Equipment for the production of cast iron cookware. Production of ceramic dishes as a business: a list of equipment, a description of the technology, the nuances of organizing a business. Equipment for the production of ceramic dishes

19.04.2020

MichaelGaid / Pixabay

The production of ceramic dishes is one of those business sectors where one should not strive for an all-Russian scale and a total conquest of the market, since this is simply unprofitable. The organization of a large plant will require serious financial investments and labor. At the same time, even existing enterprises are not loaded at full capacity, respectively, it will be even harder for a newcomer. Meanwhile, a small workshop, for example, for the manufacture of designer utensils, with proper positioning, will be able to bring a decent profit, while the risks will be minimal. The main thing is to get in line fashion trends and ensure high quality products.

Features of the Russian market

Despite the abundance of new solutions, ceramics remains the main material for making dishes in Russia. The consumer is accustomed to trusting the quality and environmental friendliness of products originally from the USSR, which was superimposed on the opinion about modern goods. But if 20-30 years ago the bulk of ceramic dishes were made at domestic factories, today a significant amount is exported from China. This is not surprising, since the equipment available in the country is becoming obsolete without proper modernization, and business owners are no longer able to maintain the price ratio required by the consumer, appearance and consumer properties. An “aggravating” circumstance is the rise in price and problems with the supply of raw materials, which were previously mostly imported from Ukraine.

China, on the contrary, has all the necessary resources to produce large quantities of dishes of almost any quality: from the most budget options to luxury goods. Also popular are products from the UK, Japan, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland. Typically, in this case we are talking about the high and medium price categories.

As for domestic ceramic dishes, the situation is twofold. On the one hand, the consumer is happy to purchase products of Russian brands, guided by the already mentioned opinion about their high quality and safety. On the other hand, the existing manufacturers themselves contribute to the decline in the image of their products. Thus, only the degree of responsibility of the entrepreneur will determine the success of the new business. In this light, it is important to choose a high-quality ceramic mixture recipe, glaze, firing technology, as well as constantly keep abreast of fashion trends. This is the only way to ensure a constant influx of customers.

Types of ceramic dishes

There are three main materials for the production of ceramic tableware - ceramics, porcelain and earthenware. All three are varieties of ceramics, but have differences in the recipe and manufacturing technology.

Ceramic products are obtained by sintering clays with mineral additives and other inorganic compounds. This is the simplest solution. For the manufacture of earthenware and porcelain, more sophisticated technologies are used.

Porcelain is a thin-walled ceramic made from a mixture of koalin, quartz, feldspar or other aluminosilicates, capable of transmitting light through itself. To achieve this effect, the raw material is subjected to ultra-fine grinding (it is passed through a sieve with 10,000 holes per square centimeter). The porcelain surface is devoid of pores, characterized by strength, whiteness, thermal resistance and the ability to sound clean when touched.

Distinguish between hard and soft porcelain. Due to the high content of kaolin and the relatively low feldspar, hard porcelain products are distinguished by a uniform and white surface, as well as a characteristic ringing. They are obtained by double firing. First, at a relatively low temperature (about 1350°C), then, after applying the glaze, at a higher temperature (1450°C). It is in this way that expensive high-quality tableware, figurines, vases and other decor, insulators and laboratory containers are made.

The hard ones also include unglazed or biscuit (it is used, for example, for the manufacture of heads of porcelain dolls) and bone china. The second material contains the ashes of the bones of cattle, due to which it has excellent whiteness and translucency. However, the same component makes the products extremely fragile, so bone china is more often used for the production of decor, rather than dishes. The same applies to soft porcelain. In color and whiteness, it is no different from solid, but at the same time it is sensitive to temperature extremes and mechanical stress, therefore it is not suitable for making dishes.

Unlike porcelain, faience contains up to 85% clay and is fired at a lower temperature - 1050-1280°C. The result is inexpensive, medium-strength cookware, usually white color. The surface of the products contains pores and, accordingly, absorbs moisture, which leads to the need to cover the surface with a sufficiently thick layer of glaze. An example of such goods is the colored mugs and cups that are in every home.

Depending on the composition and characteristics, alumina, fireclay, lime and feldspar faience are distinguished. The latter is used for the production of dishes most often, due to its uniformity and high content of kaolin and clay in the mixture.

