The roof is an important structural part of the house, performing a number of the most important functions. It protects against atmospheric adversity and removes precipitation, provides insulation and makes a solid contribution to the formation of its own building style. In order for such a significant structure to "excellently" cope with the entrusted work, it is necessary to thoroughly think over the project and scrupulously figure out the dimensions.

Careful analysis and calculation of two pitched roof required by both independent craftsmen and owners of suburban property using the services of construction organizations. Let's figure out how to do it right.

The roof, resembling an inverted V in a section, leads the list of pitched structures for a reason. In terms of simplicity of construction and cost-effectiveness, gable roof there are practically no rivals. For centuries, proven in practice, they are the basis for the construction of most roofing structures.

Unpretentious pitched planes do not require complex cutting of the coating and other materials, which results in an impressive amount of waste. No specific tricks are needed to implement intricate configurations. Precipitation does not linger on sloping surfaces, so there is no need to strengthen the waterproofing. As a result, the installation of a gable roof is often cheaper than a shed roof.

A roof with two slopes can be an independent object or part of a complex of structures similar or great shape. The simplest version of it does not have built-in dormer windows and canopies over entrance porch, i.e. there are no additional fractures, ridges and accompanying valleys.

The absence of convex and concave corners deprives the master of "pleasure" to suffer with a number of difficult operations. Again, the owners will not get imaginary pleasure from leaks, which often appear at the joints of the pitched roof elements.

In principle, no one bothers fans of bizarre architecture to equip two slopes with numerous built-in structures. True, there are climatic limitations: in areas with a high volume of winter precipitation, the construction of roofs with numerous components is undesirable. In the grooves formed by excesses, favorable conditions are created for the accumulation of snow deposits. They will have to be cleaned faster than usual, and excessive zeal in the field of snow removal can cause damage to the coating with all the consequences.

However, adherents of simple and clear forms should not relax either. The corner roof configuration must be perfectly matched and calculated, otherwise it will not be able to perform the entrusted work flawlessly.

Despite the deceptive elementarity, there are tricks in determining the optimal form of the structure. It is impossible to overcome and circumvent them without knowledge technological subtleties, because all the parameters of the structure are interconnected:

• The width of the gable roof depends on the dimensions of the box and the type of coating, which in turn affects the selection of the steepness of the slopes.
• The slope of the roof depends on the climatic features of the construction area and on the type of roofing material.
• The combination of the above circumstances, width and slope, determines the height of the structure, which in the end may not meet architectural requirements and aesthetic considerations.

The impeccably designed roof has all the proportions perfectly matched. Its width and height determine the rise and slope necessary for the removal of precipitation in a particular area. Lower is impossible for technical reasons, higher is expensive and unreasonable, unless the unique architecture requires it.

Note that, coupled with an increase in steepness, the construction budget also increases. According to the slope they select roofing material. Focusing on its weight and specifics, design and calculate the truss frame. The calculation of the truss frame is carried out taking into account the listed parameters and taking into account the loads acting from the outside on the structure.

The interdependence of the proportions of the roof, the complexity of the construction of the truss frame and the nuances of the selection of the coating makes it necessary to determine the best shape through a banal selection. If something does not fit, replace or strengthen the supporting structures. Fortunately, the assortment on the construction market is now plentiful, and all kinds of methods have been developed to strengthen the structure.

If you are afraid of the upcoming calculations and shuffling of data, it is better to resort to a win-win solution - standard project. It is not for nothing that abroad all the houses of one settlement are equipped with roofs of equal height and covered with material of the same color and characteristics. Typification allows you to maintain landscape identity and reduce design costs.

However, even a typical design solution is not a panacea for technical troubles and aesthetic shortcomings. We must not forget about the individual dimensions of the box over which it is planned to build a roof. Compatriots deny leveling in height and steepness, therefore it is still desirable for us to deal with the proportions of the roof structure.

Step by step calculations

The configuration and dimensions of any pitched roof are set by the truss frame. On the edges of the rafter legs, slopes are laid, forming a dihedral angle. They construct truss systems from rolled metal and wood, use industrial structures and lumber in construction.

Let's look at the options available for the efforts of an independent master, i.e. construction method of erecting a roof frame from lumber.

Stage # 1 - choosing the type of truss system

The method of constructing a gable roof is indirectly related to the dimensions, but without taking into account the difference in the arrangement of structures, it will be difficult to understand the geometric parameters.

In the construction of gable roofs, two traditional technologies are used:

• Layered, according to which the top and bottom of the rafters have a strong fulcrum. The walls of the house, equipped with a Mauerlat, serve as the lower support. The top of the layered rafter legs rests on a running beam that forms a ridge. The girder is supported on a specially built for it support system, on the inner wall or on the stone pediments of the box, erected to the roof device. The layered method is mainly used in the arrangement of large houses with an internal bearing wall or near columns.
• hanging, according to which the tops of the rafters rest only against each other. The walls serve as a support for the bottom, as in the previous case. Hanging rafter legs form an equilateral triangle, the base of which is called a puff. Taken together, such a system does not create thrust, i.e. does not transfer the bursting load to the walls of the box. Rafter triangles are installed either ready for installation, i.e. assembled on the ground, or constructed from separate rafters on site. The absence of an upper support makes adjustments to the scope of use: the hanging method is used in the arrangement of only small buildings with small spans.

