Do-it-yourself induction water heating scheme. Induction heater: do-it-yourself schemes. Let's start the stove: what you need to know

Before we talk about how to assemble a homemade induction heater, you need to find out what it is and how it works.

History of induction heaters

In the period from 1822 to 1831, the famous English scientist Faraday conducted a series of experiments, the purpose of which was to achieve the conversion of magnetism into electrical energy. He spent a lot of time in his laboratory. Until one day, in 1831, Michael Faraday finally got his way. The scientist finally managed to get an electric current in the primary winding from a wire that was wound on an iron core. This is how electromagnetic induction was discovered.

Power of induction

This discovery began to be used in industry, in transformers, various motors and generators.

However, this discovery really became popular and necessary only after 70 years. During the rise and development of the metallurgical industry, new, modern methods of melting metals were required in the conditions of metallurgical production. By the way, the first foundry, which used a vortex induction heater, was launched in 1927. The plant was located in the small English town of Sheffield.

And in the tail and in the mane

In the 80s, the principle of induction was already being applied in full. Engineers were able to create heaters that worked on the same principle of induction as a metallurgical furnace for melting metals. Such devices heated the workshops of factories. A little later they began to release home appliances. And some craftsmen did not buy them, but assembled induction heaters with their own hands.

Operating principle

If you disassemble the induction type boiler, then there you will find a core, electrical and thermal insulation, then body. The difference between this heater and those used in industry is the toroidal winding with copper conductors. It is located between two pipes welded together. These pipes are made of ferromagnetic steel. The wall of such a pipe is more than 10 mm. As a result of this design, the heater has a much lower weight, higher efficiency, and also small size. A pipe with a winding works here as a core. And the other serves directly to heat the coolant.

The induction current, which is generated by a high-frequency magnetic field from the external winding to the pipe, heats the coolant. This process causes the walls to vibrate. Due to this, scale is not deposited on them.

Heating occurs due to the fact that the core is heated during operation. Its temperature rises due to eddy currents. The latter are formed due to the magnetic field, which, in turn, is generated by high voltage currents. This is how an induction water heater and many modern boilers work.

DIY induction power

Heating appliances that use electricity as energy are as convenient and comfortable to use as possible. They are much safer than gas powered equipment. In addition, in this case there is neither soot nor soot.

One of the disadvantages of such a heater is high flow electricity. In order to somehow save money, craftsmen learned how to assemble induction heaters with their own hands. The result is an excellent device that requires much less electrical energy to operate.

Manufacturing process

To make such a device yourself, you do not need to have serious knowledge in electrical engineering, and anyone can handle the assembly of the structure.

To do this, we need a piece of thick-walled plastic pipe. It will work as the body of our unit. Next, you need a steel wire with a diameter of not more than 7 mm. Also, if you need to connect the heater to the heating in the house or apartment, it is advisable to purchase adapters. You also need a metal mesh that should hold the steel wire inside the case. Naturally, copper wire is needed to create an inductor. Also, almost everyone in the garage has a high-frequency inverter. Well, in the private sector, such equipment can be found without difficulty. Surprisingly, from improvised means it is possible without special costs make induction heaters with your own hands.

First you need to carry out preparatory work for wire. We cut it into pieces 5-6 cm long. The bottom of the part of the pipe must be closed with a net, and pieces of cut wire should be poured inside. From above, the pipe must also be closed with a net. It is necessary to pour so much wire to fill the pipe from top to bottom.

When the part is ready, you need to install it in the heating system. Then you can connect the coil to electricity through the inverter. It is believed that an induction heater from an inverter is a very simple and most budgetary device.

Do not test the apparatus if there is no water or antifreeze supply. You just melt the pipe. Before starting this system, it is advisable to make a ground for the inverter.

Modern heater

This is the second option. It involves the use of products of modern electronic devices. Such an induction heater, the diagram of which is presented below, does not need to be adjusted.

This scheme implies the principle of series resonance and can develop decent power. If you use more powerful diodes and larger capacitors, you can increase the performance of the unit to a serious level.

