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Compressed air breathing apparatus. Breathing apparatus with compressed air AP "Omega. Breathing apparatus with compressed air

When eliminating accidents at chemically hazardous facilities, extinguishing fires and conducting emergency rescue operations, it is often necessary to operate in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing. Under these conditions, two types of isolating devices are used to protect the respiratory organs and the vision of the rescuer: with a closed breathing circuit (oxygen insulating gas masks) and with an open one (breathing devices with compressed air). The latter are now becoming more widespread, as they have a number of advantages, although they are inferior in time to the protective action:

  • simpler, cheaper and more reliable in operation;
  • have less breathing resistance;
  • provide more comfortable breathing conditions, since the air for inhalation comes dry and cold;
  • excess pressure under the mask reduces the risk of air leakage from environment with a possible leakage of the mask;
  • safer to use and maintain, as they do not contain an oxygen cylinder high pressure;
  • there are no problems associated with the acquisition and storage of stocks of a chemical carbon dioxide absorber, as well as with recharging devices with it after each use.

I hope that this article will help the consumer to better understand the structure of compressed air devices and navigate when choosing them for work.

Breathe-helping machine compressed air (hereinafter - apparatus) is fundamentally arranged as follows. Compressed air stored in high-pressure cylinders enters the inlet through a shut-off valve. gas regulator pressure (reducer), where the air pressure is reduced to a safe level. Reduced air enters the input of the so-called lung machine, which supplies it to the mask during the inhalation phase and stops the supply during the exhalation phase. Exhaled air, through the exhalation valve located on the mask, is removed into the environment, which is why this breathing pattern is called open. The device has a suspension system, devices for control and signaling, as well as some additional functions.

Cylinders largely determine the mass and dimensions of the apparatus. Given that these characteristics are one of the defining ones, the improvement of cylinders has progressed in several directions. This is an increase in working pressure, the use of materials with a higher specific strength; selection of the optimal combination of shape (cylinder, ball), capacity and quantity in terms of mass and dimensions. In modern devices, mainly cylindrical ones have become widespread: steel and composite cylinders for operating pressures up to 29.4 MPa (300 kgf / cm 2). Composite cylinders are manufactured according to modern technology windings of a steel or aluminum liner (thin-walled vessel) with carbon or fiberglass. They have the smallest mass, but also the highest cost. Therefore, steel is widely used. But the choice of materials, both steel and composite, should exclude the possibility of their fragmentation. The use of the cylinder after a special test must be permitted by the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation.

Valve the cylinder is usually stuffing box type (as opposed to membrane), which ensures its minimum dimensions. The connection of the valve with the cylinder must allow its repeated installation and dismantling. This is necessary for re-examination of the cylinder in accordance with the rules of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (PB 10-115-96). The outlet fitting of the valve must exclude the possibility of erroneous connection of fittings with threaded connection dimensions for a lower working pressure. The valve handwheel must be accessible to the user when the device is put on and have protection against accidental closing during use. The latter is usually ensured by choosing the location of the valve on the device, less often by using a special locking mechanism that requires the user to additionally move when closing the valve handwheel (for example, pull the handwheel along the axis). The cylinder with the valve should be easily removed and installed on the apparatus.

Reducer The device is usually connected to the cylinder valve directly or through an intermediate high-pressure flexible hose, which facilitates the removal and installation of the cylinder. On the gearbox housing there are sockets for connecting the hoses of the lung machine and pressure gauge. The reducer must provide significant (at least 200 l / min) air flow, while maintaining the reduced pressure necessary for the operation of the lung machine. For safety reasons, the reducer must always be equipped with a safety valve to limit excessive rise in downstream pressure. During the operation of the device, a significant decrease in the temperature of the gas in the reducer occurs, which is dangerous when using it in conditions low temperatures, as it leads to icing of individual elements of the gearbox mechanism and its failure. The design of the gearbox should ensure its operation at low (up to minus 40 0 ​​C) operating temperatures. This is achieved, for example, by minimizing the contact of the moving parts of the gearbox with the surrounding air and by using frost-resistant sealing materials.

