Swampy land. Drainage of swamps. Hidden drainage systems for draining swampy soil

02.05.2020

There are two main ways of draining swamps: drainage by open ditches and drainage by drainage.

Drainage of marshes with open ditches are used in cases where it is impossible to lay underground drainage in newly developed swamps (from the proper settlement of the swamp to the compaction of the peat deposit).

An open drainage system consists of a conductive and control network of ditches. The first includes main canals flowing into water receivers (rivers, streams, etc.) and transport collectors flowing into main canals.

The purpose of the conductive network is to receive and divert water from the regulating network of ditches.

The regulating network includes drainage ditches that divert water from the area being drained. In addition, if necessary, upland ditches are also arranged to intercept surface water flowing into the swamp from adjacent hills, as well as trapping ditches to intercept the flow of soil and ground and ground water.

The distances between the drainage ditches (with an average working depth of 80-90 cm) are determined mainly by the climatic conditions of the zone, the type and type of swamp and the composition of cultivated crops. As you move north, these distances gradually decrease.

Often swamps need not only drainage, but also bilateral regulation of the water regime. A swamp that is sufficiently drained for the spring period often turns out to be overdried in the summer. In addition, as mentioned above, agricultural plants in different periods of their growth and development require various conditions soil water regime.

There are three methods of bilateral regulation of the water regime of peat soils: infiltration of water from open channels or ditches, regulation of drainage flow, and additional installation of molehill drains.

With bilateral regulation of the water regime on the drainage network, a system of locks is installed according to the developed project, with the help of which water in canals and ditches either lingers at a certain level, or descends into them partially or completely.

In deep marshes with good to moderately permeable peat, locking does not require a more frequent network of ditches than is necessary for drainage; in the same swamps, but with poorly permeable peat, locking is effective only with mole drainage.

The main lock is installed in the upper part of the main canal, smaller locks - at the mouths of the transport collectors flowing into it.

Based on three years of experiments on the study of swamp locking, carried out in the field on three different types developed lowland swamps (state farm "Zarechye" and collective farm "Will Fighter" of the Byelorussian SSR, state farm No. 17 of the Oryol region), we can draw the following conclusions (A. I. Ivitsky):

locking in swamps with low and medium permeability of peat, underlain by loam, has little effect on the groundwater level and, after a long and large water backwater in ditches, spreads away from them only by 10-15 m;
in swamps with a shallow depth of peat, cut through by dryers and underlain by sand, locking affects groundwater quickly and, with a large layer of water in dryers, affects the entire width of the drained strips (60-80 m);
in swamps with a thick peat deposit, with good water permeability of peat, locking affects groundwater quickly, causing fluctuations in their level in strips 80 m wide;
The use of mole drainage when locking bogs makes it possible (with a small distance between drains) to regulate the level of groundwater and the moisture content of peat soil within the required limits even in poorly permeable bogs.

However, drainage systems in developed swamps, consisting of an open network of ditches, do not meet modern agricultural requirements due to small distances between ditches, which makes it impossible to effectively use agricultural machines and implements due to the loss of a significant part of the usable area (up to 10-15 %); spread along ditches of weeds, as well as diseases and pests of agricultural crops; significant increase in the cost of operation of drainage systems.

In this regard, open drainage systems in swamps should be gradually replaced by more advanced - closed or combined systems.

Drainage of swamps by drainage. With closed drainage, almost the entire drainage network (except for the main canals, and sometimes some of the first-order collectors) is underground. In this regard, the disadvantages that are characteristic of an open drainage network are almost completely eliminated.

Underground drainage provides faster and more uniform regulation of the water regime of the soil over the entire area of the drained strips than an open drainage network.

According to S. G. Skoropanov’s calculations, based on the experiments and production data of the Byelorussian SSR, each hectare of peat-bog soils drained by closed drainage yields an average of 20-25% more agricultural output than a hectare of arable land drained by a network of open ditches.

