A real single-cylinder electric motor with your own hands. How and what can be made from a motor from a toy or household appliances How to make it yourself without a motor

13.03.2020

What do you do when the electricity goes out at night? Most likely, you light candles and spend the evening waiting for the power to come on. And you can make good use of this time. For example, to light up a room with an ordinary magnet and wire, which will allow the lamp to work without electricity. Or make a motor that can work autonomously.

DIY electromagnetic motor

This homemade electric motor is easy to make from improvised materials at home. It should be noted that such a device can be used not only as good example, but also for its intended purpose, for example, by attaching a fan to the rotor.

For manufacturing you will need:

Spoke;
Thin metal plates;
Bolts with nuts;
Copper wire;
Piece of plywood.

From a metal sheet 0.2 mm thick, cut out 5 rectangular plates 40 by 15 mm. We make holes in the center of all plates and put them on the prepared knitting needle. Next, you need to fix the plates together with electrical tape.

For better rotation of the rotor, the ends of the spokes are sharpened, thereby ensuring the least contact with the surface.

Then, on the axis, it is necessary to fix a home-made current breaker, which is made of the metal from which the plates are made. The dimensions of the interrupter are 3 by 1 cm. This plate is folded in half and put on the axis.

Next, we make the base of plywood. To do this, on a piece of plywood measuring 50 by 50 mm, we drill three holes (two for bolts along the edges and one in the center for installing the rotor). We make a U-shaped holder for the upper part of the rotor from a metal plate. And we drill a hole in the center.

After that, for the manufacture of the stator, we cut out three plates from metal that will connect the bolts in the lower part of the structure and make two holes for the bolts in them. We put these plates on the bolts, and insert the bots into the holes on the wooden platform.

Further, the bolts are wrapped with electrical tape, and 500 turns of copper wire are wound around it. At one of the corners of the wooden structure, a holder for a contact breaker is attached. Electricity is connected to the coils with a voltage of 12 volts.

How to make a motor out of a battery

This electric motor is more of a demonstration character. In order to make the simplest motor, it will take a certain amount of time and improvised materials.

Main elements:

Battery 1.5 V;
Small magnet;
pins;
Scotch;
Plasticine.

First of all, it is necessary to make a coil, which will act as a rotor. To do this, we wind enameled copper wire around the battery (6 turns). We thread the ends of the wire into the resulting coil and fix it with knots.

To stiffen the structure, it is better to use a wire with a cross section of at least 0.5 mm.

We bite off the ends of the coil with pliers (they should turn out to be about 4 cm each). We clean one end of the varnish completely, and the second only on one side (it will act as an interrupter).

Next, using adhesive tape, attach the pins to the contacts of the battery. To do this, you just need to attach pins and wrap the battery with tape. Then, a magnet is installed on the battery using plasticine.

We insert the coil into the ears of the pins. In this coil, a magnetic field is formed, due to which the rotation of the movable structural element occurs. If rotation does not occur, swap the coil contacts.

Magnet from the speaker, copper wire and a lamp for making a lamp

by the most in a simple way to bring a fluorescent lamp into working condition is to place it in the electromagnetic field of a conventional magnet, which is used to work in old Soviet speakers.

The device consists of:

Round magnet;
Copper wire.

To make this device, you first need to remove the magnet from the speaker. Further, using a hammer, without applying great force, beat off the metal plates from the magnet with light blows.

Note! If the plates do not move away from the magnet, you can soak it for a while in a solvent.

After the plates are removed from the magnet, it must be cleaned of contaminants. To do this, use a regular rag or rag.

Next, the winding is manufactured. To do this, take a piece of copper wire in insulation. The length of the wire should be long enough to fold it in half and wind the magnet with five turns. The double end of the wire is threaded into the resulting wire eye.

After the magnet is wrapped, an ordinary fluorescent lamp is inserted into the central part of the magnet. This design can be equipped decorative materials and use as a standalone lamp.

The best homemade magnets

The use of magnets in everyday life is so wide that it would take a long time to list them all. But since many are rather entertaining, let's take a closer look at listing the widely used ones.

Magnets are used:

During installation work;
Washing windows;
as holders.

First of all, it is worth noting that the search for magnets is not a very difficult task. magnets small size, you can find in old headphones. More powerful neodymium magnets can be removed from old computer hard drives.

Let's assume you are working with wooden structure. In one hand you hold a hammer, and in the other an element of this design. In this case, holding an armful of nails is not very convenient. To do this, you just need to place a magnet in your breast pocket and glue nails to it.

