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Task number 7 in Russian. Algorithms for completing exam tasks in the Russian language. Standard Excel Functions

Lesson development (lesson notes)

Secondary general education

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Syntactic norms

Task Theory 7

Exercise: Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. In the 1st column under the letters A) B) C) D) E) examples are given, in the 2nd column under the numbers justifications for grammatical errors are given.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

What the answer should look like:

The maximum number of points for completing this task is 5 points.

For each correctly identified match - 1 point.

1. Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

In the task with the letter, we look for derivative prepositions (usually the sentence begins with them) and check the case of the noun after the preposition. All of the following prepositions can only be combined with Dative case noun:

  • According to (to whom? what?)
  • Thanks to (who? what?)
  • Contrary to (who? what?)
  • Like (to whom? what?)
  • Against (whom? what?)

Also in the sentence there may be prepositions that are combined with a noun in the Genitive case:

  • in moderation (of what?)
  • during (what?)
  • in continuation (what?)
  • due to (what?)
  • in conclusion (what?)
  • like (what?)
  • because of (why?)
  • like (what?)

For example: Thanks to an increase in the level of service in company stores, there are more customers.

2. Violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

We are looking for the construction “everyone who ...”, “those who ...”, “the one who ...”, etc. in tasks with a letter, it is necessary to check the agreement between the subject and the predicate (singular / plural) in the main and in subordinate clauses.

For example: Everyone who read Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" remembers the vagabond Varlaam.

Everyone who has read Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" remembers the vagabond Varlaam.

3. Violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application

In the task with the letter must be quotation marks

For example: D.S. appears before us as passionately loving his native culture. Likhachev in the book « Letters about good and beautiful » .

Explanation: An application is a definition expressed by a noun.

Explanation:

  • If the quotation marks are preceded by a generic name (book, newspaper, magazine, picture, etc.), the name in quotation marks must be wim.p. For example, the novel "Eugene Onegin"; painting "Autumn"; song "Dubinushka".
  • If there is no generic name before the quotation marks, the name in quotation marks is inflected. For example, in "Eugene Onegin"; in "Autumn" by Levitan; in "Dubinushka".

4. An error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

If the sentence has homogeneous members of the sentence connected by the union "and", after which there is a common dependent word (words), it is necessary to check whether the first homogeneous member of the sentence agrees with these common dependent words. For example, in the sentence “we hoped and believed in victory”, the first homogeneous member of the sentence “we hoped” does not agree with “in victory”, therefore there is a grammatical error in this sentence.

Words of different parts of speech cannot be used as homogeneous members of a sentence. For example, “I love drawing and painting”

If in a sentence homogeneous members are connected by double unions “not only - but also”, “like - so and”, “if not then”, it is necessary to check whether the homogeneous members of the sentence are immediately after these unions. For example, in the sentence "We were waiting Not only masha, but also Vanya" unions are correct. If we change the place of one of them: "We Not only waiting for Masha but also Vanya”, a grammatical error will appear in the sentence.

5. Violation of the homogeneity of concepts

Words of different parts of speech cannot be used as homogeneous members of a sentence. For example, "I like drawing and painting"

6. Violation of the homogeneity of syntactic elements

It is unacceptable to violate the homogeneity of the syntactic elements of the sentence. The participial turnover and the subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot act as homogeneous syntactic elements.

For example, in the sentence "Ivan, who studied in the 9th grade and who took part in the competition, ...", a mistake was made.

7. Incorrect sentence construction with participle turnover

An assignment with a letter begins with a participial turnover

For example: Having received primary education at home in Moscow, Radishchev was enrolled in the St. Petersburg Corps of Pages.

Adverbs answer the questions: doing what? having done what?

Explanation: the gerund expresses an additional action with the main action expressed by the verb. The person doing both actions must be the same person. In the sentence, the action “enrolled” is performed by “they, some people” (indefinitely personal sentence), and the action “having received” is performed by Radishchev.

Explanation: the adverbial turnover most often cannot be used together with impersonal sentences, except when the action is expressed by the words “can, cannot”

8. Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

We are looking for participial turnover in tasks with the letter

The sacrament answers the questions: what does one do? what did he do? what's done?

Examples of participles: working, doubting, arriving, writing, etc.

For example: One of the heroes of the novel, looking for the meaning of life, opens the way to inner freedom.

Explanation: If the sentence contains a participle, its form (ending) must agree with the noun being defined. To do this, we ask a question from the word being defined to the sacrament. For example, "there were a lot of guys (what?) who came to the forest." The end of the sacrament must coincide with the end of the question to it.

9. Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Do not mix direct and indirect speech. It is unacceptable to use the pronouns "I, WE, YOU, YOU" in the subordinate part of the sentence in indirect speech.

For example, "Dima admitted that I not ready for class today.

10. Errors related to the violation of word order in simple sentence

Error type

The subject takes a place that does not correspond to the fixed generally accepted order.

