When connected copper pipes you will need special elements called fittings. Such parts contribute to the rapid and easy installation plumbing systems for home. The store sells high-quality threaded and compression fittings for copper pipes from such manufacturers: Emmeti, IBP, Tiemme, Uni-Fitt, Viega. All products have the necessary certificates and comply with the requirements and standards.

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Press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 - fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-B tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 /2"x54 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2 "x54 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2"x54: Maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, the maximum allowable pressure is 10 bar. Only a single compression of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 with pressing tongs is allowed. Complete set of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4 "x54 - fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-N tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 /4"x54 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4"x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. It is allowed only a single compression of the press-N tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 with pressing tongs. The complete set of the press-N tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4"x54 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Press-N tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4 "x35 - fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-N tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 /4"x35 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4 "x35 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4"x35: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. It is allowed only a single compression of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 with pressing tongs. Complete set of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Press-N tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 - fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-N tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 /4"x22 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4 "x22 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4"x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. It is allowed only a single compression of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 with pressing tongs. Complete set of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 - a fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-B tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2"x15: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only a single compression of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 with press tongs is allowed. Complete set of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2"x15 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 - a fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-B tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2" x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only a single compression of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 with press tongs is allowed. Complete set of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2" x22 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 - a fitting-adapter from a threaded to a press connection if it is necessary to branch in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. The material of the press-B tee is bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 - bronze. The scope of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2"x28: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only a single compression of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 with press tongs is allowed. Complete set of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 - HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with the SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting) safety loop, which allows you to visually identify unpressed joints during pressure testing, and the resulting

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The water socket crimp-B with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" is designed to connect copper and steel pipes with taps in the water supply system, heating and plumbing equipment. The material of the water socket crimp-B TIEMME 10x1/2" is CW617N brass with a plastic ring (P.T.F.E.) . The scope of the water socket is water, glycols, non-aggressive liquids, oil and compressed air. The norms for the pipe limit the operating conditions of the crimp-B water socket with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1 / 2 "to the following data: maximum working temperature is 120 degrees Celsius, the maximum allowable pressure is 30 bar. Water socket thread crimp-B with plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" - ISO 228 (GOST 6357-81), connection type - crimp and internal thread.

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Copper piping

The unique performance qualities of copper provided tubular products from it, despite the high cost, quite wide application. Copper pipes are not afraid of ultraviolet rays, have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, high corrosion resistance in non-acidic environments. The ability of copper to maintain plasticity at low temperatures makes it possible to install copper pipes even in winter conditions. The durability of copper pipes does not depend on the temperature and pressure of the media transported through them.

Copper pipes make it possible to transport high-temperature liquids in them.

Scopes of copper pipes

Installation of copper pipes in heating systems due to their high resistance to high temperature liquids. This property is especially relevant for a single-pipe heating scheme, in which to ensure the coolant temperature in the last radiator is about 70ºС, it is necessary that in the first one it be equal to approximately 120ºС

The connection of pipes with compression fittings does not give an absolute guarantee of reliability and requires constant monitoring during operation.

The maximum temperature that the polymers used in heating systems can withstand does not exceed 95ºС, and media with temperatures up to 300ºС can be transported through copper pipes. An important property of a pipeline made of this metal is its ability to withstand a pressure of 200-400 atm, while the do-it-yourself soldered connection of copper pipes remains airtight. At the same time, metal-plastic products can withstand, on average, a pressure of 6 atm, with a possible operating pressure in the system of 6–8 atm. Soft copper heating pipes can easily withstand 3-4 freeze-thaw cycles.

Due to its antibacterial properties, copper is able to resist the infiltration of contaminants in urban water supply networks. Sanitary copper is resistant to chlorine. Moreover, chlorine, being a strong oxidizing agent, contributes to the formation of a protective oxide film on copper, which prolongs the life of the pipeline. However, it should be remembered that do-it-yourself hidden laying of copper pipes can only be carried out if there is a polymer sheath on the pipes, which protects copper from stray currents.

When using copper pipes in heating and water supply systems, combinations in the system should be avoided. different materials, which leads to local electrochemical corrosion. If it is necessary to connect, for example, aluminum with copper, brass transition elements are used.

