Land for begonias is suitable for cyclamen. How and when can cyclamen be transplanted? To make loose soil for cyclamen, take

The reason for the popularity of cyclamen is a marvelous type of plant with basal dark green leaves with gray-silver patterns, on top of which drooping flowers bloom on tall peduncles. The length of the petioles is 30 cm. The originality of the flower depends on what species it belongs to. Among them there are representatives with a pointed flower, curved back, with fringed petals, etc.

It differs not only appearance flower, but also its color. Breeders have bred hybrids whose flowers are snow-white, pinkish, dark red, burgundy or purple. Flowering time - up to 3.5 months. If you provide them with coolness during growth, flowering will last from mid-October to the end of March (read about when and how long flowering lasts and what to do with cyclamen after it has faded).

The Importance of the Right Substrate

Not all flower growers follow soil recommendations. They believe that the type of substrate is not important. You can take garden soil and the plant will grow. They are wrong, because its fate depends on which substrate is chosen. Soil is the main material that affects the growth and flowering of a plant planted in it.

What kind of soil is needed?

It is important to know which soil is suitable plant. Cyclamen grows well in slightly alkaline soil. Experienced flower growers argue that cyclamen is also suitable for slightly acidic and neutral soils. There is some truth in their words.

The composition of the earth mixture can be any with the only condition: when it dries, it should not dry out, and the water in it should not stagnate.

Land preparation at home

Required Ingredients

When preparing the soil mixture for cyclamen, coarse sand and perlite are added to it with a layer of 0.3-0.5 cm. Above the substrate there should be a layer of small pebbles: gravel, small pebbles, granite with a size of 0.5-1 cm.

Reference! It is not always convenient to prepare the land for cyclamen at home. Increasingly, they buy universal, special soil for cyclamen or flowering plants in a flower shop. good manufacturer– Seliger Agro.

To make loose soil for cyclamen, take:

• Store bought substrate.
• Perlite.
• Sand.
• Needles.

Before preparing the ground, treat the substrate with a solution of potassium permanganate. The solution used for processing should be pinkish. For ten liters of water add 1.5-2 grams of dry powder of potassium permanganate. Sand is subjected to preliminary preparation in addition to impregnation with potassium permanganate. It will be processed in a steam or water bath for half an hour. When adding needles, they take forest and not rotted. Otherwise, it will rot, become covered with fungus and contribute to the decay of the plant in the pot.

The resulting mixture is calcined in the oven for an hour. Sometimes this procedure is omitted, dispensing only with treatment with a solution of potassium permanganate. Ignition - The best way save cyclamen from the development of fungal diseases.

Compound

• 4 hours of leafy land;
• 1 hour sand;
• 2 hours of turf;
• 0.5 hours of needles.

The right pot

A pot for cyclamen is selected by buying a plant in a flower shop. A new one is bought when it is transplanted or propagated. Choosing the right one, take into account the age of the plant. If the age is a year, optimal diameter capacity of seven centimeters. A two-year-old cyclamen is transplanted into a container with a diameter of 14 cm. It is not recommended to sharply increase the size of the pot. Otherwise, the soil will oxidize. In order to prevent waterlogging of the soil in the future, the bottom is pierced, i.e. make drainage holes.

A transplant is not always necessary. It is recommended to carry out after buying a new flower. In a flower shop, it grows in a special substrate so that it does not cause problems when transporting it from abroad. In the future, it interferes with good flowering and plant growth. When the tuber grows large and it becomes obvious that the plant is cramped in a pot, it is important to transplant it. If you delay, the roots will grow strongly, and they will not have enough food to meet all their needs.

If desired, each grower will cope with a cyclamen transplant. Don't have to do anything special The main thing is to strictly follow the steps listed below:

Important! When transplanting cyclamen from one pot to another, they act carefully so as not to damage the fragile roots. If injury occurs, the bulb will not take root. and will die.

Watering and feeding

It depends on after transplantation whether cyclamens will be accepted or not. It comes down to timely watering and fertilizing with the right fertilizers. In the first month they are rarely watered. It is better to pour water into the pan so as not to soak the tuber on top with water and not contribute to its decay. For irrigation use settled water at room temperature. A month later, cyclamens are fed with fertilizer.

Never deviate from the recommendations given by experienced flower growers. If this does happen, the cyclamen will disappear or bloom later. After one month, it is watered as the soil dries out and only with the beginning of flowering is more abundant than before. Overflow is not permissible, as it contributes to the development of diseases in the flower.

Read in detail about how to properly water cyclamen, and from you will learn how and with what to feed the plant.

