How to properly prime walls before painting. Primer for walls for painting: features of choice, types and reviews. Universal primers for painting with water-based paint

Primers are designed to increase the adhesion (adhesion) of the decorative finish to the surface for more durable fastening. In addition, priming reduces the absorbency of the wall, which reduces paint consumption. Further in the article are examples of the phased work on the priming of different surfaces.

Priming walls before painting

The priming process precedes and is important preparatory stage for wall decoration.

The solution is designed to protect, strengthen and level the surface, as well as improve the subsequent adhesion of finishing materials.

In addition, a special primer mixture can provide protection against mold or mildew.

What is a primer

Primer - the process of applying a special composition to the walls, performed before the start of finishing work. Priming walls for painting, wallpaper, decorative plaster, ceramic tiles.

Do I need to prime before painting?

The primer can be carried out with various compositions: paint, ready-made primer or concentrate, which is diluted according to the instructions. Also, the solutions are marked with respect to the surface to which they will be applied (wood, metal, plaster).

water emulsion

- not the cheapest finishing material, so pre-priming the walls will significantly save on paint consumption.

The primer applied under the water-based paint reduces the hygroscopicity of the base, which leads to a more uniform distribution of the paint on the surface, increased coating strength, and increased wear time.

The primer for the water-based emulsion is applied with a brush, preferably in one layer, which should ideally cover all the irregularities of the wall, but at the same time not form uneven accumulations of soil. After complete drying of the primer composition, which takes 5-7 hours, water-based paint is applied in two layers.

silicate

Silicate paints are sold in dry form, for coloring the mixture must be diluted with water and used as soon as possible until the paint has lost its properties. Therefore, a silicate-based pre-primer has great importance for speed and quality of painting.

Special primers reduce the toxicity of the alkali contained in silicate paints and strengthen mineral surfaces to extend the life of the paint up to 10-15 years.

Acrylic

Priming before acrylic painting has an important feature: the composition must be applied to highly abrasive surfaces, it will gradually slip from smooth surfaces even with paint.

Therefore, before applying the primer, the surface of the wall must be treated with a stiff brush or coarse sandpaper in order to artificially create grooves and roughness.

In turn, the primer perfectly fixes the coating particles, leveling the adhesion and absorbency of the wall, which allows the acrylic paint to lay down in a uniform and durable layer.

Oily

Oil paint is one of the most highly adhesive, even without a primer coat. Priming increases the strength of the oil coating, making it smoother and less porous. However, often applied without a primer composition, it itself acts as an unsurpassed material for finishing work, as it adheres well to the surface.

On initial application oil paint the use of a primer solution is optional. With a secondary one, it is worth making a choice in favor of a special composition “on top of the paint”, which will save the time required to remove the old layer.

What to prime: popular options for primers for different surfaces

Priming compositions differ in the type of surface for which they are intended:

• For wood and metal. Alkyd and aluminum primers are used, which have anti-corrosion properties and provide strong adhesion of the finish to the base.
• For concrete. Epoxy primers are best suited, resistant to cracks and chips due to their high resin content. Used for subsequent painting, laying tiles, linoleum flooring.
• For brick. It is worth choosing a silicate primer, as it is the most resistant to natural influences and is suitable for processing facades, balconies or bathrooms.
• For polyvinyl acetate paint. The primer of the same name has a narrow specialization, allowing the paint to dry faster and better adhere to the surface.

A universal primer made on an acrylic base can strengthen and protect surfaces made of wood, concrete, ceramics, plaster and putty.

How to prime

The priming process can be divided into preparatory and main stages:

1. When preparing, it is necessary to grind the surface, remove dust, dirt, mold from it. If necessary, dictated by the instructions for the primer composition, the wall must be degreased: for this, acetone or similar solvents are used. During preparatory work, it is important to maintain proper ventilation of the room and temperature regime within 5-25°C.
2. The main stage of priming is to dilute the required amount of the composition and apply it to the walls.

How many times

The primer is usually applied in two layers, the first of which is thicker, and the second is necessary to better strengthen the surface. It is important to dry each layer of primer for the time recommended on the package (usually several hours).

How to prime

Depending on the porosity of the wall, it can be primed with a brush or roller.

Each method has its own advantages.

The brush allows you to work through non-plastered surfaces, while the roller gives a uniform, streak-free layer, which consumes less soil.

How long can you paint

The minimum drying time for the primer must be found in the instructions for the specific composition, it usually ranges from 4 hours.

If the repair work allows, then it will not be superfluous to let the primer soak during the day.

In addition, if the primer composition was applied to plaster or putty, then subsequent painting should be carried out only after all layers of the finish have completely dried.

