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Split block. Inverter multisplit systems. Details of the indoor unit of the wall-mounted split system

The indoor unit of a split system performs the main task of an air conditioner - it cools the air in the room. Structurally includes:

housing with shutters

radiator (evaporator);

a fan with an electric motor;

· electronic control unit;

water drainage system.

Additionally, inside the case there are air filters and a container for collecting moisture.

Depending on the version, indoor units are wall-mounted or floor-mounted. As an option - universal, that is, they can be attached to the wall or installed on the floor.

A feature of modern indoor units is the antibacterial coating of the surface of the evaporator.

Advantages and Features

One of the significant advantages of split systems is their compactness. The indoor unit of the air conditioner takes up little space and fits nicely into the interior of any room.

The air conditioner can operate in cooling, dehumidifying and heating modes. Such versatility is especially useful in the cold season when the central heating does not work.

Configuration and operation of the split system is carried out using the remote control. If necessary, the air conditioner operates automatically.

Special coating protects everything from corrosion metal surfaces indoor unit.

Additional functions of the indoor unit

Each modern indoor unit of the air conditioner has additional functions:

· the accelerated mode of creation of a microclimate;

protection against icing of the evaporator;

· energy saving;

night mode of operation of the device;

settings memory;

Eternal (washable) filters.

You can buy the indoor unit of the air conditioner separately in our online store. When choosing a product, the manager will tell you in detail about all functionality and will help you choose exactly the device that will fully provide a comfortable microclimate in your room.

Today, to maintain a favorable microclimate in the premises, split systems are popular. They consist of two parts: external and internal block. The outdoor unit of the air conditioner is of key importance for the quality operation of the equipment. We will understand its device, principles of operation and features of installation and maintenance.

Equipment device

The external unit of the split system is called the compressor and condenser unit (KKB). This is key element climatic equipment that provides cooling or heating by changing the state of the refrigerant (working substance). KKB is a building that houses:

  • compressor;
  • condenser (heat exchanger);
  • expansion coils;
  • capillary tubes;
  • 4 way valve;
  • filter dryer (receiver);
  • fan.

The outdoor unit of the air conditioner is connected to the equipment in the room through a system of freon (heat-insulating copper) lines. A drainage line runs from the indoor unit to the outdoor unit.

The KKB case is made of galvanized steel.

Equipment features

A number of KKB models are equipped with a special "winter kit". It is designed to keep the instrument in good working order. winter time years at low temperatures. The winter kit works only for cooling, so it is best suited for installation in server rooms and other rooms with a high level of heat dissipation.

It includes the following elements:

  • The fan control controller turns off the ventilation and turns it on when the condenser heats up.
  • Heated drain pipe.
  • Compressor crankcase heating before start.

The general principle of operation of a split system can be described as follows: warm air, cooled air is supplied in the opposite direction, which loses temperature, passing through the air conditioner and in contact with the refrigerant.

When switching the split system mode to heating, the reverse process occurs. The outdoor unit absorbs cold air from the outside and raises the temperature to the desired level. The indoor unit delivers heated air into the room.

KKB works at the expense of physical properties refrigerant that transfers energy when the state of aggregation changes.

The outdoor unit of the air conditioner works as follows:

  1. From the container, the compressor is supplied with a working substance in a gaseous state.
  2. From the compressor high pressure The refrigerant enters the condenser, where it turns into a liquid, giving off heat.
  3. Having lost some of the energy, freon enters the highway.
  4. From the line, the working substance passes into the throttling device, where it loses pressure and cools.
  5. Cold liquid is transferred to the evaporator, where it actively circulates through the tubes.
  6. The evaporator is blown with warm supply air by means of a fan.
  7. Cold air is supplied to the room.
  8. The warm supply air heats the heat exchanger as it passes through it before it enters the room.
  9. From the heat exchanger, the refrigerant is heated, which turns into a gas.
  10. Freon, passing into a gaseous state, gives the air cold. From the heat exchanger, the gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor again, where the process is repeated.
  11. A closed cycle of work is created.