Conclusion

It depends on which soil is chosen for cyclamen whether it quickly acclimatizes to new conditions and blooms. They do not take the first land that comes under their hands to transplant it. Otherwise, there is no guarantee that pests will not start.

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Speaking about the care of cyclamen at home, it is necessary to touch upon many aspects, the observance of which directly affects the well-being of the plant. You should devote a lot of time to this flower, because without proper attention it will not live long.

In this article, we talk about what varieties of cyclamen exist, how not to make a mistake when choosing a flower in a store, and of course, how to grow and care for cyclamen at home. Also from the article you will learn how to deal with possible diseases and pests, how to transplant and propagate a plant, and in what cases it should be disposed of.

By following all the rules for caring for cyclamen, you can grow a beautiful healthy flower, which will become a delicate aesthetic decoration of your interior. The job is quite labor intensive, but worth it.

Cyclamen: leaves, flowers, seeds

Cyclamen- a winter-flowering plant and this feature is subject to the entire cycle of its vegetation. In the summer, in the heat cyclamen is at rest, and in the fall comes to life, builds up new leaves and to releases buds on long peduncles twisted down.

• cyclamen bloom occurs in late autumn, winter and spring, which makes cyclamen very valuable home plant.
• Especially often given and received as a gift cyclamens during the period winter holidays. Please select when purchasing cyclamen with many young buds, which usually "hide" under leaves.
• Homemade cyclamen leaves beautiful heart-shaped, the upper surface is often decorated with interesting "marble" stains.

Cyclamen flowers have 5 petals bent back, Colour which are usually more intense at the base. Cyclamen flowers often have a subtle, refined "papery" aroma.

Home cyclamen - growing features

Cyclamen root is a flattened round corm up to 15 cm in diameter with a single growth point. Damage it - destroy the bulb. The leaves of cyclamen are basal, leathery, heart-shaped, growing on petioles up to 30 cm long, dark green in color with a grayish-silver pattern. The flowers of the original form look like outlandish butterflies - the petals are bent and pointed, sometimes they have a fringed shape, and the color palette is incredibly wide - boiling white, pink, all shades of red, burgundy and purple. Cyclamen blooms for more than three months.

There is an opinion that indoor cyclamen is a capricious plant. Don't believe! Cyclamen is unpretentious, just in its agricultural technology, as in the agricultural technology of any other plant, there are certain requirements, the mandatory implementation of which will allow you to easily cope with its cultivation. So:

• - in no case do not store tubers of faded cyclamen in the refrigerator - after such storage, the bulb will not wake up;
• - the cyclamen flower does not tolerate heat and stuffiness, but lives perfectly in a cool room at a temperature that is uncomfortable for humans - only 6-12 ºC;
• - direct sunlight can cause a burn on the beautiful leaves of cyclamen;
• - do not bury the cyclamen tuber in the ground: at least a third of the bulb should remain on the surface;
• - cyclamen does not tolerate an excess of mineral salts in the soil, so be careful with fertilizers;
• - a pot for cyclamen needs a small one, so that from the bulb to the wall of the pot there is a layer of soil no thicker than 2-3 cm.

Growing cyclamen from seeds

How to grow cyclamen.

A species such as Persian cyclamen propagates by seeds. Cyclamen seeds are sown in February or March, although indoor cyclamen can be propagated at any time of the year. On the eve of planting, soak the seeds for 12 hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate or in Epin or Zircon prepared according to the instructions.

After that, sow the seeds in a cyclamen soil mixture, consisting of two parts pre-steamed earth, one part tulip or terra vita soil mixture, and half a part of river sand to loosen the soil.

It will be better if you make a groove 1 cm deep in the soil, spill it well with water and place the seeds in it 2-3 cm apart. Sprinkle the seeds on top with a layer of soil and cover the container with glass or film. At a temperature of 18-20 ºC, the seeds germinate in 30-60 days, although there are slow-growing varieties that germinate in five months or more!

Planting cyclamen.

When sprouts appear, remove the shelter and move the container with them to a more lit place, but away from direct sunlight! When two true leaves appear, seedlings dive 2-3 seedlings into one pot, completely covering the nodules with soil.

The soil should be loose, such as a tulip mixture or the same mixture in which you sowed the seeds. After 6-7 months, you can transplant the grown cyclamen into pots with a diameter of 6-7 cm with the same soil mixture.

Planting cyclamen in this case requires the corm to be buried no more than two-thirds of its size so that the growth point rises above the soil surface. If the care of cyclamen at home is correct, you can see it bloom a year and a half after sowing the seeds.

home cyclamen care

How to care for cyclamen at home.