Schemes of truss systems of both types include a minimum of structural elements when overlapping boxes up to 8-10m wide.

When arranging spans larger, there is a danger of deformation of the rafter legs. To eliminate sagging and deflection wooden parts from lumber, install reinforcing elements: struts, contractions, side runs, etc.

Additional details provide rigidity and stability of a large structure, but increase the load. How the total load is determined and produced, we have already analyzed.

Step #2 - Width Calculation

Both types of wooden truss systems are built along the floor beams or along the Mauerlat. How the width of the roof is calculated depends on the type of base:

• When mounted on floor beams, it is they who form the cornice overhang, i.e. determine the dimensions of the roof.
• When installed on a Mauerlat, the width of the roof is determined by adding three values. You need to sum up the width of the box and two projections of the width of the cornice overhang. However, only the bearing part of the width of the roof, equal to the width of the box, is used in the calculations.

The function of the Mauerlat in frame buildings is performed by the upper trim, which at the same time connects the disparate elements into a single frame. In wooden construction, the upper crown, folded with a bar or log, serves as a Mauerlat.

In the case of using the "beam" scheme of the device, the so-called matrices are used - bars or logs laid under the upper crown of the foot as an overlap.

Eaves overhangs of roofs installed on the Mauerlat can be formed directly by rafter legs, fillies sewn to them or a brick ledge. The latter option, of course, is used in the construction brick walls. The choice of overhang width is dictated by the type roofing and the material from which the walls are composed.

• For slate roof no more than 10 cm;
• For shingles in the range of 30-40cm;
• For metal tiles 40-50cm;
• For profiled sheet 50cm;
• For ceramic tiles 50-60cm.

Walls made of logs and timber require enhanced protection from slanting rains, therefore the overhangs above them are usually increased by 10-15 cm. If the limit value of the overhang width recommended by the manufacturer is exceeded, it is necessary to provide for measures to strengthen it.

It is possible to install external struts on the walls or support pillars, which can simultaneously play the role of structural elements of the terrace, porch, veranda.

Stage # 3 - determining the slope

The angle of inclination of the slopes is allowed to vary within the widest limits, on average from 10º to 60º with permissible deviations in both directions. Traditionally, both planes of a gable roof have equal angles of inclination.

Even in asymmetric structures for residential buildings, they are mainly located at an equal angle, and the effect of asymmetry is achieved by constructing different-sized slopes. Most often, differences in the slope of the main parts of the roof are observed during the construction of country houses and domestic facilities.

The procedure for determining the optimal steepness of a gable roof is significantly influenced by three factors:

• The type of coating, coupled with the weight of the crate intended for it. The type of roofing material determines the installation technology and the method of arranging the base for its fastening. The denser the roof is, the lower the value of the slope can be. The fewer overlaps and joints between the elements of the coating, the lower the roof is allowed to be. And vice versa.
• Roof weight with. A heavy coating located at an angle to the horizon presses on the base only with its projection. In short, the higher the slope, the less mass is transferred to the floor. Those. under a heavy roof you need to build a steep roof.
• Climatic specificity of the region. The high slope helps to quickly drain snow and water, which is highly desirable in areas with significant rainfall. However, high slopes are very sensitive to the effects of winds that tend to overturn them. Therefore, in regions with characteristic strong winds it is customary to build gently sloping structures, and in areas with abundant rainfall - roofs with a high slope.

AT normative documentation, used in calculating the angles for the construction of gable roofs, there are units that can confuse inexperienced home builders in roofing. The simplest value is expressed in dimensionless units, the most understandable - in degrees.

The second version conveys the ratio of the height of the roof to half its width. To determine it, a line is drawn from the central point of overlap to the top of the roofing triangle. real line carried out on the scheme of the house, imaginary at the facility. The value is indicated either as a percentage, or as a mathematical ratio such as 1: 2.5 ... 1: 5, etc. In percentages, it is wiser and more inconvenient.

Stage # 4 - determining the height of the skate

A roof with two slopes, at the request of the owner, may or may not have an attic. In the attic spaces of gable roofs, it is not supposed to arrange useful premises. There is for this. However, the height of the attic used for servicing and inspecting roofs at an angle is not arbitrary.

According to the requirements of the fire service from the top to the ceiling should be at least 1.6 m. The upper limit is dictated by the aesthetic beliefs of the designers. They argue that if the height of the roof is greater than the height of the box, then it seems to “press” on the building.