V. S. Linevich (1951) found that the cost of tractor work in areas with a closed network is 33% lower than in areas with a dense network of open ditches. Of the various types of drainage, pottery drainage, which consists of tubes with an inner diameter of 4-5 cm (diameters of collector drains 7-20 cm), occupies the first place so far. This drainage works well and is distinguished by longevity (40-50 years or more). It is laid after the settlement of the swamp and the compaction of the peat deposit.

Plank tubular and grooved drainage works well (pipes of a quadrangular section 5 × 5 or 7X7 cm, knocked down from boards 12-20 mm thick, or pipes made from a stock with a hole diameter of 5-8 cm; collector cross-sections from 8X8 to 18X18 cm). The service life of such drainage is 15-20 years.

Mole drainage has given positive results in draining bogs without stumps with weakly and moderately decomposed peat and is currently used in some areas of the non-chernozem zone.

The technological process of laying mole drains is as follows: the working body (knife, saw or cutter) cuts the soil vertically to the entire drainage depth; drainer, that is metal cylinder with a pointed front end, mounted on the end of the knife, pushes the ground apart and forms a molehill-like passage in the peat; the expander, moving behind the drainer, expands the drain to the required dimensions.

In swamps, drainers with expanders are used, making a drain with a diameter of up to 20-25 cm; such a size of the drain is needed because peat, due to its elasticity, expands again and reduces the cavity by 1.5-2 times, and sometimes even more.

The depth of laying molehill drains on peatlands is 0.8-1 m, the distance between drains is 10-30 m, the length of drains is from 200 to 400 m. . The service life of mole drainage in poorly and moderately decomposed peatless peat is on average from 3 to 5 years, in some cases longer.

On stumpy peatlands, wormhole drainage can be used, which is laid with a drainage-disk machine DDM-5 or a drainage-screw DVM, created by the All-Union Institute of Peat Industry.

Recently, plastic drainage has been tested for draining low-lying swamps. Viniplast pipes and seamless pipes made of high density polyethylene are used.

Two-year experiments (1963-1964) of the Belarusian Institute of Land Reclamation and Water Management showed that plastic drainage can be used both on virgin and already developed lowland bogs; that its drainage action is not inferior to that of pottery drainage; but the cost of this drainage is still high (about 350-380 rubles/ha).

Research work in the direction of improving the design and technology of laying plastic drainage, as well as reducing its cost, continues.

Detailed questions about the structures, conditions and techniques for installing various types of drainage are set out in special guidelines for hydromelioration.

The distances between drains and the depth of their laying depend on the permeability of peat, the nature of the water supply of the swamp, the amount of precipitation, evaporation, and the required depth of lowering the groundwater level for cultivated crops.

Novgorod swamp experimental station ( Novgorod region) for field crop rotations in transitional swamps recommends distances between drains of 20–25 m at a depth of their laying of 0.8–1 m. For the same crop rotations, the distance between drains is 15-20 m at the same depth of drains.

According to the Minsk Bog Experimental Station, high yields of field crops, including vegetable and industrial crops, were obtained in lowland bogs at a distance between drains from 20 to 50 m and a depth of their laying from 0.9 to 1.2 m.

When draining the swamps of the northern, northwestern and central regions of the non-chernozem zone of the European part of the Union, the following approximate distances between drains are recommended.

Large distances between drains should be taken on weakly and moderately decomposed peat, since it is more permeable. For the northern regions, the interdrains are smaller, and for other regions - larger.

Combined dehumidification, that is, the use of open ditches in combination with closed drains (collectors are open, and dryers are closed), allows you to drain areas of such sizes that can fully meet the requirements of mechanization of field work and pasture use of marsh lands.

Drainage by more rare open or closed ditches in combination with molehill drains is currently a fairly common method of draining swamps. Mole drainage, as mentioned above, is laid on stumpless, and mole-slit drainage is laid on stumpy peatlands with a thickness of at least 1 m. also from their correct device (choice of diameter, slope and outlets to the collectors).