Copper pipes are universal: in addition to water supply and heating systems, they are used to transfer gases, refrigerants to refrigeration systems used in air conditioning systems.

Connection of pipes with compression fittings

Make sure that there are no burrs, cracks or other damage on the pipe sections before installation. This will help to avoid problems in the further operation of the pipes.

To connect copper pipes with their own hands, they use crimp or solder fittings - connecting parts of various shapes and purposes.

Compression fittings are made of brass, inside of them there is a compression ring, which guarantees tight fastening. The ring is tightened by hand with a wrench. However, it is advisable to use such fittings only in those places where it is impossible to work with open fire and it is possible to easily check the tightness of the connection. Compression fittings are designed for lower pressure ratings than solder fittings and must be periodically checked and tightened.

The connection of steel and plastic pipes for heating and water supply with copper is often carried out using compression fittings. To connect such a fitting to, it is necessary to disassemble it, then put a clamping nut on the pipe, and then a compression ring. The assembly, consisting of pipe, clamp nut and ferrule, is inserted into the fitting. The nut is tightened with a wrench for a number of turns, depending on the diameter of the pipe and determined by the passport data of the fitting.

Compression fitting connections are not absolutely reliable and require constant monitoring during operation.

Capillary soldering method

Before starting the laying of the water supply, it is necessary to cut the copper pipes to the desired dimensions.

This method is based on the capillary effect, which contributes to the uniform distribution of the solder over the entire section, regardless of the position of the pipe. To create a capillary effect, special fittings are used, the diameters of which must differ from the diameters of the pipe by a strictly defined value. For open flame soldering, a gap of 0.1-0.15 mm is recommended.

Connections using capillary soldering are carried out using special fluxes and solders - thin wires made from metal alloys with a low melting point, usually tin with small additions of copper and silver. Solder joints are used in cases where either water supply is carried out by hand in the floor or walls, or in other cases when visual control of the integrity of the joints is not possible.

There are two soldering methods: high temperature and low temperature.

High temperature soldering, otherwise known as brazing, is used where operating conditions copper pipelines associated with high temperatures. Such soldering is carried out using special fluxes and hard solders. For do-it-yourself installation of pipelines, this type of soldering is practically not used.

Low-temperature, or soft, soldering is used for pipelines used to transport liquid and gaseous media, the operating temperature of which does not exceed 110ºС. With low-temperature soldering with your own hands, the joints are heated to a temperature that is approximately 300ºС.

Copper pipe soldering process

The soldering time of copper pipes will help to reduce the marking on the fitting itself with recommendations for solder of the required size.

Before soldering, the outer part of the end of the pipe and the inner fitting are treated with sandpaper to a state of pure metal. Next, a thin layer of solder paste or flux is applied to the cleaned end of the pipe. These materials, when molten, dissolve the oxide films on the joined elements, protecting their surfaces from further oxidation, which is caused by high temperatures.

However, given the fact that the flux destroys the surface of the metal, when soldering with your own hands, it must be applied just before the start of work and only on the area that will be included in the fitting. After hardening, the flux is a film that does not require removal.

Next, the pipe is inserted into the socket of the capillary fitting until it stops. Places are evenly heated with a flame of a gas burner or a hot air gun. For this purpose, it is desirable to use a lamp equipped with two burners or spray nozzles.

If the flux used contains tin, then when it is heated to the desired temperature, silvery drops will appear. In other cases, you can make sure that the desired temperature is reached by touching the solder to the heated surface - the solder should spread. The molten solder must be injected into the joint immediately. Moreover, it does not matter from which side it will be introduced. Due to the capillary effect, the solder fills the entire joint evenly. Flux residues are removed from the fitting with a rag.

To reduce the soldering time will help the use of a variety of fittings, in which the manufacturer applied a solder bead of the desired size inside. The fitting is put on a pipe covered with flux, heated with a torch or a hot air gun until the solder is in a liquid state. After cooling, the design of the water supply and heating pipeline is ready for operation.