There are situations when you have to tighten screws in hard-to-reach places in which it is not possible to hold the screw. To do this, simply attach the magnet to the metal part of the screwdriver. A magnetized screwdriver allows you to hold a bolt or self-tapping screw on its own.

If you stick small magnets to computer desk(in any convenient place), you can use them as holders for various USB or other types of wires. To do this, small springs are put on the wires (springs from handles can be used), which are a metal magnetized structure.

The force of attraction of a magnet depends not only on its size, but also on the time of its operation.

As an integral element of decor, magnets can be used as fasteners for a puzzle located on the refrigerator door. For this, any photograph is taken, which is drawn on certain elements. A small magnet is glued to each element using ordinary glue. The photo is divided into constituent elements. After that, it is assembled on the refrigerator door in the form of a puzzle.

What can be done from a battery (video)

In order to assemble an almost eternal electric motor at home, it is enough to have ingenuity and ordinary knowledge in the field of electrical engineering. Which in some cases will undoubtedly come in handy.

It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble the simplest (but really working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and small coil wire, which we ourselves will make.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor. A secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for the battery.

1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will spin. To make the coil sufficiently even and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Don't try to wind the spool too tightly and evenly, a small degree of freedom will help the spool retain its shape better.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the free ends of the wire several times around the turns to keep the shape, making sure that the new binding turns are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:

Now it's time for the secret, the feature that will make the motor work. It's a secret because it's a subtle and non-obvious trick, and it's very hard to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about the operation of engines may be surprised by the ability of the motor to work until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of a table. With a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are pointing up at the two free ends of the coil.

What is the meaning of this approach? The coil will lie on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that current can flow from one holder through the coil to the other holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.

Now you need to make support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to spin. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver an electric current to it.

Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you've got the right part for our engine.

The foundation of our first the electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base, because at installed battery it will be heavy enough to the motor did not shake.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet at first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...

If done correctly, THE COIL WILL START SPINING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

If, nevertheless, the motor does not work, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the coil rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or cut wire holders)?

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is large enough. Just remove the coil and the circuit will be broken.

To understand the manufacturing process of an asynchronous electric motor with your own hands, you should know its structure and principle of operation. When following the step-by-step instructions, independently make a design with minimal cost on materials, as improvised means are used during assembly.

Preparation of materials

Before starting the assembly, you need to make sure that you have the necessary materials:

insulating tape;
thermal and superglue;
battery;
a few bolts;
bicycle spoke;
copper wire;
metal plate;
nut and washer;
plywood.

It is necessary to prepare several tools, including pliers, tweezers, a knife, scissors.

Manufacturing

First, a uniform winding of the wire is carried out. It is carefully wound onto a coil. To facilitate the process, you can use the base, taking, for example, a rechargeable battery. The winding density should not be large, but light is also not needed.

The resulting coil must be removed from the base. Do this carefully so that the winding is not damaged. This is necessary for the manufacture of a speed controller for the engine with your own hands. The next step is to remove the insulation at the ends of the wire.

At the next stage, they make a frequency converter for an electric motor with their own hands. The design is made simple. A hole is drilled in 5 plates with an electric drill, then they should be put on a bicycle spoke, which is taken as an axis. The plates are pressed, while their fixation is carried out with the help of electrical tape, the excess is cut off with a clerical knife.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the frequency converter creates a magnetic field near itself, which disappears after the electric current is turned off. Using this property, it is necessary to attract and release metal parts, while switching on and off the electric current.

Making a current interrupter

Taking a plate of small dimensions, they mount it on the axis, for reliability, pressing the structure with pliers. Next, they manufacture the winding of the armature of the electric motor with their own hands. To do this, you need to take unvarnished copper wire.

One of its ends is connected to a metal plate, having installed an axis on its surface. Electric current will pass through the entire structure, consisting of a plate, a metal interrupter and an axis. Upon contact with the breaker, the circuit is closed and opened, which makes it possible to connect an electromagnet and then turn it off.

We make a frame

The frame is necessary, since the electric motor allows you to not hold this device with your hands. The frame is made from plywood.

Making an inductor

2 holes are made in the plywood structure, subsequently the electric motor coil is fixed here with bolts. Such supports perform the following functions:

anchor support;
implementation of the function of an electrical wire.

After connecting the plates, the structure should be pressed with bolts. In order for the anchor to be fixed in a vertical position, a frame is made of a metal bracket. In its design, 3 holes are drilled: one of them is equal in size to the axis, and two are equal in diameter to the screws.