Enterprise assortment

It is necessary to determine the assortment of the enterprise as early as possible. Do not make it too big - 20-30 positions are enough. Products must be of high quality and harmoniously combined with each other, so that it is easier for the client to make a set.

The best sellers are ceramic dishes of the middle price category - cups, plates, dishes, sugar bowls, etc. It is recommended that the entrepreneur constantly work on updating the assortment - taking into account the wishes of customers and fashion trends.

It is also necessary to determine the main category of consumers. You can focus both on working with markets and dishware stores, the main customers of which are retail buyers, and on wholesale, for example, to catering establishments. AT last years in the country, the number of opening restaurants and cafes is steadily growing, which require large volumes of high-quality and beautiful dishes that meet European requirements in appearance and characteristics.

Another factor to consider as a ceramic tableware business owner is seasonality. The industry itself is not formally seasonal, but there are some nuances. So, in the hot season, sales may decline. The reason is the vacation period and the reluctance of consumers to stand at the stove. On the other hand, restaurants will buy more dishes for the same reason. In addition, the ceramic manufacturer needs to be aware of the high moisture absorption of the material. Accordingly, in very wet weather, it may be necessary to suspend the operation of the shop in order to avoid an increase in the number of rejects.

Raw material

For the production of ceramic dishes, clay and non-plastic materials are used. The former include kaolins, refractory, refractory and fusible clays, as well as bentonites (plasticizers). The group of non-plastic materials includes fireclay (a lean additive necessary to reduce the firing temperature and increase the strength of the shard), feldspar, talc, chalk, dolomite and other fluxes.

For decorating and protecting products from mechanical damage frosting is required. It is a feldspar, boron-lead, zirconium or other silicate glass, which is applied in a layer of 80-260 microns, depending on the type of product. Glazes can be transparent or deaf (completely cover the original color of the product). In the second case, they are called "enamels". By color, glazes are dyed and colorless. To give a particular shade, molecular (oxides and salts) or colloidal pigments are introduced into the composition.

When starting to organize the production of ceramic dishes, one should remember the high material consumption of the industry. To provide a relatively small enterprise, about 3-4 million tons of clay materials and 130-150 thousand tons of floodplain annually will be required. This means that, in addition to financial investments, it is necessary to take care of the storage of raw materials, transport costs and an efficient delivery schedule. By the way, it is possible to reduce the cost of raw materials for production through the use of enriched materials, the purchase of clay from regional deposits. Also, saving materials will contribute to the competent organization of storage space. It provides:

arrangement of buildings or covered areas raised above ground level and equipped with drains for water drainage;
purchase of chests and compartments for separate (by types, grades, brands) storage of materials;
acquisition of efficient lifting equipment - autocars, weight carts, overhead cranes;
development of a form of warehouse accounting cards, where the maximum and minimum stock of raw materials, the movement of materials within production are recorded.

All materials entering the warehouse must undergo quality control with fixation in the accounting logs.

If the company plans to work with raw materials supplied from abroad, it should additionally include the costs of paperwork and customs clearance of goods, as well as take into account the delivery time in the production schedule. However, in the same Ukraine it makes sense to buy clay materials in large volumes. The cost of a ton of clay in Russia is about 500-600 rubles. From a neighbor, materials of similar and higher quality can be purchased almost 2 times cheaper. As for glazes and other components, they are widely represented on the territory of the Russian Federation. You can get acquainted with the range of domestic suppliers on the Internet, for example, here (keramistika.rf, pottery world.rf, ceramgzhel.ru, breezecolour.ru).

Technology for the production of ceramic dishes + Video how they do it

The algorithm for the production of ceramic dishes will depend on the type of products, which is prescribed in technological maps Oh. In general, the process can be represented as a series of successive stages:

Raw material preparation. Almost all clay materials (except for special packaged mixtures) contain impurities upon delivery. Accordingly, you first need to clean the raw material from unnecessary mineral inclusions. Then it is ground, passed through a sieve and only then mixed with the rest of the ingredients according to the recipe.
Preparation of the working mass. Depending on the method of further processing, a certain amount of water is introduced into the dry mixture of components. For example, when casting complex products, a slip with a moisture content of 35% is required, simple dishes (saucers, plates) are molded using plaster molds and steel templates from plastic mass, the moisture content of which is about 25%.
Primary hardening. It can occur naturally or in a convector oven (70-90°C). The cost of such equipment is quite high, so it is rarely used in small-scale production.
Glazing, drawing and firing. The sequence and multiplicity of these operations is different for different types ceramics. So, in the case of pottery, a single firing is sufficient, and porcelain will need a double firing at high temperatures. Coloring can be overglaze (more often used for porcelain) and underglaze, and the glaze itself can be of different types.