Cyclamen is a flower that requires bright diffused light and cool (6-12 ºC) temperatures. In addition, you will often have to ventilate the room, but in no case make drafts in it - this is unacceptable for cyclamen.

Frequent spraying will increase the humidity in the room, which cyclamen likes a lot, in addition, it can reduce the temperature by a couple of degrees in the summer heat.

The plant also needs top dressing with complex fertilizer for flowering plants, but be careful with the consistency - this plant is better to underfeed than overfeed.

How to water cyclamen.

During the period of active growth, cyclamen requires regular watering, but try to do without fanaticism in this matter: watering should be sufficient, but not excessive.

To be sure that the plant has enough moisture, use the bottom watering method - put the cyclamen pot in a container of water and keep it in it until the top layer of soil gets wet, then remove the pot from the water and let it drain. .

This method, by the way, will not allow moisture to get to the top of the tuber, where the growth point is located, thereby minimizing the risk of plant rotting.

Reproduction of cyclamen.

Cyclamens reproduce by seed, which we described in detail in the previous section, and vegetatively by tuber division. But only those corms that have more than one growth point can be divided, and this happens very rarely. In addition, the process of dividing and rooting a part of a tuber for an amateur often ends in failure, so we can assume that the seed method of cyclamen propagation is the only possible one.

Cyclamen after purchase.

How to care for cyclamen immediately after purchase? Sometimes the next day after you brought the purchased cyclamen home, it drops flowers and even leaves. Do not panic - for cyclamen, this is a completely natural behavior.

• He needs to get used to your environment, and you try to create conditions for him in which he will be comfortable.
• The cyclamen flower should occupy the brightest and coolest place at home.
• Check the substrate, and if it is dry, let the plant drink, using bottom watering or watering in a pan - in these cases, the plant will receive exactly as much moisture as it needs.

Be sure to spray the plant. Do not feed cyclamen for two or three months after purchase - the plants that go on sale are well and permanently seasoned with fertilizers.

Flowering cyclamen.

Cyclamen blooms either in summer or in winter, and the time, that is, the duration of the flowering of the plant, directly depends on how you follow the rules for caring for cyclamen. Recall that optimal conditions, at which cyclamen will bloom for a long time and profusely, are as follows: a lot of light, but without direct sunlight; the optimum temperature for flowering is not lower than 10 ºC and not higher than 20 ºC. Watering either the bottom or in the pan so that moisture does not get either on the growth point or on the leaves with flowers. Cut off faded flowers.

Cyclamen transplant

How to transplant cyclamen.

Transplant cyclamen into a new substrate about once every two years if the pot has become too small for the bulb. This should be done at the end of the dormant period before the start of active vegetation. But remember that cyclamen does not need a spacious pot, it blooms well only in a tight one, when the layer of earth from the bulb to the wall of the pot is no thicker than 2-3 cm.

For example, for a bulb aged 1-1.5 years, a pot with a diameter of 7-8 cm is suitable, and for a two-three-year-old bulb - with a diameter of 14-15 cm. In a new pot, put expanded clay for drainage, a layer of fresh substrate, then the bulb along with an earthen clod and roots and add the substrate so that the tuber is immersed in it by two-thirds. Compact the soil well. A transplanted cyclamen will need fertilizer no earlier than a month later.

Cyclamen transplant after purchase.

After purchase, cyclamen is transplanted only if it is in a dormant period, which is strange in itself - well, who buys a bulb buried in the soil?

If you bought blooming cyclamen, wait until it blooms and rests, and then, at the very beginning of the growing season, if the bulb is cramped or you want to change the technical plastic pot to a beautiful one, transplant the cyclamen in the described way. Or, if the plant does well in an old pot, it's better to put an ugly cyclamen pot in a beautiful planter.

Cyclamen prefers a cool room (+13-16 degrees) with bright lighting. Best for homemade cyclamen east or west windows are suitable in summer and south in winter. Do not put it cyclamen under direct sunlight or near a heat source (battery, fireplace).

Temperature, location and lighting

Cyclamen likes when there is bright lighting around him, but direct exposure to the rays of the sun is not desirable for him, it is better to hide the flower from them. AT winter time for such a plant, a room is recommended where the air is warmed only by 12 degrees, not higher and with good lighting. In summer, room temperature is sufficient for favorable flower growth.

• Purple cyclamen does not have a clear dormant period, usually they do not hibernate for it, but it would not interfere with it. In this it differs from the alpine violet, which, in turn, after the flowering period (May-June), passes to rest and begins to shed its leaves.
• The best place to grow cyclamen is the east and west windows. If the plant is located on the south side, it is important to protect it from direct sunlight. The room where cyclamen grows should be regularly ventilated.
• hybrids cyclamen persian- heat-loving plants, so temperatures below +10 degrees are uncomfortable for them as well as heat.