Main settings

When choosing and buying an external unit of a split system, you need to pay attention to four main characteristics:

  • Size, height, width, length.
  • Power.
  • Line length.

Dimensional dimensions of external units depend on the power and functionality of the equipment.

Average dimensional characteristics of the outdoor unit of the split system:

  • width 80 cm;
  • height 50 cm;
  • thickness 30 cm.

Models that are offered on the market may have different capacities. It all depends on the purpose of the equipment. A standard household split system has a capacity that allows you to cover a space of up to 100 square meters. m.

An important characteristic of the outdoor unit is noise. If the air conditioner in the room will work without noise, then outdoor unit can cause significant inconvenience to neighbors. When choosing a model, it is better to clarify the indicator of the noise produced during the operation of the external unit. Permissible indicator 32 dB.

You also need to pay attention to allowable length connecting lines between blocks.

Do not exceed the distance that is stated in the technical data sheet of the model, as this can lead to a serious decrease in the efficiency of the equipment.

Installing an outdoor unit involves several steps. At the first stage, the installation site is determined, equipment and tools are prepared. At the second stage, the marking and direct fixation of the equipment is performed. At the third stage, performance verification and testing activities are carried out.

Location selection

Constructions modern buildings (apartment buildings, shopping and office centers) provide for the installation of air conditioners and split systems. This moment is laid down during the design. Special boxes are mounted on the facades of buildings. They solve two key problems. First, it minimizes the likelihood that fasteners will be poorly made. Secondly, the boxes are harmoniously built into the design of the building and do not spoil its appearance.

If there are no boxes in the building, then the choice of location must be made taking into account the following factors.

General rules for choosing a place for an air conditioner:

  1. The block is mounted on the wall adjacent to the apartment. You can not fix the device on the "territory of neighbors". Before starting work, it is necessary to clarify the possibility of installing air conditioners on the facade of the building. The city authorities may issue a decree according to which such work is prohibited, because it spoils the historical or cultural appearance of the building. There may be other reasons for the ban.
  2. The optimal mounting locations are the space under the window, slightly below the window sill, and the place to the side of the window. This position will make it easier installation work and allow for easy maintenance.
  3. If it is impossible to mount the block on the facade, you can install it inside an open balcony or loggia.

Mounting tool

Before starting work, be sure to prepare a set of tools. To install an outdoor unit, you will need:

  • perforator;
  • a drill for drilling a hole in the wall through which the highway will be laid;
  • drills for making holes for fixing brackets;
  • vacuum pump, which removes moisture and air from the freon circuit;
  • gauge manifold for connecting the refrigerant cylinder to the container in the unit;
  • a set of rolls that are needed for rolling copper tubes when connected to air conditioner valves;
  • pipe cutter for cutting copper pipes;
  • pipe bender for forming bends on tubes;
  • standard set wrenches, hexagons, screwdrivers, wire cutters, level gauge.

When installing, be sure to consider the following rules:

  • Availability of income fresh air. It is impossible to mount the outdoor unit in a closed space without air access and or with its limited supply (glazed loggia). Such an error will lead to overheating and breakdown of the KKB.
  • During operation, you will periodically have to change the refrigerant. To do this, the valves must be located so that the master can freely and without risk replace them. For most models, the valve is located on the left side.
  • It is necessary to provide for competent drainage of condensate so that it does not fall on the walls, visor or sidewalk.
  • Fasteners must be mounted on supporting structures, which must be designed for a load of several tens of kilograms. You can not fix the brackets on the walls of aerated concrete, on the external decorative facing layer or on the insulation layer.
  • The distance from the wall to the unit should be at least 10 cm. This distance will allow ventilation and reduce the risk of overheating of the device. Distance from wall to inner wall unit should not be too large. It is impossible for direct sunlight to fall on the hidden wall of the block.
  • When laying connecting lines, avoid a large number bends, because they will lead to a decrease in the required refrigerant flow, this will reduce the efficiency of the air conditioner.
  • It is recommended to equip a cornice that will protect the outdoor unit of the air conditioner from direct moisture.