Thus, the technology of manufacturing ceramic dishes should be selected individually. To do this, the product range is first determined, and then a technologist is hired to develop a production algorithm.

Equipment for the production of ceramic dishes

The minimum set of equipment for a small workshop, designed to produce about 1000 items of products in one cycle, may include:

a ball mill for making glaze (about 300 thousand rubles);
a molding plant for the production of ceramic dishes using plaster molds (160-300 thousand rubles);
box for spraying glaze (130-160 thousand rubles);
a pug mill for purging (extrusion) of ceramic mass and waste recovery (300-450 thousand rubles);
pouring tables for producing ceramic utensils using slip casting technology (about 130 thousand rubles per unit);
compressor equipment for the glazing unit (9-12 thousand rubles);
magnetic separator for removing impurities from water, slip, glaze (about 60 thousand rubles);
laboratory mill for mixing materials and modeling grinding processes in industrial units (90-120 thousand rubles);
mixers for mixing materials (pigments, dyes, glazes, etc.) in various technological processes(about 40 thousand rubles);
model machine for the production of plaster and ceramic models (150-200 thousand rubles);
settling separators for cleaning waste water from clay before being discharged into the sewer (20-35 thousand rubles per unit);
manual or automatic clay spreader for the manufacture of blanks of uniform thickness in the form of layers (30-150 thousand rubles);
sculptural machines with a rotating desktop for auxiliary operations in the design of products (15-40 thousand rubles per unit);
thermostats for kilns (30-60 thousand rubles);
ternetki for convenience when painting and stroking ceramic products (10-15 thousand rubles);
drying cabinets (30-100 thousand rubles).

Also, to equip the production, furniture (racks, tables, chairs), computer equipment and software for creating models will be required.

It is desirable to locate the production workshop in the industrial zone of the city. At the same time, it is worth taking care of the availability of a convenient transport interchange, equipped access roads and sufficiently spacious storage areas. The building itself must be connected to all communications, comply with the requirements of the SES, the Fire Inspectorate and labor protection standards.

3-4 workers in one shift will be able to serve a small production. You will also need an experienced technologist, loader, cleaner, driver. Doing accounting it is rational to transfer to outsourcing, and the functions of a sales manager and director at the first stage can be performed by the business owner.

Tableware certification

Ceramic utensils come into contact with food, therefore, they are classified as goods subject to mandatory confirmation of conformity, for which you will need to issue a mandatory certificate of conformity to the state standard or a declaration of conformity (depending on the type of product). For some types of goods (children's, laboratory glassware), it is additionally necessary to obtain a certificate of state registration. A declaration is drawn up in accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 24 FZ "On technical regulation". The quality of ceramic utensils is regulated by GOST 28390-89 and GOST 28391-89. The procedure for marking and packaging - GOST 28389-89.

Company registration

The form of business organization depends on the scale. For a small enterprise or a design workshop, the status of an individual entrepreneur is sufficient. However, if you plan to cooperate with specialized stores, catering establishments, hotels and other legal entities, LLC is required.

Depending on the specifics of the assortment, the appropriate OKVED-2 codes should be indicated:

23.41 - "Production of household and decorative ceramic products";
23.41.1 - "Production of table and kitchen ceramic utensils";
47.59.2 - "Retail sale of various household utensils, cutlery, dishes, glassware and ceramics, including porcelain and faience in specialized stores";
47.19 Other retail trade in non-specialized stores;
46.19 Activities of agents in the wholesale trade of a general range of goods;
46.44 Wholesale of ceramic and glassware and cleaning products;
46.49 Wholesale of other household goods;
46.90 Non-specialized wholesale trade;
47.78 Other retail sale in specialized stores;
47.89 Retail trade in non-stationary trade facilities and markets in other goods;
47.91 Retail trade by mail or via the Internet information and communication network;
53.20.31 Courier delivery activities various types transport;
82.92 Packing activities.