Installation of copper pipes

In the process of installing plumbing systems with your own hands, it often becomes necessary to connect copper pipes with products made from other materials. In heating systems, cold and hot water supply, copper compounds with steel, plastic and brass are safe from the point of view of the occurrence of corrosion processes. But the contact of copper with galvanized steel is dangerous for galvanized pipes and leads to their destruction due to electrolytic processes. In order to avoid failure of the pipeline, it is necessary to make the connection with the help of, and ensure that the water flow is directed from steel to copper.

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a tool for installing copper pipes of a heating system or supplying hot or cold water. To do this, you will need: a pipe cutter or a hacksaw for metal, a file or a scraper, in the presence of sections of complex configuration - a pipe bender, gas-burner or hot air gun.

Do-it-yourself laying of a copper pipeline begins with sections of a pre-calculated length. Then it is necessary to deburr the outer and inner parts of the pipe, if necessary, to level the cut. The use of a pipe bender will prevent flattening of the pipe and the formation of creases, which can cause a decrease in the performance of the pipeline in these places.

If the pipe diameters do not exceed 15 mm, then their bending radius must be at least 3.5 diameters, and if more than 15 mm, then four diameters. When bending by hand, a high-quality bend can only be obtained with a radius equal to 8 diameters.

Despite their resistance to corrosion, copper pipes, due to violations of manufacturing technology, improper soldering and severe water contamination with abrasive inclusions, can undergo very dangerous pitting corrosion. The pipe corrodes in places where the oxide film is destroyed. One way to avoid this process is to install filters on water supply and heating pipelines.

In the modern construction market, copper pipes, due to their unique performance, quite successfully compete with steel, plastic and metal-plastic products, despite their high cost.

Copper pipes are a versatile material that is used almost everywhere: when creating water pipes, gas pipelines, and heating systems. They are not afraid of chlorinated water, which makes them particularly attractive for the installation of urban water supply networks. Copper is not afraid of corrosion and has a very long service life.

Installation of a copper pipeline is carried out using a variety of different types connections, and this is not only welding and soldering, but also the use of compression (crimp) elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of compression fittings

The connection of copper pipes with compression fittings is convenient because it does not require high temperature and special equipment.

This means that with their help you can mount pipes in hard-to-reach places, from the tools you only need:

• spanners,
• calibrator,
• cutter.

The time of work is reduced, labor costs are reduced, and the resulting system is completely sealed and durable.

However, this design is not without drawbacks. Compression fittings must be periodically checked and tightened, so they must not be concreted.

They are designed for low pressure in the system, therefore they are considered less reliable than soldering. The design is reusable, that is, it can be disassembled and assembled, but in practice, the reconnection is unreliable, and soon it has to be replaced.

The device and principle of operation of the compression fitting

Compression fitting for copper pipes consists of several parts:

• corps;
• crimp nut;
• crimp ring.

Crimp rings (usually one or two are used) are designed to create a tight connection and provide it with resistance to high pressure and durability. Thanks to them, the structure becomes resistant to vibration fatigue and can serve for many years.

Quality copper pipe fittings can last up to 50 years.

Advice!
It is better to choose parts that use special EPD M material for the connecting rings, rather than ordinary rubber, as they will last much longer.

Are made compression fittings from:

• brass,
• copper,
• plastic,
• metal.

At the same time, brass connecting elements are most often used, since this material is easy to process and costs less than pure copper. In terms of strength, it is inferior to stainless steel, but on the other hand, it is much easier to mount it.

Sometimes brass fittings are additionally treated with nickel to increase resistance to various influences.

When choosing, pay attention to the weight of the product, this indicator should not be too light. You can ask the seller for a quality certificate, in addition, professionals advise immediately choosing parts from a well-known manufacturer.

This ensures that you do not waste your money and that the installed system is reliable. Many people advise using a brass fitting for HDPE pipes, as it does not corrode, but provides a greater margin of safety than plastic.

Types of compression fittings

In various piping systems, several types of connecting devices are used, which you can see in the photo:

• tees(used when creating a one-way branch);
• crosses(installation of bilateral branches);
• couplings(connect two pipe sections of the same diameter);
• bends(used to create 45 degree turns);
• plugs(installed at the end of the pipe section).

If it is supposed to connect pipes of the same diameter, then straight lines are used. connecting devices, and if different - transitional.

Installation of compression fittings on copper pipes

Since this type of connection does not require special equipment, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

In the European classification, two types of components are distinguished, marked with the letters A and B.