Along with the cold cyclamens they prefer relatively humid air, but spraying from a spray bottle is categorically contraindicated for them. Instead, you can just hold the planter with cyclamens on a tray of wet gravel or close to a water source.

Air humidity

Cyclamen is a plant that loves high humidity. During growth, the leaves need to be sprayed. As soon as cyclamen begins to bloom, spraying is no longer necessary. To increase the humidity indicator, you can create a water mist near the plant. You can also put it on a pallet with wet pebbles. In winter, cyclamen should be placed at a great distance from central heating batteries.

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Watering

watering cyclamen should only be done when the surface of the substrate is slightly dry. It is better water cyclamen bottom, leaving the pot with flower in a container of tepid water for 10-15 minutes, and then be sure to drain all the water before reinstalling cyclamen in a pot. Getting on the base of the tuber and leaves of cyclamen, water can cause dangerous fungal disease of cyclamen - gray rot (Botrytis cinerea) and plant decay.

Cyclamen, like orchids, it will be easier to tolerate the drying of the soil than excessive watering, although it is also not worth bringing the plant to dryness. From excess water cyclamen leaves turn yellow and the tuber rots!

feed cyclamen general fertilizer for domestic plants during the entire period of active vegetation (from autumn to spring) once every 2-3 weeks. Excess fertilizer stimulates active growth cyclamen leaves but not bud formation.

Watering

At the time of flowering, you need to water so that water does not fall on the roots. It is necessary to distribute moisture evenly so that overflow does not occur or, conversely, the earthen lump does not dry out. The type of Persian plant during dormancy should be watered less, but make sure that the earth does not dry out, while the European all year round watered the same way.

The soil

It is very important to create aeration of the cyclamen root system. It is desirable to use a breathable substrate of coarse fiber peat. For optimal soil composition, equal parts of sand, humus and peat are needed, as well as three parts of leafy soil.

Top dressing and fertilizer

Full mineral fertilizer, which is applied to flowering plants, or organic matter - this is what you need to feed cyclamen once every two weeks. You need to start this from the moment the leaves develop and continue until it blooms.

Transfer

Alpine violets are transplanted when new leaves appear on it (end of June). With the European one, this must be done in early spring (March-April) and transplanted annually.

• It is desirable to transplant the plant into a low container and wide enough.
• When transplanting, one point must be taken into account, that the roots of the purple cyclamen are completely covered with earth, while the Persian root system is half hidden in the ground.
• Then, until the roots take root thoroughly, you need to water less often, and then increase moisture.

Removing dead flowers and leaves

Withered flowers (like yellowed cyclamen leaves) should be removed by unscrewing the peduncle from the tuber completely, otherwise the base of the peduncle may rot and eventually lead to the death of the plant.

• At the beginning of spring flowering cyclamen comes to an end, over time, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Majority home cyclamen naturally slow down or complete their annual growing cycle in April-May. At that time feeding cyclamen stop and gradually reduce watering.
• Cyclamen tuber in summer they are stored in the ground, in a cool place, only occasionally slightly moistening the substrate. It should also be kept in mind that not all cyclamens at home go to summer rest. Some homemade cyclamens never shed their leaves, besides, they bloom virtually incessantly.
• In September cyclamen revives and produces new leaves. At this time, the top layer of the substrate should be replaced with fresh or transplant cyclamen(see below) and soak pot of cyclamen in water so that the soil is completely wet.

Then completely drain the water from the pot. From now on, regular watering and fertilizing cyclamen. If a caring for cyclamen correct, then soon the plant will again release many buds and bloom.

Cyclamen: why do the leaves turn yellow?

Cyclamen leaves turn yellow naturally at the end of the growing season, when cyclamen prepares for a dormant period. If the leaves of homemade cyclamen began to turn yellow during the flowering of the plant, then caring for cyclamen most likely needs to be improved. To yellowing of cyclamen leaves may have caused excessive heat in the room where the plant is kept.

Too high temperature disrupts the vegetation cycle cyclamen and artificially brings the dormant period closer. To correct the situation, provide cyclamen the most important conditions: bright light without direct sunlight, a cool window sill and watering with immersion only after the soil in the pot has slightly dried out.

Cyclamen: transplant and reproduction

Cyclamen transplant carried out at the end of summer, when the plant only comes to life after a dormant state. A transplant is required if cyclamen tuber filled the entire space of the pot or if it is time to change the substrate (usually once every 2 years). Released young cyclamen roots transplanted into a slightly larger pot with fresh soil, which is gently compacted.