Drying of the primer can be slowed down by open containers filled with water in the room, so it is better to remove buckets of water, remnants of diluted soil and other liquids from the room.

Is it possible to paint without a primer

When can

When not to

• A primer is necessary when wallpapering for reliable adhesion to the walls.
• When using drywall in the finish. The sheets are coated twice: immediately after installation, and after the paint has dried for better fixing.
• When repainting an old layer of paint with a new color. In this case, the primer allows you to neutralize the translucence of the old finish.

The basis of the qualitative result of finishing work is the use of funds from one manufacturer. This helps to avoid unpredictable chemical reactions. different formulations. In addition, the product lines of one company are designed for cumulative use, which allows you to get the planned shade and structure of the coating.

It is obligatory to observe the principle of a stronger base in relation to the applied paint coating. This means that the primer layer should take over the functions of leveling and adhesion to the wall, and the selected paint will only have a decorative function.

Often, beginners who cannot determine whether a primer is needed in principle turn to professional help. To identify the need to use primers, professionals conduct a very simple test - you need to rub the wall with your finger: if a trace remains, then you cannot do without a primer before painting.

The primer of any surface is a stage that works to facilitate the progress of further finishing work. Modern primer compositions are able to strengthen the wall, protect it from destruction, cracks, chips, rust. After applying the primer, the paint layer is much better distributed, which reduces the consumption of the paint coating.

Useful video

Peeling wallpaper, cracked paint or plaster, peeling tiles - these are all problems that those who decide to save money and refuse to prime the walls can face. The procedure for applying the primer will not take much time and will not hit your pocket, but it will provide better adhesion to the wall surface, and in some cases even save the consumption of materials for the finish coat. Not so long ago, the primer mixture was prepared by diluting the glue with water, but now there are many ready-made products on sale that allow you to choose the optimal composition for any type of surface, finishing material and room conditions, such as Knauf primers. We will determine which primer to choose for the walls in each case, and how not to make a mistake when buying.

No. 1. What is a primer for?

This question is asked by everyone who is engaged in repairs, doubting that the soil is generally necessary. So what is the primer for and what does it consist of? The composition of primer mixtures includes film-forming polymeric materials (resins, oils, adhesives), pigments, drying accelerators and various additives to impart the necessary qualities. Primers do not have decorative properties, they are used under, but if necessary, they can be tinted to simplify the process of applying the cladding.

Primers are produced in the form of compositions or powders ready for application to the wall, which must be prepared according to the instructions. The composition can vary greatly depending on the surface for which the primer is intended, and what conditions will be in the room where it is used. Regardless of composition primer functions remain unchanged:

Manufacturers today offer a huge variety of compositions that can confuse an unprepared person and make them buy from hopelessness not quite suitable material. To determine which primer is better to choose, you should clearly understand what surface will the product be applied to?, consider room features and type of future finishing material. On sale you can find special compounds for metal, wood, or for places with high humidity. It is worth paying attention to the information indicated by the manufacturer, but it is better when you can double-check it, knowing the features of a particular composition, so you should study the properties of the main types of primers before buying.

No. 2. Types of primers for walls by composition

Depending on the characteristics of the composition, there are such main types of primers:

• acrylic primer- most universal composition, which can cover wood, chipboard, brick, old and fresh. Acrylic primer can be used on porous substrates, it is odorless, dries quickly (about 5 hours), forms a "breathing" surface. The only negative is that it is not suitable for priming metal surfaces;
• alkyd primer – perfect option for processing wooden surfaces, which, under the action of such a primer, acquire a slightly swollen structure, due to which an excellent adhesion with any finishing materials: from wallpaper and painting to cement-sand coatings. One layer of such a primer dries for about 15 hours. Substances that prevent the development of corrosion and the appearance of mold can be added to the composition;
• glyptal primer- one of the few compounds that can be processed metal surfaces. It is also sometimes used for application to. The primer dries out during the day, but it has a limitation - it is suitable only for relatively dry rooms, since it loses its properties under constant exposure to high humidity;
• perchlorovinyl primer- a universal composition that can process wood, brick, plaster and even metal. It dries quickly, and in summer at high temperatures one layer dries in 1 hour. Inside residential premises, this primer is not used due to its toxicity, but for external works she can come;
  
• polyvinyl acetate primer consists of a polyvinyl acetate dispersion and latex, can be applied to any surface and is used only as a base under polyvinyl acetate paint. Dries quickly, up to 30 minutes;
• phenolic primer used as the first layer in the processing of metal and wooden structures. The composition dries up to 15 hours, it is used for holding only;
• polystyrene primer also cannot be used for interior work, it processes plastered and wooden surfaces;
• aluminum plasters, as a rule, are used to treat wooden surfaces and allow you to additionally protect them from fungal attack;
• epoxy primers suitable for metal and concrete processing. They protect metal from corrosion, and allow concrete to better adhere to the finish;
  
• shellac primers used to treat wooden surfaces and prevent the release of resins;
• mineral primers produced on the basis of gypsum, lime and used for surface treatment of concrete and brick walls. Such a primer dries from 3 to 24 hours, which depends on the thickness of the layer and the nature of the surface material.

