Relationship between millimeter of mercury and pascal. Normal atmospheric pressure for humans. normal atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure is created by the air shell and all objects on the surface of the Earth experience it. The reason is that air, like everything else, is attracted to the globe through gravity. In weather reports, atmospheric pressure information is given in millimeters of mercury. But this is an off-system unit. Officially, pressure, as a physical quantity, in SI since 1971 is expressed in "pascals", equal to a force of 1 N acting on a surface of 1 m2. Accordingly, there is a transition "mm. rt. Art. in pascals.
The origin of this unit is associated with the name of the scientist Evangelista Torricelli. It was he who in 1643, together with Viviani, measured Atmosphere pressure using a tube that has been deflated. It was filled with mercury, which has the highest density among liquids (13,600 kg/m3). Subsequently, a vertical scale was attached to the tube, and such an instrument was called a mercury barometer. In Torricelli's experiment, the mercury column, balancing the external air pressure, was set at a height of 76 cm or 760 mm. It was taken as a measure of air pressure. Value 760 mm. rt. st is considered normal atmospheric pressure at 0°C at sea level latitude. It is known that atmospheric pressure is very variable and fluctuates during the day. This is due to temperature change. It also decreases with height. Indeed, in the upper layers of the atmosphere, the density of air becomes less.
Using a physical formula, it is possible to convert millimeters of mercury to pascals. To do this, you need the density of mercury (13600kg / m3) multiplied by the acceleration of gravity (9.8 kg / m3) and multiplied by the height of the mercury column (0.6m). Accordingly, we obtain a standard atmospheric pressure of 101325 Pa or approximately 101 kPa. Hectopascals are still used in meteorology. 1 hPa = 100 Pa. And how many pascals will be 1 mm. rt. st? To do this, divide 101325 Pa by 760. We get the desired dependence: 1 mm. rt. st \u003d 3.2 Pa or about 3.3 Pa. Therefore, if required, for example, translate 750 mm. rt. Art. in pascals, you just need to multiply the numbers 750 and 3.3. The resulting answer will be the pressure measured in pascals.
Interestingly, in 1646, the scientist Pascal used a water barometer to measure atmospheric pressure. But since the density of water is less than the density of mercury, the height of the water column was much higher than that of mercury. Scuba divers are well aware that atmospheric pressure is the same as at a depth of 10 meters underwater. Therefore, the use of a water barometer causes some inconvenience. Although the advantage is that water is always at hand and is not poisonous.
Non-systemic units of pressure are widely used today. In addition to meteorological reports, millimeters of mercury are used in many countries to measure blood pressure. In the human lungs, pressure is expressed in centimeters of water column. In vacuum technology, millimeters, micrometers, and inches of mercury are used. Moreover, vacuum workers most often omit the words "mercury column" and talk about pressure, measured in millimeters. But mm. rt. Art. no one translates to pascals. Vacuum systems assume too low pressures compared to atmospheric. After all, vacuum means "airless space."
Therefore, here we already have to talk about a pressure of several micrometers or microns of mercury. And the actual measurement of pressure is carried out using special pressure gauges. So the McLeod vacuum gauge compresses the gas with a modified mercury manometer, maintaining a stable state of the gas. The device technique has the highest accuracy, but the measurement method takes a lot of time. Not always translation into pascals is of practical importance. After all, thanks to the once conducted experience, the existence of atmospheric pressure was clearly proven, and its measurement became publicly available. So on the walls of museums, art galleries, libraries you can find simple devices - barometers that do not use liquids. And their shala is graduated for convenience both in millimeters of mercury and in pascals.
Pressure is a physical quantity showing the acting force per unit area of a surface perpendicular to this surface.
Pressure is defined as P = F / S, where P is pressure, F is pressure force, S is surface area. From this formula it can be seen that the pressure depends on the surface area of the body acting with a certain force. The smaller the surface area, the greater the pressure.
The unit of pressure is Newton per square meter(H/m2). We can also convert pressure units N/m2 to pascals, units of measurement named after the French scientist Blaise Pascal, who derived the so-called Pascal's Law. 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa.
What???
Pressure of gases and liquids - manometer, differential pressure gauge, vacuum meter, pressure sensor.