• planted cyclamen tuber level with the ground surface or slightly higher and lightly sprinkled with coarse sand.
• soil for cyclamen make up by carefully mixing coarse sand with organic matter (leaf humus, peat, rotted bark, coconut fiber, etc.) in a ratio of 1:2. Cyclamen Prefers slightly acidic soil.
• Cyclamen is propagated by tuber division or seeds.. However propagation of indoor cyclamen can be a difficult task.

Plants are suitable for tuber division, on the tuber of which there are several points of growth (by analogy with potatoes). Part cyclamen tuber with an "eye" cut off with a clean sharp knife and transplanted into a separate pot in a special seedling soil. Despite all the precautions shared cyclamen tubers often rot.

For propagation of cyclamen by seeds Using a soft brush, dust the flowers several times. Withered cyclamen flowers do not cut, but let them dry naturally. Cyclamen seeds taken out of the fruit-box shortly before it is ready to open, and soaked in warm water for a day. After that cyclamen seeds sown in boxes in the ground for seedlings at a great distance from each other, sprinkling with a half-centimeter layer of vermiculite.

The box is kept in the dark at a temperature of 17-20 degrees, moistening the soil with a spray gun. ascend cyclamen seeds not at the same time, shoots appear after 4-8 weeks. After the appearance of sprouts, the boxes are exposed to light. Small plants with 2-3 leaves can already be carefully dug up and transplanted into individual pots.

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Types of cyclamen

At that time, it was more common to meet the European cyclamen or, as it is also called, the Alpine violet. Nowadays the Persian type is the most popular. They do not differ much from each other in care, however, the characteristics of each must still be taken into account.

In nature, of course, there are much more of them, not to mention the hybrids bred by breeders. Domestic cyclamen was previously considered a winter-blooming flower., because it blooms all winter period before the onset of spring. Hybrids with their appearance marked all-season, the ability to bloom regardless of the season. It is these flowers that we acquire under the name "Persian cyclamen".

It is difficult to say whether their hybridity affected healing properties it is not known, but the fact that the tuber remained the same poisonous is for sure. Therefore, you should be careful. The cyclamen tuber is large, even its miniature specimens have a diameter of 8 cm or more, while giants can differ by 30 cm.

Purchase

If you decide to buy not a finished plant in a pot, but only its tuber, then ask the seller about its type and age, carefully inspect it. He must have a hefty mass, be firm and resilient. See if the tuber has buds that are located in its upper part.

Cyclamen: home care

The plant needs good care and smart approach.

Site selection and lighting

Remember that homemade cyclamen cannot stand drafts, but stagnant air is also harmful to it. The plant needs good lighting, therefore, the location on the windowsill is exactly what it needs, however, it is better to put it on a non-opening window but in a regularly ventilated room. It is worth noting that he needs good lighting only during the period of laying buds and flowering, during the dormant period he does not need it at all.

This is especially true of the Persian species of cyclamen, in which this period is pronounced. It simply sheds foliage at this time and goes into a state of sleep. The European species also needs rest. Both species are placed in a cool place without bright light.

Many unfortunate flower growers advise beginners to put the tubers in the refrigerator, after separating them from the pot. This can't be done, because after such an execution the plant will not wake up. This is where your care will end. So leave it in the pot.

Temperature

Home care for cyclamen involves optimal temperature content. On this occasion, I would like to once again dwell on the choice of a window sill as right place location of this flower. Since it is unlikely that anywhere in the room you can find temperatures up to 15 degrees, because cyclamen for healthy and proper development, this indicator is needed in the range of 6–15 degrees above zero. If the temperature is higher, then flowering will become scarce and short-lived. Therefore, species that bloom in winter look more presentable.

Humidification of the soil, air, fertilization

Cyclamen does not like waterlogging or drying out of an earthy coma. The optimal solution will be watering through the pan. Since during the top watering, water can get on the growing point of the tuber, which will lead to rotting and death of the plant.

The same reason does not allow spraying the flower, especially during flowering. However, cyclamen requires high humidity. This is can be arranged using a pallet with wet expanded clay, where a flower pot is placed, and it is also easy to place containers filled with water next to it.

If you have recently acquired this spectacular crop, you need to forget about fertilizers for 2-4 months, because there are more of them in the substrate than required. After this time, fertilizer is applied twice a month, excluding the dormant period. Give preference to liquid fertilizers for flowering plants. Do not use complex mineral fertilizer, because it contains a lot of mineral salts, which is bad for the flower.