Lung machine There are two types: with a direct drive from the membrane to the working valve and with the so-called servo drive. In the second type, the membrane is not mechanically connected to the working valve, but controls it pneumatically with the help of an auxiliary valve, using the energy of the gas supplied to the lung machine. The first type is the simplest and most reliable in operation. The second allows you to get the minimum weight and dimensions, which is important, given the placement of the lung machine on the device mask. For a more reliable elimination of the possibility of suction of the surrounding gas medium into the space under the mask, lung machines provide the creation of a small (30-50 mm of water column) overpressure. Thus, even with a deep breath under the mask, no vacuum is created. To prevent spontaneous outflow of air when the mask is removed, the lung machine has a mechanism for turning off excess pressure, while the lung machine is switched on again at the first breath of the user (somewhat difficult compared to the usual one).

To reserve the operation of the lung machine and purge, if necessary, the space under the mask, it should be possible to turn on additional (jet) air supply. Installation of the lung governed demand valve on the mask is carried out using a quick-disconnect connection (individual for each manufacturer). But a standard threaded connection can also be used, and it differs for lung machines with and without excess pressure.

Mask should be full-front with panoramic glass, usually made of impact-resistant polycarbonate. Inside the mask is the so-called pouch that covers the mouth and nose of the user. Its main purpose is to minimize the volume of the harmful space filled with the exhaled mixture (the smaller the volume of the harmful space, the lower the carbon dioxide content in the inhaled air), as well as to exclude the contact of the exhaled mixture with the mask glass to prevent its fogging (freezing). For the same purpose, dry air entering the undermask space during inspiration is directed to blow the mask glass, and then through check valves enters the mask and then for breathing. However, in case of insufficient tightness of the mask holder and intensive work at low temperatures, in order to prevent frosting of the glass, it is necessary to use special lubricants or use a mask with glass having a special coating. The headband should be adjustable and fit well with the safety helmet (mesh headbands work best for this). An intercom is installed on the mask in the form of a sealed membrane that separates the space under the mask from the environment.

pressure gauge- remote, accuracy class not lower than 2.5 and must have permission from the State Standard of the Russian Federation for operation in Russia. Its scale should allow you to read readings in poor lighting conditions, the case should be protected from impacts and withstand immersion in water. The inlet to the flexible hose is protected by a nozzle (calibrated small diameter hole) to limit the outflow of high pressure air if the hose is damaged.

signaling device the exhaustion of the working air supply should be sound. It can be located next to the pressure gauge or in the cavity of the lung machine.

suspension system includes a back, waist and shoulder straps, made, like the buckles, fire resistant. The best way- a back made of carbon fiber and profiled according to the human body. The suspension system allows the user to quickly, without assistance, put on the device and adjust its mounting. All devices for adjusting the position (buckles, carabiners, fasteners, etc.) are made so that the belts are firmly fixed after adjustment.

rescue device recommended to be included in the device. It is usually an anti-gas helmet-mask with a non-overpressure lung machine, the hose of which is connected to a special hose on the device using a quick-release connection such as a ball lock. The device is designed to remove the victim from the infection zone using the air supply in the rescue apparatus.

General technical requirements and test methods for devices are specified in GOST R 12.4.186-97 "Insulating air breathing apparatus. General technical requirements and test methods." Compliance of the apparatus with the specified standards must be confirmed by a certificate, which must be held by the manufacturer of the apparatus.


S. Ermakov, chief designer of JSC "KAMPO"

Breathing apparatus, depending on the climatic version, should be divided into:

General-purpose breathing apparatus - apparatus designed for use at an ambient temperature of minus 40 °C to 60 °C, relative humidity up to 95% (at a temperature of 35 °C);

Special-purpose breathing apparatus - apparatus designed for use at an ambient temperature of minus 50 °С to 60 °С, relative humidity up to 95% (at a temperature of 35 °С).