The height of the ridge top for hanging roofs arranged on beams is easiest to determine by the drawing method:

• We draw a diagram of the box of the house on a scale.
• We are looking for the middle of the upper floor.
• From the middle up we lay the axis of symmetry.
• On either side from the middle, we set aside half the width of the roof - we get the extreme point of the overhang.
• With the help of a protractor, from the extreme point of the overhang, we draw a straight line at an angle recommended by the roofing manufacturer. The point of its intersection with the axis will be the top of the roof. We measure the distance from the top to the overlap, we get the height.

To get a complete picture, on the diagram you need to draw a second slope in a similar way. Parallel to the lines of the drawn slopes, two more lines must be drawn at a distance equal to the thickness of the rafter legs on the same scale.

If the configuration of the roof does not suit you, you can "play" with the height on paper, changing the position of the vertex point and the slope of the roof within reasonable limits. The same manipulations can be carried out in one of the drawing programs.

When drawing the outline of a roof constructed using layered technology, the thickness of the running beam should be taken into account. With impressive power, it will slightly shift the position of the slopes.

Craftsmen believe that the calculations of the elements of the truss system for the construction of a gable roof can generally be reduced to calculating only the section of the run. This is the most loaded element, all the others have the right to be thinner. For example, if calculations show that a 100 × 150 mm material is required for a ridge run, then a 50 × 150 mm board is enough for rafters, supports, struts.

The process of finding the height of structures with overhangs formed by filly is slightly different from the described method. It’s just that the slope angle is drawn not from the extreme point of the overhang, but from the lower attachment point of the rafter to the Mauerlat. In any case, it is better to choose variations with the steepness and dimensions of the gable roof planned for construction on “paper” than on the construction site.

Stage # 5 - calculation of material consumption

A normal owner thinks ahead of time about the construction budget. True, in the preliminary estimate, by definition, there will be inaccuracies. The process of erecting a gable roof will impose its own adjustments on the initial calculation of the material, but it will help to find out the amount of basic expenses.

The preliminary estimate should include:

• Beam for the Mauerlat device. In residential construction, lumber with a cross section of 100 × 150 mm to 200 × 200 mm is used. The footage is calculated around the perimeter of the box with a 5% margin for processing and connections. A similar material is purchased for the bed device, if it is designed.
• Board for the manufacture of rafters. Most often, for the manufacture of rafter legs, material is used with a cross section from 25 × 150 mm to 100 × 150 mm. The footage is determined by multiplying the length of the outer edge by the number. The material is purchased with a margin of 15-20%.
• A board or bar for making struts, puffs and supports with a section of 50 × 100, 100 × 100 mm, depending on the project. You also need a margin of about 10%.
• Material for the device of the crate. Its consumption depends on the type of finish coating. The crate is constructed either solid, if it will be produced, or sparse for corrugated board, metal tiles, ordinary tiles, slate, etc.
• Roll waterproofing, the footage of which determines the type of roof and the steepness. High roofs are covered with a waterproofing carpet only along the overhangs, the ridge and in convex or concave corners. Gentle ones are covered with a continuous carpet.
• Finish coating. Its amount is calculated by summing the area of ​​​​the slopes. If there are embedded dormer windows, then their areas are also calculated. Only calculated as a rectangle, not in fact. The amount of laying stock is recommended by the coating manufacturers.
• Material for sheathing gables and overhangs.
• Corners, plates, self-tapping screws, staples, nails. We need anchors and studs, their number will tell the project.

You will also need shaped elements for arranging through passages through the roof, valleys, overhangs, ridge. The cost estimate presented is valid for a cold design. For an insulated roof, it will be necessary to purchase insulation and a vapor barrier film, a bar for a control batten and material for roof sheathing from the inside.

1. What is important to know for calculations and what are the dangers of errors
2. Types and forms of modern roofs
3. Ridge run and slope angles
4. Calculations of the height of roofs of various shapes
5. Roof calculation using online resources
6. What to consider when starting roof calculations

The final stage in the construction of any house (be it a spacious main dwelling or a small country house) is the arrangement of the roof. It is she who gives the exterior a presentable and complete look, but at the same time performs a very important function - it retains heat, creates a cozy, most comfortable and pleasant atmosphere inside. It is this element of any structure, without exaggeration, that is called one of the most important.

What determines the height of the structure and what is taken into account when performing pre-assembly calculations

It is especially important to know how to calculate the height of the roof for a house, and to understand exactly how to do it correctly. That is why you need to take some time to study this issue. Inaccuracies made in pre-wiring calculations lead to serious problems that are too difficult to deal with later. Often, to eliminate errors, you have to start work on arranging the roof again. For example, if the slopes are made with a small angle of inclination, then winter snowfalls will cause serious harm to such a design (due to the accumulation of snow, there is a risk that the roof will break). It is logical to assume that you can just make a high ridge and all problems will be solved, but this is not the case, because a roof that is too high is most vulnerable to gusts of wind.