You can also find on sale universal primers. The very name of these compounds suggests that they can be used for application to any surface. They are used to perform small construction and repair work when the right composition with specific qualities was not at hand, and also sometimes for surface treatment, consisting of different materials.

No. 3. Properties and purpose of the primer

Depending on the room in which the primer will be used, compositions with specific properties can be chosen for surface treatment:

• - an option for loose and insufficiently strong surfaces. The composition is able to perfectly strengthen such a wall and significantly reduce paint consumption. Often such compounds are used to impregnate a surface finished with plaster, but this does not prevent the use of a primer for application to drywall, brick, and. If necessary durable wallpaper primer, especially for their heavy types, then you can safely opt for such compositions. It is not recommended to use a deep penetration primer on surfaces with poor ability to absorb moisture;
  
• antiseptic primer for wet areas(bathroom and kitchen) contains special substances that prevent the appearance and development of fungus, has water-repellent properties and can even reduce the ability to ignite the base. Such compounds provide such high adhesion that the surface of the material and the finish adhere very strongly, and no microorganisms can infiltrate into the joint. In the bathroom, it is recommended to apply a primer in three layers;
• anti-corrosion compounds indispensable in the processing of metal surfaces, prevent the formation of rust, increase the service life;
• adhesives and non-contact primers used when it is important to achieve the maximum level of adhesion with a smooth and completely non-absorbent surface (concrete, previously painted walls). They include sand or acicular quartz particles that increase adhesion. Such primers can be used to treat the base before.
  

Manufacturers must indicate on the packaging what type of surface the primer is intended for, where it is recommended to use it, and what the approximate material consumption will be at different types surfaces. When choosing a primer, experts advise paying attention to the products of those manufacturers whose finishing materials you use - as a rule, the products of one company go well together.

No. 4. The best primer manufacturers

It is unlikely that one can argue with the fact that the primer from a large eminent manufacturer is of high quality. Buying a composition from a little-known company is always a risk: maybe you are lucky and the material will meet your expectations, or maybe it will not have the declared properties or, worse, ruin the surface. If you don’t want to risk the quality of repairs, it’s better to go straight to the shelves with products in the store well-known manufacturers of primers:

• Ceresit- a leader in the production of building mixtures, has existed for more than 100 years and always relies on advanced technologies, quality control and product range expansion. Due to the fact that today the company's plants are also located in Russia, the cost of products has been reduced without loss of quality. The range includes a primer and primer-concentrate of deep penetration, a primer for absorbent mineral substrates, a primer for decorative plaster and a non-contact primer for processing smooth substrates;
  
• Knauf – German company, exists since the 30s, has been presented on the domestic market since 1993. Here they pay great attention to innovation, continuous improvement and the introduction of integrated solutions for repair work. The range is represented by deep penetration primers, universal compounds for absorbent substrates, primers for cement plaster;
• Tikkurila is a Finnish company that has been operating since 1862. Factories are located in 7 countries of the world, they produce paints and other finishing and Construction Materials. Primers are represented by acrylic compositions, universal, moisture-proof and adhesive compositions;
  
• Caparol is a brand known all over the world. The history of the company began in 1885 in Germany, and today its products are used in hundreds of countries. It produces primers for indoor and outdoor use, incl. frost-resistant and antiseptic compounds;
• Weber- a company that is now part of the Saint-Gobain group and produces building mixtures under the Vetonit trademark. The range includes primers for exterior and interior work, if necessary, they can be tinted;
• IVSIL- a domestic company operating since 1997, has been constantly developing and today has grown into a major manufacturer of building mixtures. Produces a universal primer and a deep penetration primer;
• "Prospectors" is a domestic company founded in 1992. At first, only putties were produced here, then they began to establish the production of other mortars and mixtures, improved formulations, purchased raw materials from leading manufacturers, introduced innovations, and now it is one of the largest Russian manufacturers of primers. The assortment has universal formulations, primers for highly absorbent surfaces, and concrete-contact primer.
  

No. 5. How to apply a primer?

The process of applying a primer is no more difficult than. Experts recommend treating the wall with a primer not only for finishing material, but also before it (application of plaster or). Before applying the primer under the facing layer, it is necessary to make sure that the surface is even, smooth and free from noticeable defects.