Low-lying and transitional bogs with well-decomposed peat, unstable for mole drainage, can be drained by combined drainage using various types of tubular drains - plank, pottery, plastic, etc.

Drainage of groundwater bogs, located mainly in the terraced parts of floodplains, has its own characteristics. Here great importance acquires a system of deep trapping open ditches or drains located in the zone of wedging out of soil-ground and groundwater. With ground-pressure supply, in addition to regulating the water intake, an additional drainage network is required.

On drained low-lying swamps, the so-called aeration mole is sometimes used according to the Tyulenev-Rudich method. This enhances the drainage effect of the network of ditches, and, in addition, improves the thermal and nutrient regimes of soils.

Mole removal is carried out with the help of a five-body machine KDM-6, developed by UkrNIIGiM. The bodies of this machine are 1 m apart from each other and can go deep into the peat bog up to 50-60 cm. The diameter of the molehills is 10-20 cm. The productivity of the machine is 1-1.2 ha/hour.

As special studies have shown, aeration mole-filling in the low-lying floodplain bogs of the Ukrainian SSR has a favorable effect on the water-air, thermal and nutritional regimes of peat soil, makes it possible to speed up the sowing time and significantly increases the yield of agricultural crops.

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Land drainage consists of removing excess water in the soil to improve its water-air regime, to ensure active microbiological processes in order to mineralize the accumulated plant residues of marsh vegetation. Lands on which the peat layer exceeds 30 cm are referred to as swamps, and with a smaller layer thickness, to wetlands.

In swamps and wetlands, as a result of excessive moisture and lack of oxygen, many harmful compounds for plants and increased soil acidity are formed. On these soils, marsh vegetation grows in its natural state - sedge, mosses, reeds, etc.

There are lowland swamps that feed on river, ground and surface waters.. The reaction of their mass is slightly acidic, neutral, and sometimes alkaline. Raised bogs are acidic. In the water regime, their main role is played by precipitation. Without radical improvement, such lands are unsuitable for active use in agriculture.

Sources of excess moisture in swamps can be: atmospheric precipitation in quantities exceeding evaporation; surface waters that run off adjacent slopes; waters of spring and summer floods; groundwater, which occurs at a shallow depth of soil. When these lands are drained, the following main tasks arise: to protect the drained areas from the inflow of surface and groundwater from outside; lower the groundwater level. To solve these problems, drainage systems are being built.

Drying system- this is a complex of hydraulic and engineering structures located on a drained territory for the removal of excess surface and ground water. A properly built drainage system should provide: the optimal water-air regime in the zone of plant root systems and the possibility of (free) accessible regulation; possibility of early dates sowing works; the availability of using a variety of agricultural machinery and the possibility of transporting crops from a drained area.

The drying system includes: a drained area, a water intake into which excess water is diverted (lake, river, flowing ponds, individual reservoirs and other places); water drainage system of channels with hydraulic and road structures.

According to the methods of removal (removal) of excess water, which is collected by the drainage network from the reclaimed territory, drainage systems are divided into three types: gravity, machine and mixed.

On gravity systems, the most common on the territory of Ukraine, water from the drainage system drains (discharges) into water receivers by gravity.

On machine systems, water from the drained system is diverted to the water intake using pumping stations. Such systems are built in the case when the water level in the water intake is higher than the water level in the main canal.

Mixed drainage systems are built where the water level in the water intake changes dramatically throughout the year.

In dry years, sometimes there is not enough water for plants on drained lands during the growing season. In this regard, double-acting drainage systems are now being built: when there is an excess of water in the soil, it is dumped, and when there is a shortage, it is brought into the root layer of the soil. Such a system is called a drainage-irrigation system.

For the first time in our country, the Irpin drainage and irrigation system was built in Ukraine.