Appointment Requirements

4.1.1. A general-purpose breathing apparatus must be operable in breathing modes characterized by the performance of loads from moderate work (pulmonary ventilation 30 cubic dm / min.) To very hard work (pulmonary ventilation 100 cubic dm / min.), in the ambient temperature range from minus 40 °С to 60 °С and humidity up to 95% (at a temperature of 35 °С).

4.1.2. The respiratory apparatus for special purposes must be operational in breathing modes, characterized by the fulfillment of the loads specified in 4.1.1, in the ambient temperature range from minus 50 °C to 60 °C and humidity up to 95% (at a temperature of 35 °C).

4.1.3. The device must include:

Suspension system;

Cylinder(s) with valve(s);

Reducer with safety valve;

Lung machine;

Air hose;

Additional air supply device (bypass);

Sound signaling device;

Pressure gauge (device) for monitoring the air pressure in the cylinder;

Front part with an intercom;

exhalation valve;

Rescue device;

Quick connector for connecting a rescue device;

Bag (case) for the main front part.

Note - The device may include a fitting (quick fill) for connecting a device for quick refueling of cylinders with air.

4.1.4. The nominal time of the protective action of the device must be at least 60 minutes.

4.1.5. The actual time of the protective action of the device, depending on the ambient temperature and the severity of the work performed, must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 1.

Design requirements

4.5.1. The device in the working position should be located on the back of a person.

4.5.2. Form and dimensions apparatus must correspond to the structure of a person, be combined with protective clothing, a helmet and firefighter's equipment, provide convenience when performing all types of work in case of fire (including when moving through narrow hatches and manholes with a diameter of (800 +/- 50) mm, crawling, on all fours, etc.).

4.5.3. The device must be designed in such a way that it is possible to put it on after turning it on, as well as to remove and move the device without turning it off when a person moves through tight spaces.

4.5.4. The mass of the equipped apparatus without auxiliary devices used occasionally (rescue device, device for quick refueling of cylinders with air, etc.), equipped with 1 cylinder, must not exceed 16.0 kg.

4.5.5. The mass of the equipped apparatus, equipped with 2 cylinders, should not exceed 18.0 kg.

4.5.6. All controls of the apparatus (valves, levers, buttons, etc.) must be easily accessible, convenient for actuating them and reliably protected from mechanical damage and from accidental activation.

4.5.7. The controls of the apparatus must be actuated with a force of not more than 80 N.

4.5.8. The device must use an air supply system, in which during breathing in the undermask space of the front part, excess air pressure must be constantly maintained in breathing modes characterized by the performance of loads from moderate work (pulmonary ventilation 30 cubic dm / min.) To very hard work (lung ventilation 100 cubic dm / min.) in the ambient temperature range from minus 40 °С to 60 °С (for a general-purpose apparatus) and from minus 50 °С to 60 °С (for a special-purpose apparatus).

4.5.9. Excessive pressure in the undermask space of the front part of the apparatus at zero air flow should be no more than 400 Pa.

4.5.10. The actual expiratory breathing resistance in the device during the entire time of the protective action should not exceed the values ​​indicated in Table 2.

cylinder requirements

4.6.1. Cylinders that are part of the device must comply with GOST R "Fire fighting equipment. Small-capacity cylinders for breathing apparatus and self-rescuers with compressed air. General technical requirements. Test methods."

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic.

Brief instructions for use

Facilities personal protection/PPE/ - insulating technical means personal protection of the respiratory organs and human vision from exposure to an unsuitable for breathing environment.

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic- conforms to the European standard 89/686 EWG. It is a compressed air device (balloon respirator) according to EN 137, has a fire safety certificate.