Atmospheric pressure - barometer.
Blood pressure - tonometer.
And so, once again, pressure is defined as P = F / S. The force in the gravitational field is equal to weight - F = m * g, where m is the mass of the body; g is the free fall acceleration. Then the pressure is
P = m * g / S. Using this formula, you can determine the pressure exerted by the body on the surface. For example, a person on the ground.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with height. The dependence of atmospheric pressure on altitude is determined by the barometric formula -
P = Po*exp(-µgh/RT). Where, μ = 0.029 kg/m3 is the molecular weight of the gas (air); g = 9.81 m/s2 is the free fall acceleration; h - ho - the difference between the height above sea level and the height taken at the beginning of the report (h=ho); R = 8.31 - J/mol K - gas constant; Ro - atmospheric pressure at a height taken as the reference point; T is the temperature in Kelvin.
It has been experimentally established that atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. The standard atmospheric pressure is assumed to be 760 mm Hg. Art., or 101 325 Pa, hence the definition of a millimeter of mercury 101 325/760 Pa = 133.322 368, i.e. 1 mmHg Art. = 133.322 Pa.
mercury mercury(Russian Mark: mmHg mmHg
St.; international: mmHg Art.) is a non-systematic pressure measurement unit equal to 101 325/760 ≈ 133.32 368 4 Pa; sometimes called "Thor"(Russian tag - torr, International - Torr) in honor of the evangelists Torricelli.
In the Russian Federation, it is allowed to use a millimeter of mercury as outsourcing without limiting the duration of "medicine, meteorology, aviation" .
international organization of legal metrology (OIML) in its recommendation applies the millimeter of mercury to units of measurement "which may be provisionally used before the date specified in national regulations, but cannot be determined if they are not used".
The source of this device is connected to a method of measuring atmospheric pressure using a barometer, in which the pressure is controlled by a liquid column. Liquid mercury is widely used because it has a very high density (≈13,600 kg/m3), which reduces the required liquid column height and low pressure steam at room temperature.
Atmospheric pressure in the sea is about 760 mm Hg. The standard atmospheric pressure is assumed to be (exactly) 760 mmHg. Art. Or 101 325 Pa, so the definition of a millimeter of mercury (101 325/760 Pa) is assumed. Previously, a slightly different definition was used: the height of a mercury column is 1 mm and the density is 13.5951 x 103 kg / m³, the free fall acceleration is 9.806 65 m / s².
The difference between these two definitions is 0.000014%.
Pressure: a little history and units of measurement
Millimeters of mercury are used, for example, in vacuum engineering, meteorological reports, and blood pressure measurements. Since vacuum engineering is often pressure measured in millimeters, we simply omit the word "Hg" for the physical transition to vacuum systems micrometers (microns), usually without "Hg" pressure.
When the vacuum pump shows a pressure of 25 microns, this is the last vacuum produced by this pump, measured in microns of the mercury column. Of course, no one uses a Torricelli gauge to measure such low pressures.
Use other instruments such as a McLeod gauge (vacuum gauge) to measure low pressure.
Sometimes millimeters of water (1 mmHg = 13,5951 mm of water.). The United States and Canada also use the "v. Hg" (inHg). one inches of mercury = 3386389 kPa at 0 °C
| 1 N/m² | 10-5 | 10.197 10-6 | 9.8692 10-6 | 7,500 10-3 | 1.0197 10-4 | 145.04 10-6 |
| 105 | 1 106 dynes/cm² | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 10197 | 14,504 |
| 98066,5 | 0.980665 | 1 kgf / cm² | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 10 | 14223 |
| 101325 | 1,01325 | 1033 | 1 atm | 760 | 10:33 | 14,696 |
| 133,322 | 1.3332 10-3 | 1.3595 10-3 | 1.3158 10-3 | 1 mmHg Art. | 13.595 10-3 | 19.337 10-3 |
| 9806,65 | 9 80665 10-2 | 0,1 | 0.096784 | 73556 | 1 m of water. Art. | 1,4223 |
| 6894,76 | 68 948 10-3 | 70.307 10-3 | 68 046 10-3 | 51,715 | 0,70307 | 1 lb/in² |
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To find out how many millimeters of mercury are in the atmosphere, you need to use a simple web calculator. Enter the number of millimeters of mercury you want to change in the left box. In the field on the right you will see the result of the calculation.