Transfer

Many professional flower growers advise replanting cyclamen after a dormant period, but it is better to leave the flower in a pot for 2 years when the need arises. She comes when the tuber does not fit in the pot, and this happens, as a rule, exactly once every 2 years. After this time, transplant.

When planting, consider the variety of cyclamen. Thus, the European species is completely immersed in the ground, while its Persian counterpart is only half. For Persian cyclamen, you need a pot even a little cramped, the distance to the wall does not exceed 2–3 cm. Plant a European look in a more spacious one. This is due to the growth of the roots. In the Persian species, they are directed downwards, while the European one fills the container with them throughout the volume. Some flower growers prefer to leave part of the European-grade tuber roots outside as well.

The land is purchased in the store, where you can buy ready-made specifically for cyclamen, but you can cook by yourself. To do this, take:

1. substrate for cacti.
2. leaf humus and peat are added to the container in equal proportions.

Drainage is also required. After planting a cyclomen flower, abundant watering is prohibited. You just need to slightly moisten the soil. Watering is increased gradually after the appearance of the first shoots.

reproduction

by the most in a simple way is child reproduction by a tuber. To do this, you just need to separate the young tuber from the mother and plant it in separate container. All other methods of reproduction of cyclamen, in particular, through seeds are not effective. A novice florist is unlikely to cope with such a task.

cultivation

AT room conditions Cyclamen cultivation can last up to 7 years. After this period, it is no longer suitable for reproduction, so you need to buy a new one. Reproduction of cyclamen is a troublesome business. For industrial purposes, it is propagated using seeds. You can do this yourself by dividing the tuber.

Depending on the variety, the duration of the period from sowing to flowering may vary. As a rule, it takes 7-11 months. It is advisable to sow seeds at the end of March. So, during the growth period, cyclamen can do without additional lighting, and it will begin to bloom in mid-autumn.

For seed germination, it is necessary to create the appropriate conditions. The air temperature should be around the mark of 18 degrees. Welcome high humidity and lack of light. So that the crops are in the dark, they are covered with a black film for three weeks. At lower temperatures, cyclamens will germinate a little later. If they are above 20 degrees, germination will be slow. You can start diving seedlings after the appearance of 3-4 full leaves. During a dive, the young tuber is completely covered with earth.

Pest and disease control

Like any other plants living at home, cyclomenia will not get sick and will not be attacked by pests if the care is done correctly and carefully. However, you can expect the following troubles:

Delicate, unusual and spectacular flowers of cyclamen, grown at home with careful care and attention, able to create a happy atmosphere in the house. We especially need positive emotions in winter, when there are so few sunny days. At this time, most types of cyclamen are in bloom, which we learned today how to care for.

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Diseases and pests

Cyclamen don't attack too much infectious diseases and pests. But it can be affected by cyclamen mites.

Signs will be deformed leaves, crooked peduncles and curved buds. Tick ​​infestation can be detected early stages not so easy. With a strong defeat, preparations for the destruction of pests do not always cope with the goal.

These are the main tips regarding the care of cyclamen, if you wish, you can find a more detailed description.

Cyclamen home care

Cyclamen requires bright light, but not direct rays, the light must be diffused, a long stay in direct sunlight harms buds and leaves, a north window or loggia facing the north side is perfect for a plant.

In most cases, cyclamen is grown at home, which means that you need to be careful about watering. Cyclamen likes abundant watering, and during the flowering period, watering should be even more abundant, but this does not apply to cyclamen that bloom all year round, their watering is usually the same throughout all seasons.

Water Requirements

Cyclamen prefers soft, settled prepared water.

• Watering should be uniform. It must be remembered that this plant does not like water on the leaves, and even more so on the petals.
• Watering should be carried out either with a watering can, but carefully so that water does not get on the leaves, or water by immersion.
• Watering by immersion is not difficult, you collect water in a basin (or similar container), defend it, then immerse the pot in water, immerse it almost completely, then wait, the earth should gleam, then remove the pot from the water, let the excess water come out through drainage holes.

Humidity should be high for all types of cyclamen. Home care consists in regularly spraying the air around the cyclamen, cover the cyclamen from drops before spraying. Also, to increase humidity, it is advisable to place the pot on a tray with wet peat, pebbles or moss.

Cyclamen loves cool rooms. The air temperature should not be high, but it is also impossible to fall to low temperatures. So, the ideal temperature for cyclamen will be 12-16 degrees, not lower, not higher. A temperature of 21 degrees or more is detrimental to cyclamen!