Mounting to the wall is carried out using special brackets, which are usually included in the package. It has the form of a profile of various sections, bent at an angle of 90 degrees. It has several holes: one for fixing to the wall, the other for mounting the unit. The bearing capacity of the brackets exceeds the weight of the air conditioner by several times, so their use will ensure safety and reliability.

Installation process

Step-by-step instructions for installing an external air conditioner unit:

  1. The location of the block on the wall, holes and channels for trunk lines are marked. The key parameters mentioned above are taken into account.
  2. Holes are made in the wall for brackets.
  3. A hole is made in the wall for communications. A box is laid in the hole, in which a freon and drainage line, electrical wiring are laid.
  4. Brackets are attached. For their fixation, anchor bolts or dowels with "capercaillie" are used. The block is mounted on the brackets. It is fixed with bolts.
  5. Strength, reliability and stability are tested.
  6. Freon tubes are chamfered and flared. Tubes are connected to the block.
  7. There are wires in the KKB. Measured them out optimal length, they are stripped and connected to the terminal block. The connection of each wire is made in accordance with electric circuit, which must be attached to the technical data sheet of the device.
  8. After installing the indoor unit, a vacuum pump is connected to the KKB, with the help of which air is dried and evacuated from the lines and internal elements of the unit.
  9. A protective box is put on.
  10. The refrigerant tank is filled with freon. A test launch of the equipment is carried out, the modes and correct operation are checked.

Breakdowns and malfunctions

Like any other device, outdoor unit the air conditioner may break down. At low temperatures in winter, the use of an air conditioner without a winter kit can lead to compressor failure. The external block under the influence of external natural factors is strongly cooled and freezes over. Under such conditions, freon cannot boil in the outdoor unit. Liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, which leads to its breakdown.

To avoid damage to the compressor from freezing of the outdoor unit, you should install a winter kit or use the device in accordance with the technical instructions: heat the room only in autumn and spring at positive temperatures outside.

Another possible view mechanical breakdowns - failure of the fan, which pumps air into the unit. The cause of premature wear of the fan may be the ingress of dirt and dust into the unit.

Malfunctions in the electronics are associated with the failure of the control and regulation boards. There may be problems with the integrity of electrical networks.

Maintenance and care

In normal operation, the outdoor unit requires a preventive maintenance inspection once every 6 months. The master inspects the fixtures, checks the integrity and level of contamination of the filters, specifies the amount of refrigerant and measures the operating pressure of the networks.

The greatest difficulty in maintenance is the replacement of the working fluid.

The refrigerant is a chemical substance that poses a health hazard, so it is worth trusting a professional craftsman to work with it. You can check the condition of the filters, remove dust and dirt yourself.

Updated: 10-04-2019

Multi-split system - great choice for offices, shops, private houses and large apartments in which there is a need for air conditioning in several rooms at once. Such climatic equipment differs from conventional wall-mounted air conditioners in that here several indoor units are connected to one external unit with an inverter compressor at the same time, separated by different rooms. This allows not to clutter up the facade of the building and maintain a comfortable microclimate throughout the facility.

Peculiarities

The advantages of multi-split air conditioning systems include the following:

  • Preservation of the aesthetics of the facade of the building
  • Ease of operation and ease of maintenance
  • Ability to use different indoor units
  • Wide range of mounting options
  • Low noise level due to the presence of only one source
  • Savings on electrical work
  • High energy efficiency
  • Application versatility

Modern inverter multi split systems can work for cooling and heating, they are reliable and functional.

What can we offer

In "Climavent" you can buy a multi-split system on excellent terms. We offer climatic equipment of the world's leading brands, we provide official guarantee, we carry out installation of any level of complexity in Moscow and the Moscow region, we deliver equipment throughout Russia. You can place an order from the catalog on the website, through a consultant or by phone. There are several reasons why you should contact the Climavent online store.

The article will not talk about all monoblock air conditioners, which, by definition, do not have outdoor units, that is, they are air conditioners without an external unit. This is a wide segment of climatic equipment (windows, rooftops, mobile and stationary monoblocks), like all air conditioners, which serves to maintain the microclimate in the room.