The author discusses the problems of humanism and mercy in his article.

The complement is separated from the word that governs it.

We cannot agree in his attitude to the problem with the author.

The definition is separate from the word being defined.

Majestic and beautiful he was struck by the building of the theater, located on the right.

The circumstance occupies a place that does not correspond to the generally accepted order.

He returned to Leningrad later, after the war, from the hospital.

Misplaced preposition.

Two hours later the dispute ended (two hours later)

Wrong location of compound union.

Since yesterday and today this problem remains important.

The wrong location of the particle would.

He wanted to fly into space or become a traveler.

11. Mistakes in the use of prepositions

Error type

Offers

Mixing prepositions
from and from (with)
guilt
from and from
through and because

When he arrived With villages to the city, I was surprised at many things.
Back co school, he immediately sat down for lessons.
Soldiers who took part on the war, returned to civilian life.
True heroism manifested at battles for Moscow.
From morning until evening he worked in his editorial office.
He almost died through betrayal of a friend.

No suggestion.

Can't bow down his heroism.

The presence of an unnecessary suggestion.

CLASSIFICATION OF GRAMMAR ERRORS:

  1. incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
  2. misuse of the case form of a noun
  3. violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
  4. violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application
  5. error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
  6. violation of the homogeneity of concepts
  7. violation of the homogeneity of syntactic elements
  8. incorrect construction of a sentence with adverbial turnover
  9. violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
  10. incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech
  11. violation of word order in a simple sentence
  12. errors in the use of prepositions

USE 2017: task 7

SYNTAX REGULATIONS

OPTION 1

SUGGESTIONS

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

1. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) Reading the text, there is such a pleasant feeling. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
B) Those who work enthusiastically in any field of knowledge are drawn to innovation
C) The narrow path was covered with falling snow underfoot
D) Semyon was fired according to the order.
E) The player who plays in the Zenit team received a remark from the referee.
BUT B AT G D

2. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) I know a group of guys who are seriously into jazz.
B) The problems of the economy and business were the focus of the host of the TV show "Business Moscow". 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Dima admitted that I am not ready for the lesson today 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Those who agreed with this decision regretted it. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
D). Teenagers rarely listen and follow the advice of their elders. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

3. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) We love and are proud of our boxers. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Those who lagged behind did not lose hope of catching up with the advanced detachment 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Thanks to the kindness and mutual understanding of the parents, peace and harmony always reigned in the family. 3) a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application.
D) The best of Russians folk tales, translated into all languages ​​of the world, have become good companions of children in different countries 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) The student said that I had not yet prepared for the answer. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

4. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) Whoever studied the biography of A.S. Pushkin, everyone knew about the extraordinary flowering of his poetic talent in the autumn. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, the sightseers immediately went to the Russian Museum. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) The meteorologist said that I find it difficult to give an accurate weather forecast for tomorrow. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) In ​​the autobiographical trilogy of L. Tolstoy “Childhood”, “Boyhood”, “Youth”, Nikolenka Irteniev became the main character. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) The viewers of the TV show expected and hoped for a meeting with a famous poet. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

5. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) Those who were in the forest in the summer felt it on themselves beneficial effect 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) In one of the old houses that have been preserved in the center of Moscow, there were famous Russian poets and writers, composers and artists. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) In the play by N.V. Gogol's "Inspector" there are a number of characters whose names have become common nouns. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) After reading the play, many things remained incomprehensible to me. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) Pugachev said that I would teach Shvabrin a lesson. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

6. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) Seeing a red traffic light, the car was stopped.
B) The author said that I did not agree with the opinion of the reviewer.
C) Those who love the modern detective came to the meeting with the writer. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) The country loved and was proud of the athlete. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) We became interested in books brought from the printing house.
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

7. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) You need to believe and wait for a miracle. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) At the end of the lecture, students always have the opportunity to ask questions to the teacher. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
c) The student claimed that I knew it. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Relatives living in Siberia visited us. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) We subscribe to the Rabotnitsu magazine on a regular basis. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

8. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) Bad weather hinders and delays harvesting. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Squinting her eyes, mother seems tiny. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Not everyone can say that my life is happy. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
G). Thanks to the kindness and mutual understanding of the parents, peace and harmony always reigned in the family. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
D). He sees his son's face, listening intently to the conversation. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

9. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

A) Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, the sightseers immediately went to the Russian Museum. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) People do not see and pass by their future. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Condemning his contemporaries, M.Yu. Lermontov writes that "I look sadly at our generation." 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) A review was published in the Neve magazine. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) Eating right, the ulcer heals quickly. 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

10. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and those allowed in them
grammatical errors: for each position of the first column, select
corresponding position from the second column

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

BUT B AT G D

Answers:

№ BUT B AT G D
1 5 2 4 1 3
2 6 3 7 2 4
3 4 2 1 6 7
4 2 1 7 3 4
5 2 6 3 5 7
6 5 7 2 4 6
7 4 1 7 6 3
8 4 5 7 1 6
9 1 4 7 3 5
10 1 4 5 3 6

In task No. 8 of the USE for Russian students, it is necessary to distribute sentences in accordance with the types of errors made in them. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are more sentences than error options, and it is impossible to simply guess the correct answer, so you need to be well versed in the rules for constructing sentences. For the correct completion of the eighth task, you can get as many as five primary points, so it is undesirable to make mistakes in it.