Assembling the vortex induction heater

In order to assemble this device, you need a choke. It can be found if you open the power supply of a regular computer. Next, you need to wind a wire made of ferromagnetic steel, copper wire 1.5 mm. Depending on the required parameters, it may take from 10 to 30 turns. Then you need to pick up field effect transistors. They are selected based on the maximum open junction resistance. As for the diodes, they need to be taken under a reverse voltage of at least 500 V, while the current will be somewhere around 3-4 A. You will also need zener diodes rated for 15-18 V. And their power should be about 2-3 Tue Resistors - up to 0.5 W.

Next, you need to assemble the circuit and make a coil. This is the basis on which the entire VIN induction heater is based. The coil will consist of 6-7 turns copper wire 1.5 mm. Then the part must be included in the circuit and connected to electricity.

The device is capable of heating bolts up to yellow color. The circuit is extremely simple, however, the system generates a lot of heat in operation, so it is better to install radiators on transistors.

More complex design

In order to assemble this unit, you need to be able to work with welding, and a three-phase transformer is also useful. The design is presented in the form of two pipes that must be welded into each other. At the same time, they will play the role of a core and a heater. The winding is wound on the body. In this way, you can significantly increase productivity and at the same time achieve small overall dimensions and low weight.

To perform the supply and removal of the coolant, it is necessary to weld two pipes into the device body.

recommended to avoid as much as possible possible losses heat, and also protect yourself from possible current leaks, make insulation for the boiler. It will eliminate the occurrence of excessive noise, especially during intensive work.

It is desirable to use such systems in closed heating circuits in which there is a forced circulation of the coolant. It is allowed to use such units for plastic pipelines. The boiler must be installed in such a way that the distance between it and walls, other electrical appliances it was at least 30 cm. It is also desirable to keep a distance of 80 cm from the floor and ceiling. It is also recommended to mount a security system behind the outlet pipe. For this, a pressure gauge, an air release device, as well as a blast valve are suitable.

This is how easy and inexpensive you can assemble induction heaters with your own hands. This equipment may well serve you for many years and heat your home.

So, we found out how an induction heater is made with our own hands. The assembly scheme is not very complicated, so you can handle it in a matter of hours.

Diagram of a 500-watt induction heater that you can make yourself! There are many similar schemes on the Internet, but interest in them disappears, since basically they either do not work or work but not as we would like. This induction heater circuit is fully operational, proven, and most importantly, not complicated, I think you will appreciate it!

Components and Coil:

The working coil contains 5 turns, was used for winding copper tube about 1 cm in diameter, but can be smaller. This diameter was not chosen by chance, water is supplied through the tube to cool the coil and transistors.

Transistors set IRFP150 as IRFP250 was not at hand. Film capacitors 0.27 uF 160 volts, but you can put 0.33 uF and higher if you can’t find the first ones. Please note that the circuit can be powered with voltages up to 60 volts, but in this case, it is recommended to set the capacitors to 250 volts. If the circuit is powered by voltages up to 30 volts, then 150 is enough!

Zener diodes can be set to any 12-15 volts from 1 watt, for example 1N5349 and the like. Diodes can be used UF4007 and the like. Resistors 470 Ohm from 2 watts.

A few pictures:

Instead of radiators, copper plates were used, which are soldered directly to the tube, since water cooling is used in this design. In my opinion, this is the most efficient cooling, because the transistors heat up well and no fans and super radiators will save them from overheating!

The cooling plates on the board are arranged in such a way that the coil tube passes through them. The plates and the tube need to be soldered together, for this I used gas burner and a large soldering iron for soldering car radiators.

The capacitors are located on a two-sided textolite, the board is also soldered to the coil tube in a straight line, for better cooling.

The inductors are wound on ferrite rings, I personally took them out of a computer power supply, the wire was used in copper insulation.

induction heating atelier it turned out to be quite powerful, it melts brass and aluminum very easily, it also melts iron parts, but a little slower. Since I used IRFP150 transistors, according to the parameters, the circuit can be powered with voltage up to 30 volts, so the power is limited only by this factor. So all the same I advise you to use IRFP250.

That's all! Below I will leave a video of the operation of the induction heater and a list of parts that can be bought on AliExpress at a very low price!

Buy parts on Aliexpress:

Buy Transistors IRFP250 Buy Diodes UF4007 Buy Capacitors 0.33uf-275v

The popularity of using heating appliances powered by the mains in heating is caused by ease of use. Electrical appliances are safer than gas, environmentally cleaner than solid fuel systems. Their disadvantage lies in the high cost of consumed resources. The problem will be solved by installing a vortex induction heater. The device is characterized by high performance with minimal power consumption. Anyone who is "friends" with a soldering iron can make an induction heater.