If you need to convert millimeters to mercury or other atmospheric units, click on the appropriate link.
What is "millimeter mercury"
Additional system millimeter of mercury (mmHg)
R. mmHg Art.), sometimes called "torr", is equal to 101 325/760 ≈ 133 322 368 4 Pa. Atmospheric pressure was measured with a mercury barometer, hence the name of this unit of measure. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. or 101 325 Pa, so the value is 101 325/760 Pa. This device is traditionally used in vacuum technology, blood pressure measurements and weather reporting.
Unit converter
Some instruments measure millimeters of water (1 mmHg, V = 13951 mm of water, V.) and "Hg" (Hg) = 3.386389 kPa at 0° found in the United States and Canada C .
What is "atmosphere"
A non-systematic pressure measurement unit that approximates atmospheric pressure at global sea level.
In addition, two units are the technical atmosphere (at, at) and the normal, standard or physical atmosphere (atm, atm). One technical atmosphere is a single perpendicular force of 1 kg of force on a flat surface of 1 cm2.
1 at. = 98.066.5 Pa. The standard atmosphere is a 760 mm mercury column with a mercury density of 13,595.04 kg/m³ and zero temperature.
1 atm = 101 325 Pa = 1.0323233 at. the Russian Federation uses only the technical atmosphere.
In the past, the terms "ata" and "ati" were used for absolute and gauge pressure. Overpressure is the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure when the absolute is greater than atmospheric pressure.
The difference between atmospheric and absolute pressure, when the absolute pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, is called vacuum (vacuum).
The definition of atmospheric pressure is very simple - it is Atmosphere pressure that is in it and on the surface of the planet. In other words, atmospheric pressure is the pressure of one column, which is on top, with an area of 1 square meter.
Atmospheric pressure measurement
The pressure units are pascal, rods and millimeters of mercury. The latter is used in barometers (special measuring instruments) and is understood by ordinary people, as many people use barometers.
Many people know that 760 mm of mercury normal pressure(this is the atmospheric pressure at sea, since it is accepted as the norm). Just add that it's ok at 0°C.
Another popular unit of measurement that is often used in physics is the pascal. The value of 101325 Pa is called normal pressure and corresponds to 760 mm of mercury.
Well, the last unit of measure is the bat.
1 bar = 100,000 Pa. In this case, the normal pressure is 1.01325 bar.
Has anyone heard the expression one atmosphere or three atmospheres, for example?
mercury mercury
Thus, the atmosphere in this case is called normal pressure (which we talked about above). But a pressure equal to three atmospheres cannot be called normal, since it is three times higher than normal.
To simplify the calculation, in the concept of chemistry standard atmospheric pressure.
This is almost the same as normal - 100,000 Pa (100 kPa) or 1 bar.
Man is far from being the king of nature, but her child, an integral part of the universe. We live in a world where everything is strictly interconnected and subject to one single system.
Everyone knows that the Earth is surrounded by a dense air mass, which is usually called the atmosphere. And on every object, including the human body, it “compresses” an air column that has a certain weight. Scientists experimentally found that for every square centimeter human body atmospheric pressure weighing 1033 kilograms.
And if you do simple mathematical calculations, it turns out that the average person is under pressure of 15550 kg.
The weight is huge, but thankfully it's completely insensitive. Perhaps this is due to the fact that dissolved oxygen exists in human blood.
What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on a person? A little more about this.
Atmospheric pressure norm
Doctors who talk about what atmospheric pressure is considered normal show a range of 750 ... 760 mm Hg.
Such a distribution is quite acceptable, since the relief of the planet is not entirely uniform.
Meteorological dependence
Doctors say that some people's bodies can adapt to all conditions.
Even such serious tests as long-distance flights from one climatic zone to another are not at all for them.
At the same time, others who do not leave their homes feel the approach of weather changes. This can come in the form of severe headaches, unexplained weakness, or constantly wet hands, for example.