Theory for assignment No. 8 USE in the Russian language

Let's look at the errors that are proposed to be found in the exam task.

  • violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

You can never include the word being defined inside the participial turnover: “tourists who came to the city”, or “tourists who came to the city”, but not “tourists who came to the city”. Also, the participle must always be consistent with the word being defined in gender, case and number: not “furnished rooms” but “rooms (what?) Furnished”.

You need to pay attention to the cases: “one of the letters written by me” - in this case, the sacrament is consistent with the word “one”, but “after reading a series of letters written by her” - the question for the sacrament is asked from the word “letters”.

  • incorrect construction of a sentence with adverbial turnover

The actions expressed by the verb-predicate and the gerund should refer to one common subject: “leaving the house, I always turn off the light” - the wrong option, since in this case the gerund refers to the word “light”, which is impossible. That's right: "leaving the house, I always turn off the light."

  • error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

You can not combine the union "and" words that are different parts speech, and also put it between the participial turnover and the word "which". “Not far from home, we saw and met new neighbors” is wrong; the correct option is “not far from home, we saw new neighbors and got to know them.” It is also incorrect “The book is not only intended for children, but also for their parents”, but correctly “The book is intended not only for children, but also for their parents”.

Another example: “The boy who sat at the table and who drew beautifully” is incorrect, but “the boy who sat at the table and drew beautifully” is correct.

  • errors in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

In such sentences, you need to look at the word being defined. For example: “Many philosophical problems are raised in the book Crime and Punishment” is wrong; the sentence will be written correctly if the word “book” is removed or the appendix is ​​coordinated with it: “in the book“ Crime and Punishment ”many philosophical problems are raised.”

If there is a defined word, the application must be in the nominative case: in the newspaper "City Bulletin" (not "City Bulletin"), in the encyclopedia "Underwater World" (not "Underwater World"), in the program "Own Game" (not "Own Game ").

  • misuse of the case form of a noun
PretextNoun caseExample
Thanks toDativeHe acted according to the rules - wrong
According toHe acted according to the rules - right
Contrary to
Like
Contrary
across the way
By (meaning "after")PrepositionalUpon arrival home, she called her grandmother - wrong
Upon arriving home, she called her grandmother - right

Words such as “upon arrival”, “upon completion”, “upon completion”, “upon expiration”, “upon arrival”, “upon arrival” must be remembered.

You also need to remember the phrases:

  1. point to something
  2. pay for something
  3. Confess to something
  4. pay attention to something
  5. to marvel at something
  6. Blame something
  7. remind something
  8. Feedback on something
  • violation of the connection between the subject and predicate

It must be remembered that with the subject "those" you need to use the verb-predicate in the plural, and with the subject "who" - in the singular. "Those who came to the exhibition left rave reviews about it", not "Those who came to the exhibition left rave reviews about it." "Everyone who saw the professor greeted him," not "Everyone who saw the professor greeted him."

  • incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

You can not mix direct speech with indirect speech, and also use the word "I" in translating direct speech into indirect speech. For example, “the author writes that I am addressing all caring people” is wrong; “The author writes that he is addressing all caring people” is correct.

  • violation of species-temporal correlation of verb forms

It is necessary to ensure that all verbs related to the same subject are consistent in time and form. For example, “I.S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test - the "test of love" - ​​and this revealed the true essence of his hero. - an erroneous option, and "I.S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test - the "test of love" - ​​and this reveals the true essence of his hero. - loyal.

  • an error in the construction of a complex sentence

Such errors often consist in the incorrect use of conjunctions. "Reading classic literature, you notice that how differently the “city of Petrov” is depicted in the works of A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, F.M. Dostoevsky" - in this sentence, the union "what" is superfluous. “When the battle had already ended, but in some places separate shots were still heard.” - extra conjunction "but".