By type, drainage systems are open, closed and combined.

Drainage by open channels is carried out by a network of channels created in drained meadows and pastures to accelerate the removal of spring thawed or summer storm water, the accumulation of which leads to waterlogging of the territory and the death of natural economically valuable vegetation. Observations have established (Academician A. I. Kostyakov) that the permissible duration of flooding of plants by flood waters in spring is 20-25 days for hayfields, and up to 36 hours during the full growing season. For vegetable crops the duration of flooding is only 5-6 hours.

Open canals are laid in the form of a sparse (every 300-600 m) network, as well as separate temporary or permanent ditches. Their depth can be from 1 to 3 m, depending on the need for the depth of lowering the groundwater level, the purpose of the channel, the nature of waterlogging (surface or groundwater), the properties of the rock underlying the peat, the drainage rate and other reasons.

The norm of drainage is considered(called) the depth of groundwater, which provides the moisture of the root layer of the soil necessary for obtaining high yields of crops. It should be considered as the depth of groundwater, which allows you to get the highest yields of crops.

The rate of drainage, as well as soil moisture, varies from soil characteristics, seasons, weather conditions, depending on the type of plants and their growing season. So, at the beginning of field work, the drainage rate should be such that the soil-cultivating and sowing units can move freely across the fields and favorable conditions are created for seed germination and the emergence of seedlings of agricultural plants. During this period, according to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, the optimal groundwater levels, depending on weather conditions, are 50-70 cm. Later, with the growth of plants and their root systems, for example, for crops and perennial herbs the drainage rate is 70-90 cm, and for sugar beet - 115-130 cm.

Economic efficiency of open channels consists in the fact that their creation does not require large expenditures and they are distinguished by their simplicity of construction, which can be fully mechanized. Their disadvantage is that a significant part of the area (10-15%), on which a uniform network of canals is located, is excluded from economic use, and the network itself divides the field into parts that make it difficult to use high-performance equipment. In addition, it is necessary to build various kinds of bridges, crossings, passages, passages for equipment, passages for animals on this area, which requires appropriate operating costs. Therefore, to the extent possible, open channels are replaced by closed drainage.

Drainage (English drain - drain, drain)- this is a system of underground drains (pipes, slots, passages in the ground), as well as open channels for draining water from the soil. Closed drainage helps to increase the use of land, eliminate breeding centers of weeds, and improve the conditions for mechanization of work. This type of dehumidification is more durable, causes less costs for the construction of transitions and for repairs. open system, contributes to increasing soil fertility, crop culture, increasing labor productivity and reducing production costs.

Drainage can be trench and trenchless. Trench drainage includes pottery, plastic, wood, stone, gravel, fascin and others, and trenchless drainage includes mole and slot drainage.

trench drainage most often used for draining excessively moistened mineral soils. The most famous and more common are pottery and plastic drains. In forest areas and peat bogs, wooden drainage is used from boards, poles, fascines - wire bundles of brushwood (small branches or willow) with a diameter of 20-30 cm. When constructing trench drainage, a trench is laid in which pottery or other drains are laid to the appropriate depth. Taking into account the largest mass of the location of the root systems of plants in the soil, the depth of the location of the drains also depends on the depth of freezing of the soil and soil.

Trenchless drainage also used mainly for draining deep peatlands and heavy mineral soils.

Mole drainage- this is a system of molehills, pipe-like holes with a diameter of 6-10 cm, made by a special tool at a depth of 40-70 cm. The working bodies of this tool, called a plow, are knives and a drainer - a steel cylinder pointed at the front with an increased diameter at its end. A knife is fixed on the plow body, which forms a gap, and a drainer, attached by a cable to the lower part of the knife at the required depth, forms a drain (molehill) with compacted walls when the tool moves. The formation of drains begins with an open channel into which water will subsequently drain from them.

