position of the valve to the main burner.

The rightmost fixed position, achieved by pressing the handle in the main direction until it stops, followed by turning it all the way to the right, corresponds to the full opening of the valve for gas supply to the main and pilot burners.

3. Regulation of combustion of the main burner is carried out by turning the knob within position 2-3. In addition to manual blocking of the crane, there are two automatic blocking devices. Blocking the flow of gas to the main burner during the mandatory operation of the pilot burner is provided by a solenoid valve operating from a thermocouple.

Blocking the gas supply to the burner, depending on the presence of water flow through the device, is carried out by the water regulator.

When the solenoid valve (EMC) button is pressed and the blocking gas valve on the pilot burner is open, gas flows through the solenoid valve to the blocking valve and then through the tee through the gas pipeline to the pilot burner.

With normal draft in the chimney (a vacuum of at least 1.96 Pa), the thermocouple, heated by the flame of the pilot burner, transmits an impulse to the valve solenoid, which in turn automatically holds the valve open and provides gas access to the blocking valve.

In case of violation of draft or its absence, the electromagnetic valve stops the gas supply to the device.

Flow installation rules gas water heater The instantaneous water heater is installed in a one-story room in compliance with the technical specifications. The height of the room must be at least 2 m. The volume of the room must be at least 7.5 m3 (if in a separate room). If the water heater is installed in a room with a gas stove, then it is not necessary to add the volume of the room for the installation of the water heater to the room with the gas stove. In the room where the instantaneous water heater is installed, should there be a chimney, a ventilation duct, a gap? 0.2 m 2 from the area of the door, window with an opening device, the distance from the wall must be 2 cm for an air gap, the water heater must be hung on a wall made of non-combustible material. If there are no fireproof walls in the room, it is allowed to install the water heater on a fireproof wall at a distance of at least 3 cm from the wall. The surface of the wall in this case must be insulated with roofing steel over an asbestos sheet 3 mm thick. The upholstery should protrude 10 cm from the body of the water heater. When installing the water heater on a wall lined with glazed tiles, no additional insulation is required. The horizontal distance in the light between the protruding parts of the water heater must be at least 10 cm. The temperature of the room in which the device is installed must be at least 5 0 С.

It is forbidden to install a gas instantaneous water heater in residential buildings above five floors, in the basement and in the bathroom.

As a complex household appliance, the column has a set of automatic mechanisms that ensure safe operation. Unfortunately, many old models installed in apartments today contain far from full set security automation. And for a significant part of these mechanisms have long been out of order and have been disabled.

The use of dispensers without safety automatics, or with automatics turned off, is fraught with a serious threat to the safety of your health and property! Security systems are. Reverse thrust control. If the chimney is blocked or clogged and combustion products flow back into the room, the gas supply should automatically stop. Otherwise, the room will fill with carbon monoxide.

1) Thermoelectric fuse (thermocouple). If during the operation of the column there was a short-term cessation of the gas supply (i.e. the burner went out), and then the supply resumed (gas went out when the burner went out), then its further flow should automatically stop. Otherwise, the room will be filled with gas.

The principle of operation of the blocking system "water-gas"

The blocking system ensures that gas is supplied to the main burner only when hot water is drawn. Consists of a water unit and a gas unit.

The water assembly consists of a body, a cover, a membrane, a plate with a stem and a Venturi fitting. The membrane divides the internal cavity of the water unit into submembrane and supramembrane, which are connected by a bypass channel.

When the water intake valve is closed, the pressure in both cavities is the same and the membrane occupies the lower position. When the water intake is opened, the water flowing through the Venturi fitting injects water from the supra-membrane cavity through the bypass channel and the water pressure in it drops. The membrane and the plate with the stem rise, the stem of the water unit pushes the stem of the gas unit, which opens gas valve and the gas goes to the burner. When the water intake is stopped, the water pressure in both cavities of the water unit is leveled and, under the influence of a conical spring, the gas valve lowers and stops gas access to the main burner.

The principle of operation of automation to control the presence of a flame on the igniter.

Provided by the operation of EMC and thermocouple. When the igniter flame weakens or goes out, the thermocouple junction does not heat up, EMF is not emitted, the electromagnet core is demagnetized and the valve closes by spring force, shutting off the gas supply to the apparatus.

The principle of operation of traction safety automatics.

§ Automatic shutdown of the device in the absence of draft in the chimney is provided by: 21 Draft sensor (DT) EMC with thermocouple Igniter.

DT consists of a bracket with a bimetallic plate fixed on it at one end. A valve is fixed at the free end of the plate, which closes the hole in the sensor fitting. The DT fitting is fixed in the bracket with two lock nuts, with which you can adjust the height of the nozzle outlet plane relative to the bracket, thereby adjusting the tightness of the valve closure.

In the absence of draft in the chimney, the flue gases go outside under the hood and heat the bimetallic plate DT, which, bending, raises the valve, opening the hole in the fitting. The main part of the gas, which should go to the igniter, exits through the hole in the sensor fitting. The flame on the igniter decreases or goes out, heating of the thermocouple stops. The EMF in the electromagnet winding disappears and the valve shuts off the gas supply to the apparatus. The response time of the automation should not exceed 60 seconds.