1. Basic tactical specifications DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus

4. circuit diagram operation of the Drager apparatus

5. RPE checks, their procedure and frequency

6. Calculation of work parameters in RPE

Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

Protective action time up to 120 min Backrest weight with gear, pressure gauge and suspension system 2.7 kg
Mass of DAVS assembled, in running order 1 bottle 2 bottles Panoramic mask weight 0.5 kg
9.4 kg 15.8 kg
Reducer outlet pressure (Pp.out.) 7.2 atm. (6-9 atm.) Weight of lung machine 0.5 kg
The pressure at which the reducer operates from 10 to 330 atm. Tank weight (without air / with air) 4.0 / 6.4 kg
Whistle (horn) actuation pressure 55 atm. ± 5 atm. Balloon volume (Laxfer) 6.8 l / 300 atm.
Reducer safety valve trips at pressure 13 - 20 atm. Quantity (reserve) of air in the 1st cylinder 2100 l
Overpressure (mask pressure) 0.25-0.35 atm Quantity (reserve) of air in 2 cylinders 4200 l
Breathing resistance when inhaling no more than 5 mibar Minimum pressure on entry 265 atm.
Temperature limit of DAVS operation From -45 to +65 gr.С Air consumption 30 – 120 l/min
Air tank dimensions (without valve) 520x156 mm Air consumption for: - light work - medium work - heavy work 30-40 l/min 70-80 l/min 80-120 l/min
Dimensions (without cylinder, with carrying straps folded up for storage) Length: 620 mm Width: 320 mm Height: 150 mm Average pressure flow (bar/min) for: - light work - medium work - heavy work 1 bottle 2 bottles
2,5

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus .

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic consists of the following parts:

1. Back (lodgement)

2. Reducer

3. Sound signal (whistle)

4. Pressure gauge

5. Tee (adapter)

6. Lung machine

7. Panoramic mask (Panorama Nova SP)

8. Two air tanks (Laxfer).

Back (lodgement).

The cradle consists of a custom-fitted plastic plate made of antistatic material (fiberglass-reinforced antistatic Duroplast), which has holes for picking up by hand when carrying a balloon respirator. The wide, padded waist belt makes it possible to wear the device on the hips. The weight of the balloon respirator can thus be shifted from the shoulders to the hips. All belts are quick changeable and made of Aramid/Nomex fabric which is non-flammable or self-extinguishing.

On the lower part of the lodgment are located: a mount for a pressure reducer and an elastic shock protection element. In the upper part of the cradle there is a cylinder support with a built-in attachment line, which, in combination with a folding bracket, cylinder attachment tape and a tension buckle, makes it possible to attach various compressed air cylinders.

Each breathing apparatus has an individual number, which is located on the back, has a designation of 4 letters and 4 numbers (BRVS-0026).

pressure reducer

The body of the pressure reducer is made of brass. It is fixed on the bottom of the supporting frame. On the pressure reducer are safety valve, pressure gauge hose with pressure gauge, horn and medium pressure hose. The pressure reducer reduces the pressure from the cylinder (10-330 atm.) to 6÷9 atm. (bar). The safety valve is adjusted in such a way that it operates at a pressure in the medium pressure section of 13÷20 bar. The gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years, after the maintenance - another 5 years (sealed).

Two hoses come out of the gearbox:

Medium pressure hose – the Plus-A lung governed demand valve and Panorama Nova Standard P are attached to the medium pressure hose;

High pressure hose - attached to the high pressure hose sound signal(whistle) and pressure gauge.

The minimum pressure at which the reducer ensures uninterrupted operation is 10 atm., - the guaranteed minimum pressure of the manufacturer, at which human safety is ensured.