Task execution algorithm

  1. We exclude sentences in which there are no grammatical errors.
  2. We read sentences with errors one by one and determine what kind of grammatical error was made.
  3. Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 8 USE in the Russian language

The seventh task of the 2018 demo

Establish a correspondence between grammatical and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS SUGGESTIONS
1) The new aesthetics that arose in the work of Russian avant-garde artists radically changed the previous "Greco-Roman" ideas of the artistic value of art.
B) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover 2) People who read Russian fairy tales in childhood, epics were breathtaking from heroic deeds.
C) violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms 3) With higher reliability, portable receivers consume much less power.
4) When my friend enters the factory after finishing school, he a short time acquired the qualification of a turner.
E) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application 5) According to I.N. Kramskoy, despite the fact that many landscape painters depict trees, water and even air in their paintings, there is a soul only in the painting “Rooks” by A.K. Savrasov.
6) Most of the works of the young scientist are devoted to the problems of theoretical physics.
7) The inner strength and courage of a person are sung in the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin".
8) Subsequently, he could not even explain to himself what made him rush in front of the horses.
9) Using the letter “b” at the end of words, in the 19th century it was just a tribute to tradition.
Execution algorithm:
  1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors with which we will have to work.
  2. We carefully read the sentences in which you need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
  3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that are composed without errors. These are sentences 1, 3, 6 and 7.
  4. sentence 2 we see a violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial turnover; right - People who read Russian fairy tales and epics in childhood were breathtaking from heroic deeds. AT sentence 4- violation of the aspect-temporal correlation of verb forms; right : After graduating from school, my friend entered the factory, where he acquired the qualification of a turner in a short time. AT fifth sentence violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application; right - According to I.N. Kramskoy, despite the fact that many landscape painters depict trees, water and even air in their paintings, the soul is only in the picture "Rooks" A.K. Savrasov.In sentence 8 - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition; need - Subsequently, he could not even explain to himself what made him rush in front of the horses.. Suggestion 9- incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover; right - Using the letter "b" at the end of words in the 19th century, people only paid tribute to tradition.
  5. Write down the correct answer:
BUT B AT G D
9 2 4 8 5

The first version of the task

GRAMMATICAL ERRORSSUGGESTIONS
A) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate1) Marco Polo (1254-1324) - a Venetian merchant and traveler who reached China on his trading business and spent seventeen years there at the court of Khan Kublai.
B) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech2) It was difficult for him to solve the problem.
C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application3) Pergolas, arches and trellises visually divide the site into parts, separating individual zones.
D) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover4) Cream "Sofya" is used several times a year to prevent swelling of the legs.
5) Andrei said that it would be better if we leave me alone.
6) Those who do not spare labor usually achieve a lot.
7) The longest escalator in the world is installed at the Admiralteyskaya station of the St. Petersburg metro.
8) Before discussing the project, everyone looks and looks for future supporters and opponents.
9) The summer flood of 2013, which covered vast areas of the Russian Far East and northeast China, has become one of the largest natural disasters of the last decade.
Execution algorithm:
  1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors with which we will have to work.
  2. We carefully read the sentences in which you need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
  3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that are composed without errors. These are sentences 1, 3, 7 and 9.
  4. We read sentences with errors one by one and determine what kind of grammatical error was made. AT sentence 2 we see the incorrectly used adverbial turnover “solving the problem”; in sentence 4- an incorrectly agreed application (should be “Sofya cream”). AT sixth sentence a mistake was made in the connection between the subject and the predicate; right - those who spare no effort usually achieve a lot, or - he who does not spare labor usually achieves a lot. The phrase " Andrew said» indicates indirect speech that is incorrectly constructed in sentence 5; need - Andrey said that it's better if we leave him alone.. Left sentence 8 and an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members.
  5. Write down the correct answer:
BUTBATGD
6 5 4 2 8

The second version of the task

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORSSUGGESTIONS
A) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover1) When learning a foreign language, it helps to read books, watch movies and communicate with native speakers.
B) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate2) Dickens said that from childhood he felt that the world was not only worthy of contempt, that it was worth living in it.
C) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition3) We continue to publish archival materials about Moscow architects who lived in the 18th century.
D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover4) Relatives need to be loved and cared for.
E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members5) A village, a river and a forest are drawn there.
6) At the end of the negotiations, the participants went out to the journalists.
7) After the New Year holidays, my mother and I went to visit my grandmother, who lived in the Moscow region.
8) The entry of Russia into the top ten most interesting countries for the corporation, thanks to high sales volumes, allows the local representative office to attract additional investments
9) Thanks to the launch of specialized X-ray observatories into orbit around the Earth, about a thousand X-ray systems are already known in our and nearby galaxies.
Execution algorithm:
  1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors with which we will have to work.
  2. We carefully read the sentences in which you need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
  3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that are composed without errors. These are options 2, 7, 8 and 9.
  4. AT first sentence we see the incorrect use of the adverbial turnover; It turns out that reading books learns foreign languages. Correct option: helps in learning foreign languages… AT third sentence it turns out that publications, and not architects, lived in the eighteenth century - a mistake was made in participial turnover. Correctly: .. publication of archival materials about Moscow architects who lived… AT fifth sentence the connection between the subject and the predicate is broken. AT sixth sentence the case form of a noun with a preposition is incorrectly used; the correct option is at the end", and in fourth a mistake was made in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members.
  5. Write down the correct answer:
BUTBATGD
1 5 6 3 4