The vortex induction heater is an electromagnetic device for heating a heat exchanger in the form of a pipe

The principle of operation of the equipment VIN 7, 10, 30, 40

An inductor is an electromagnetic device that uses eddy currents excited by an alternating magnetic field to heat conductive materials. The device looks like a winding of several turns of copper winding. Induction heating occurs according to the following scheme. The generator induces currents of various frequencies in the device, as a result of which a magnetic field is formed inside, inside which the heated object is located. The magnetic field induces eddy currents in the body, which convert electrical energy into thermal energy. As a result of the action of thermal energy, the body warms up.

The induction furnace is one of the first devices in which the described type of energy was used. Principle of operation induction furnace identical to induction heating. The device is used for metal processing (soldering, melting, forging, etc.). Even a home-made induction furnace is capable of melting solid materials. Over the past few decades, the energy of the electromagnetic field has been used for space heating (in air and water heating systems). Industrial vortex heat generators are capable of providing heat to facilities up to 10,000 cubic meters.

Advantages and disadvantages of vortex induction heaters

• Rapid heating of conductive materials.
• Environmental Safety. The device is used in confined spaces lacking ventilation equipment.
• The dimensions of the inductor do not have mandatory standards.
• simple automation, convenient control heating and cooling cycles.

Important! The induction heater must be made in strict accordance with the heated body. Otherwise, unreasonably large heating power will be required.

Induction generator in the heating system

For autonomous heating in a private house, a transformer consisting of two short-circuited windings is required. Eddy currents arise inside the device, and the electromagnetic field is directed to the secondary winding. The secondary circuit plays the role of a base and a heater for the circulating substance. A conductive substance (oil, water, antifreeze) is used as a heating fluid.

The vortex is installed in a convenient place. Similar to traditional heating heating, two branch pipes are connected to the inductor heater. One serves to supply water to the boiler, the other ensures the exit of the coolant into the pipeline and further distribution to the batteries. The substance enters the highway in a natural way. As a result different density cold and hot water hydrostatic pressure is formed, which provokes a cycle.

Advice! Despite the creation of natural circulation during the induction heating process, experts recommend the mandatory installation of a circulation pump.

In heating as an air heater. Making a vortex heat generator with your own hands at home is more difficult than an electromagnetic boiler. In addition, the inverter air heater justifies itself in cases of need for mobile heating of large rooms. Five advantages of induction heat generation in a private house:

1. Energy Saving
2. Silent operation
3. No harmful substances
4. The working vibration of the device prevents the deposition of sediments on the walls of the pipeline
5. Long service life

It is not difficult to create a primitive inductor with your own hands at home. This does not require a large set of tools and equipment. The scheme of the induction heater is simple.

How to make an induction heater with your own hands according to the scheme: the price of materials is not high

In order to make an induction heater, you will need an AC transformer (preferably with voltage regulation). An induction heater from a welding inverter is an excellent solution to the issue. The manufacture of the device will require the use of improvised means, such as:

• A piece of thick-walled (45-50 mm) plastic pipe
• Steel wire, diameter 6-8 mm
• Metal grid
• Copper wire (1.5 - 2 mm)
• Heater to line connectors

One edge of the plastic blank is tightly sealed metal mesh. The cylinder is filled with particles of steel wire, which is cut in advance into segments 4-5 cm long. plastic pipe filled with wire completely, after which the top is closed with a net. Any metal will do to fill the cylinder. The manufactured element will be the body of the inductor.

The manufactured device, using adapters, is mounted in the heating in such a way that the coolant passes inside the coil. Welding equipment is connected to the inductor. In order to save money, you can create. It is important to ensure reliable sealing of connections to the pipeline and insulation of the terminals of the device. Outside, the inductor is covered with a heat-insulating screen. Heating is ready for operation.

Attention! The use of the device is allowed if there is water in the heating. Otherwise, the plastic base will melt.

In order to create a heat generator with your own hands, in addition to the transformer, you will need an electric motor.