Thus, when starting to calculate the roof and slope angles, as well as the arrangement of the roof, it must be remembered that its height is significantly influenced by:

• the general square of the structure;
• climatic conditions (as you may have guessed, in regions with snowy winters, sloping roofs are not recommended, which are optimal for warm continents);
• material for arranging the roof, as well as battens;
• selected form;
• height of the main building;
• personal preferences and tastes of the owner.

A number of other factors also largely affect the design parameters, for example, there is a direct dependence on the layer of insulation laid or the installation of snow retainers. The dimensions of the ridge are related to the features of the truss system, but at the same time they can increase the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof and the amount of materials required for its arrangement.

All of the above confirms the fact that the strength of the structure, the durability of its operation, the aesthetics and harmony of the external appearance of the building depend on the size of the roof.

What are the common types of modern roof structures

The type of roof has the most direct influence on the calculation and the formulas used for it, as well as on the amount and, therefore, on the consumption of the material that needs to be purchased for the roof. Today, the following structures are most often erected:

• shed (it is preferable to use it for outbuildings);
• gable (the most popular for residential buildings);
• four-slope. Too great choice for residential buildings. Various options are provided here: spectacular tented ones (a characteristic feature of which is the same size and shape of all slopes) or complex hip ones (their feature is the participation of two triangular hips and two slopes with a break (trapezoid shape));
• attic (consists of two slopes, but always with a break). This fracture allows you to increase the area of ​​​​the attic.

Skate and determination of rational slope angles

For calculations of different forms of roofing, such a value as the size of the ridge is used. This name refers to the upper, horizontally located rib of the structure, which was formed at the intersection of two roof slopes (inclined planes).

There is a ridge on all types of roofs, except for hipped and domed ones. If the design is simple gable, then it is one, but if it is complex, then the skates are formed from two or more. During the construction of the roof, the rafter legs rest on the ridge runs, and based on which roofing material is chosen for the final coating, the base of the ridge is also selected.

Knowing how to calculate the roof height of a house correctly is also necessary for building a reliable and durable structure, as well as in order to predict the preliminary construction costs and plan a budget. In calculating the rational angle of inclination, the material from which it was decided to lay out the roof is taken into account: some roofing coverings can be laid at an angle of up to 90 degrees, while others can only be laid from 15 to 60 degrees.

When choosing which slope of the planes to choose a roof for your home, you need to take into account the functionality, general appearance the resulting structure (after all, you want to get an aesthetic structure) and climatic conditions. As practice shows, for European countries, an angle of 35-40 degrees can be called an ideal solution.

Examples of calculations that are easy to do on your own

Basically, if we are talking about simple designs roof, it will take quite a bit to calculate the height of the roof: a calculator and a few well-known principles from the basics of geometry, which are still taught in the school curriculum.

We take the basic principle of calculation from the rule that the length of one leg in a right triangle will be equal to the length of the other, if it is multiplied by the tangent of the angle formed with the base.

• we measure the width of the building (let's say we have a four-meter house);
• we accept the angle value equal to 35 degrees (as the recommended optimal option for European latitudes);
• we calculate the tangent, it is obtained for a given angle of 0.7002;
• 4 meters * 0.7002 = 2.8 meters.

The most complex calculations are accompanied by the arrangement of a mansard-type roof, feature which can be called the presence of two slopes with a break, which from the side makes its general appearance as if “broken”. Arrangement of a sloping roof will increase the functional area of ​​​​the attic. The calculation of the hip roof is based on the above example of calculating the height of a gable roof, but do not forget that the roof has more than one angle of inclination, but several. Before moving on to settlement operations, you need to decide on them. Practice shows that it is best to choose the following angles:

• for the lower - over 40 degrees;
• for the rest - less than 40 degrees, but always more than 15.

To simplify the calculations, but at the same time to get the most accurate result quickly, experts prefer to use the “golden section” method; for this, the roof outline is inscribed in a circle in the drawing. By resorting to this successful rule, you can easily solve the question of how to correctly calculate the height of the roof, and most importantly, avoid inaccuracies in the calculation, which in practice will lead to the fact that the general appearance of the structure will be unaesthetic, inharmonious and simply ugly.

Where to go for help: online resource and consultants

If the roof being erected is of complex shape, then it also requires more voluminous, lengthy calculations. For calculations, data on the cross section of the rafters, the step between them, the size of the spans of the truss structure are used. In addition, the dimensions of the roof windows, chimneys, the presence of parapets and overhangs are taken into account, it will definitely be necessary to analyze the possibility of supports and the endurance of the foundation.

Today, anyone who does not know how to calculate the height of a roof can do this by contacting assistants who can be found on the Internet. These can be specialists who are ready to provide you with such services online, or a special Internet resource called a "calculator", in which case the site visitor enters the requested data and the system makes calculations based on them.