The distance between the drains depends on the characteristics of the soil. On mineral soils they are laid at a distance of 2-10 m, and on peaty soils - 10-20 m from one another with a slope towards the collector.

Slotted drainage is used on compacted slightly decomposed peat bogs, as well as on swamps with buried (hidden) from cutting down trees with the help of drainage-slotted tools, which make deep (0.9-1.5 m) slots-drains about 12 cm wide. covered and compacted with rollers.

Features of the drainage system

A swamp, as a drained area suitable for further exploitation, is rarely equipped with drainage ditches. This method can be used if the swamp is located in low-lying or straight areas where it is impossible to lay drainage pipes due to lack of bias.

Diagram of the drainage system.

In swampy, flat areas, a canal is dug at the foot of a hill to lower the water level. Drainage can be done independently by digging channels 1-1.5 m deep. To strengthen the walls and prevent them from shedding, a cement screed is laid or they are made at an inclination of 30 ° if the work is to be done on clay kidneys. Channels require regular cleaning to prevent stagnant water flow.

The solution of underground pipes looks more aesthetically attractive. The modern construction market offers plastic and concrete pipes, which are laid in trenches.

Plastic pipes due to their flexibility are more popular and often used. The joints of the individual elements are not welded, leaving small holes so that water can seep into the ground.

The pipe for removing moisture must have a diameter of at least 8 cm for side outlets, 10 cm for the main one.

Side pipes are laid at a frequency of 1-5 m to the main pipe, if the work is carried out on loamy soil, and 7 m for a sandy area, 10-12 m between the side pipes.

They are connected to the central pipe at an angle of 70°. Such a slope in the area is able to carry out free flow to the central pipe.

Most optimal size for a trench is a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 1 m. When digging a ditch, the upper earth is set aside, since it is a fertile layer that can later be used. After laying the system, the top layer is poured into place at a slope to ensure the angle of moisture inflow.

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The process of building a drainage system

Scheme of the drainage system.

Drainage is equipped with digging a ditch. The slope of the ditch bottom is determined using building level, lighthouses and slats. Before proceeding with the laying of pipes, the bottom is shaped into a tray by tamping and smoothing. Crumpled greasy clay does this task best.

After doing this stage works, the bottom of the ditch on the site is covered by 5-7 cm with broken bricks or gravel. The assembly of the structure from pipes, as well as their laying, is carried out from the central pipe. Pottery type pipes are equipped with holes. If you plan to use asbestos-cement pipes, you must independently make cuts about 1/3 of the diameter long and 1 cm wide. The width between the cuts is 10-15 cm. Pipe laying in the area is done with cuts up. Experts recommend filling the structure with a layer of gravel from above so that the pipe is in the sleeve. At the final stage, soil is poured from above, having previously covered the joints of the pipes to avoid clogging.

If there is an underground drainage system on the site, pay attention to the depth of tillage during cultivation in order to avoid damage to the system and waterlogging of the site.

If there are places on the site where it is impossible to drain by the method of open ditches or underground drainage with pipes, a brick drainage is constructed. Brick drainage is channels with a section of 12x12 cm. The bottom of such channels is covered with greasy clay. To do this, they dig a trench up to a meter deep along the site with a direction to the well. Up to half of the trench is filled with brick or gravel and covered with soil. As a result of such actions, you get a ditch filled with a porous material that allows water to pass through, moving it towards the well.

To drain the swamps, open main ditches are used, which are located along and along the perimeter of the central road. In addition, to ensure the general flow to the main drainage network along the borders garden plot you need to dig ditches 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep.

If it is possible to negotiate with a neighbor, a drainage ditch is made along its perimeter to drain the site. Another option is to dig a separate hole small size, which is filled with MSW and construction waste. From above, it is covered with a layer of soil up to 30 m thick. Such a ditch helps to remove excess water and lowers its level in the soil. It is often used for planting. A well up to three meters deep can play the same role.