For work, you need the selected primer, bath and tools for applying the composition: for processing hard-to-reach places. Some use a spray gun, but its use is not always justified. The consumption of the composition depends on many factors and averages 100-200 ml per 1 m 2. The main surface is treated with a roller, corners and the most difficult places are primed with a brush. When the first layer is dry, they start applying the second one, if necessary (when the wall structure is fragile). After the primer has completely dried, you can proceed to the finishing work.

Modern renovation trends are increasingly leaning towards wall painting as an alternative to wallpaper. Smooth and beautiful surfaces look incredibly stylish.

To achieve this result, before painting, you need to properly prepare the walls. An obligatory and very important stage is the treatment with a primer. It creates a thin film on the surface, which will ensure the uniformity of further staining. However, this process has its own characteristics, and if you are doing repairs yourself, be sure to study the rules for priming the walls before painting.

How to choose the right primer

On the market today you can find many types of priming mixtures that differ in their properties. According to the purpose of the primer for painting are as follows:

First you need to choose the right material for the upcoming work. Attention should be paid to the price, manufacturer and technical properties material. The greater the level of absorption into the base will have a soil composition, the more effective it will be.

The most popular today is the acrylic type primer. It is considered universal and is used for internal and external work. If you have problems with the choice of soil material, then it is better not to risk it and opt for it.

Why treat walls

If you are doing repairs for the first time, you may have a question whether it is necessary to prime the walls before painting and why. In no case should this stage of finishing be skipped.

The primer before painting makes it possible to create a strong and reliable base for applying the coloring composition. This procedure makes the surface more durable, penetrating deep into its structure and forming a thin film on it, which provides the base with uniform moisture absorption. All this will eventually allow you to effectively paint the walls without any defects.

Construction products stores also sell antiseptic primers. Such compounds are designed to protect surfaces from the formation of fungus and mold due to dampness. Mold often occurs on puttied surfaces, because putty compositions do not allow wall structures to "breathe" and prevent excess moisture from being removed to the outside. Therefore, when a fungal plaque forms on the wall, it must first be treated with a special primer mixture of antifungal action, then dried and only then painted.

What happens if you refuse to prime the walls? At first sight, there is no difference between painted surfaces with and without primer. However, painting walls without a primer uses about 20 percent more paint.

It may also be difficult to repaint the walls. Paint applied to an unprimed substrate will have very poor adhesion to the surface. After applying a new paint layer, it will lag behind the finishing putty mixture in some places, and these areas will have to be processed again.

Mixing technique

In order to qualitatively produce a primer for walls for painting, it is recommended to seek help from experienced professionals, since priming is a rather difficult and lengthy process. However, if you want to do all the work yourself, then you must follow the following procedure:

When priming wall surfaces, you must follow safety rules. Wear gloves, goggles and a respirator for protection. In addition, work must be done in a room with good ventilation. The air temperature should not be less than 4-6 and not more than 24 degrees.

Treating the walls with a soil mixture before painting them is a mandatory process that provides the base with a low degree of hygroscopicity. It allows you to increase the decorative properties and service life of the coating.

Surface priming is an operation that precedes painting. The primer prepares the base for the subsequent application of finishing materials, protecting and strengthening it, improving adhesion.

Primer tasks:

• improved adhesion of the paint to the surface,
• foundation reinforcement,
• leveling or reduction of absorbent properties,
• binding non-adjacent parts of the base,
• reduced consumption and uniform paint application,
• protection against mold and mildew.

For priming, paints and special primers are used. Most often they are produced in relation to a specific material, for example, wood, plastered walls, metal. There are also preparations and paints for general use. The primer may be ready-to-use or in the form of a concentrate that must be diluted in certain proportions.

2 Tools

To work, you will need the following tools and Additional materials:

3 Priming of walls inside the house and facades

When painting walls, the rule is obligatory - the base must always be stronger than the paint coating applied to it. Primer preparations are mainly applied to plaster or adhesive paint coatings. Their task is to bind numerous particles of dried paint or plaster mass, which improves the adhesion of paints and makes the base more uniform. They also reduce its absorbent properties, so that less paint is consumed during painting (usually only one coat of paint is enough after a primer). In rooms where high humidity air, a water-repellent barrier is created on the surface of the wall. Primers can also be applied to drywall boards and bare exterior walls.

It is better to prime the walls at temperatures above +5 °C.

ATTENTION:
Fresh plaster can be primed only after 3-4 weeks.

The primer should be thoroughly mixed and thinned if necessary. special means recommended by the manufacturer for this purpose.

ADVICE:

If you are not sure which product to choose - a special paint or a primer, conduct a simple experiment. Rub the wall with your finger. If after that a dirty mark remains, then this means that the wall must be primed before painting.