Sound signal (whistle) - warning device and 2.4. pressure gauge

The warning device is adjusted so that it gives an acoustic signal when the pressure in the cylinder drops to the set pressure - 55±5 bar. Activated by high pressure, the whistle uses medium pressure. The signal sounds almost until the used air supply is used up. Sustained sound over 90 dBl up to 10 bar (atm.). The whistle is built into the pressure gauge hose. The whistle and pressure gauge are fully protected. The manometer scale is luminescent.

Note: The breathing apparatus is supplied with a set value of 55 bar +/_ 5 bar.

Tee

The tee allows the connection of two 6.8l/300 bar composite cylinders.

Lung machine

The Plus A lung governed demand valve is switched on with the first breath. To turn off the aircraft, press the red key.

panoramic mask

The panoramic mask Panorama Nova Standard P is attached to the head with a five-ray headband. The mask has a plastic glass frame and a speech membrane. Glass - polycarbonate. The mask has a valve box - 2 inhalation valves (the first is for breathing, the second is to provide air pressure of 0.25-0.35 atm) and 1 exhalation valve. The expiratory pressure from the panoramic mask is 0.42-0.45 atm.

Compressed air cylinders

The device is equipped with Laxfer metal-composite cylinders with a capacity of 6.8 liters with a working pressure in the cylinder of 300 bar (atm.). Depending on the ambient temperature and humidity, there may be external icing on the cylinder valve, pressure reducer and connection, but this is not important for the operation of the device.

Each air cylinder has an individual number, which has a designation of 2 letters and 5 digits (LN 21160).

When taking up combat duty, the air pressure in the RPE cylinders must be at least 265 atm. - requirement for this device electronic system automatic control and warning company DRAGER Bodyguard II(bodyguard).

When opening 2 cylinders, provided that the cylinders had different pressures, the pressure in the cylinders equalizes, the total pressure drops, the air flows from one cylinder to the second (a characteristic hissing sound is heard), since they are communicating vessels. The time of the protective action, however, is not reduced.

Requirements for working with breathing apparatus and safety when working with it

1. When working in RPE, it is necessary to protect it from direct contact with an open flame, shock and damage, do not allow the mask to be removed or pulled back to wipe the glasses, do not turn off even for a short time. Shutdown from RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander: "Link GDZS, from breathing apparatus - turn off!".

2. The valve is opened by turning the handle counterclockwise. To prevent involuntary closing during use, the cylinder valves must be opened at least two turns. Do not turn by force until it stops.

3. When docking the cylinders, do not allow dirt to get on the threaded connections.

4. When twisting - unscrewing the cylinders, the "3-finger" system is used. Do not use force.

5. When activating the lung machine into the atmosphere (without a mask - as a backup option), the first breath should be taken after 3 seconds. after air supply.

6. Safety rules for putting on a face mask: beard, mustache, goggles come into contact with the seals of the face mask and may adversely affect the user's safety.

7. When attaching air cylinders to the back of the device, do not tighten the fastening belts with force until the fastener is closed (Tavlo system).

8. When servicing the panoramic mask, do not wash it with organic solvents (gasoline, acetone, alcohol). For maintenance, use a foam solution of baby soap.

9. Drying of the mask is carried out at a temperature of not more than 60 gr.С.

10. The glass of the panoramic mask, during operation, must not be wiped with gloves, leggings, dirty rags, so as not to damage the glass.

11. If during checks No. 1 and No. 2 of breathing apparatus malfunctions are found that cannot be eliminated by the owner, they are removed from the combat crew and sent to the GDZS base for repair, and a reserve device is issued to the gas and smoke protector.

5. CHECKS OF PPE, THE ORDER OF THEIR CARRYING OUT AND PERIODICITY.

Annex 10 The Instructions on the Gas and Smoke Protection Service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 234 dated April 30, 1996, determines the rules and procedures for checking gas masks and breathing apparatus.

Combat check- view Maintenance RPE, carried out for the purpose of operational verification of the serviceability and correct functioning (operation) of units and mechanisms immediately before the combat mission of extinguishing a fire. It is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the flight commander before each inclusion in the RPE.