It is possible to drain the soil with the help of a "hedge" of shadberry, wild rose, hawthorn, willow, sea buckthorn, etc. It is advisable to plant in low areas fruit trees, which have a superficially located root system.

If the site has not been used before, it must be mastered. To do this, the top layer of the earth is removed, which can be used to build a house, a summer kitchen, a barn and other household premises, lay paths in the garden. This land is used for filling pits for berry and fruit crops, as well as for a garden plot.

If tree stumps are removed with the help of special equipment, then infertile layers of earth appear on the surface, which will lead to compaction of the site and force you to cultivate it for a long time. To reduce the amount of work in the stump, it is worth making a recess and filling it with ammonium nitrate. The opening is closed at the top. After 2-3 months, the wood is set on fire with kerosene. The roots and stumps of the trees will be burned, making the area suitable for planting.

Drainage of territories

It happens that a summer resident gets a wetland for use. There is little joy in this, but do not despair, because many effective ways combat this shortcoming. Even the territory of the world-famous Versailles was once an impenetrable swamp, and many botanical gardens, for example, in Sukhumi, are located where even a hundred or two years ago it was impossible to even pass.

swampy areas

Many are trying to deal with excess moisture by filling the area with brought sand or earth - this blunder which will not bring results. The swamp is very tenacious, being the most resistant hydraulic system, so in just a year or two the land will again become swampy. For effective fight you need to resort to other, longer, more complex and costly technologies, but all the efforts are worth it.

First you need to decide on the type of swamp, because they are lowland and upland, and the differences between them are very significant, therefore the methods of struggle are different. Lowland swamps are located in relief depressions, excessive moisture is observed due to the close occurrence of groundwater. In such areas, the soil itself is very fertile, contains a large number of nutrients and even peat, but plants, and especially fruit and berry bushes and trees, grow poorly, disappearing in just a couple of years, so it will take a lot of effort to grow a real garden and vegetable garden, and not a flower bed with unpretentious annuals.

Pond in the garden

Plants disappear due to the fact that the moist earth does not allow enough oxygen to pass through, and the roots suffocate, and groundwater contributes to their decay. Also, toxic products (aluminum salt, nitrates, different kinds gases, acids), preventing plant growth.

Methods for draining lowland swamps

Drainage of lowland swamps is possible using the following methods:

Help from professionals

You can invite a team of specialists who, with the help of pumps, will almost instantly pump out all the excess water from the site, significant drainage can be observed on the same day. But it is quite expensive, and sometimes the problem of waterlogging comes back.

Sanding

The introduction of sand in equal proportions with the parent rock improves the quality of the soil, and air exchange is also enhanced. In order to improve the yield of the resulting soil, it is recommended to add humus to it, which will allow you to grow vegetables and herbs on the site.

Drainage

In order to effectively and permanently drain a swampy area, all experts recommend making drains or drainage. It is best done with a plastic pipe system with small holes in the walls. They should be laid in specially dug ditches with a depth of about 60-70 cm for clay, 75-85 for loam and up to a meter for sandy areas. Drains need to be pulled out with a slope, so the water in them will not stagnate, but will be able to drain into a sewer, well or pond, this should be the lowest point of the site.

Trees in the swamp

The most efficient way is to use a herringbone system, in which small pipes collect excess moisture from the entire area and carry it to the main pipe, which removes water from the area. In swampy garden farms, as a rule, there is already a common drainage ditch, in case of its absence, water can be diverted to the nearest reservoir. You can also dig a well, the lower boundary of which will be below the groundwater level, fill it with rubble, water will flow into it. With such an integrated approach, the drainage of the site will be noticeable in a couple of days - a week. The drains themselves can be covered with earth, but to facilitate their care, they can be covered with gravel or crushed stone.

open ditches

To remove excess moisture directly from the surface of the earth, open ditches can be made, the edges of which should be beveled by about 20 degrees to avoid shedding, but on sandy areas this method is not used, since the ditches quickly collapse and the sand is washed out. This method of drying is very common, it can be seen in almost every garden. The disadvantage of this method is the gradual sprinkling, clogging of the watercourse with plant particles and debris, and water blooming, so these structures must be regularly cleaned with a conventional shovel.