The third version of the task

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORSSUGGESTIONS
A) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application1) The match was held at the large sports arena of the Luzhniki stadium.
B) incorrect sentence construction with adverbial turnover2) Thanks to vaccinations, none of the guys got sick.
C) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech3) The sick kid, standing at the window, said sadly, and the cars were walking.
D) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition4) When learning a foreign language, it helps to read books, watch movies and communicate with native speakers.
E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members5) A habit is a deeply rooted form of behavior that works independently of our consciousness.
6) What seems to be an idyllic clearing or a quiet oak forest is in fact a restless processing industry, and those whom we call pests and pathogens, beetles, fungi and pathogens, play a huge role in it.
7) The old lindens in the alley in front of the main entrance to the manor's house are high and sprawling.
8) We were driving through Spain by car, returning from Burgos to Madrid.
9) Most animals living in freedom are busy solving the eternal problem - their own survival and procreation.
Execution algorithm:
  1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors with which we will have to work.
  2. We carefully read the sentences in which you need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
  3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that are composed without errors. Correctly constructed sentences: 5, 6, 8 and 9.
  4. AT first sentence you can see an inconsistent application; right - at the large sports arena of the Luzhniki stadium or simply "at the large sports arena "Luzhniki". Second offer- an example of incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition; right - thanks to vaccinations. Third- an error in indirect speech, fourth- in the construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover. in the seventh the sentence made a mistake in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members; correct option - The old linden trees in the alley in front of the main entrance to the manor house are tall and sprawling (or “high and sprawling”).
  5. Write down the correct answer:
BUTBATGD
1 4 3 2 7

This is probably the most “unpleasant” task: here you have to learn a lot by heart. Do as with task 4: work out those moments in which you doubt, gradually narrow the circle of mistakes. Console yourself with the fact that in the exam you will be given not dozens, but only 5 words.

Task 7

Task Formulation

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form

the words. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

STUNNING outfit

behind SEVEN locks

pack of PASTA

in the year 2000

TASTIER than cake

The variety of grammatical errors associated with the formation of the form of a word is great. There are no specific rules for the formation of word forms of various parts of speech; this is a matter of practice that has developed in the language. In working on task 7, memory, speech hearing, and patience will help you.

We offer you lists of words grouped by parts of speech. The tables are designed to make it easier for you to remember. Read aloud correct options and remember. Watch your speech. Here, as with task 4 on orthoepy, it is important to repeatedly refer to grammatical norms, get used to them, and after a while the correct formation of words will not cause you any difficulties.

Nouns in the nominative case

Nominative case plural with the ending -Ы -И Nominative plural with ending -А -Я
Accountants Addresses
Ages Bills
reprimands Heap
Dispatchers Directors
Treaties The doctors
Engineers boats
Instructors Kitel
Compressors bodywork
Constructors Domes
Containers Hedra
healers ham
Months Districts
Players cooks
policies cellars
Ports professors
handwriting Belts
poodles Varieties
rectors Haystacks
Locksmiths watchman
syllables Poplars
Snipers Farms
joiners Cancellation
report cards Anchors
turners
Cakes
Trainers
Outbuildings
Fronts
Chauffeurs

Remember couples:

Hulls (trunks) – hulls (buildings)

Camps (political) - camps (tourist)

Husbands (state) - husbands (in families)

Teeth (in a person) - teeth (in a saw)

Gaps (spaces) – gaps (documents)

Images (literary) - images (icons)

Orders (knightly) - orders (awards)

Tones (sounds) - tones (shades of color)

Chicken - chickens

Log - logs

Vessel - ships

Nouns in the genitive case(Substitute the word A LOT)

Fruits and vegetables:

Clothes and shoes:

Shoe cover golf course
boot Jeans
Boots Lampasov
boots Noskov
Gaiter
sneaker
Moccasin
pantalon
Shoulder strap
Boot
sneaker
Shoe
Stocking
bloomer
Short
Epaulet

Nationalities:

Armenians Mongols
Bashkir Tajiks
Bulgarian Croats
Buryat Yakutov
Georgian
Lezgin
Ossetian
Romanian
Tatars
Turk
Turkmen
Gypsy

Groups of people by occupation:

Units:

We learn, we learn, we learn:

End of OB, EV

No end of OB, EV
Bronchov nesting
dahlias wrist
Zamorozkov Copies
canned food meals
nerves necklaces
rails Olady
Verkhoviev Cookies
Koreniev coasts
Comments believe
Lokhmotiev Dungeons
Nizoviev guns
dresses seats
Journeymen pickles
Mouths Gorges
Flakes grounds
mutilation

Ending HER

Zero ending
weekdays fables
Dumbbell spray
Skittles waffles
palms Del
Sheet (Sheet) Kocheryog
strife Kitchens
tablecloths Macaron
Chukchi cuff
manger Nian
LOOP
saber
Earrings
gossip
dusk
Herons
Sprat

gender of nouns

Masculine, neuter Feminine
piano, grand piano Mezzanine
rail, rail parcel post
Tulle, tulle cello
shampoo, shampoo corn
Jam, jam Sneaker, sneaker
reserved seat, reserved seat
Slipper, slipper
shoes, shoes

Comparative and superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs

Attention! You can not mix a simple and compound form. More beautiful, most beautiful, most subtle is a grammatical error.