Top dressing of an adult plant

Plants should be fed constantly, with the exception of the dormant period. Start feeding 3 weeks after buying the plant, if you have grown cyclamen yourself, you should start feeding a week after the sprouts appear.

Top dressing should be carried out only if the earth ball is well saturated with water. Complex mineral fertilizers are well suited for top dressing.

Cyclamen. How to care after flowering.

After flowering, cyclamen begins a dormant period. Often, not knowing the features of care after flowering, cyclamen is thrown out.

• So, after flowering stops, the flower should be cut, the buds are completely cut off, and the yellowed leaves are also cut off.
• Watering should be reduced. By spring, there will be little left of cyclamen, but this is normal.
• In spring, cyclamen is not watered, and cleaned in a cooler room, many also put cyclamen on its side.

In this state, cyclamen will arrive until mid-summer. By mid-summer, it is worth transplanting cyclamen into a separate pot and resuming watering.

Cyclamen transplant

When transplanting cyclamen, the soil is completely replaced. When transplanting, rotten and damaged roots are removed. The dimensions of the pot for cyclamen are not standard, not very small, not too large pot will not work for it, choose a pot with a diameter of about 14-15 centimeters. The soil must be prepared and when transplanting, do not tamp the asthenia heavily.

Difficulties and problems

If your cyclamen leaves turn yellow, but the flowers remain strong and healthy, then the problem is dry and warm air, and direct sunlight may also be the cause.

If the flower stalks become soft and begin to rot, then the soil of cyclamen is waterlogged. This is very dangerous and often leads to the death of the plant, which is why the plant must be monitored and ensure good drainage.

Also, cyclamen is often infected with a cyclamen mite, this disease is characterized by deformed, withered and small leaves. To combat the tick, Agravertin and Fitoverm are used, the treatment is carried out 2 times, with an interval of 10 days.

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The dormant period of cyclamen

In nature, cyclamens bloom in autumn or in early spring. After flowering, peace sets in, in cyclamen the leaves gradually turn yellow and die. The home flower also alternates between two periods.

• Many flower growers, using the advice from flower guides, try to keep the tubers of a dormant plant in completely dry soil by placing the pot in the refrigerator.
• The tuber cannot be awakened after such “rest”. Overdrying is especially dangerous for very young plants with small tubers.
• As soon as you notice that the plant has faded and started to lose foliage, simply reduce watering and do not feed it.

But no refrigerators! After a while, cyclamen will grow leaves again.

How to distinguish Persian cyclamen from European cyclamen (purple)

To understand how to care for cyclamen at home, you need to know what species the plant belongs to. The timing of flowering, the dormant period and the depth during transplantation differ in c. purple (European) (Cyclamen purpurascens) and c. Persian (Cyclamen persicum).

Signs by which cyclamen species can be distinguished:

• Most often in autumn and winter, Persian cyclamens are sold in bloom, in spring and summer - purple (European). Before the advent of modern hybrids, Persian cyclamen flowers were larger. But now it is impossible to distinguish between two types of cyclamen by flowers.
• Look at the underside of the sheet. At c. purple, it is lilac, even purple, in c. Persian - green, maybe with drawings.
• Pay attention to how the plant sits in a pot. If the tuber protrudes above the ground, it is c. Persian. If it is completely immersed in the soil, it is c. purple.
• Tuber c. Persian flattened, does not form "children", roots are formed only in the lower part.
• Tuber c. purple grows over time, forms small daughter nodules. The roots are located over the entire surface of the tuber.

Previously, it was customary to consider the names of the species of cyclamen "purple" and "European" as synonyms, from old manuals this spread over the Internet. Since 1972, cyclamen purple has been considered a more accurate species name, not c. European. Under the name "European cyclamen" there are several European species: c. purple (Cyclamen purpurascens), c. notched (C. repandum) and c. ivy (C. hederifolium).

How to care for cyclamen at home

Cyclamen at home does not tolerate high temperatures: a cool place on the windowsill or glazed balcony is optimal. At a temperature of +6 ... + 12 ° C, flowering can last up to six months. Prefers diffused light and blooms well even on a northern window. From the direct sun on the leaves, burns may even appear. Try to find the lightest, coolest place in the apartment for cyclamen so that the petioles of growing leaves do not stretch.

He likes loose, nutritious soil with a slightly acidic reaction (ready-made soil for violets is suitable) and good drainage. The pot should not be too big or deep. Cyclamen should be transplanted no more than once every 2-3 years, while the new pot should not be much larger than the previous one.

Planting depth depends on the characteristics of root growth in different types:

- at cyclamen persian roots grow exclusively from below, so the top of the tuber should be visible above the ground;

- at cyclamen European roots grow over the entire surface of the tuber, which means it can be deepened.