When choosing who to turn to for help, remember that the hip roof is an expensive design, so it does not tolerate mistakes and inaccuracies. The correctness of the calculations performed must be guaranteed. For beginners, the calculations of hipped, hipped and hipped roofs turn out to be quite complicated, so it is better to entrust them to a designer with experience in this field. On your own, you can only deal with calculations relating to single-slope structures for outbuildings and garages, or simple gable structures built to cover a small country house.

The classic roof of a Russian hut is a gable roof. The rafter system for it is quite simple, and this has ensured great popularity for this type of roof. hip roof(four-slope), for example, is geometrically more complicated. It is more difficult to calculate and build, so let's take on the calculation of a symmetrical roof with two slopes. Its calculation consists in determining the length of the rafters that form pairs. Each of these pairs joins neighboring roof trusses with the help of a crate. The ends of the roof are triangular gables. The length of the rafters, like the height of the roof, will be determined by its angle. How to choose it correctly? This will tell the weather prevailing in the area.

Skate height selection

Those who have been to the Baltic countries or Scandinavia could notice that the roofs of village houses there are pointed. This is due to the high amount of precipitation, which, in turn, is explained by the predominance of the maritime and temperate climate. Water immediately flows from such a roof, and snow does not linger at all. However, the neighborhood with forested hills reliably protects these settlements from strong winds, so the large windage of such roofs is not of great importance. In Arab houses, the roofs were flat, because the amount of precipitation in the desert area is minimal. But strong dry winds do occur in such regions. In the same place where winds rage in the middle lane, you can find houses with completely different roofs - almost flat or arched, because just the lack of windage or good streamlining plays a big role. And if such houses used to be built intuitively, based on the experience of generations, today for different regions of Russia, sets of rules have been created that describe wind and snow loads on the roof. In particular, this is SP20.13330.2011, developed on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85* "Loads and Impacts". In the central region of the country, for example, it is recommended to choose the height of the ridge so that the angle of inclination of the slopes is approximately 30–45 °. It is this angle that will make it possible to calculate both the height of the roof ridge and the length of the rafters.

Let's turn to school geometry. Our roof must be presented in the form of a triangle, in fact, which is each of its gables. Such a triangle will be obtuse. We divide it along the axis of symmetry into two right-angled triangles. We received two legs, one of which (a) is known to us - this is half the width of the house. The second leg (b), which is not yet known, is the height of our roof.
b = a * tan α, where:
α - the angle of the roof, taken from the set of rules. The tangent of this angle can be calculated on an engineering calculator or use mathematical tables. The resulting leg b is the height of the roof. Knowing both legs, we can calculate the value of the hypotenuse. This is the approximate length of the rafters. However, since the roof often extends beyond the walls of the house, hanging over them, the length of the rafters can be increased. It all depends on the architecture of a particular building. Knowing the length of the rafters and the length of the roof itself, which in this dimension can also protrude beyond the edges of the house, hanging over the gables with a visor, we can already calculate its area, and therefore the amount of roofing material.

Calculation example

Let's say the house has a width of 6 m. Divide it in half and get 3 m. This is our leg a. The slope angle recommended for building a house in this area is 45 °.
b \u003d 3 * tg 45 ° \u003d 3 * 1 That is, even without tables and a calculator, it will become clear that the height of the roof will be 3 m, that is, half the width of the house.

The height of the roof affects the appearance of the house, the complexity of assembling the truss frame and technical specifications. Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to sizing and only then purchase material. In order to make calculations, it is not necessary to contact specialized organizations. In the article we will discuss how to correctly calculate the height of the roof, as well as what affects it.

What affects the height of a skate?

A ridge is a horizontal edge connecting the tops of two roof slopes. Overestimation and underestimation of the height negatively affects the operation of the roof, spoils the appearance of the building. Therefore, when calculating, it is not enough to be guided only by your own taste. Before calculating the height of the skate, it is important to pay attention to various technical conditions.

In the article, we will default to roofs with equal slopes in length and angle of inclination. This will make it easier to determine the height, although all the principles described apply to asymmetrical structures.

According to geometry, one of the slopes will be the hypotenuse, and the distance from the ridge to the base will be the leg.

Now let's go over each item in more detail.

Roofing

Different materials have their own slope requirements. The calculation of the height of the ridge will depend on this indicator. gable roof. There is general principles choice of material depending on the angle of the slope:

1. For small piece elements, the slope of the slope should be greater than for long sheet materials. This is due to the fact that when moisture accumulates in the joints, leaks may appear. Therefore, skates for slate roof higher than skates on a metal roof. The fact is that the length of the wave slate is only 1.75 m, and the metal roofing material can occupy the entire length of the slope.
2. The height of the ridge roof also affects the number of joints. With an underestimation of the angle, the number of joints and overlaps should also decrease. Therefore, large-sheet and roll materials are considered the most reliable options.
3. Heavy roofing elements are placed on steep slopes. Roofs made of slate and ceramic tiles have a large mass, so they make a steep slope. So, they do not bend the rafter beams.