1. Type A are used only for the installation of above-ground piping systems made of semi-solid grades of copper or stainless steel.
2. Type B used for underground and surface utilities, it is designed for soft and semi-hard grades of copper with a thick wall.

Installation instructions for different types require strict adherence to certain rules in order to make the connection as reliable as possible.

Installation of compression fittings type A

1. Choose the right element size. It is not difficult to do this, since all connecting structures are manufactured according to a single European standard in accordance with the nomenclature;
2. Cut the pipe and remove burrs. Check the cut with a gauge. Make sure that there is no dirt, rough edges or scratches on the surface. A compression ring is put on the pipe, you can moisten the junction with water to prevent the seal from tearing or slipping;
3. Insert the pipe into the fitting as far as it will go. Tighten the clamping nut by hand first and then use a wrench.

Advice!
Excessive use of force is not required here, since the connection will not become more tight from this. When using cheap parts, the ring may be squeezed out, in which case the fitting will have to be completely replaced.

As a result of the actions taken, the pipe should only be slightly deformed, and this confirms that the connection is tight. The video in this article will show in detail in practice all the stages of work on creating a durable structure.

Installation of compression fittings type B

Fittings of the second type are mounted in approximately the same way. The cut is cleaned of dirt, it is important to ensure that the threads in the new fitting are clean. It can only be slightly lubricated with machine oil to make it easier to wrap. The seal cone must be pressed against the inner edge of the tube, the edge of the pipe itself must be flared.

It is important to choose the right key and make sure that it is not loose, otherwise you can easily damage the nut. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is required, it is better to take a key with a length of 750 mm.

Features of connecting copper pipes

The price of a copper pipeline is quite high, so it is recommended to follow a few rules when choosing materials.

• It is better that they are uniform, this will increase the life of the entire structure.
• It is impossible to combine copper with unalloyed steels. Because of this, electrochemical processes begin between the metals, which are detrimental to the connection. Steel elements and even galvanized steel in this case begin to suffer from corrosion.
• In extreme cases, if a heterogeneous connection cannot be avoided, they are installed in front of copper in the direction of water flow.
• Copper pipes are well combined with PVC pipeline parts, in this case there will be no negative consequences for the connection.
• PVC pipes for sewerage are increasingly replacing metal pipes, as they are cheaper, easier to install, and at the same time they are practically not inferior to them in strength and durability.

Conclusion

Crimp fittings for connecting copper pipes are used quite often, as it is both convenient and profitable. But it is important not to save on the quality of parts, otherwise the need for repairs will arise very soon. The more responsibly you approach the selection and installation of components, the longer they will eventually serve you.

Pipe type fittings are used to connect pipes of a wide variety of diameters and sizes. Fitting certain type necessary for bending the pipeline, for example, T-shaped and Y-shaped fittings, as well as bends.

Main types of fittings

Straight fittings have components such as plugs, adapters, and couplings. Examples of fittings are shown in the figure below. How each fitting is made depends on the material used to make it.

Examples of steel, copper and plastic fittings

1. Copper fittings, both threaded and unthreaded:
2. T-piece.
3. End sleeve with 90 degree rotation.
4. U-shaped tee.
5. Couplings.
6. Adapter.
7. Copper and plastic fittings:
8. Fitting with internal thread.
9. Fitting rotated 90 degrees.
10. T-piece.
11. U-shaped tee.
12. Adapter.
13. Coupling.
14. Steel fittings:
15. Internal plug.
16. Threaded options.
17. Cap with plug.
18. Sgon.
19. Fitting option.

Photo fittings from a variety of materials

And now a small photo gallery showing the impressive variety of all kinds of fittings that are presented on our market.

Steel chrome fittings

Copper fittings

Fittings made of plastic (PVC)

Coupling, adapter and squeegee

The coupling is necessary for combining two pipe segments with the same diameters into one line. If the pipes have different diameters, you will need adapter. Used frequently drive is a steel tube with an external thread, which is usually available in small pieces up to 30 cm long.

The drive is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline and connect the pipe sections, which can be disconnected at any time. A plug is needed to block the end of the pipe. If pipes made of various materials, then specialized fittings are required to connect them, some of which are shown in the figure below.