Facades are primed in the same way. It must be remembered that the work must be carried out on dry and not heated by the sun surfaces.

4 Primers for walls

Drugs are available on the market that perform several functions at the same time and are used in any climatic conditions. Their choice depends on the condition of the base and on the type of paint that will be used to paint the surface.

The most popular and at the same time universal are:

- primer-strengthening impregnations- most often these are aqueous dispersions of acrylic resin with additional substances. They strengthen the base and protect from moisture, while at the same time forming a vapor-permeable film. In addition to improving the adhesion of exterior paints, they also prevent spots on painted walls where discoloration can occur. Such impregnations are used for priming walls inside the house. They are used on gypsum boards, gypsum, cement-lime and lime plasters;

- primer acrylic and latex paints- Can be used for both indoor and outdoor use. Deeply absorbed into the wall and strengthens the surface. They are used as a primer for decorative emulsion and acrylic paints;

- solvent-based primer paints- these are products that are deeply absorbed into the surface, water-repellent, but highly flammable. Binds particles of plaster and dust on the surface of the walls. They do not retain water vapor absorbed and evaporated by the walls. Suitable for both indoor and outdoor work. They are used not only for priming plaster and painted surfaces, but also for wood and asbestos-cement slabs;

- primer acrylic varnishes- penetrate deep into the wall and have a high degree of water resistance. Binds dust particles on the wall surface and improves paint adhesion. Are applied to a primer of external walls;

- water silicate primers– designed for priming external lime, cement-lime plasters, sand-lime bricks and concrete. They can also prime old lime, cement-lime and silicate paints. Deeply absorbed into the pores without creating a mineralized coating on the surface;

- epoxy paints- most often two-component. The contents of both packages must be mixed before use. Dissolve in water. Are applied to a primer of concrete surfaces in rooms.

ATTENTION!
Do not mix drugs from different manufacturers. Despite the same purpose, they often differ in chemical composition. Mixing can lead to deterioration of properties, and even to their change.

5 Knotting

Wood is primed mainly to protect it from moisture and reduce its absorbency. Primers are absorbed into the pores of the wood, seal them and prevent the destruction of the decorative layer in case of deformation and expansion of the wood. Some preparations lighten the wood, which is of particular importance before varnishing old or previously repeatedly painted wooden surfaces.

Before painting wood, especially fresh wood, it is necessary to treat the knots and cover its surface with a primer.

Knot processing Use a spatula to remove the resin from the knots. If after this the resin still appears, the knots should be heated with a heat gun and re-collect the leaked resin with a spatula.
The surface must be carefully sanded with sandpaper. The dust formed after grinding is best wiped off with a cloth soaked in solvent.
Cover the knots with a special insulating preparation or shellac, which will trap the resin flowing from them.
Coating with primers Wood must be dry, smooth and clean before processing. It should not be greasy stains and smudges of resin. Oil from the tree can be removed with a nitro thinner or extraction gasoline. The primer should be thoroughly mixed. If it is drying oil, then the first layer should be applied after diluting with extraction gasoline in a ratio of 1: 1.
The primer is applied with a brush. After treatment, the surface can be covered with paint the next day.

Primers for wood:

- drying oil- water-repellent drug, penetrates deep into the tree. It can be used for both indoor and outdoor work;

- acrylic primers- diluted with water, make the color of the base uniform. They are used before applying paints, stains, impregnations or before varnishing;

- alkyd primers- used for priming wood before painting it with latex or alkyd-oil paints;

- styrene primers- creates a film on the tree that improves the adhesion of exterior paints, and at the same time protects the tree from decay. Can be applied to external and internal works. They are an excellent base for alkyd and phthalic enamels;

- nitrocellulose primers- serve for applying a primer layer under floor varnishes. They protect the parquet from darkening thanks to the substances contained in the varnishes for outdoor use;

- oil phthalic primers- can be used not only for priming wood and wood materials, but also for metal and walls. Improve the adhesion of paints. They are applied to a tree previously treated with a primer, for example, drying oil.

6 Metal primer

The primer for metals is designed to protect them from corrosion, as well as to bind small contaminants deposited on the surface. The primer also provides more economical consumption of paint applied to the surface. Anti-corrosion and priming paints are used for metal priming.

	Before priming, the metal surface must be cleaned of rust, dust and grease. For degreasing, for example, a detergent, solvent or ethyl trichloride can be used.
	If there is old paint on the surface, it should be matted (scratched) with sandpaper or a special surface preparation. If the old paint is in poor condition, it must be removed with an iron brush, an electric heat gun or a special preparation for removing old paint coatings.
	The primer should be stirred and thinned if necessary. It is applied with a brush or a spray bottle. The number of layers is determined by the manufacturer. Each subsequent layer should be applied after 2-4 hours. The next day you can apply paint. If painting is done using nitrocellulose paints, then a minimum of 72 hours must elapse after applying the primer.