It is worth remembering that the steeper the slope, the more material will be needed to cover the roof. So, if we take as 100% the need for a slope angle of 7-10 °, then an angle of 45 ° will require 150% overrun, and an angle of 60 ° - all 200%.

The dimensions of the slopes relative to the width of the house will change along with the height of the ridge.

Attic space

There are two types of houses: with and without an attic. Each option has its own conditions for calculating the height of the ridge. If the attic is residential, then 30-40 cm is added to the height of the tallest owner. But it is better to think about the guests by making the ceiling at a height of 2.4 meters. But it is important to remember that this is only the ceiling, not the height of the roof. Here you will need to add another half a meter or more, depending on preferences.

If the attic is non-residential, then the height of the ridge is calculated under the influence of fire safety. One of the points obliges the owners to provide a through passage under the roof with a height of at least 1.6 meters and a width of 1.2 m. With complex truss systems, these dimensions can be reduced by 0.4 m. This space will provide free air exchange and passage for repairs, inspection.

Barren buildings are built in such a way that additional walls are erected over the ceiling of the previous floor. For example, in semi-mansard buildings, the height of the walls is increased by 1.4 meters. In such structures, the height of the roof is measured from the lower edge of the Mauerlat. Such designs are suitable for climatic zones with strong winds. This makes it possible to reduce the slope of the slope.

Non-attic structures are popular in the construction of garages, warehouses and other small residential buildings. Usually they do not provide for an attic floor, thereby saving material and time.

atmospheric phenomena

Climatic conditions directly affect the height of the ridge. Therefore, in different cities there is a "golden" slope slope. Atmospheric factors include the following:

1. Precipitation. The more snow it rains in your area, the more slope you need to do. Accordingly, the height of the roof also increases. If this condition is neglected, then the likelihood of leaks increases.
2. Wind. For areas with medium and low winds, there is no difference in the height of the ridge. But so, where strong, gusty winds often blow, usually the roof slope does not exceed 10 °. This imposes certain restrictions on the materials used. Without taking into account the strength of the wind, you risk losing the entire roof structure.
3. The amount of snow. There is a relationship between the steepness of the slope and the amount of snow. The more it falls in winter, the greater the angle you need to make. The reason for this is the increased load on truss system. It is recommended to give preference to slopes with a slope of more than 45 °.

You can determine the features of the region of residence by contacting the local weather service or reference literature. The regulatory documentation SNiP 23-01-99 or SP 20.13330.2011 has weather maps and recommendations for construction.

Ways to calculate the height of the ridge

The calculation of the height of the roof largely depends on your preferences. There are two main ways:

• mathematical;
• graphic.

Let's deal with the mathematical method of counting. As already mentioned in the first subheading, a gable isosceles roof was taken by default. We have the ability to calculate the required height if we know the slope angle and the distance between the slopes. Now you need a Bradis table and a calculator. In the reference literature we find the value of the tangent of our angle, and then we multiply it by half the length between the slopes. The result is the height of the skate.

Let's consider the calculation on a real example. Suppose that our building has dimensions of 7x10 meters. At the same time, we are in an area with medium winds, and we use metal tiles as roofing. We do not plan to equip the attic, but we take the slope equal to 20 °, so that rainwater flowed without problems.

It turns out that the length of the leg is 7/10 = 3.5 meters. According to the table, the tangent of 20° is 0.839. Now we multiply the resulting numbers: 3.5 * 0.839 \u003d 2.94. This means that the height of the gable roof ridge, from the bottom of the Mauerlat, is 2.94 meters.

The graphical method is suitable for those who have a sheet of paper, a pencil and a ruler with a protractor at hand. All that is needed is to draw the roof in section, observing the scale. To do this, draw a horizontal line, mark the boundaries of the roof base on it. Determine the midpoint and draw a perpendicular. On one side, use a protractor to draw a line at the desired angle. The intersection point will show the height, you just need to measure it with a ruler.

The resulting result will be approximate, you also need to add 2/3 of the thickness of the rafter leg to it. Small deviations are acceptable and do not critically affect the operation of the roof. These errors are made up of the need to make ventilation under the metal tile and battens.

In order to mark the desired height in reality, it is enough to determine the middle of the building. Then nail a vertical bar or pole at the desired height. After the calculation has been made, try to transfer it as accurately as possible from paper to a real building. Then the roof will last for many years and will not leak on the rainiest days.