Attachment size

It will take about 2.5 million rubles to equip a small workshop with modern equipment. The volume and composition of the required stocks of raw materials is determined on the basis of technological maps. Also, funds are provided for the registration of an enterprise, certification of goods, rent and repair of premises, payment of utility bills and payment of wages as well as unforeseen expenses. Actual figures for the listed items may differ significantly depending on the region, the planned scale of activities and other factors, but, as a rule, they fluctuate around 1-1.5 million rubles. The predicted payback period for investments is from 3 years, subject to the availability of stable sales markets.

If the buyer usually has no doubts about the size of a cast-iron frying pan or the volume of a cauldron, then there are questions about quality and practicality. What is the difference between cast iron cookware from different manufacturers, what will be more convenient to use and last longer? Let's figure it out together.

NPP Seaton, Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk

Cast-iron utensils of Dnepropetrovsk production have been known for more than a decade. Pans from the first years of the enterprise can still be found in the kitchens of modern housewives. Quite often, heavy cast iron utensils are “inherited” and are actively used, regardless of their advanced age. The plant holds the bar of quality even now. Newly bought pans, pancakes or cauldrons will last just as long.

The company uses modern equipment, which achieves high quality finished products supplied to the European market and to the CIS countries. The produced cast-iron cookware has a smooth surface and undergoes heat treatment. It is corrosion resistant and has a long service life.

Seaton produces a very large range of cast iron cookware. For example, you can easily choose pancake pans with a diameter of 17 cm to 50, both for city cuisine and for picnics or cooking in the country.
Another advantage of the products of the Seaton plant is a large selection. They fit snugly to the dishes and do not allow moisture to evaporate in dishes that require long cooking. The food is especially juicy and flavorful.

Balezino, Russia, Udmurtia

A large assortment of cast iron cookware from this Russian manufacturer (more than 200 items) and its relatively low price is its competitive advantage.

The company produces cast iron cauldrons from 4 liters to 40 liters. Aluminum cauldrons 6,8,10,70,100 l, as well as a large assortment of furnace castings. You can choose a cauldron of any suitable size for a family, for cooking in the country, for outdoor events or for catering. Presented kitchen utensils for any consumer demand.

Balezino also offers the consumer aluminum utensils of a wide range of uses: from camping bowlers and kitchen utensils to bakery forms. Easy and reliable in operation, it has long been a hit on the consumer market in Russia and the former CIS and Baltic countries.

Ecolit LLC, Ukraine

It is still a very young company that managed to take a worthy place with its goods on the shelves of hardware stores. Rapidly developing production, modern equipment, high quality standards and attractive prices make it popular and in demand.
Cast iron cookware Ecolit has thicker walls, which provide better heat-conducting qualities in comparison with competitors. It is heavier, which, when applied to cast iron cookware, is a definite plus, as it allows you to cook stewed dishes with maximum nutritional and taste properties.

Grill pans and cauldrons have tight-fitting saj lids that can be used as a stand-alone pan. And this is an additional bonus for the buyer. Round lids (for cauldrons) and round heavy oppressions (for grill pans and pans for chicken tobacco) are produced.

To be continued...

In recent years, friends from different regions of Russia and even from other countries have regularly written to me with an unexpected question: “We bought a cauldron (a frying pan, a brazier) here yesterday, and “kukmara” is written below, is this from your homeland?
At first it surprised, and then we aksanova decided: how much can you talk about overseas wonders and distant regions, when in my native Kukmor not everything interesting has yet been studied and shown!

Today we will tell and show how the dishes are made under the Kukmara brand, which, as it turned out, has already spread throughout the planet. To be honest, I was pleasantly surprised by this fact. While we were studying the production, we learned that even Galileo had already managed to visit Kukmor and shoot a report on how a cauldron for pilaf is made! I invite you now to find out more about this later in the post.

2. So, where did we get to?! This is OJSC "Kukmor Metalware Plant" - one of the main manufacturers of cast aluminum utensils since 1950. A few centuries ago, the plant was called a copper smelter and was engaged in the manufacture of samovars, trays, pots from copper.

When I first heard that 60% of the cast dishes produced in Russia are made in the native regional center of Tatarstan, Kukmor, I did not believe it. And this is exactly so!

3. Currently, cauldrons, uchagi, pots, pans, pancakes and much more are produced here!
There are even giants - cauldrons of 110 liters each!