Advantages of a stationary monoblock air conditioner

And he has advantages:

  • The absence of an external unit on the wall of the building.
  • For their installation, you do not need to obtain permission to install an outdoor unit. Sometimes this is not possible.
  • Lack of freon lines and the need for rolling connections. With poor-quality rolling, freon leakage is possible. The dependence of the quality of installation on the qualifications of installers is excluded.
  • Simple installation, which is almost impossible to mess up.
  • Modern design. Large selection of block colors.
  • There are models with an influx of outside air. The inflow of a stationary monoblock is equipped with systems of filtration, recuperation and heating of the outside air. But the volume of supplied air is small (up to 30 m 3 / h).

Pros and cons of installation

Installation of a wall-mounted air conditioner without an external unit is really simple and does not require highly qualified installers. It is necessary to make holes in the wall according to the pattern for attaching the air conditioner plate and cut two holes with a diameter of 160 mm outward. Insert two air channels into them. Install outer grilles.

Channels, patterns and grilles are included in the package of a stationary monoblock - an air conditioner without an outdoor unit. Remarkable is the installation of gratings that does not require high-altitude work. Lattices are simply made flexible. They are gently pushed out, and then unbent, closing the hole. A special cable is tied to the air conditioner body and fixes the open grille

In the renovated premises, in order not to spoil the interior, the outer holes are cut using the technology of dry diamond drilling (the drill is not cooled by water). Water is not allowed. She will definitely ruin the finish. The cost of two such holes (depending on the thickness and material of the wall) is slightly less in relation to the cost of installing a split system. Yes, and it will not work completely cleanly. Dust will still get into the room no matter how powerful the vacuum cleaner that cleans it.

About the tightness of the wall monoblock

The freon circuit of the air conditioner without an external unit is evacuated and charged at the factory. The circuit is sealed and sealed, freon leakage is impossible. The system does not require maintenance. This is advertised as one of the benefits.

In fact, freon leakage will still occur. Freon is very volatile. It goes into any microcracks. And, if there was no factory defect, these cracks form after several years of service.

Then the air conditioner needs to be topped up. But there are no valves for refueling. In this case copper tubes cut and add freon to the circuit. The quality of this work depends on the qualifications of the specialist.

Maintenance Savings

The statement that stationary monoblocks do not require maintenance is incorrect. Maintenance does not consist only in controlling the amount of freon. It is required to clean and check the serviceability of heat exchangers and fans. Clean out the drainage system. Check temperature regime, electrical connections.

Condensate removal system (drainage system)

The condensate must be drained to the outside through the air pipe of the air conditioner without an outdoor unit. Part of the condensate evaporates. The one that has not evaporated pours out through the grate and can spoil the wall finish. This means that the process of drainage diversion cannot be considered resolved.

Here (as with a split) you need to consider a method for draining drainage and not disturbing the wall finish from the outside. That is why the air conditioner kit without an external unit contains drainage tubes, and in its design there is a hole for draining the drainage.

Quiet operation?

Noise characteristics of wall monoblocks - from 32 dB to 42 dB. For an indoor unit, this is noisy. Modern outdoor units of split systems of similar power work with such acoustic parameters. But in splits, this part is taken out into the street. Therefore, air conditioners without an external unit the lineup limited to a cooling capacity of 3.5 kW.

Noise from a model with a higher cooling capacity would not allow them to be used in domestic areas. However, the manufacturer claims that the design of the air conditioner is changing, quiet models are appearing.

The price of stationary monoblocks

How much does an air conditioner cost without an external unit. The price of equipment is still high.

Here are examples of prices for inverter models:

Models ON/OFF:

For this money you can buy some very good split systems.

It turns out that a stationary monoblock, often yielding to split systems and other types of air conditioners in terms of technical specifications, is a good compromise in the case when there is no permission to install an outdoor unit, it is impossible to mount it, or there is no way to forward a pipe line to install other equipment.