A variety of fittings for connecting pipes made of various materials

1. Fitting for connecting a copper pipe to a steel pipe:
2. Thread for screwing a metal pipe.
3. Copper pipe, connected by solder to another copper pipe.
4. Copper fitting, connects with copper pipe.
5. End for screwing into a nut.
6. Rubber gasket.
7. The plastic part is inserted into the nut.
8. Copper pipe.
9. Fitting connected by solder.
10. Fitting for connecting a plastic pipe to a copper pipe:
11. Steel pipe screwed into the nut.
12. End for screwing into a nut.
13. Rubber gasket.
14. Plastic pipe, glued into the insert in the nut.
15. Fittings for connecting plastic pipes to steel.
16. Plastic insert.
17. Screw.

Pipe connections of various materials

How is a steel pipe connected to a copper pipe? For this, a fitting is used, at one end of which there is a thread for fixing on steel pipe. There is no thread on the other end, it is completely smooth, since the copper pipe will be fastened by soldering.

When installing a pipe in such a fitting, the threads should be wrapped with plastic sealing tape, after which the coupling is screwed onto the pipe. Such a sealing tape is necessary so that corrosion does not begin in the junction of two types of metal.

Steel and plastic fitting

Another example is a steel and plastic fitting. It is also made in two parts. The first part looks like a nut with a threaded segment that is screwed into a steel pipe. The other part is plastic, with gasket and nut also made of plastic.

Standard fitting consisting of steel and plastic parts

The nut is screwed onto another extension of the first part, which has an external thread. Further, a special solvent is used to fasten the plastic insert with a plastic pipe.

Fitting made of plastic and copper

There is also a popular fitting made of plastic and copper, which also includes two components. The first component has two ends. One is made of copper and has a thread, but the other end is completely smooth - it is he who is attached to the copper pipe by soldering.

Plastic fitting with copper thread

The other component is a plastic nut with a gasket. The nut is screwed onto a copper thread, and its other end is glued to a plastic pipe.

Fittings for copper and plastic pipes

Soldering is used to connect copper pipes, but plastic pipes connect specialized glue or a solvent. As for cast-iron risers, bushings are usually not used to connect pipes.

Standard method for connecting fittings and cast iron pipes without the use of bushings

1. Cast iron pipe.
2. Casing made of stainless steel.
3. Collar.
4. Part made of neoprene rubber.
5. T-piece made of cast iron.

For sealing joints sewer pipes sleeves made of neoprene rubber are used. In this case, the sleeve itself is fixed by a casing made of stainless steel.

The following figure shows options for some pipe connections without bushings.

Standard fittings for connecting cast iron pipes without bushings

1. T-piece.
2. curved segment.
3. Curved segment with flange, designed for the toilet.
4. U-shaped tee.

To fasten the casing directly, ordinary casings are used.

Video review of fittings for polypropylene pipes

Consider the use of special fittings for plastic polypropylene pipes. Types of fittings, their purpose and characteristics.

The materials from which pipes are made

For the manufacture of sewer pipes, materials such as plastic, cast iron and copper are used. In the construction of underground collectors located outside the building, glazed ceramic pipes are usually used.

However, it is not uncommon for a certain area to only allow a specific type of pipe. You can find out from local authorities.

The ideal option for a sewer pipe is cast iron pipe. It is perfect for creating collectors, sewer risers, sunbeds and ventilation. Any cast iron pipes are of two types - internal and heavy. The length of a standard cast iron pipe is 1.5 meters.

Cast iron toilet pipe

Copper pipes, with a yellow label, can also be used for sewer pipelines of any type.

Worth mentioning separately ceramic pipes, coated with a special glaze. Such pipes are reliably protected from the influence of sewage waste, whether it be various alkalis or acids.

As a rule, ceramic pipes are used as the basis of an underground collector of a house, at a distance of up to 1.5 meters from the foundation. Pipes are laid to the city collector or settling tank.

It is not recommended to use ceramic pipes inside the house.

Both inside and outside the house are actively used pvc pipes and ABS. The connection of pipes made of copper and plastic is carried out in the same way as water pipes. Detailed overview each type of pipe will be presented in the following articles.