The process of making cheeks

Paper must be placed on the nut, a hole should be punched from above with a bolt. After putting paper on the bolt, a washer is placed in the upper part of it. In total, four such details should be done. The nuts are screwed on the upper cheek, a washer should be placed from below and the structure should be fixed with hot glue. The frame structure is ready.

Next, you need to rewind the wire for electric motors with your own hands. The end of the wire is wound on the frame, while twisting the ends of the wire so that the coil is beautiful and presentable. Next, loosen the nuts and remove the bolt. The beginning and end of the wire are cleaned of varnish, and then the structure is mounted on the bolt.

Having made the second coil in this way, it is necessary to connect the structure and check how the electric motor works. The bolt head is connected to the plus. It is necessary to carry out a soft start of an electric motor assembled by oneself.

Pay close attention to contacts. Before starting, check their connection carefully. The design must be glued with superglue. With an increase in current, an increase in electric motor power occurs.

If the coils are connected in parallel, then there is a decrease in the total resistance and an increase electric current. If the structure is connected in series. then the total resistance increases, and the electric current decreases greatly.

Passing through the coil design, an increase in electric current is observed, which leads to an increase in the size magnetic field. In this case, the electric magnet strongly attracts the electric motor anchor.

If the design is assembled correctly, then the operation of the electric motor is fast and efficient. To assemble a model of an electric motor, you do not need any special skills and knowledge.

Can be found on the Internet step by step instructions with photos at each stage. Taking advantage of this, anyone can quickly assemble an electric motor from scrap materials.

DIY photo of electric motors

Who would have thought that the simplest inverter can be made without the use of transistors, microcircuits and complex circuits. I showed you last time. As it turned out, this is not the only way to build an inverter. I'll show you how you can convert electrical energy from 12V DC to 220V AC.

What will be needed?

step up transformer. Naturally, before it worked as a step down, but we will use it the other way around. Such transformers can be found in receivers, electronic watches, old tape recorders.

Assembly of the inverter

In fact, our circuit consists of only three parts connected in series to each other. This is a transformer connected to the circuit with a low-resistance winding (the high-resistance winding is the output of the inverter). Batteries - accumulators or batteries. And a switching element, in the role of which an electric motor will be used, which can be removed from broken children's toys.

Here is the motor itself. Just do not insert it into the circuit - it will not switch. We need to improve it.

To do this, we disassemble the motor.

We remove the back part, before bending the holders.

Anchor needs to be fixed. This consists in disconnecting one winding from the contacts. To do this, we cut off the wires of any one winding.

We assemble the motor.

After such refinement, the motor will not be able to fully spin, since one winding will be turned off. But if you start it by hand, then the motor has enough power to maintain rotation. And the absence of one winding will periodically break the power circuit between the batteries and the transformer, where the motor is connected in series.
We include in the chain.

We connect a multimeter to the output of the transformer. Then turn on the power. It happens that the motor itself starts, but usually not. Then we start the shaft by hand, gently twisting it.

The inverter is working! The multimeter reading jumps from zero to about 250 V. This is normal, since this is a technical inverter to power primitive devices.

Trying to connect Charger. Everything works fine - the phone is charging.

We connect the light bulb - the lamp shines.

Of course, there is no need to talk about the quality of the converted energy, but in complex life situations something like this might come in handy.

You will need

- battery holder with contacts;
- magnet;
- AA battery or battery;
- 1 meter of wire with enamel insulation, 0.8-1 mm in diameter;
- 0.3 meters of bare wire, with a diameter of 0.8-1 mm.

Instruction

Start the work on creating an electric motor by winding the coil. To do this, you need a wire that has enamel insulation. Wind the wire in even turns. This is quite difficult to do, so use a base, such as a battery. Leave 5cm of wire free at each end. Wind about 20 turns on the warp you are using. The winding should not be very tight, but at the same time, too loose winding will not work. Remove the resulting coil from the frame. Do this very carefully, trying not to damage the winding. Twist the ends of the wire left free around the turns obtained during winding. This is necessary in order for the coil to retain its shape. Place the turns obtained during winding exactly opposite each other. Leave about 1cm of wire. Due to these ends, the coil will be placed on the holders. To improve the performance of the electric motor, strip the insulation at the ends of the wire from which the coil is made. There is a little trick here. Remove insulation from only one side of each end. For example, only from the upper half of the ends of the wire.
the upper part must remain insulated. Most importantly, make sure that the insulated edges are down at both ends of the spool. Make the holders on which the coil will be located from a wire without insulation. Outwardly, they are a wire, bent in half, with a loop. The ends left when winding the coil will be inserted into this loop. Just bend a piece of wire 15 cm long in half, wrapping it around the nail in the middle. Make the base of the electric motor from the battery holder. It has a certain weight and will keep your engine from vibrating while running. Now start assembling the engine. Attach the holders to the battery. Insert it into the battery holder. Place the spool on the holders. Put a magnet on the battery. Did the coil start spinning? So everything is done right.