Before conducting a combat check, the gas and smoke protector puts on and adjusts his suspension system.

A combat check is carried out at the command of the commander of the GDZS link at the command: “GDZS link, breathing apparatus - check!”.

1.Check the health of the mask. Visual inspection.

Visually check the integrity of the glass, half clips, head straps and valve box, as well as the reliability of the connection of the lung governed demand valve. If the mask is complete and there is no damage to its elements, it is considered to be in good condition.

2. Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, apply a panoramic mask to the face, take a breath, and if there is a large resistance that does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, then the device is airtight.

3. Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open the cylinder valve and close it. Determine by the manometer the change in air pressure in the cylinder, if there is no air pressure drop, the device is considered tight.

4. Check the operation of the lung machine.

4.1. Checking the lung machine and exhalation valve.

4.2. Checking the air boost valve.

4.3. Checking the emergency supply.

5. Check the operation of the sound signal.

Attach a panoramic mask to your face and inhale, slowly pump out the air until the beep sounds. The sound signal should work at a pressure on the remote pressure gauge of 55 +/-5 atm. (bar).

6. Check the air pressure in the cylinder.

With the lung machine turned off beforehand, open the cylinder valve and check the pressure using an external pressure gauge

7. Report to the commander of the GDZS unit on readiness for switching on and air pressure in the cylinder: “Gas and smoke protector Petrov is ready for switching on, pressure is -270 atmospheres.”

The inclusion of personnel in the RPE is carried out at the command of the commander of the GDZS link:

“Link GDZS, into the apparatus - turn on!” in the following sequence:

  • remove the helmet and hold it between your knees;
  • open the cylinder valve;
  • put on a mask;
  • put on a helmet.

Check #1 - It is carried out by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the head of the guard immediately before taking up combat duty, as well as before conducting training sessions on clean air and in an environment unsuitable for breathing, if the use of RPE is provided for in the time free from combat duty.

The results of the check are recorded in the log of registration of checks No. 1.

The reserve RPE is checked by the squad leader.

1.Check the health of the mask.

The mask must be complete with no visible damage.

2. Inspect the breathing apparatus.

Check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the apparatus, cylinders and pressure gauge, and also make sure that there are no mechanical damage to the components and parts. Connect the mask to the lung machine.

3. Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the valve of the cylinders closed, tightly attach the mask to the face and try to take a breath. If a large resistance is created during inhalation, which does not allow further inhalation and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the breathing apparatus is considered to be airtight.

(by pressing the button, turn off the lung machine).

4. Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open and close the cylinder valve, having previously turned off the overpressure mechanism in the undermask space. Determine the change in air pressure in the cylinder using the pressure gauge, if the air pressure drop does not exceed 10 bar within 1 minute, the device is considered tight.

5. Check the operation of the lung machine.

5.1. Checking the lung machine and exhalation valve.

After turning off the lung machine, open the cylinder valve. Apply the mask to your face and take 2-3 deep breaths / exhalations. At the first breath, the lung machine should turn on and there should be no resistance to breathing.

5.2. Checking the air boost valve.

Insert your finger under the obturator and make sure that there is air flow from the mask. Remove your finger and hold your breath for 10 seconds. Make sure there is no air leakage.

5.3. Checking the emergency supply.

Press the bypass button and make sure that the forced air supply is working. Turn off the lung machine. Close the bottle valve.

6. Check the operation of the sound signal.

By smoothly pressing the button on the lung machine, release the pressure until a sound signal appears, if the sound signal appears at a pressure of 55+/- 5 bar, then the sound signal is working.

7.Check the cylinder air pressure readings.

The pressure in the cylinder must be at least 265 bar to put the breathing apparatus into combat crew.

Check #2 - type of maintenance carried out during the operation of the RPE after check No. 3, disinfection, replacement of air cylinders, and also at least once a month, if during this time the RPE was not used. The inspection is carried out in order to constantly maintain the RPE in good condition.