Decline numbers

40, 90, 100

R.P.D.P.T.P.P.P.
Forty, ninety, one hundred Forty, ninety, one hundred

50, 60, 70, 80

R.P. "no"

D. p. "give"

Etc. "proud"

P. p. "think about"
fifty fifty fifty fifty
sixty sixty sixty sixty
seventy seventy seventy seventy
eighty eighty eighty and eighty eighty

This is where the instrumental case comes into play. When declining, divide the numeral into two parts and pronounce separately: eight houses, ten houses.

200, 300, 400 and 500, 600, 700, 800, 900

When declining these numbers, divide them into two parts and instead of the word honeycomb substitute leg. Their endings match: two legs - two hundred; five feet - five hundred.

two hundred two hundred two hundred About two hundred
three hundred three hundred three hundred About three hundred
four hundred four hundred four hundred About four hundred
five hundred five hundred five hundred five hundred
six hundred Six hundred six hundred six hundred
Seven hundred seven hundred Seven hundred Seven hundred
eight hundred eight hundred eight hundred Eight hundred
nine hundred Nine hundred nine hundred Nine hundred

Differences in the declension of compound cardinal and ordinal numbers

For compound cardinal numbers, each word is declined, and for ordinal numbers, only the last one. Compare:

There are no two thousand five hundred and forty-two words - there are no two thousand five hundred and forty suitcases;

Two thousand five hundred and forty words - two thousand five hundred and forty suitcase.

Ordinal numbers ending in -hundredth, -thousandth, millionth, -billionth are written in one word. They look like complex adjectives: the first part in such words is in the genitive case. Compare: three hundredth - three-headed; three hundredth - three-headed; about the four-thousandth - about the four-meter.

One and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred

Collective nouns (two, three, four etc.) are used

1) with nouns that call males, words children, people, guys: two friends, three brothers;

2) with nouns naming baby animals: seven kids;

3) with nouns that have only plural form: four, scissors, three trousers.

Both (both, both, both) used with masculine and neuter nouns : both brothers, both hearts.

Both (both, both, both) used with nouns female: both sisters, on both sides.

Pronouns

1. Not used in Russian theirs, theirs, theirs etc. You must use him, her, them.

2. After prepositions, personal pronouns have the letter H: with her, without him, for them.

Verbs

  1. 1. Imperative mood
lie down lie down lie down
drive go go
disperse leave go away
ride ride drive
put put put
touch touch touch
wave wave wave
put put your luggage put down
run away run run
pour out rashes pour out
rinse rinse rinse
  1. 2. Conjugation of verbs
ride I drive travels drive
climb get along climbs climb
wave waving waving waving
burn I burn Burning, burning tourniquet
bake bake will bake bake
guard guard guards watch over

3. Suffix -СЬ after vowels: met(not properly met), agreed.

4. "Polite word" - sorry (not properly I'm sorry)

5. By get a haircut on slip, on hell, but under scribble, on the laugh

6. Get well - get well

to weaken - to weaken

7. Dry - dry

get wet - get wet

freeze - freeze

strengthen - strengthen

gerund

Imperfect gerunds (what are you doing?) have suffixes -А, -Я: speaking(not properly saying), bored(not properly bored).

Perfective gerunds (what have you done?) have the suffix -В, -ВШИ: reading, speaking(not properly talking), offended ( not offended).

Back to the task. Analyze each answer, find in the explanation the part where this or a similar word was found. (Error: PASTA. Correct: PASTA.)

The lesson is devoted to how to solve the 7th task of the exam in computer science


The 7th topic - "Excel Spreadsheets" - is characterized as tasks of a basic level of complexity, the execution time is about 3 minutes, the maximum score is 1

* Some page images are taken from K. Polyakov's presentation materials

Cell Link Types

Formulas written in table cells are relative, absolute and mixed.

Standard Excel Functions

In the USE, the following standard functions are found in the formulas:

  • COUNT - the number of non-empty cells,
  • SUM is the amount
  • AVERAGE - average value,
  • MIN is the minimum value,
  • MAX - maximum value

As a function parameter, a range of cells is indicated everywhere: MIN (A2: A240)

  • keep in mind that when using the AVERAGE function, empty cells and text cells are not taken into account; for example, after entering the formula in C2 value will appear 2 (does not count empty A2):

    • Diagramming


    Solving USE tasks in computer science

    Consider how task 7 of the USE in computer science is solved.