ATTENTION!
Some top coat paints have properties that do not require a primer on the base.

Priming preparations for METAL:

- priming alkyd enamels- their purpose is to protect the metal from rust and, consequently, from damage to the paintwork. Are applied as primers under paints for drawing on external surfaces. Often, they do not require very thorough removal of rust from the metal surface;

- priming polyvinyl-acrylic paints– designed for priming galvanized or aluminum surfaces. They have anti-corrosion properties. They can be used to paint surfaces covered with a small amount rust;

- primer vinyl and polyvinyl paints- have anti-corrosion properties and improve the adhesion of exterior paints. Used on steel and cast iron;

- primer nitrocellulose paints- do not have anti-corrosion properties, but only improve the adhesion of exterior paints. Therefore, before application, the metal must first be coated with anti-corrosion paint. If it is aluminum or galvanized metal, then such enamels are applied as a layer that binds the oxidizing particles of these metals. Designed for subsequent staining with external nitroglycerin paints;

- priming anti-corrosion paints based on phthalic resins- are used as primers under phthalic, modified, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl or chlorinated rubber enamels. Protect against corrosion and improve the adhesion of external paints;

- primer acrylic paints- designed for priming metals with weak adhesion - zinc, aluminum. They do not have an anti-corrosion effect, but only improve the adhesion of external paints;

- priming chlorinated rubber paints- used on steel and cast iron. These primers protect against adverse weather conditions and rust. Used under chlorinated rubber and alkyd enamels;

- rust stabilizer- a novelty among primer paints for metal - has a deep penetrating effect. Can be applied directly on rust, isolates and stabilizes rust-damaged metal surfaces. It can be mixed with alkyd (glycero-phthalic) paints, varnishes or solvent-based lacquers, increasing their anti-corrosion properties.

7 Primer for glass and plastics

The primer of glass and plastics is intended to provide a better adhesion of external paints. Primer preparations are applied in the same way as previously described materials.

Primers for glass and plastics:

- alkyd-based primer paints- are used for applying a primer coating on glass, tile ceramic tiles, plastic and metal;

- two-component epoxy primers– provide external paints with excellent adhesion to slippery surfaces of glass, ceramics and plastics.

Primer consumption per 1 m2 of wall is the basic parameter of material distribution when processing the working surface. How much primer is required is determined according to the criteria for their purpose and the type of surface being treated: for metals, for wooden surfaces, universal, special. Each of these types is manufactured in accordance with GOST, in which each type requires a certain texture of color, primer density, its viscosity, and drying time. The indicated parameters determine the proportion of the calculation of the considered material.

There are no reference proportions of soil consumption per 1 m2 as such. There are several factors that invariably affect flow rates:

• structure and type of surface to be treated (wood, metal, concrete, granite, etc.);
• temperature environment and the level of air humidity;
• the chemical composition of the primer.

Below we will consider a calculation that, we hope, will help you determine the approximate primer consumption per 1m2:

Concrete contact	350 g/m2	It has a high level of adhesion (adhesion), intended for processing a dense surface with low absorbent (absorbent) properties. It is used before covering the work surface with tiles or plaster.
Alkyd primer	120 g/m2	For processing drywall, as well as wooden surfaces, chipboard (chipboard), fiberboard (DFP).
Water-dispersed	100 g/m2	Used to prepare working surfaces for painting.
For decorative plaster	200 g/m2	When finishing work before plastering.
Specialist. primer before wallpapering	120 g/m2	No
Universal for metal and wood processing	120 g/m2	Used to prepare the surface for enamelling.
Universal type "Optimist"	130-250 ml/m2	This is a mixture of several types of specialized primers. Well suited for both metal surfaces, and for wood or concrete-stone. In the instructions for use, as a rule, they write the proportions for each type of processed base.
Anticorrosive / Primer VL-02	10 g/m2 / 120 g/m2	Essential before painting surfaces made of ferrous metals (iron, cast iron, steel).

The above norms are not clear standards, but rather indicative. In most cases, the true consumption depends on the level of damage to the processed material. For example, several layers of a primer composition are laid when the surrounding climatic environment quickly affects the deformation and damage to the treated surface.

Proportions for deep penetration primers

This type of soil is widely used for foundations made of different materials: wooden and metal structures, brick or concrete walls, in particular well suited for materials with a porous structure. Deep penetration primers have a stronger adhesion effect (compared to the primers described above), which will provide better adhesion of the finishing material to the surface to be treated.