If you want to stop the motor, remove the coil from the holders. This will open the circuit and the engine will stop running.

Sources:

how to make an electric motor with your own hands

www.kakprosto.ru

How to make an electric motor with your own hands

Consider some aspects of design. We do not promise to make a perpetual motion machine, like the one attributed to Tesla's authorship, but we will still tell you something interesting. Also, we will not disturb readers with various paper clips and batteries, but instead we propose to talk about how you can adapt an existing motor for your purposes. It is known that there are many designs, and all of them are used somewhere, but modern literature leaves such basic foundations behind the stern. Therefore, we studied the textbook of the last century on how to make an electric motor with our own hands, and now we offer to plunge into such knowledge that forms the basis for any specialist.

Why are collector motors often used in everyday life?

Collector type of engine

If we take one phase at 220V, then the principle of operation of the electric motor on the collector allows us to make devices 2-3 times less massive than it would be when using an asynchronous design. This is very important in the manufacture of such devices as hand blenders, mixers of various kinds and even meat grinders. But among other things, it is difficult to accelerate an asynchronous motor above 3000 rpm, while there is no such limitation for collector motors. And this makes them the only ones suitable for the implementation of designs of centrifugal juicers, not to mention vacuum cleaners, where the speed is often no lower.

And there is no question of how to make an electric motor speed controller. The problem was solved a long time ago by cutting off part of the supply voltage sinusoid cycle. This becomes possible because it makes no difference to the collector motor whether it is powered by alternating or direct current. In the first case, the characteristics fall, but they put up with this because of the obvious benefits. That is why the collector-type electric motor works and in washing machine, and in the dishwasher. Although the speeds are very different.

It is quite easy to get and reverse. To do this, simply change the polarity of the voltage on one of the windings (if both are affected, the direction of rotation will remain the same). Another question is how to make an engine that has so many constituent parts. We will talk a little on this topic, although it is unlikely that anyone will be able to make a collector with their own hands, but it is quite possible to rewind it and pick up a stator. It should be immediately noted that the rotation speed depends on the number of sections of the rotor (as well as on the amplitude of the supply voltage). While the stator has only two poles.

Finally, it is when using this design that it is possible to create a universal device. The engine runs without problems from both AC and direct current. It’s just that a tap is made on the winding, and when turned on from the rectified voltage, all the turns are used, and with a sinusoidal, only part of them. This allows you to keep the nominal parameters. We would not say that making a primitive collector-type electric motor would be an easy task, but you can completely and completely adapt the parameters to your needs. And this is a great thing, because it is unlikely that we took up such a task to see how a copper spiral spins around an AAA battery.

In a commutator motor, there are usually not very many poles on the stator. To be more precise, there are two of them at all - northern and southern. Magnetic field in opposition asynchronous motors does not rotate here. Instead, the position of the poles on the rotor changes. This state of affairs is ensured by the fact that the brushes gradually move along the sections of the copper drum. The special winding of the coils ensures proper distribution. The poles seem to slide around the circle of the rotor, pushing it in the right direction.

That is why to ensure the reverse mode, it is enough to change the polarity of the power supply of any winding. The rotor in this case is called the armature, and the stator is called the exciter. The whole charm lies in the fact that these circuits can be switched on both in parallel with each other and in series. And this will significantly change the characteristics of the device. This is all described by the so-called mechanical characteristics, take a look at the attached drawing to get an idea of what is at stake. Here, graphs for two cases are rather conventionally shown:

Graph of changes in the characteristics of the device

With parallel supply of the exciter (stator) and the armature (rotor) of the collector motor with direct current, its mechanical characteristic is almost horizontal. This means that when the load on the shaft changes, the nominal shaft speed is practically maintained. This is used on machining machines, where changing the speed would not have the best effect on quality. As a result, the part rotates when it is touched with a cutter as quickly as at the start.
if the obstructing moment increases too much, then the movement stalls. The engine stops. For us, from all this we need to extract the following: if you want to use the engine from a vacuum cleaner to create a metalworking (lathe) machine, then the windings should be connected in parallel. Since another type of inclusion just dominates in household appliances. But this is not just done. When the windings are supplied in parallel with alternating current, too much inductive resistance is formed. Therefore, this technique should be used with caution.
When the rotor and stator are fed in series, a lovely property appears in the collector motor - a large torque at the start. This quality is actively used for breaking trams, trolleybuses and, most likely, electric trains. The main thing is that when the load increases, the speed does not break. But if you start the collector engine in this mode at idle, then the speed of rotation of the shaft will increase immensely. If the power is low - tens of W - there is nothing to worry about: the friction force of bearings and brushes, as well as an increase in induction currents and the phenomenon of remagnetization of the core, together will slow down growth at some value. But in the case of industrial units or the same vacuum cleaner, when its engine is removed from the body, the speed increase is like an avalanche. In this case, the centrifugal force is so great that the loads can break the anchor. Be careful when starting commutator motors with series excitation.