4. We go directly to the workshops to observe the stages of making dishes.
Aluminum for production comes in ingots of 10 kg. Its composition is tested in a special factory laboratory for suitability.

5. Production begins with the melting of aluminum alloys in furnaces at a temperature of 700 to 850 degrees! Heat!

6. The foundry is a real hot spot.

7. Liquid aluminum is poured into special molds with a ladle. A bewitching spectacle!

8. An excellent tower is obtained from them).

9. Oh how! Do you understand how to work?
:-))

10. After casting, excess metal remains on the blanks

11. In this regard, the product is subjected to further trimming and cleaning on special lathes

12.

13.

14. Like sculptures! We cut off the excess and get the result

16. Now you can start painting. It is produced in several stages. Coatings (2 and 3 layers) are applied manually by spraying with the help of special spray guns or on semi-automatic coating lines. Products are covered both from the inside and from the outside.

17. Primer first, it provides better adhesion of metal to non-stick coating increasing the service life of the product. The soil dries in a conveyor oven, where the product is sent

18. We have already started operating an automatic line, where all stages of coating are carried out on special equipment in one place

19. German and Italian non-stick coatings. Stored in a special refrigerator

20.

21. The product with dried primer exits the other side of the conveyor and is sent back to the paint booth.
From the outside and inside, the product is covered with a non-stick coating and again the oven. Crockery is exposed to temperatures of over 450 degrees in these tunnel ovens.

22. The next step after coating is drying followed by cooling

23. Uncoated cast utensils undergo grinding, assembly, quality control, picking and packaging

24.

25. The final stage in the production of aluminum cookware with non-stick coating is the turning of the bottom of the product.
Grooving is the removal of chips from the bottom of the dish

26. Which makes it possible to use not only on gas and electric stoves, but also on glass-ceramic ones.
Leveling the bottom increases the area of contact between the bottom of the cookware and the stove, which affects the speed and uniformity of the heating of the cookware

27.

30. The groove is also made for aesthetic purposes.

31. Nice to see the plant growing and expanding. These are new shops. I was surprised by the number of people employed at the enterprise - almost 700 people. For Kukmor with a population of 17,000 people and not with the best situation in search of a good job, such an enterprise is a solution for many of my countrymen

32.

33. There is also a workshop for tin products, where tripods, rods, molds, and dies are produced. They are covered with special oil so that they do not rust.

34. Further, depending on the assortment, the products are completed with glass or metal lids, removable handles. For a complete set are used as materials own production(stainless handles, rims for camping boilers, aluminum handles, etc.), as well as materials purchased from other manufacturers (glass lids, bakelite and wooden handles, fasteners, packaging containers). Fittings are mostly imported

34. Since I was born and raised in Kukmor, I met familiar faces almost everywhere at the enterprise - classmates, friends, acquaintances. It was nice!

35. Everything is ready and now it remains only to pack and send to the warehouse, wait for shipment to the wholesale customer

36. Liked the packaging design

37. Products are packed in a film with subsequent packaging in a shipping container

38.

39. I was very surprised by the variety of the plant's products. Before the tour in the marketing department, we managed to see a huge stand of dishes. And I thought that only frying pans and cauldrons are made!

40. Wrap me, please, each item two, no, three each!

Rinat Bilalovich, technical director of the plant and commercial director Amina Zagitovna, told us very intelligibly and in detail about the production. Thanks to everyone who organized this interesting and informative tour for us!

The business idea for the production of wooden utensils is easy to organize at home. But in order to develop from it a profitable business with short payback periods, it is necessary to increase productivity and reduce costs. This effect can only be achieved with special equipment. This business idea considers the rapid production of wooden utensils with a hemispherical shape.

An inexpensive woodworking lathe allows you to produce wooden utensils for a whole set of one piece. The unique operating principle of the machine saves expendable materials and at times reduces the time for the production of wooden bowls, plates, bowls, etc.

Wooden tableware has many advantages, which makes it attractive to the consumer. It has a place in every kitchen.

Benefits in wooden utensils

Wooden utensils are in demand due to their irreplaceable advantages:

Allows you to keep food hot for a longer time. At the same time, it does not burn your hands when serving hot dishes.
Improves the taste of food.
It has tonic bactericidal properties.
Absolutely eco-friendly.
Unbreakable, strong and durable.
Can be used for heating microwave oven (only for the microwave for a time of no more than 20 minutes, otherwise it will dry out, but for the grill it is impossible!).
Caring for wooden utensils does not require large expenditures. If over time the tree has darkened, it can be wiped with hydrogen peroxide to restore its original appearance (after which it must be rinsed).