Copper pipes and fittings are in demand due to their high durability and strength, as well as a number of other specifications that ensure the smooth operation of various communication networks.

1 Main features of engineering networks made of copper

Russian and foreign companies are currently producing high quality copper fittings and pipes. Such products meet the requirements of European standards (ISO 9002, BS2, DIN), they differ increased resistance to the pressure of working media flowing through pipelines, to high and low temperatures, to external influences during transportation and storage.

Engineering networks made of copper are not afraid of sunlight (this distinguishes them in better side from polymer structures that are now popular), they do not develop rust over time, which always forms on metal and steel pipelines. Their service life is at least a hundred years, you see, it is very difficult to find a better and practically "eternal" material for arranging household and industrial communications.

They are used for the construction of the following systems:

• air conditioning;
• heating;
• water supply (both cold and hot);
• gas distribution.

Individuals, as a rule, use copper pipes when they install reliable and durable water supply networks in their homes. It is clear that the connecting elements for such tubular products are most often also made of copper. Copper fittings are considered to be much more economical than metal fittings as they require less material to make.

The bottom line is that in the production of, for example, cast-iron parts, their walls are initially designed to be thick - engineers leave a "margin" for metal loss as a result of corrosion. But connecting elements made of copper can be made much thinner, because their rust does not touch even after decades of operation.

The demand for copper pipelines is also determined by other reasons:

• antiseptic properties of copper (water in its supply systems is not affected by pathogenic microbes and organisms, which naturally improves the quality of drinking water);
• ease of installation of pipes and their connection to each other.

In addition, if the water in the pipes freezes, the line only deforms, and does not break, as is noted when steel and other products freeze. The destruction of copper structures is recorded only when they are exposed to a load of more than 200 atmospheres (there simply cannot be such pressure in domestic systems).

2 Types of connecting elements for copper pipes

Modern fittings for copper networks are of the following types:

• threaded;
• self-locking;
• compression (crimp);
• press fittings;
• capillary.

Press fittings for copper pipes are now almost never used to connect elements of copper pipelines. Firstly, their installation is carried out using a special press, which costs a lot. Secondly, such fittings were originally created to connect plastic and metal-plastic structures. It makes sense to use press parts for copper pipes only if it is impossible to perform high-quality soldering of pipes or mount them with other types of connecting elements.

In this article, we will take a closer look at other fittings (compression, threaded, and so on), but first we note that when installing copper products, you must always use materials of a homogeneous structure. In this case engineering network will be guaranteed to serve as long as possible and without breakdowns. In other words, the connection of copper pipes should be made with copper fittings, and other materials should be used only as needed.

If dissimilar materials are used, the following piping installation rules must be followed:

• Copper pipes in combined systems are always installed in the direction of the water flow after steel or metal products.
• It is forbidden to connect copper with galvanized steel, as well as with pipes made of unalloyed alloys. This is due to the fact that in this case such processes of an electrochemical nature are formed in the system, which significantly accelerate the rusting of steel elements.
• Connection of products from copper and its alloys with steels of the acid-resistant group is allowed. But it's better to replace metal pipes on polyvinyl chloride (if, of course, there is such an opportunity).

3 Threaded fittings for copper pipelines

Such connecting elements are recommended to be mounted when the design of the engineering system involves its periodic disassembly, repair (replacement of parts that have failed) and assembly. A threaded connection is characterized by the presence of an internal or external thread on it, designed to create a single line.

In terms of reliability and long-term operation, threaded fittings are less practical than compression or capillary fittings. They must be checked regularly, dismantling old and installing new elements. For this reason, such fittings can be mounted in those parts of the system that are easy to reach.

Options for threaded elements for arranging copper pipelines:

• couplings: they can be used to connect pipes of different materials, as well as straight sections of pipelines with different or identical sections of tubular products;
• corners at 45 and 90 degrees: necessary to rotate the pipe at a given angle;
• outlet fittings;
• crosses, tees (otherwise they are called collectors): they allow you to maintain the main direction of the network and at the same time carry out any number of independent branches from it;
• caps and special plugs: make it possible to cover the endings with high quality communication system from copper.