French ditches

In France, the drainage of wetlands is carried out using deep ditches covered with rubble. For the system to be effective, you must either dig trenches and lead them into a well, or dig ditches to a layer of sand that will let water through. Such ditches are more aesthetic, do not clog and do not bloom, but when they are clogged with earth, cleaning is very complicated. But the ditch can be disguised as a path, strewn with pebbles, rubble, or laid out wooden slices on top.

Wells

The technology of their work is similar to ditches, for this it is necessary to dig holes a meter deep, about half a meter in diameter at the bottom point and up to two at the top. They should be dug at the lowest points of the site, and then covered with rubble. All excess water.

dig a pond

After the construction of a decorative reservoir, excess water will drain into it and evaporate, and soon there will be a significant draining of the site. For these purposes, the Cross Canal was built a long time ago in the French residence of the monarchs of Versailles - the effectiveness of the method is obvious.

Drainage of swampy areas

tree planting

Some tree species can save a wetland from waterlogging. The most useful for these purposes willow and birch, which can evaporate a large amount of moisture through the leaf blades. These trees qualitatively dry out nearby soil areas, however, it may take several years to completely drain the area. You can think over the design of the site in advance, initially planting only moisture-loving crops, and when the trees have completed their task, move on to the desired plant species.

Raised beds

In order to be able to grow vegetables and herbs, wetland owners should make raised beds, so excess moisture will collect in the ditches between the beds, and the areas themselves will become noticeably drier. Moreover, there is such a pattern: the higher the site is raised, the more diverse crops can be grown on it. Many people think that farming is impossible in waterlogged areas, but it is enough just to look at photographs of a Dutch or Finnish garden surrounded by complex system channels to verify the effectiveness of the method. Indeed, in these countries, with the help of technology and labor, almost everything is grown, and they also make good money on it.

imported soil

It is possible to raise the level of the site with the help of additionally imported land, which, after plowing, will mix with fertile, but heavy marshy soils, as a result, the site will become suitable for growing crops and very fertile, experts note that cultivated marshy lands do not require fertilization for several more years.

reconcile

It is not necessary to fight the swampy terrain, it can be interesting to beat unusual moisture suburban area: dig a pond, plant it with moisture-loving plants, choosing the design of a traditional swamp corner. In such conditions, lingonberries, cranberries, iris, Volzhanka, hydrangea, rhododendron, spirea, thuja, chokeberry and cotoneaster feel great. Fern and girlish grapes will complement the beauty of the swamp garden. Perhaps you will like such beauty so much that you no longer want to change anything.

Arrangement of a reservoir

The raised swamp is formed on watersheds, that is, hills, and does not depend on the level of groundwater. Excess moisture in such areas is formed due to the fact that incoming precipitation is delayed, not being able to seep below due to the impermeable horizon, most often it is clay. The soil of raised bogs is not very fertile and rather acidic. To use such areas, it is necessary to reduce the acidity of the soil; dolomite flour, slaked lime and chalk are suitable for this. Also, fertile land and manure must be constantly brought to such places in order to get a plot suitable for growing vegetables in a couple of years.

Becoming the owner of a swampy area, do not despair, because if you know what and how to do it right, you can not only make this piece of land suitable for growing vegetables, berries and fruits, but also build on it country house. It is only necessary to approach this important matter comprehensively, responsibly and wisely. From the foregoing, we can conclude that there are a huge number of ways to deal with a wetland, but it may turn out that even these effective methods will not help, and then it remains only to accept and equip such a site in the country. For this, there are many different effective ways that will help even decorate such a site.