These people are more likely to have vascular and endocrine disorders than others.
It is especially difficult if atmospheric pressure is a sharp jump over a short time. According to statistics, most of the people whose body reacts so strongly to changes in atmospheric pressure are women living in large cities.
Unfortunately, the rigid rhythm of life, overpopulation, ecology are not the best followers of health.
If you want, you can get rid of the addiction. Just keep going and constantly have to be. Methods are known to all. This is the basis healthy lifestyle life: hardening, swimming, walking, running, healthy eating, adequate sleep, elimination of bad habits, weight loss.
How does our body react to increased atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure (standard for humans) is an ideal 760 mm Hg. But this indicator is very rare.
Due to the increase in atmospheric pressure, clear weather conditions, there are no sharp changes in humidity and air temperature. Such changes actively respond to the body of hypertension and allergies.
In a situation in the city, without wind, it is natural to pollute the gas.
First, patients with respiratory diseases.
An increase in atmospheric pressure also affects the immune system.
Conversion of millimeters of mercury to the atmosphere
This is reflected in the decrease in leukocytes in the blood. A weakened body will not easily control infections.
Doctors advise:
Start your day with light morning exercises. Take a contrast shower. For breakfast, give priority to foods that contain a lot of potassium (cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots, bananas). Don't allow more food.
Do not eat. This day is not the most successful for great physical effort and emotions. When you get home, take a one hour break, do your regular housework, leave early.
Low atmospheric pressure and good health
Low atmospheric pressure, that's how much? You can answer the conditional question if the barometer reading is less than 750 mm.st. But it all depends on where you live.
Especially for Moscow, the figures are 748-749 mm Hg. are the norm.
Among the first, I think it is an aberration of the "core" and those with intracranial pressure. Complaints in general are nausea, frequent migraines, lack of oxygen, shortness of breath and pain in the intestines.
Doctors advise:
Get your blood pressure back to normal.
Reduce physical activity. Every working hour brings ten minutes of rest. Drink fluids more often green tea with honey. Drink your morning coffee. Take the herbal tinctures indicated for sails. Relax in the evening under a contrast shower. Go to bed before your usual hour.
How changes in humidity affect your body
Low humidity of 30-40% is not helpful. This irritates the nasal mucosa. First, these abnormalities are the first, asthma and allergies.
To help in this case, the nosopharynx mucosa can be moistened with a slightly saline aqueous solution.
Frequent precipitation, of course, increases the humidity of the air to 70-90 percent. It also provides Negative influence on health.
High humidity may cause deterioration chronic diseases kidneys and joints.
Doctors advise:
If possible, change the climate to dry. Reduce holding time in wet weather. Go for a walk in warm clothes. Remember vitamins
Atmospheric pressure and temperature
The optimum temperature for a person in a room is not higher than +18.
This is especially true for the bedroom.
How does the interaction between atmospheric pressure and oxygen develop?
In the case of an increase in air temperature and a simultaneous decrease in atmospheric pressure, people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory organs suffer.
If the temperature drops and atmospheric pressure rises, it becomes bad for hypertensives, asthmatics, and patients with stomach and genitourinary problems.
In the case of sharp and multiple fluctuations in temperature in the body, unbearable a large number of histamine, the main causative agent that causes allergies.
Good to know
What is normal atmospheric pressure for a person you know now?
This is 760 mm Hg. St., but such barometers are very rare.
It is also important to know that the change in atmospheric pressure with height (during a rapid descent) is quite dramatic. Because of this difference, a person who quickly climbs a mountain can lose consciousness.
In Russia, atmospheric pressure is measured in mm Hg. Art. But the international system has its own unit of measure, the pascal.
At the same time, the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals will be 100 kPa. If you convert our 760mmHg. in Pascal, the normal atmospheric pressure in Pascals for our country will be 101.3 kPa.
Everyone knows that air pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, since this unit of measurement is used in everyday life. In physics, in the SI system of units, pressure is measured in pascals. The article will tell you how to convert millimeters of mercury to pascals.