    Chart Analysis

    7_1:




    Which of the charts correctly reflects the ratio of the total number of participants (from all three regions) for each of the test subjects?



    ✍ Solution:
    • a bar chart allows you to define numerical values. So, for example, in Tatarstan in biology, the number of participants 400 etc. Using it, we will find the total number of participants from all regions in each subject. To do this, we calculate the values ​​of absolutely all columns in the chart:
    400 + 100 + 200 + 400 + 200 + 200 + 400 + 300 + 200 = 2400
  • using a pie chart, it is possible to determine only the shares of individual components in the total amount: in our case, these are the shares of participants in various testing subjects;
  • in order to figure out which pie chart is suitable, we first calculate on our own the proportion of participants who are tested in individual subjects; To do this, from the bar chart, we calculate the sum of participants for each subject and divide by the total number of participants already obtained in the first paragraph:
    • Biology: 1200/2400 = 0.5 = 50% History: 600/2400 = 0.25 = 25% Chemistry: 600/2400 = 0.25 = 25%
  • Now let's compare the obtained data with pie charts. The data corresponds to the diagram under the number 1 .

    • Result: 1

    We offer you to watch a detailed analysis of this 7 task on the video:

    7_2:

    The diagram shows the number of test participants by subject in different regions of Russia.


    Which of the diagrams correctly reflects the ratio of the number of test participants by history in the regions?



    ✍ Solution:

    Result: 2

    For a detailed analysis of the task, see the video:

    Copy formulas

    7_3: Unified State Examination in Informatics 2016, "Typical test tasks in informatics", Krylova S.S., Churkina T.E. Option 2.:

    A fragment of a spreadsheet is given.

    From cell A3 into a cell C2
    C2?


    ✍ Solution:

    Result: 180

    For an analysis of this 7 task, see the video:

    7_4: USE in Informatics 2017, "Typical test tasks in Informatics", Krylova S.S., Churkina T.E. Option 5:

    A3 into a cell E2 formula has been copied. When copying, the addresses of the cells have automatically changed.
    What is the numeric value of the formula in the cell E2?


    ✍ Solution:
    • Consider a formula in a cell A3:= $E$1*A2 . The dollar sign means absolute addressing: when you copy the formula, the letter or number next to the dollar will not change. That is, in our case, the factor $E$1 so it will remain in the formula when copying.
    • Since copying is done in a cell E2, you need to calculate how many columns the formula will move to the right: 5 columns (from A before E). Accordingly, in the factor A2 letter A will be replaced by E.
    • Now let's calculate how many lines the formula will move up when copying: one (c A 3 to E 2 ). Accordingly, in the factor A2 number 2 will be replaced by 1 .
    • Get the formula and calculate the result: =$E$1*E1 = 1

    Result: 1

    7_5: 7 task. Demo version of the exam 2018 informatics:

    A fragment of a spreadsheet is given. From cell B3 into a cell A4 formula has been copied. When copying the addresses of the cells in the formula, they automatically changed.
    What is the numeric value of the formula in the cell A4?


    Note: The $ sign denotes absolute addressing.


    ✍ Task 7 solution:
    • The dollar sign $ means absolute addressing:
    • The $ in front of the letter means the column is fixed: i.e. when copying the formula, the column name will not change;
    • $ in front of the number means the line is fixed: when copying the formula, the name of the line will not change.
    • In our case, the selected letters and numbers will not change: = $C 2+D $3
    • Copying the formula one column to the left means that the letter D(in D$3) must change to the previous C. When copying the formula down one line, the value 2 (in $C2) changes to 3 .
    • We get the formula:
    = $C3 + C$3
  • As a result, we have the result: 300 + 300 = 600

    • Result: 600

    For a detailed solution of this 7 task from the USE demo version of 2018, see the video:

    What formula was written

    7_6: 7 task of the exam. Task 6 GVE 11th grade 2018 (FIPI)

    Kolya needs to build a table of formula values ​​using spreadsheets 5x–3y for values X and at from 2 before 5 . To do this, first in the ranges B1:E1 and A2:A5 he wrote down the numbers 2 before 5 . Then to cell IN 2 wrote down the formula (A2 - x value; B1 - y value), and then copied it to all cells of the range B2:E5. The result is the table below.


    What formula was written in the cell IN 2?

    Note: The $ sign is used to denote absolute addressing.

    Options:
    1)=5*$A$2–3*$B$1
    2)=5*$A2–3*B$1
    3)=5*A$2–3*$B1
    4)=5*A2–3*$B$1


    ✍ Solution:
    • Mentally imagine copying a cell with a formula separately horizontally and vertically.

      • Horizontally:

    • Column reference in formula BUT should not change the letter when copying, which means that you must put a $ sign in front of it:
    = 5 * $A
  • Whereas the column name B must change (to C, D, E) so that the numbers in the subtracted change (3, 4, 5):
    • = 3*B


    Vertically:

  • The line number in the minuend must change so that the numbers in it increase (3, 4, 5). Whereas the lines in the subtrahend should not change: $A2. Thus, it is necessary to put a $ sign before the line number in the minuend: B$1

  • As a result, we get the formula: = 5 * $A2 - 3 * B$1, which corresponds to the number 2 .