Scheme of safety automation VPG-23 Scheme of safety automation of instantaneous water heaters with automatic shutdown gas supply to the main burner in the absence of draft. This automation works on the basis of the electromagnetic valve EMK-11-15. The draft sensor is a bimetallic plate with a valve, which is installed in the area of the water heater's draft interrupter. In the absence of thrust, hot combustion products wash over the plate, and it opens the sensor nozzle. In this case, the flame of the pilot burner is reduced, as the gas rushes to the sensor nozzle. The thermocouple of the EMK-11-15 valve cools down and it blocks the gas access to the burner. The solenoid valve is built into the gas inlet, in front of the gas cock. The EMC is powered by a chromel-copel thermocouple introduced into the flame zone of the pilot burner. When the thermocouple is heated, the excited TEDS (up to 25mV) enters the winding of the electromagnet core, which holds the valve connected to the armature in the open position. The valve is opened manually using a button located on the front wall of the device. When the flame goes out, the spring-loaded valve, which is not retained by the electromagnet, shuts off gas access to the burners. Unlike other solenoid valves, in the EMK-11-15 valve, due to the sequential operation of the lower and upper valves, it is impossible to forcibly turn off the safety automatics by pressing the lever, as consumers sometimes do. As long as the lower valve does not block the gas passage to the main burner, the flow of gas to the pilot burner is not possible.

For blocking thrust, the same EMC and the effect of extinguishing the pilot burner are used. A bimetallic sensor located under the upper hood of the apparatus, when heated (in the zone of the return flow of hot gases that occurs when the draft is stopped), opens the gas discharge valve from the pilot burner pipeline. The burner goes out, the thermocouple cools down and the electromagnetic valve (EMC) shuts off gas access to the apparatus.

Maintenance of the machine 1. The owner is responsible for the supervision of the operation of the machine, and it is the responsibility of the owner to keep it clean and in good condition.

2. To ensure the normal operation of the instantaneous gas water heater, it is necessary to carry out a preventive inspection at least once a year.

3. Periodic maintenance of a flowing gas water heater is carried out by employees of the gas facilities in accordance with the requirements of the operating rules in gas industry at least once a year.

The main malfunctions of the water heater

	Broken water plate	Change plate
	Scale deposits in the heater	Rinse the heater
Main burner ignites with a pop	Clogged faucet or nozzle openings	clean the holes
	Insufficient gas pressure	Increase gas pressure
	The tightness of the sensor on draft is broken	Adjust traction sensor
When the main burner is turned on, the flame knocks out	Ignition retarder out of adjustment	adjust
	Soot deposits on the heater	Clean the heater
When the water intake is turned off, the main burner continues to burn	Broken safety valve spring	Replace spring
	Safety valve seal wear	Replace seal
	Foreign bodies under the valve	Clear
Insufficient water heating	Low gas pressure	Increase gas pressure
	Clogged faucet or nozzle hole	clean the hole
	Soot deposits on the heater	Clean the heater
	Bent safety valve stem	Replace stem
Low water consumption	Clogged water filter	Clean the filter
	The water pressure adjustment screw is too tight	Loosen the adjusting screw
	Clogged hole in venturi	clean the hole
	Scale deposits in the coil	Flush the coil
The water heater makes a lot of noise	Large water consumption	Reduce water consumption
	The presence of burrs in the Venturi tube	Remove burrs
	Skewed gaskets in the water unit	Correctly install gaskets
After a short period of operation, the water heater switches off	Lack of traction	Clean the chimney
	Thrust sensor leaking	Adjust traction sensor

Electrical circuit break

There are a lot of reasons for circuit violations, they are usually the result of a break (violation of contacts and joints) or, conversely, a short circuit before electricity generated by a thermocouple enters the electromagnet coil and thereby ensures a stable attraction of the armature to the core. Circuit breaks, as a rule, are observed at the junction of the thermocouple terminal and a special screw, at the point where the core winding is attached to curly or connecting nuts. Short circuits can occur within the thermocouple itself due to careless handling (breaks, bends, shocks, etc.) during maintenance or failure due to excessive service life. This can often be observed in those apartments where the ignition burner of the water heater burns all day, and often for a day, in order to avoid the need to ignite it before turning on the water heater, which the hostess can have more than a dozen during the day. Circuit closures are also possible in the electromagnet itself, especially when the insulation of a special screw made of washers, tubes and similar insulating materials is displaced or broken. It will be natural in order to accelerate repair work everyone involved in their implementation, to have a spare thermocouple and an electromagnet with them at all times.

A locksmith looking for the cause of a valve failure must first get a clear answer to the question. Who is to blame for a valve failure - a thermocouple or a magnet? The thermocouple is replaced first, as the simplest option (and the most common). Then, with a negative result, the electromagnet is subjected to the same operation. If this does not help, then the thermocouple and electromagnet are removed from the water heater and checked separately, for example, the thermocouple junction is heated by the flame of the upper burner gas stove in the kitchen and so on. Thus, the locksmith installs the defective assembly by elimination, and then proceeds directly to the repair or simply replacing it with a new one. Only an experienced, qualified locksmith can determine the cause of the failure of the solenoid valve in operation, without resorting to a phased study by replacing supposedly faulty components with known good ones.

Used Books

1) Reference book on gas supply and use of gas (N.L. Staskevich, G.N. Severinets, D.Ya. Vigdorchik).

2) Handbook of a young gas worker (K.G. Kazimov).

3) Synopsis on special technology.

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Troubleshooting

Gas column repair

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