Retail prices for wooden utensils depend on the complexity of the product, the size and type of wood. Comparative prices for pine wood dishes:

Name	Diameter	Height	Price
Wooden bowl	22cm	9cm	5,40$
Wooden bowl	21.5cm	8cm	5,15$
Wooden bowl	20cm	7cm	4,50$
Wooden bowl	19cm	6cm	3,80$
Wooden bowl	17.5cm	5cm	3,10$

Using a special woodworking lathe, one medium sized bowl takes less than 20 minutes to produce, along with sanding and polishing. You can sell wooden utensils through an online store, at fairs and markets, or to friends. Depending on the volume of home production.

Unique equipment for the manufacture of wooden utensils

Woodworking equipment for the production of wooden utensils depends on:

quality of finished products;
home production productivity;
business profitability.

For the economical production of wooden bowls, which are in good demand, a special machine is needed. Its peculiarity lies in the unique principle of action.

The base is no different from a standard woodworking lathe. The advantage lies in special arc-shaped cutters, which are mounted on hinges and upgraded with a compressed air supply. There are adjusting screws in the swivel points that allow you to adjust the exact movement of the cutters along the required trajectory. The compressed air supply nozzle is aimed at the place of work of the cutters, which allows not only to remove chips from the cut channels, but also to cool the cutter itself for its high-quality work. The advantage of the principle of operation of such a device is clearly displayed in the process of processing workpieces.

The principle of operation of a unique woodworking machine

Before starting work, you should adjust the radius of movement of the arcuate cutter around its axis. Adjusting screws set the arc of the outline of the trajectory of the cutter. In fact, we set the shape of our future bowl.

Next, firmly fix the workpiece in the chuck. lathe and fill the compressor reservoir with compressed air. Then turn on the machine to rotate the workpiece. We bring the end of the arcuate cutter to the workpiece, slowly moving it around its axis on a hinge. At the moment of contact of the cutter with the workpiece, we turn on the supply of compressed air.

Further, the cutter passes the radius along the trajectory in the nutria of the workpiece. Thus, the spherical bottom of the first wooden bowl is formed from its outer side. In the process of deepening the cutter, a deep internal roll is formed, from which chips are constantly removed due to compressed air. The cutter at this time does not overheat and smoothly cuts out the shape of the product.

The next step is to move the cutter to its initial position and retreat the required distance to form the wall thickness of the bowl. Already at the second stage, the cutter simultaneously cuts out the inner spherical surface of the bottom for the first bowl, and the outer surface for the second. After turning, the finished dishes are ground and polished.

Innovation makes business profitable

This unique principle of wood processing allows you to significantly:

Save wood consumption for making bowls.
Increase production productivity.
It is easy to create complex and spherical shapes in wooden utensils.
Receive wide range of hemispherical utensils.
Quickly make sets of bowls with already suitable nesting nesting molds (one inside the other).

A wide variety of shapes can be cut with an arcuate cutter (as shown in the figure). To do this, settings for the trajectories of movement of the cutters are provided. Or you can replace the cutter itself with another one with a different arc shape. Depending on what shape of wood you need to cut:

bowls;
plates;
cauldrons;
bowls.

All these types of dishes on this machine can be made in whole sets from 2-5 pieces. in one (depending on the shape).

This is a great equipment for quickly creating a business at home without a lot of investment. Some craftsmen may even try to make such a machine with their own hands. Its principle of operation is simple and clear. And the manufacture of such a machine does not require large investments. Produced wooden crafts on it will be sold and of course useful for personal use.

Foundry business is relevant and profitable. By opening, secure your plant necessary equipment. The quality of your products will depend on the quality of the industrial machines. Do not forget about compliance with safety standards, equip the workshop room in accordance with the established rules.

First of all, determine what type of frying pans your company will make. The wider the range, the more successful the business. Stop your choice on a specific raw material, for aluminum and cast iron cookware you need different equipment, it is very expensive, so it’s better to decide on one material.