The check is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the supervision of the head of the guard.

The reserve RPE is checked by the squad leader. The test results are recorded in the N2 test log.

Check No. 2 is carried out using instrumentation in accordance with the instructions for their use. In the absence of control devices, check No. 2 is carried out in accordance with check No. 1

Check #3 - type of maintenance carried out within the established calendar terms, in in full and with a specified frequency, but at least once a year. All RPEs that are in operation and in reserve, as well as those that require complete disinfection of all components and parts, are subject to verification.

The check is carried out on the basis of the GDZS by the senior master (master) of the GDZS. The results of the checks are recorded in the check register N 3 and in the registration card for RPE, a mark is also made in the annual check schedule.

6. CALCULATION OF WORK PARAMETERS IN PPE

The main calculated indicators of the operation of gas and smoke protectors in an unbreathable environment are:

control air pressure in the apparatus, at which it is necessary to go to Fresh air(Rk.out.);

· operating time of the GDZS link at the fire seat (Trab.);

· the total time of operation of the GDZS link in an environment unsuitable for breathing and the expected time of return of the GDZS link to fresh air (Ttot.).

The methodology for calculating the parameters of work in RPE is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 1 to the Manual on the GDZS of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Order No. 234 of 04/30/96).

Air insulating apparatus for firefighters AIR-98MI and PTS "PROFI" are designed for individual protection of the respiratory organs and human vision from the harmful effects of a toxic and smoky gas environment unsuitable for breathing when extinguishing fires in buildings, structures and production facilities for various purposesin temperature rangeenvironment from minus 40 to60°C and stay in an environment with a temperature of 200°C for 60 s.

BREATHING APPARATUS FOR FIRE AIR-98MI

The main technical characteristics of the apparatus AIR-98MI and its modifications are given in Table.

The device is made according to open circuit exhaling into the atmosphere.

When valve(s) 1 are opened, high-pressure air enters from cylinder(s) 2 into collector 3 (if available) and filter 4 of reducer 5, into high-pressure cavity A and, after reduction, into reduced pressure cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in cavity B, regardless of the change in inlet pressure. In the event of a malfunction of the reducer and an increase in the reduced pressure, the safety valve 6 is activated. From the cavity B of the reducer, air enters through the hose 7 into the lung machine 11 or into the adapter 8 (if any) and then through the hose 10 into the lung machine 11. Through the valve 9 it is connected rescue device.

The lung machine maintains a predetermined excess pressure in the cavity D. When inhaling, air from the cavity D of the lung machine is supplied to the cavity B of the mask 13, air blowing around the glass 14 prevents it from fogging. Then, through the inhalation valves 15, the air enters the cavity G for breathing.


Schematic diagram of the breathing apparatus AIR-98 MI

To control the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A enters through the high-pressure capillary tube 18 into the pressure gauge 19, and from the cavity low pressure B through the hose 20 to the whistle 21 of the signaling device 22.

When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, a whistle is turned on, warning with an audible signal of the need to immediately exit to a safe area.

RESPIRATORY APPARATUS PTS "PROFI"

The devices are produced in various options executions that differ in the following features:

Complete set various types and the number of cylinders;

Complete with various types of front parts;

Possibility of completing with a rescue device.

The device is an insulating reservoir breathing device with compressed air with a working pressure of 29.4 MPa and an overpressure under the front part. The device is equipped with a panoramic mask PTS "Obzor" TU 4854-019-38996367-2002 or "Panorama Nova Standart" No. R54450.

The apparatus operates according to an open breathing pattern with exhalation into the atmosphere and operates as follows: when valve(s) 1 are opened, high-pressure air enters from cylinder(s) 2 into collector 3 (if available) and filter 4 of reducer 5, into the cavity of high pressure A and after reduction into the reduced pressure cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in the cavity B, regardless of the change in inlet pressure.