Air pressure
First, let's deal with the question of what air pressure is. This value is understood as the pressure that the atmosphere of our planet exerts on any objects located on the surface of the Earth. It is easy to understand the reason for the appearance of this pressure: for this you need to remember that each body of finite mass has a certain weight, which can be determined by the formula: N \u003d m * g, where N is the weight of the body, g is the value of the acceleration of gravity, m is the mass of the body . The presence of weight in the body is due to gravity.
The atmosphere of our planet is a large gaseous body, which also has some mass, and therefore has weight. It has been experimentally established that the mass of air that exerts pressure on 1 m 2 of the earth's surface at sea level is approximately equal to 10 tons! The pressure exerted by this air mass is 101,325 pascals (Pa).
Pascal conversion millimeters of mercury
When viewing a weather forecast, atmospheric pressure information is usually presented in millimeters of a column of mercury (mmHg). To understand how mm Hg. Art. convert to pascals, you only need to know the ratio between these units. And remember this ratio is simple: 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to a pressure of 101 325 Pa.
Knowing the above figures, you can get the formula for converting millimeters of mercury to pascals. The easiest way to do this is to use a simple proportion. For example, some pressure H is known in mmHg. Art., then the pressure P in pascals will be: P \u003d H * 101325/760 \u003d 133.322 * H.
The above formula is easy to use. For example, at the top of Mount Elbrus (5642 m), the air pressure is approximately 368 mm Hg. Art. Substituting this value into the formula, we get: P = 133.322*H = 133.322*368 = 49062 Pa, or approximately 49 kPa.
Atmospheric air has a physical density, as a result of which it is attracted to the Earth and creates pressure. During the development of the planet, both the composition of the atmosphere and its atmospheric pressure changed. Living organisms were forced to adapt to the existing air pressure, changing their physiological characteristics. Deviations from the average atmospheric pressure cause changes in a person's well-being, while the degree of sensitivity of people to such changes is different.
normal atmospheric pressure
The air extends from the surface of the Earth to heights of the order of hundreds of kilometers, beyond which interplanetary space begins, while the closer to the Earth, the more air is compressed under the action of its own weight, respectively, atmospheric pressure is highest in earth's surface decreasing with increasing altitude.
At sea level (from which it is customary to count all heights), at a temperature of +15 degrees Celsius, atmospheric pressure averages 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). This pressure is considered to be normal (from a physical point of view), which does not mean at all that this pressure is comfortable for a person under any conditions.
Atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer graduated in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or other physical units such as pascals (Pa). 760 millimeters of mercury correspond to 101,325 pascals, but in everyday life the measurement of atmospheric pressure in pascals or derived units (hectopascals) did not take root.
Previously, atmospheric pressure was also measured in millibars, now obsolete and replaced by hectopascals. The norm of atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar.
Pressure 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the action on each square centimeter of the human body by a force of 1.033 kilograms. In total, the air presses on the entire surface of the human body with a force of about 15-20 tons.
But a person does not feel this pressure, since it is balanced by air gases dissolved in tissue fluids. This balance is disturbed by changes in atmospheric pressure, which a person perceives as a deterioration in well-being.
For some areas, the average value of atmospheric pressure differs from 760 mm. rt. Art. So, if in Moscow the average pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art., then in St. Petersburg only 748 mm Hg. Art.
At night, atmospheric pressure is slightly higher than daytime, and at the Earth's poles, atmospheric pressure fluctuations are more pronounced than in the equatorial zone, which only confirms the pattern that the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) as a habitat are hostile to humans.
In physics, the so-called barometric formula is derived, according to which, with an increase in altitude for each kilometer, atmospheric pressure drops by 13%. The actual distribution of air pressure does not follow the barometric formula quite accurately, since temperature, atmospheric composition, water vapor concentration and other indicators change depending on altitude.
Atmospheric pressure also depends on the weather, when air masses move from one area to another. All living things on Earth also react to atmospheric pressure. So, fishermen know that the atmospheric pressure for fishing is reduced, because when the pressure drops, predatory fish prefer to go hunting.
Impact on human health
Weather-dependent people, and there are 4 billion of them on the planet, are sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure, and some of them can quite accurately predict weather changes, guided by their well-being.