Approximate primer consumption per 1 m2 is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging

On porous materials (foam concrete, cinder block, chipboard, fiberboard), the deep penetration primer shows itself especially well. The processing of porous substrates is improved by reducing the required amount of adhesive, plaster and coloring material. But in comparison with primary primers, the average consumption rate of the solution is twice as high. The consumption of a deep penetration primer is 90-180 g per coat for an area of ​​m2.

About how much soil is needed per 1 m2 is always indicated by manufacturers on the packages, but you must understand for yourself that neither the norm presented on the package, nor the proportions mentioned in this article are strict constants. Actual consumption is determined by climatic conditions and the degree of damage to the treated surface (walls, ceiling, floor, etc.).

Consumption proportions of the acrylic composition

Acrylic primer is sold in stores in two forms: ready-made liquid mixture and powder. If your choice fell on the powder, then you should know that a significant amount of water is needed to prepare the powder substrate. As a rule, manufacturers indicate on the packaging how much water is needed to prepare the mixture.

The finished solution is used for finishing interior spaces, but not black, since the acrylic primer itself has a characteristic whitewash structure, and if it gets on a dark surface, it leaves stains.

The primer in question is used to prepare the working area (wall or ceiling - it doesn’t matter) for plastering, puttying or wallpapering. In addition, acrylic primer is excellent for surface finishing prior to painting. acrylic paints. Approximately 130-150 grams of soil is consumed per 1 m2 of working area, depending on the characteristics of the surface.

Summing up, we note that no matter what type of primer mixture you choose, the determining factor in the consumption in proportion to 1 m2 will always be the objective circumstances of the finishing work. The data given in the article (as well as the proportions on the packages) will be for you only reference points that will help you determine the calculation of the required amount of the mixture.

The primer is necessary means for preparing the surface of ceilings and walls of rooms for painting, wallpapering or facing with ceramic tiles.

The liquid solution penetrates into the top layer of fences, making it dense and durable, significantly increasing the adhesion of the material. The adhesive composition and paint lingers in the surface layer of the base of walls and ceilings, without penetrating deep into.

The processing of large areas of fences requires a significant consumption of the primer composition, so it is always necessary to know the primer consumption per 1 m2 of the wall.

Primer types

The construction market offers wide range of priming compositions, which are designed to treat surfaces of various structures. Primers are of the following types:

• concretecontact;
• primer for decorative plaster;
• deep penetration liquid;
• alkyd composition;
• protective composition for facades;
• water-dispersion solution for walls;
• mortar for wood and metal;
• universal means.

Betonkontakt

This mixture has low penetration

The liquid is intended for the treatment of surfaces with low penetration.

By priming surfaces with this solution, such as monolithic concrete, achieve high adhesion of the bases.

The bases of the walls are treated with a primer mixture for plastering and before laying ceramic tiles.

Primer for decorative plaster

The composition impregnates the outer layer of brick and concrete, giving high adhesion to the wall surface. This ensures reliable adhesion of decorative plaster with brickwork and monolithic concrete.

Deep penetrating agent

The coating is also called a strengthening composition. The solution is applied to loose, shedding substrates. Thanks to his deep penetration, the composition creates a durable outer layer of the bases of the fences.

Alkyd composition

Alkyd primers are universal

The primer is used for processing chipboard, fiberboard and wooden planes.

She is also treated with plasterboard fences. Alkyd primer under the wallpaper gives the finish coat strength and durability.

Protective composition for facades

To strengthen the base of the walls of the facades, a protective primer on an alkyd basis is used. Cover the walls with this liquid in front of plastering works and coloration. The tool provides a strong adhesion of the finish coating to the walls of the facades of buildings and structures.

Water-dispersion mortar for walls

Water-dispersion solution is intended for preparing the base for painting. The product is well applied with a wide brush and with a spray gun.

Mortar for wood and metal

The solution penetrates deep into the structure of the tree. The primer mixture creates a high adhesion coating of the metal base before painting with enamels.

Universal means

The primer is universal in its properties. It covers surfaces various materials. A feature of the solution is that it is created from a mixture of several different primers.

By purchasing a primer composition in ready-made Pay attention to the expiration date of the product. If the term expires in a few days, then it is better to refuse such a purchase.

Consumption of various types of primers per 1 m2 of wall surface

Buy a little more primer than calculated

We present the consumption rates of primers in the form of a table:

It should be noted that this table represents the average consumption of primers. Actual consumption may differ slightly from the above norms.

It may be slightly larger than this data. It all depends on the condition of the base of the walls. In some cases, to achieve the desired effect, the surface is primed twice.