WATCH VIDEO

Security measures

1. Open sections of current conductors are insulated without fail.
2. Induction heating devices are placed at a distance of 80 cm from the ceiling or floor, 30 cm from walls and furniture.
3. Safe operation of the device will ensure the installation of a pressure gauge, panel automatic control and air release.

And most importantly! Whether it is an induction furnace from a welding inverter or an electromagnetic boiler - the responsibility for possible consequences rests with the manufacturer of the homemade device.

Everyone can assemble vortex induction heaters if they take into account all the nuances!

induction heater- a device for heating metals by exposure to Foucault currents. The very principle of such a heater has been known for a long time, and now induction heaters are actively used in many areas of industry. Our homemade inductor is easy to use, has a relatively simple design and does not require any configuration. At the same time, the heater is quite powerful.

The inductor circuit works on the principle of series resonance. There are several ways to increase the power of the device - by selecting more powerful field switches, using a larger capacitor in the circuit, and increasing the supply voltage.

I assembled such an inductor with my own hands, purely out of curiosity, to check the performance of the circuit.

Throttle - I took it ready from a computer power supply. It is wound on a ring from powdered iron and contains 10-25 turns of 1.5 mm wire.

Field-effect transistors - there is a large choice, in my case N-channel high-voltage field-effect transistors of the IRF740 series were used, but it is advisable to use field-effect transistors based on the minimum open transition resistance, as well as the maximum allowable current. As a standard, it is recommended to use power switches of the IRFP250 series.

Parameters of this transistor:

• N-channel structure
• Maximum drain-source voltage Us: 200 V
• Maximum current drain-source at 25 ºС Isi max.: 30 A
• Maximum gate-source voltage Uz max: ±20 V
• Channel resistance in the open state Rsi on: 85 mOhm
• Maximum power dissipation Psi max.: 190 W
• Slope: 12000 mA/V
• Housing: TO247AC
• Gate threshold voltage: 4 V

A very powerful and rather expensive transistor, but with it you can get high power, while the consumption can be in the region of 20-40 Amperes !!!

The contour was wound on a frame with a diameter of 4.5 cm and consists of 2x3 turns. I advise you to wind 6 turns at once, then remove the varnish from 3 turns in a small area and solder the wire there, which will be a tap, a power plus is applied to it. In my case, a 1.5mm wire was used to wind the circuit, but ideally, a 3-5mm wire is needed, it is wound according to the same principle.

Zener diodes 12-15 Volts, preferably with a power of 1-2 watts, all resistors used are 0.5 watts.

Diodes - you definitely need fast ones with a reverse voltage of at least 400 Volts, you can install cheap UF4007 ultrafasts, in my case diodes of the HER305 series were used - with a reverse voltage of 400 Volts, with an allowable current of 3 Amperes.

To increase the power of the circuit means to increase the current in the circuit. The larger the capacitance of the capacitor C1, the greater the current. In my case, films of 250 Volts 6 pcs 0.33 uF were used, but the number of capacitors in the standard version is 15-20 pieces with the same capacitance, the voltage of the capacitors is 250-400 Volt.

The main disadvantage of the scheme- an incredible amount of heat dissipation on transistors, with my pretty good switches, I had to cool the circuit with two coolers, but even they did not have time to properly remove heat, so I will think about water cooling ...

A homemade inductor is quite quickly able to heat up M6 standard bolts to a yellow tint.

induction heating boilers are devices that are very different high efficiency. They can significantly reduce energy costs compared to traditional appliances equipped with heating elements.

Industrial production models are not cheap. However, any home master who owns a simple set of tools can make an induction heater with his own hands. We offer to help him detailed description the principle of operation and assembly of an effective heater.

Induction heating is not possible without the use of three main elements:

• inductor;
• generator;
• heating element.

An inductor is a coil, usually made of copper wire, that generates a magnetic field. An alternator is used to produce a high frequency stream from a standard 50 Hz household power stream.

A metal object is used as a heating element, capable of absorbing thermal energy under the influence of a magnetic field. If you connect these elements correctly, you can get a high-performance device that is perfect for heating liquid coolant and.

Image gallery

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Roller #1. An overview of the principles of induction heating:

Roller #2. An interesting option manufacture of induction heater:

To install an induction heater, you do not need to obtain permission from regulatory authorities, industrial models of such devices are quite safe, they are suitable for both a private house and for ordinary apartment. But owners of homemade units should not forget about safety.