Collector motors with parallel connection of the stator and rotor windings are perfectly adjustable. By introducing a rheostat into the exciter circuit, it is possible to significantly increase the speed. And if the same one is attached to the anchor branch, then the rotation, on the contrary, will slow down. This is widely used in engineering to obtain the desired characteristics.

The design of the collector motor and its connection with losses

When designing commutator motors, some information regarding losses must be taken into account. In this case, they are of three types:

See also: How to connect a ground outlet

Usually, when supplying a collector motor with alternating current, the windings are connected in series. Because otherwise there is too much inductive reactance.

It can be added to the above that when the collector motor is powered by alternating current, the inductive resistance of the windings comes into play. That is why, with the same operating voltage, the speed will decrease. In addition, the stator poles and the housing will need to be somehow protected from magnetic losses. The need for this can be seen in a simple experience: feed a low-power collector motor from a battery. His body will remain cold. But if we now apply an alternating current with the same effective value (that is, according to the testimony of the tester), then the picture will change. Now the housing of the collector motor will start to warm up.

Sketch of the stator assembly in cross section and side

That is why they even try to assemble the casing from sheets of electrical steel. Riveting it or gluing it with the help of BF-2 or its analogues. Finally, let's supplement this with one more statement: the sheets are typed along the cross section. Very often the stator is assembled according to the sketch shown in the figure. In this case, the coil is wound separately according to the template, and then insulated and put on in its place. This helps simplify assembly. As for the techniques, it would be easiest to cut steel on a plasma machine, and it is better not to think about how much it will cost.

The easiest way to find (in a landfill, in a garage, etc.) is already finished form for assembly. And then wind coils of copper wire with varnish insulation under it. To do this, obviously the diameter must be larger. First, the finished coil is pulled on one protrusion of the core, and then on the other. Then the wire is pressed so that a small air gap remains at the ends. It is believed that this is not critical. To keep it all, sharp corners are cut off at the two extreme plates, and the remaining middle is bent outward, pressing the ends of the coil outward. This will help to assemble the engine the way it is customary to do in factories.

Is it difficult to make an electric motor with your own hands?

To understand how to make an electric motor with your own hands, you need to remember how it works and how it works.

If you follow the instructions step by step, it is not so difficult to make an electric motor yourself. The motor will serve for your projects.

The cost of manufacturing an electric motor will be minimal, since you can make an electric motor with your own hands from improvised means.

materials

First of all, you need to stock up on the necessary materials:

bolts;
a bicycle spoke;
nuts;
electrical tape;
copper wire;
a metal plate;
super and hot glue;
plywood;
washers.

You can not do without such tools:

electric drills;
stationery knife;
pliers;
grinding machine;
hammer;
scissors;
soldering iron;
tweezers;
sewed.

Manufacturing process

You need to start work on making an electric motor with your own hands by making five plates, in which you later need to drill a hole in the center with an electric drill and put it on the axle - a bicycle spoke.

Pressing the plates tightly against each other, fix their ends with electrical tape, cutting off the excess with a clerical knife. If the axles are uneven, they need to be sharpened.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the latter creates a magnetic field around itself, which does not differ from the field of an ordinary magnet, but disappears when the current is turned off. This property can be used to attract and release metal objects by turning the current on and off.

As an experiment, you can make a circuit consisting of a button and an electromagnet, which this button will help turn on and off.

The circuit is powered by a 12V computer power supply. If the axis with the plates is installed next to the electromagnet and the current is turned on, then they will be attracted and one of the sides will turn towards the electromagnet.

If the current is first turned on, and turned off at the moment when the plates came as close as possible to the electromagnet, then they will fly through it by inertia, having made a revolution.

If the moment is guessed constantly, and the current is turned on, they will rotate. To make it in right moment, a circuit breaker is required.