In ancient times, people realized that the world around them was in harmony and balance. They resorted to the help of myths and religion to learn more about the order to which nature is subject. Today we turn mainly to scientists and mathematicians to help us explain what is happening in the world around us. This abandonment of the intuitive and instinctive approach and the expression of greater confidence in the rational and intellectual disciplines occurred gradually. However, there was a wonderful person who stood tall at the crossroads of these two forces. Pythagoras was an outstanding ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician who lived in the 6th century BC. He deduced theorems that we all study to this day. But, besides this, he was also the founder of the doctrine of sacred meaning numbers and mathematical science. According to the teachings of Pythagoras, each number contains a certain mystical component that can be comprehended in the process of meditation and reflection. He felt that understanding the divine meaning of mathematics opened the way to the mysteries of the entire cosmos.

One of mathematical theories Pythagoras is of great importance for the design of our homes. He was convinced that there is an organic harmony in nature, which can be expressed through numbers and proportion, and that these proportions can be applied to the construction of houses or other buildings. Using the principles of his Theory of Sacred Proportion, you can "move" the energy in your home from the place where it is felt to be unfavorable to the place where it begins to have a beneficial effect on you. Proportions are based on the ratio different parts one whole. A ratio expresses the difference in size between two parts or properties. It defines the difference between objects or images. Proportions are at the core of the concept of aesthetics, allowing for a balance of composition that can create a sense of integrity and unity with the environment.

Pythagoras proclaimed quite definite proportions, which he considered ideal for the prosperous existence of people. He called it the Golden Mean (meaning that such proportions are something in between), the Golden Ratio, or the Golden Rectangle. This magical proportion is also sometimes called the Sacred Proportion. Although the ancient architects in the cultural traditions of the whole world were already familiar with the magical ratio of different parts of one whole, Pythagoras was the person who brought it to a transcendental standard.

Such proportions, embodied in anything, are usually pleasing to the eye, and they are found everywhere in nature. One example of this proportion is the nautilus shell, where each individual part is identical in shape to the one that follows it. And although they differ in size, all parts are of the same proportions, and all shells are in the form of a spiral that unwinds from the sacred center. Each part of the shell thus leaves room for the next part, while being the embodiment of a magical spiral.

golden ratio also embodied in the proportions of the human body. The famous drawing by Leonardo da Vinci, which correlates the proportions of the human body with size geometric shapes, is an good example proportions of the golden section. The ancient architects observed nature, and this is how they discovered the Sacred Proportion. They realized that such a proportion is favorable for human soul. People usually like buildings built in the classical style.

This is partly because classical architecture is often based on ancient traditions that are based on the proportions of the Golden Ratio. The floor of the king's chamber in the Great Pyramid is a magnificent example of the embodiment of the proportions of the Golden Ratio. Ancient Greek temples, such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis near Athens, were also built according to the proportions of the Golden Ratio. The same can be said about the magnificent Taj Mahal. Cathedrals and tombs in France since the 10th century after the birth of Christ were also built in accordance with the Sacred Proportion to create an atmosphere that would help those who pray to experience transcendental (i.e. contemplative, philosophical - Note, per.) sensations.

The ratio of this classical proportion equals 1:1.618, but in order to use such proportions in your home, you do not need to do complex mathematical calculations at all. This proportion is a tool that is available to everyone, because when the environment meets the rule of the golden mean, it is felt by us as "correct". (See below for a method of determining the Sacred Ratio.) You can use the Golden Mean rule when arranging furniture in your room, creating a garden layout, when deciding where a picture should hang, and when choosing a garden or landscaping design.

It is quite easy to use the principles of Sacred Proportion in your home. Carmen and her husband moved into a house where the living room was narrow and long. She said that every time she entered the room, she felt squeezed like a lemon and the proportions of the room pressed on her from all sides. Unpleasant sensations, which she and her husband experienced in this room, led to the fact that they simply could not be in it for any long time. Using the Golden Ratio principle, I showed them where the line of natural proportion was in their room. I suggested that they move the furniture to emphasize this proportion, and in addition, I suggested that they use flowers, moldings and even columns to divide the room into separate parts. They decided to paint the walls of the main part of the room in a different color, add moldings and use furniture in such a way that it emphasizes the lines of proportions of the Golden Ratio. Ultimately, the result was just wonderful, the room now "looked great", and they enjoyed spending time there together.

CALCULATION OF THE SACRED PROPORTION IN YOUR HOUSE
Measure the width of the room. Multiply the width by 1.618 to find the perfect length. For example, if the width of the room is 12 feet, then you multiply 12 feet by 1.618 and the result is 19.416, which is