In the event of a malfunction of the reducer and an increase in the reduced pressure, the safety valve 6 is activated.

From cavity B of the reducer, air enters through hose 7 into lung machine 11 and into adapter 8 and further through hose 10 into lung machine 11. A rescue device is connected through valve 9.

The lung machine maintains a predetermined excess pressure in the cavity D. When inhaling, air from the cavity D of the lung machine is supplied to the cavity B of the front part 13. The air, blowing the glass 14, prevents it from fogging. Then, through the inhalation valves 15, the air enters the cavity G for breathing.


Schematic diagram of the breathing apparatus PTS "Profi"

When exhaling, the inhalation valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the glass. To exhale air into the atmosphere, the exhalation valve 16, located in the valve box 17, opens.

To control the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 18 to the pressure gauge 19, and from the low-pressure cavity B through the hose 20 to the whistle 21 of the signaling device 22. When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, the whistle is turned on, a warning sound signal that only the reserve air supply remains in the device.

The air supply system of the apparatus consists of a lung machine and a reducer, it can be single-stage, without a reducer and two-stage. The two-stage air supply system can be made of one structural element that combines the gearbox and the lung machine or separately.

The devices are produced by manufacturers in various versions.

The main nodes of DAVS, their purpose

suspension system designed to mount systems and components of the device on it.

Composed: plastic back, shoulder and end straps fastened to the back with buckles, waist belt with quick-release adjustable buckle. Lodgment which serves as a support for the cylinder. The balloon is fixed with a balloon strap with a special buckle.

Marking: trademark manufacturer, device symbol, technical specification number, serial number, month and year of manufacture.

Cylinder with valve designed to store the working supply of compressed air.

The valve consists of: body, valve, gasket, 2 rings, cover, spindle, handwheel, cover, safety diaphragm, shut-off valve, shock absorber.

Marking: cylinder designation, heat treatment stamp, quality control stamp, manufacturer's code, lot number, number of the cylinder in the lot, month and year of manufacture, year of the next survey, empty cylinder mass, working pressure, test pressure, nominal volume.

Reducer designed to convert high air pressure in a cylinder to a constant reduced pressure. The reducer has a safety valve (and also a signaling device mechanism can be structurally built into the reducer).

Composed: housing, reduced valve, piston, spring, handwheel, threaded fitting, sealing ring, cuff, safety valve, seal.

Capillary it is intended for accession to a reducer of the manometer and a sound signal.

Composed: 2 fittings connected by a high-pressure spiral tube soldered into them, inside the spiral of which the cable is also connected to the fittings, are inside 2 fittings connected and fixed by a hose using caps, sealing rings.

pressure gauge designed to control the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder, a sound signal to alert you that the air in the cylinder is running out.

Lung machine designed to automatically supply air to the user's breathing, maintain excess pressure in the undermask space, additional air supply, turn off the air supply and connect the front part to the device. The lung machine turns on at the first breath, turns off by pressing the button for additional air supply.

Composed: valve, spring, ring, diaphragm, valve seat, support, stem, button, cover.

panoramic mask designed to protect the respiratory and human vision from a toxic and smoky environment and connects the human respiratory tract with the lung machine.

Composed: housing with headband straps, panoramic glass, two half-rings, a mask holder with two inhalation valves, an intercom, a plug connection for fastening a lung governed demand valve of a spring-loaded exhalation valve.

Adapter designed to connect the main front part of the lung machine and the rescue device to the gearbox.

Composed: tee, a connector interconnected by a hose which is fixed to the fittings of the tee by caps. A bushing is screwed into the connector housing, on which the hose fitting fixing unit is mounted and consists of: clips, balls, bushings, springs, housing, sealing ring, valve.

rescue device designed to protect the respiratory organs and eyesight of the victim from an environment unsuitable for breathing.

Composed: helmet mask, lung machine and low pressure hose.