It is quite difficult to answer the question of what atmospheric pressure is the most optimal for places of residence and life of a person, since people adapt to life in different climatic conditions. Usually the pressure is in the range from 750 to 765 mm Hg. Art. does not worsen the well-being of a person, these atmospheric pressure values \u200b\u200bcan be considered within the normal range.
With changes in atmospheric pressure, weather-dependent people can feel:
- headache;
- vasospasm with circulatory disorders;
- weakness and drowsiness with increased fatigue;
- pain in the joints;
- dizziness;
- feeling of numbness in the limbs;
- decrease in heart rate;
- nausea and intestinal disorders;
- shortness of breath
- decrease in visual acuity.
Baroreceptors located in body cavities, joints, and blood vessels are the first to respond to changes in pressure.
With a change in pressure, weather-sensitive people experience disturbances in the work of the heart, heaviness in the chest, pain in the joints, and in case of digestive problems, flatulence and intestinal disorders are also observed. With a significant decrease in pressure, the lack of oxygen in the brain cells leads to headaches.
Also, changes in pressure can lead to mental disorders - people feel anxious, irritated, sleep restlessly or, in general, cannot sleep.
Statistics confirm that with sharp changes in atmospheric pressure, the number of offenses, accidents in transport and production increases. The influence of atmospheric pressure on arterial pressure is traced. In hypertensive patients, high atmospheric pressure can cause a hypertensive crisis with headache and nausea, despite the fact that clear sunny weather is set at this moment.
On the contrary, hypotensive patients react more sharply to a decrease in atmospheric pressure. The reduced concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere causes them circulatory disorders, migraines, shortness of breath, tachycardia and weakness.
Weather sensitivity can be the result of an unhealthy lifestyle. The following factors can lead to meteosensitivity or aggravate the degree of its manifestation:
- low physical activity;
- malnutrition with concomitant overweight;
- stress and constant nervous tension;
- bad state of the environment.
The elimination of these factors reduces the degree of meteosensitivity. Weather dependent people should:
- include in the diet foods high in vitamin B6, magnesium and potassium (vegetables and fruits, honey, lactic acid products);
- limit the consumption of meat, salty and fried foods, sweets and spices;
- stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
- increase physical activity, take walks in the fresh air;
- streamline sleep, sleep at least 7-8 hours.
For normal atmospheric pressure, it is customary to take the air pressure at sea level at a latitude of 45 degrees at a temperature of 0 ° C. Under these ideal conditions, a column of air presses on each area with the same force as a column of mercury 760 mm high. This figure is an indicator of normal atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric pressure depends on the height of the area above sea level. On a hill, the indicators may differ from ideal, but at the same time they will also be considered the norm.
Atmospheric pressure standards in different regions
As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. So, at an altitude of five kilometers, the pressure indicators will be approximately two times less than at the bottom.Due to the location of Moscow on a hill, the pressure here is considered to be 747-748 mm of column. In St. Petersburg, normal pressure is 753-755 mmHg. This difference is explained by the fact that the city on the Neva is located lower than Moscow. In some areas of St. Petersburg, you can meet the ideal pressure rate of 760 mm Hg. For Vladivostok, the normal pressure is 761 mmHg. And in the mountains of Tibet - 413 mm of mercury.
The effect of atmospheric pressure on people
A person gets used to everything. Even if the normal pressure is low compared to the ideal 760 mmHg, but is the norm for the area, people will.A person's well-being is affected by a sharp fluctuation in atmospheric pressure, i.e. decrease or increase in pressure by at least 1 mmHg for three hours
With a decrease in pressure, there is a lack of oxygen in the human blood, hypoxia of the cells of the body develops, and the heartbeat quickens. Headaches appear. There are difficulties on the part respiratory system. Due to poor blood supply, a person may be disturbed by pain in the joints, numbness of the fingers.
An increase in pressure leads to an excess of oxygen in the blood and tissues of the body. The tone of blood vessels increases, which leads to their spasms. As a result, the blood circulation of the body is disturbed. There may be visual disturbances in the form of the appearance of "flies" before the eyes, dizziness, nausea. A sharp increase in pressure to large values \u200b\u200bcan lead to rupture of the ear tympanic membrane.