Making a current interrupter

Again, you need a small plate, which you need to fix on the axis, pressing it with pliers so that the fastening is secure. How it should look, the video will help you understand:

Video: How to make an electric motor

One of the contacts is connected to a metal plate, and an axis is installed on top of it. Since the axis, plate and breaker are metal, current will flow through them. By touching the breaker contact, the circuit can be closed and opened, which will allow the electromagnet to be connected and disconnected at the right time.

The resulting do-it-yourself rotating structure is called an armature in DC motors, and a stationary electromagnet interacting with the armature is called an inductor.

The armature in AC motors is called the rotor, and the inductor is called the stator. The names are sometimes confused, but this is wrong.

Frame making

It must be done so that the design of the electric motor is not held by hand. The base material is plywood.

DIY inductor

In plywood we will make two holes for an M6 bolt 25 mm long, on which we will place the motor coils later. We screw the nuts onto the bolts and cut out three parts for connecting the bolts (supports).

The supports have two functions: the armature axis of the hand-made electric motor will rest on them, the second - they will serve as a magnetic circuit that will connect the bolts. Under them you need to make holes (by eye, since this does not require special accuracy). The plates are connected together and placed from below, pressing with bolts. Putting the coil on the bolts, we get a kind of horseshoe-shaped magnet.

To fix the motor armature in a vertical position, you need to make a frame from sheet metal(bracket). We drill three holes in it: one along the diameter of the axis and two on the sides for screws (for fastening).

Coil manufacturing

To make them, you will need a strip of cardboard and thin paper (see dimensions on the drawing). Having removed the bolt from the base, we wind a thick strip on it in 4-5 layers, fixing it with 2 layers of electrical tape. The strip stays tight enough. Carefully remove it to wind the wire.

After the wire is wound, we take out the paper from the inside with tweezers, cut off the extra layers so that the coil can be easily put on the bolt. We cut off the excess from the coil, taking into account the fact that there will still be cheeks on top and bottom, which are necessary so that the wire does not slip during operation of the electric motor. In the same way, we make the second coil with our own hands and proceed to the manufacture of cheeks.

How to make cheeks with your own hands?

We put thick paper on the nut, and punch a hole from above with a bolt. Make it easy. Then putting the paper on the bolt, put the washer on top and cut it out, after circling it with a pencil. It turns out it is in the form of a similar washer.

In total, you need to make 4 such parts to install on the bolt from above and below. We wind the nut on the upper cheek, placing a metal washer and fix both cheeks with hot glue. The frame, which is made by hand, is ready.

Now it remains to wind a wire (500 turns) varnished with a diameter of 0.2 mm on it. We twist the beginning and end of the wire so that it does not unwind. Having unscrewed the nut, I removed the bolt - a beautiful little coil remains.

We free the ends of the wire from varnish using a clerical knife, tin, install on the bolt. Do the same with the second coil.

So that the plates and the current interrupter do not scroll on the axis, it is recommended to glue them with superglue.

Now we connect the coils in series to check the operation of the electric motor. Plus, we connect to the beginning of the winding (from the side of the bolt head). With the help of a sliding contact, we find the position in which the electric motor works as efficiently as possible.

Such contacts are called brushes in electric motors. In order not to hold the latter with your hands, you need brush holders that are glued to superglue, lubricating the points of friction of the axis with oil.

By connecting the coils in parallel, we increase the current (since the coils have resistance), therefore, the power of the electric motor will increase. That is, coils can be represented as resistances.

And when they are connected in parallel, the total resistance decreases, which means that the current increases. When connected in series, everything happens exactly the opposite.

And, since the current through the coil increases, then the magnetic field is greater, and the armature of the electric motor is more strongly attracted to the electromagnet.

Video: Electric motor in a few minutes

Interesting materials:

How to assemble the simplest electric motor at home?

We continue to discover new useful electronic homemade products for you and today we will talk about how to make an engine out of a battery, copper wire and a magnet. Such a mini electric motor can be used as a fake on the table of a home electrician. It is quite simple to assemble it, so if you are interested in this type of activity, then we will provide detailed instructions with photo and video examples, so that the assembly of the simplest motor is understandable and accessible to everyone!

Step 1 - Prepare materials

To make the simplest magnetic motor with your own hands, you will need the following materials at hand:

1.5 volt battery;
working holder with contacts for a finger battery (as in the photo below);
small magnet;
a piece of enameled copper wire, 1 mm in diameter (no more than 80 cm will be required for assembly);
30 cm of bare wire, 1 mm in diameter.

Having prepared all the necessary materials, you can proceed to the assembly of a perpetual electric motor. Making a small electric motor at home is not difficult, as you will see now!