When installing new networks, it is desirable to use compression fittings, but the modernization of pipelines and their overhaul it is better to perform threaded elements.

4 Self-locking and compression fittings

Such fittings, which are called crimp or collet fittings, are a good replacement for fittings mounted using an open flame. Push-in fittings consist of a set of gaskets and rings, as well as a special ring for crimping the pipe. Completely tight connection of tubular products from different materials is ensured by the fact that wrench tighten the compression ring. Compression fittings can be made of steel, metal-plastic, brass or copper.

Crimping (collet) parts are indispensable for water supply systems, which consist of pipes of various cross sections. They are also in demand for the construction of networks from different materials. Although recently, classic compression fittings have begun to be replaced by self-locking parts, since they are more preferable in terms of their operational capabilities.

Self-locking collet fittings are structures inside which a whole system of rings is installed. Moreover, one ring is necessarily equipped with teeth. When pressed with a special mounting key on this gear element, it is fixed in the adjacent ring, resulting in a truly strong connection.

Such compression fittings are dismantled as simply as they are installed, with the same key. Please note that compression products for copper pipes are always made of copper. At the same time, they are suitable for arranging pipelines made of any other metals and plastics.

5 Connection of copper pipes by capillary technique

Soldering is recognized as the most popular way of really reliable and durable connection of copper pipe structures. This operation is based on the capillary effect. It states that the liquid is able to rise up the capillary, overcoming the emerging force of gravity in cases where there is a certain distance between two surfaces.

In practice, this phenomenon allows the used solder to be evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the joined surface. Moreover, it does not matter in what spatial position the pipeline element is located. It is not difficult to apply solder not from above, but from below.

The technology of the capillary technique is as follows:

• the pipe connection is heated (using a burner);
• molten solder enters the gap between the connecting element and the pipe and completely fills it;
• the pipeline is allowed to cool;
• using a cleaning compound, they clean the outer parts of the system.

This can be considered complete - the system is ready to perform its tasks! Copper and metal pipes are installed using capillary technology. If a steel fitting is used, a special flux must be applied to the soldering point in advance. The role of the material for the solder is performed by a very thin tin or copper wire, which is placed under the thread of the fitting. In some cases, silver wire is also used.

Another important point. Collet connections are mounted without preliminary preparation of the connected products. But soldering can be done only after careful removal of dirt and dust from the edges of the pipes, as well as after degreasing the surface.

6 Features of rolling copper pipes

When arranging pipelines from copper products by means of detachable connections, a special device called rolling is often used. Also common is its second name - flanging. With the help of this tool, it is possible to perform rolling - an operation that makes it possible to modify the shape and geometric parameters of copper and other ductile materials without losing their operational properties.

Elementary rolling is an ordinary conical blank, which is placed in a pipe, and then rotated until it is bent to the desired shape. It is clear that such a device is unrealistic to use in the arrangement of modern pipelines, since it does not provide uniform pressure on the walls and does not allow you to choose a specific rolling force.

More efficient is rolling with clamps and a cone that wraps around its own axis. It is such a tool that is recommended to be purchased for laying communications in your home. It is inexpensive, but the quality of work guarantees quite high. The clamp of such a flanging is equipped with either several holes suitable for certain pipe diameters, or one universal type hole into which tubular products of a wide variety of sections can be inserted.

Professional specialists involved in the construction of pipelines usually use rolling with a safety ratchet and an eccentric. Before you start working with it, you will need to put the nuts on the pipe to be connected (they make it possible to make the required connection). Professional rolling deforms the metal by rolling the pipe (its inner surface) with an eccentric - a device with a displaced center.

And the ratchet determines the greatest force that can be applied to the structure without the formation of the phenomenon of thinning of the pipe walls and its punching. Strict observance of the copper deformation force is ensured by rolling the eccentric. This device does not leave small grooves and dents on the inner surface of the pipe. This means that the system will serve you for a very long time, because it is the presence of these flaws that significantly reduces the life of the communication (grooves and dents are those areas where the likelihood of leaks is high).

Thus, the eccentric rolling with safety ratchet is considered to be the ideal tool for the installation of copper pipelines at an impeccable quality level. And most importantly - the whole process goes quickly and without excessive expenditure of physical strength.