Equipment for the production of cast iron pans

The production of cast iron pans implies the following equipment:

special heating oven 300°С;
induction melting electric furnace;
transfer container;
sand mold machine;
vibrating tape;
special pipe for cleaning;
natural non-stick coating sprayers.

Required for melting metal at a temperature of 1500 ° C. A large production of frying pans involves equipment that can hold at least 3 tons of molten raw materials. This indicator corresponds to the IST-1800 installations / 0.3, UIP-1600-0.25-3.0.

To the melting complex IST-1800 / 0.3 includes:

induction furnace equipped with hydraulic cylinders;
frequency converter;
compensating block of capacitors;
cooling unit;
control panel at a distance;
water-cooling equipment;
complete set of busbars;
set of sleeves, collars;
oil treatment apparatus;
remote control for raising and lowering the furnace.

UIP-1600-0.25-3.0 has a similar configuration and characteristics:

Features / Model	IST-1800/0.3	UIP-1600-0.25-3.0
Maximum furnace capacity, kg	3 000	3 000
Converter power, kW	1 800	1 600
Rated frequency of the loop circuit, kHz	0.25	0.25
Operating frequency range, kHz	0.25	0.25
Coolant flow, m3/h	28	33
Supply voltage, V	3 380	3 600

Molten cast iron is capable of melting any other metal, so special industrial sand is used as the material for casting molds in the production of cast iron pans.

sand mold making machine produces up to 1,500 molds per hour. Modern devices are equipped with a 3D system. Such a device has a line of ExOne printers:

Features / Model	S-Max Furan	S-Print Phenol	S-Print Silicate
Sand	quartz, corundum	quartz, synthetic	quartz, corundum
Binder	furan resins	phenolic resins	silicate resins
Construction area, mm	1800x1000x700	800x500x400	800x500x400
Layer thickness, mm	0,28-0,50	0.24	0,28-0,38
Error, mm	±0.3	±0.3	±0.3

Equipment for aluminum pans

If you decide to produce aluminum products, you will need:

melting devices;
lathes;
sandblasting machine;
automatic or semi-automatic coating lines;
conveyor oven.

From the domestic manufacturer InterMash LLC are presented in two forms:

stationary;
oblique.

Such equipment is convenient to use, aimed at processing aluminum ingots, ingots, scrap. InterMash devices have the following advantages:

automatic process control (PLC);
a window for loading raw materials of a large size;
refractory lining;
the drain hole is equipped with a baffle, which is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder;
systems for purification from generated gases;
maximum heating up to 1300°C;
combustion system based on regenerator burners.

Thyristor induction furnaces are also suitable for melting aluminum. For example, IPK-ST-3/2500-TG1.

They process products from excess pieces of metal, help to give the pans the desired shape. Choose equipment depending on the functionality and scale of production. Below are Jet metal cutting machines with different performance.

Features / Model	BD-6	BD-8A	BD-11W
Turning diameter over bed, mm	180	210	280
Turning diameter over cross support, mm	110	135	170
Distance between centers, mm	200	450	700
Spindle speed, rpm	100-2500	100-2000	150-2000
Spindle taper	MK-3	MK-3	MK-4
Spindle bore, mm	20	20	26
Cross caliper stroke, mm	65	100	160
Upper caliper stroke, mm	55	70	60
Tailstock quill	MK-2	MK-2	MK-2
Tailstock quill travel, mm	40	40	85
Output power, kW	0.25	1	1.1
Overall dimensions (LWxH), mm	600x300x300	1000x550x400	1390x700x1285
Weight, kg	36	94	230
Price, rub	70 000	175 000	252 000

Used as a deep cleaning of products under pressure. The abrasive type equipment removes all particles formed during the manufacturing process from the surface of the pan.

The Contracor DBS-100 device has:

pressure of 12 atm;
productivity 37 m2/h;
separator filter.

Model Russian production DSG-1000 from VMZ LLC uses as a material:

steel shot;
cast iron shot;
steel sand;
silicon carbide;
electrocorundum.

The cost of sandblasting machines is 15,000-50,000 rubles.

Teflon Coating Equipment

In the case of the production of Teflon-coated pans, you will need:

spraying device;
conveyor or chamber oven (360-450°C).

First of all, choose a suspension with Teflon particles of the required size. The further choice of the spraying device will depend on this. The quality of domestic equipment and raw materials for the production of Teflon coating is inferior to foreign counterparts by 5-15%.