Knowing in advance what kind of tool will be needed, and in what volumes, you can plan the costs of its purchase. This will help you avoid unnecessary expenses. See all the nuances of priming walls in this video:

Primer application technology

The tools used to coat the treated surfaces with a primer are:

• brush;
• pile roller;
• spray.

One worker, using one brush per work shift, can treat with a primer up to 100 m2 of wall fencing area. Using a roller on a long holder, walls with high ceilings are processed.

The sprayer significantly increases productivity. For example, when priming large areas of drywall, using this device, it is possible to process all the premises of a private 2-storey house in one shift. For this priming method, only liquid primers are applicable.

Safety

When using aggressive mixtures, be sure to wear a respirator

When treating wall surfaces with protective liquids, attention should be paid to their toxicity.

Inhalation of harmful fumes can harm the respiratory system.

It can also damage the eyes of the worker. Therefore, it is necessary to use personal protection such as the:

• gauze bandage;
• respirator;
• protective glasses;
• rubber gloves. Learn more about primers in this video:

When carrying out work, along with strict adherence to the instructions, all operations must be carried out in a well-ventilated area.

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In any construction and repair of buildings, an important stage of work is the decoration of the walls. For this procedure, many different materials are used. The most common of these are tiles, siding, drywall, artificial and a natural stone, wallpaper, plaster.

Using a roller, you can apply a variety of patterns to the walls, giving the wall an unusual look.

With the advent of a new generation of paints on the construction market, which do not smell and dry quickly, wall decoration acquires its second life by painting them.

This finish has a number of advantages:

1. Complete or partial repair of the painted surface can be carried out with minimal cost funds and time.
2. Rich choice of colors.
3. The coating allows the walls to breathe.
4. When performing work, practically no dirt and debris are formed.

Disadvantages:

1. Serious initial investment of money and labor.
2. Changing the color of the walls under the influence of sunlight.
3. Painted surfaces should be protected from alkalis and acids.
4. The walls to be painted must be absolutely even, covered with high-quality plaster.

Decorating walls for painting is not as simple as it seems. Not every painter is able to perform all the work efficiently.

Technology for performing preparatory work

The wall preparation technology involves work to create a perfectly even plaster. To achieve this result, the walls for painting are first finished with drywall. In this case, you need:

Plastering tools.

1. Glue all seams and corners with paint mesh, serpentine tape.
2. Coat the caps of the self-tapping screws with a plaster composition.
3. Prime surfaces.
4. Glue them with fiberglass, the density of which is 0.25. The adhesive composition is applied to the wall, the fiberglass is glued and rolled on top with a roller with glue. On flat walls, you can not perform this stage of work.
5. Apply a layer of putty up to 3 mm thick on the fiberglass. Putty is sold in a dry and ready-to-use form. For puttying walls, the dry composition is diluted according to the instructions.
6. After drying, the wall must be sanded and a finishing, thinner layer of putty should be applied to it.
7. Finally sand the wall with fine sandpaper until a perfectly smooth surface is obtained.
8. Sanded walls for painting should be primed again to protect them from dust and peeling of the applied paint.

It is somewhat more difficult to prepare for painting walls that have an old finish. It must be removed from the wall. The tile is removed with a chisel and hammer. You can use a puncher with a spatula-shaped nozzle. To remove the remnants of old paint, it is best to use a building hair dryer. With its help, a section of the wall is heated until the moment when the paint layer begins to bubble. It is immediately removed with a spatula, knife, scraper. Then you can level, dry, prime and paint.

In the absence of a hair dryer, proceed as follows:

Scheme of painting the plastered surface.

1. You need to determine the type of old paint on the wall. To do this, rub the wall with sandpaper. Water-soluble paint will remain on the surface of the skin. Oil and alkyd based paint is shaken off. Remove paint residues with a spatula, coarse-grained sandpaper and a metal brush.

To remove oil paint, it is recommended to wash the wall with a solution of soda. Other types of paint can be removed in this way: smear the walls with wallpaper paste and stick newspapers on them. After complete drying, remove the newspapers from the wall. Usually the paint is removed with them. The paint, which has an adhesive base, is well removed with a solution of hydrochloric acid. Old wallpapers are usually removed quite easily. You can use a spatula, a special liquid for removing wallpaper, hot water.

After the complete removal of the old coating, you need to get rid of possible stains of grease, rust, mold. Fungicides are used to remove mold. Grease stains are washed off with water to which soda is added. Rust spots should be treated with a solution of copper sulphate at the rate of 100 grams of vitriol per 1 liter of hot water.

All stains have been removed. You can start fixing the errors. To do this, the walls can be covered with a layer of primer, followed by the application of plaster, you can veneer it with drywall.