    • Result: 2

    Meaning of the SUM or AVERAGE formula

    7_7: USE in computer science task 7 (example of task P-00, Polyakov K.)

    Per

    How the cell value will change C3, if after entering the formulas move the contents of the cell B2 in B3?
    ("+1" means an increase of 1 , "-one" means a decrease in 1 ):

    Options:
    1) -2
    2) -1
    3) 0
    4) +1


    ✍ Solution:
      Let's analyze the spreadsheet data before moving:
    • In a cell C2 number will be 4 , since the function CHECK counts the number of nonblank cells in the specified range.
    • In a cell C3 number will be 3 :
    (1 + 2 + 2 + 6 + 4) / 5 = 3

    Now let's see what happens after the move:

  • Moving the contents of a cell means that the cell B2 will be empty, and in the cell B3 a number will appear 6 .
  • Then the calculation of the formula in the cell C2 will change: the number of non-empty cells in the range A1:B2 becomes equal 3 .
  • The value will change accordingly after the calculation of the cell formula C3: the average value of the contents of a range of cells A1:C2 becomes equal to:
    • (1 + 2 + 2 + 3) / 4 = 2

    (don't forget that the function AVERAGE does not take into account empty cells, so the cell B2 not taken into account).

  • Thus, the value after moving the formula has changed, decreasing by 1 . Correct answer 2

    • Result: 2

    Detailed video solution:

    7_8:

    In the spreadsheet, the value of the formula =AVERAGE(C2:C5) is 3 .

    What is the value of the formula =SUM(C2:C4) if the value of the cell C5 equals 5 ?


    ✍ Solution:
    • Function AVERAGE is designed to calculate the arithmetic mean of the specified range of cells. Those. in our case, the average value of cells C2, C3, C4, C5.
    • The result of the function =AVERAGE(C2:C5) is given by condition, let's substitute it into the formula:
    (C2 + C3 + C4 + C5)/4 = 3
  • Let's take an unknown amount in x and get the formula for calculating the average value:
    • x / 4 = 3
  • Let's find x:
    • x = 3 * 4 = 12 -> C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = 12
  • According to the assignment, you need to find = SUM (С2: С4) . Knowing the value in a cell C5, subtract it from the resulting sum and find the answer:
    • C2 + C3 + C4 = C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 -C5 = = 12 - 5 = 7

    Result: 7

    For a detailed solution, see the video:

    What number should be in the cell

    7_9: USE in Informatics 2017 assignment FIPI option 7 (Krylov S.S., Churkina T.E.):

    Given a fragment of a spreadsheet:

    A1 to have a chart based on cell values A2:C2 matched the picture? It is known that all cell values ​​from the considered range are non-negative.


    ✍ Solution:
    • We have a pie chart that displays the shares of individual components in the total. From the image of the diagram, one can judge that, most likely, the values ​​in all cells of the formula should be equal (the sections of the diagram are visually equal).
    • A1 -> x:
    A2: x + 4 - 3 = x + 1 B2: (5 * x + 5) / 5 C2: (x + 1) * (x - 4) = x 2 - 3 * x - 4
  • Since the sectors of the diagram are equal, we equate any two of the resulting expressions (for example, C2 = A2):
    • x²-3 ​​* x - 4 = x + 1 x²-4 * x - 5 = 0 x1.2 = (4±√16 - 4 * 1 * (-5)) / 2 = (4±6) / 2 x1 = 5, x2 = -1
  • According to the condition of the assignment, the number should not be negative, so 5 suits us

    • Result: 5

    For a more detailed analysis, we suggest watching the video of the solution to this 7 task of the exam in computer science:

    Consider another example of solving task 7 of the exam in computer science:

    7_10: USE in Informatics 2017 task 7 FIPI option 15 (Krylov S.S., Churkina T.E.):

    Given a fragment of a spreadsheet:

    What integer should be written in the cell C1 so that the chart built after performing the calculations by the values ​​of the range of cells A2:C2 did it match the picture?
    It is known that all values ​​of the range on which the chart is built have the same sign.


    ✍ Solution:
    • The pie chart displays the proportions of individual parts in the total. In our case, the chart reflects the results of calculating formulas in cells A2:C2
    • From the diagram, one can judge that, most likely, the obtained values ​​in the formulas in all cells should be equal (the sectors of the diagram are visually equal).
    • Get expressions from cell formulas by substituting C1 -> x:
    A2: x + 2 B2: 8/2 = 4 C2: x * 2
  • Since the sectors of the diagram are equal, we equate two of the expressions obtained (for example, C2 = B2):
    • 2 * x = 4 => x = 2