Step 2 - Putting together a homemade

So, in order for the instruction to be understandable for you, it is better to consider it step by step with pictures that will help you visually understand the principle of operation of a mini electric motor.

We immediately draw your attention to the fact that you can invent the design of a home-made small engine in your own way. For example, below we will provide you with a few video tutorials that may help you make your own version of the engine from a battery, copper wire and a magnet.

What to do if homemade does not work?

If suddenly you have assembled a perpetual electric motor with your own hands, but it does not rotate, do not rush to get upset. The most common reason for the lack of rotation of the motor is too much distance between the magnet and the coil. In this case, you only need to trim the legs a little, on which the rotating part rests.

That's the whole technology of assembling a home-made magnetic electric motor at home. If you watched the video tutorials, then you probably made sure that you can make an engine out of a battery, copper wire and a magnet with your own hands. different ways. We hope that the instruction was interesting and useful for you!

It will be useful to know:

autofluids.ru

Features and benefits of the device

In the name "electric motor" lies the essence of the device that it denotes. An electric motor for boats means a unit that sets in motion a swimming facility due to the movement of the blades. Its action is based on physical laws. A feature of electric motors is the resource that they consume to perform their functions.

Today, fuel-powered boat engines are common all over the world. An electric motor for a boat, unlike similar units, works by consuming electricity, not gasoline. There is a widespread opinion among some boat owners about the low efficiency of such devices. However, it is erroneous. When properly designed, the electric motor is capable of providing enough thrust to propel the craft through the water at normal speed.

Besides, homemade engine has a number of advantages, for example:

The final cost of creating such a device will be significantly lower than the market value of factory gasoline engines and electric motors.
The legislation in force in the country that protects nature strictly regulates the use of electric motors for boats. These rules do not apply to homemade units.
The device works without making any noise. This feature will be especially useful for fishermen, because any loud noises can frighten off a potential catch.
Electricity is cheaper than fuel materials. In addition, devices equipped with internal combustion engines consume incomparably more resources than self-made electric motors.
The owner of the boat has the opportunity to independently choose the power of the unit suitable for him. The basis of a homemade motor is a drill or other devices. The characteristics of the future engine depend on their power. Which device the master chooses, these will be the indicators of the electric motor.

Creating a homemade electric motor is quite simple. Just follow the instructions exactly. However, you will need certain materials and tools. There shouldn't be any problems accessing them. Most of necessary tools already available to any owner. All materials can be found in free sale at retail outlets. It is easy to find the drawings necessary for the work.

Materials and tools

When selecting equipment, you need to pay attention to two things: power and voltage. These parameters are fundamental, and the quality of the finished electric motor depends on them. The power depends on the selected drill (in this case, this tool is taken as the basis), so first of all you need to choose this equipment.

When choosing a drill, you need to focus on its power. This indicator should exceed one hundred and fifty watts. It is not worth taking a tool with lesser characteristics. In this case, the finished device will not work effectively in moving water (that is, it will not work to swim with such a unit along the river). It is best to use a cordless hammer drill.

The puncher is equipped with a reverse, has several modes of operation. This circumstance is important for the motor that will move the craft, since it will allow in the future to control the speed of the electric motor.

The second important parameter is voltage. Eighteen volt batteries should not be used. They are hard to find and are expensive. The best choice would be a drill that runs on ten or twelve volts. Such a battery is relatively cheaper, and, most importantly, it is much easier to find it on sale.

After choosing the optimal equipment, you can collect materials. To create an engine, you must first acquire:

An electric drill that will act as a motor.
Clamps with which the drill will be attached.
Reducer. You can use an element from a grinder if you plan to install the motor on the transom of the boat.
Round tubes with a diameter of twenty millimeters.
Profiled pipes (20 * 20 millimeters).
Round metal rod. It will be used to create the motor shaft.
The sheet metal from which the screws will be made.

You will also need some tools:

scissors for cutting metal;
apparatus for welding;
Bulgarian;
electric drill with a set of drills;
self-tapping screws with a screwdriver, if wood is used to create the motor.

After all the elements have been assembled, you can begin to create a boat electric motor with your own hands. The whole procedure consists of several stages. Work should begin with the creation of a lifting mechanism for the impeller. In order for the future device to work properly, it is recommended that you carefully follow the instructions provided below.

Creation of an electric motor

As mentioned earlier, it is necessary to start making an electric motor with your own hands from creating a lifting mechanism for the impeller. It will allow you to raise this element above the water. To create it, it is necessary to weld a metal tube to pre-prepared clamps.