will match the length of the room. You don't need to do precise calculations to determine the right size to the last centimeter, so that your room will correspond to the Sacred Proportion. The approximate calculations you make can also give a great result that you will immediately feel for yourself. It is not unusual that when furnishing your room, you can also use complex calculations to place individual items there in accordance with the Golden Mean rule. This is possible for the reason that you can feel correct proportions. Be that as it may, in any case, in everything that concerns the design of your home or office, you should always remember that in the end you should ask yourself: "Am I experiencing pleasant sensations?" You can also use the golden ratio to determine what your garden will look like. For example, if your yard is long and narrow, you can size it according to the Golden Mean principles and then plant hedges or flower beds to create a sense of harmonious proportions. You can also split your garden into multiple Golden Rectangles. Garden arches, paths, fences and gates can all be successfully used to emphasize lines that follow the rule of the Golden Mean and create opportunities for transforming sensations. o Arrange furniture in your home and plan your garden according to the rules of Sacred Proportion. o Place a nautilus shell in your home. o Buy and make yourself a frame for a mirror and for a picture of such dimensions that they correspond to the Sacred proportions. o Buy five-petaled flowers (natural or artificial) and display them in your home or office, such as roses, and edible fruits from five-petaled plants. Feng Shui, like architecture, is based on certain rules and obeys its own specific laws, but these rules and laws were determined by people who, when establishing them, were guided primarily by their intuition, understanding well what they need and what suits them. the best thing. The use of the Golden Mean rule almost always and everywhere has an incredible effect on environment. However, when using them, it is important to remember the need to always and in everything rely on your own intuition. In other words, even if you did everything in accordance with the laws of the Golden Mean, it may not always feel good to you, and this will be bad feng shui.

Designing a house according to the golden section

The golden section in the design of residential buildings

For many centuries, the golden ratio has been the basis of architecture, painting and other arts. The golden section is a natural harmony, proportionality, which can be found in a variety of living structures - in the pattern of wood fibers, in the arrangement of flower petals, in the structure of shells and the human body. That is why since ancient times mankind has been striving to use this harmony in everyday life, including in construction.

The very concept of the golden section was introduced by the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who managed to derive the formula of the so-called "divine" proportion. He defined it as the division of the whole into two unequal parts, while the smaller part is related to the larger one in the same way as the larger one is to the common whole. If a unit is taken as a whole, then its greater part will be 0.618, and the smaller one - 0.382. These numbers can be used for designing houses according to the golden ratio.

How to use the golden ratio in construction?

All important features of the future building should be incorporated into it at the design stages. Construction planning according to the golden section begins with the definition of the main module of the building, which will act as a conditional unit. It is to it that all other dimensions of the object will subsequently be attached, and taking into account it, the internal space of the object will be divided into sections.

As a module, the most important value of the future structure, you can take the average human height or a number approximately corresponding to the growth of the future owner. Thus, the owner will be able to plan the construction of an object that will best suit him.

Other ongoing design and construction works will depend on the purpose of the owner. The golden section rule can be used not only in the construction of objects, but also in the design of interior and exterior decoration of houses.

Where can the golden ratio be used?

Wanting to build the most functional and attractive residential building, the owner can use the golden section rule when determining the ratio of colors for decorating the facade or interior cladding. Given this rule, it becomes clear that two colors will need to be used to decorate a room or the entire building, moreover, one of them will be dominant, occupying about 60% of the entire space being designed, and the second - accompanying, occupying from 30% to 40%. An additional color can also be introduced into the interior, which should be no more than 10%; it can be used to emphasize individual decorative elements or structural details of the building.

As for the colors themselves, they are chosen taking into account the style of architecture and design. The main, accompanying and additional colors do not have to be very different from each other. Sometimes you can use several shades of the same color to decorate rooms, making soft transitions of tone and thus achieving the desired visual effect.

The golden section rule can also be used when creating a general design composition for external or interior decoration. In this case, the main detail of the composition is chosen, the most important focal point of lighting, furniture and decor. The surrounding space is filled with accompanying elements that emphasize the chosen style, the main constructive or design solutions. Experienced designers know that in any interior there should be dynamics and development. Single-colored and uniform houses do not attract attention, look gray and completely uninteresting.

You can also use the golden ratio when dividing walls into levels. To do this, you can use various physical elements, such as skirting boards. If the owner wants to make the division soft and less noticeable, then the wall can be left as a whole by applying the principle of the golden section in the arrangement of furniture or in hanging panels. With this method of interior design, it is better to use the most neutral main color, highlighting bright spots. decorative elements and all kinds of decorations.

It is very important when designing a building to maintain the correct ratio of furniture and available space. Taking into account the rule of the golden section, the furniture in each room should occupy no more than 60% of the total composition, otherwise the rooms will look cramped and cluttered. You can maximize the attractiveness and harmony of interior spaces by designing custom-made furniture. In this case, the owner will be able, taking into account the rule of the golden section, to determine the dimensions and characteristics of each individual element of the interior.

The 2/3 rule can be used in almost every issue regarding the design of the rooms of a residential building. So, when choosing a pendant lamp, you need to take into account that it should be located at a height of about 2/3 of the height of the room, the sofa should occupy no more than 2/3 of the partition allocated for it, the coffee table should be more than 2/3 of the size of the sofa, next to with which he is located.

The golden section rule can be used in the design of adjacent territories of apartment buildings and private buildings, however, such work is extremely difficult to perform, which is why it is recommended to involve experienced designers in their implementation. To determine the cost of services of specialists, you can use the calculator.