On this tube, you must first attach the base (a frame that looks like a pyramid, directed by a smaller base in the direction of the water). A bed is attached to a large base, another tube is welded to the lower edge. A bearing is installed on the frame. Through it and the tube welded from below, it is necessary to pass the shaft.

A tube or wire can be used as a shaft. However, the first option is better:

firstly, it will be possible to attach bearings to the tube (at both ends), which will reduce the friction force;
secondly, it is desirable that this shaft be thin, but strong. In the case of wire, you will have to use a large diameter product.

After all the steps are completed, you can proceed to the next step. The next step is to install the gearbox and propellers.

Reducer/propeller

Gearboxes are recommended to be attached to the sides of the shaft. It is advisable to first create them yourself, focusing on the parameters of the electric motor. However this process can take a very long time. Therefore, you can buy a device or use gearboxes installed on a grinder.

Depending on the specific engine, one or two gearboxes may be needed. When choosing a device, it is necessary to focus on one basic rule - it is desirable that the transmitting number be small. It is optimal if the gearbox is able to lower the speed by 5 times. This will ensure the normal course of the watercraft.

The lower gearbox is required for horizontal mounting of the propeller. If a gearbox is used from a tool such as a grinder, it will be enough to clamp it in a drill chuck. As a propeller, you can also use elements of other devices. If there is none, you can make a homemade screw. For this you need:

Cut out a square (the length of one side is thirty centimeters).
Drill a hole in its center.
Make slits diagonally (the distance between the slits must be at least five centimeters).
The resulting blades must be given a rounded appearance. It is important that the size of the blades is the same, otherwise third-party vibrations may occur.

You can fix the propeller on the shaft with a bolt and nut. It was for this that a hole was made in the center of the metal sheet.

Latest improvements

Next, you need to connect the gearbox to the motor, that is, to the drill. This is easy to do - just clamp the gearbox in the drill chuck, as mentioned earlier. If the base does not match the size of the drill, an additional tube must be used.

The tube must be tightly put on the shaft. So that the latter does not rotate in it, a reliable fixation is needed. It can be provided by making a through hole in the tube and shaft. Next, both elements must be fixed with a hairpin. This fixation will prevent rotational movements of the shaft.

After the device is ready, the homemade outboard electric motor must be checked. It is enough to fill the bath with water and start the electric motor in it. If the pressure is felt by hand, the engine is running normally. You can attach it to the vessel and carry out the test in the pond.

Motor control and other design options for its creation

Although the electric motor is ready, it is not yet capable of making turns. In order not to turn with the help of oars, small improvements must be made to the design. It is enough to attach a bolt to the central part of the fastening, on which then put the pipe. This will make it possible to make turns by changing the position of the base and, accordingly, the electric motor.

Another handle can be welded to the base by bringing a regulator to it, which is responsible for supplying current to the motor. It would be advisable to use a rheostat. However, in this case, you will have to slightly change the drill itself by connecting the motor located in its case to a rheostat. This will create a more functional design.

Screwdriver as a motor

There are several ways to make an electric motor. A screwdriver can be used instead of a drill. By design, it almost does not differ from a device with a drill. hallmark product is a lower cost of its maintenance. So, one twelve-volt battery will be enough for a six-hour operation of the device. However, you will have to sacrifice the speed of movement due to less power.

Large pitch propellers can be used to make the boat move faster. In addition, as in the previous case, a screwdriver-based electric motor can be equipped with handles that make it easier to control.

trimer electric motor

Perfect for this purpose and trimer. The process of creating a motor when using this device will be greatly facilitated. The only thing that the master will need to do is shorten the length of the device and attach a screw to it. There is no need to mount the gearbox.

There is also no need to modify the control and the system responsible for powering the motor. The only difficulty that may be encountered on the way is the problem of attaching the device to the boat. Especially for inflatables. But it is also resolvable.

As an electric motor, you can use units that operate windscreen washers, or a simple electric motor. In the latter case, power supply difficulties may arise, since standard motors operate at the expense of an alternating voltage of two hundred and twenty volts. The problem is solved by installing an inverter.

Thus, the owner of the boat can create an electric motor for the boat with his own hands. You don't need any special skills for this. Should only be purchased necessary materials and prepare some tools. It is recommended to use a drill with a power of more than one hundred and fifty watts as a motor. Such an indicator will allow you to move on a boat both with standing water and along the river.
In addition to a drill, you can use a trimmer or a conventional electric motor. Another option is an electric motor based on a screwdriver. Such a device is cheaper to maintain, however, there may be problems with the speed of movement of the floating craft.