During the growth period, plants need regular watering (just do not allow moisture to stagnate!), while it is better to water it in a pan or by immersion so that water does not get on the top of the tuber (may rot). Frequent spraying will not hurt either: cyclamen loves high humidity. Fertilizing with complex fertilizers for flowering plants is also necessary.

Cyclamen rarely suffers from pests, but excessive dryness of the air can cause spider mite.

How to propagate cyclamen

Cyclamens are propagated by seeds or baby tubers. Contrary to the prohibitions of the authors of reference literature, the flower is also propagated by dividing the tuber, which is effective for rejuvenation. planting material. The method is suitable for tubers older than 3-4 years.

• An adult tuber during the dormant period (usually in February) is divided into parts with a sharp knife so that each division has at least one renewal bud.
• It is very important to sprinkle the slices with crushed charcoal and dry for several days (longer drying will have a bad effect on survival).
• Then parts of the tuber are planted in the soil, deepened by 2/3, gently watered.

They take root within a month at a temperature of + 18ºС. Cyclamens from tuber divisions bloom much earlier than from seeds.

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Pests and diseases of cyclamen

Enemies of cyclamen.

Subject to the rules for caring for cyclamen, neither insects nor viral or bacterial diseases threaten your flower, but improper care of cyclamen at home can lead to rotting of the bulb during chronic waterlogging of the soil or to the appearance of a spider mite with insufficient watering.

Correct your mistakes as quickly as possible and do not make them again, and then neither cyclamen nor you will have problems with it.

Cyclamen turns yellow.

If you follow the rules for watering the plant, and the cyclamen flower still turns yellow, then it may just be hot. Spray it as often as possible and, if possible, find a cooler place for it, otherwise cyclamen flowers may begin to dry from the heat. If the leaves began to turn yellow after the cyclamen has faded, then it is just preparing for a dormant period, and your concern is in vain.

Cyclamen does not bloom.

If cyclamen gets little moisture from watering, or if you don't care about the right level of indoor air humidity, you're unlikely to see cyclamen bloom. Cyclamen does not bloom in a too warm room, especially if he is not used to such a temperature. Sometimes, over time, the plant gets used to high temperature in the dwelling and, if all other conditions are met by you, cyclamen eventually begins to bloom.

Cyclamen after flowering

When flowering ends, cyclamen leaves gradually turn yellow, indicating that it is preparing for a dormant period. Yellow leaves are best removed, but not cut, but twisted until they separate from the bulb. Watering is gradually reduced and the tuber resting in the ground is watered only occasionally, moving the plant to a shaded place until the cyclamen again shows signs of life.

Types of cyclamen

In culture, mainly two types of cyclamen are grown - Persian and European, as well as their derivatives.

European cyclamen, or alpine violet

- a tuberous plant with medium-sized leaves and fragrant pink-lilac flowers, but has varieties of white, carmine and other colors. In culture since 1607. European cyclamen is much more tolerant of normal home temperature than other species, but also prefers cool air to stuffiness.

This species does not have a pronounced dormant period, in addition, daughter bulbs sometimes grow in its tubers, which can be used for reproduction. European cyclamen blooms from late spring to almost winter, feels great in summer on a balcony or in a garden, but under mandatory protection from sunlight and from penetration of slugs and earthworms into the pot, for which the pot is covered with an ordinary nylon stocking.

Persian cyclamen, or dryakva

more popular in cultivation than all other species, because of the incredible beauty of its flowers, which, having bloomed, seem to turn inside out and grow petals down until the plant sheds them without any trace of wilting.

The color of the flowers is pink, dark purple, lilac, white, hot pink, and in most cases the pharynx of the flower is in a different shade.

• The leaves of the Persian cyclamen are larger and more beautiful than the European ones, they are not inferior in decorativeness to flowers.
• Recently, dwarf varieties of Persian cyclamen have become very popular, which are much better tolerated. room temperature than specimens of large varieties.
• Persian cyclamen blooms from late autumn to early spring, and then there is a 9-month dormant period. In culture since 1731.

In addition to these two most popular species in indoor floriculture, there are also African cyclamen, Kos cyclamen, Cypriot cyclamen, Greek cyclamen, amazing cyclamen, small-flowered cyclamen, Cilician cyclamen and other species that are found mainly in the wild.

Cyclamen is a herbaceous flowering perennial from the Mirsinov family. It belongs to the tuberous representatives and is grown at home. Popular with gardeners due to unpretentiousness to the conditions of maintenance and care. Has a long flowering period. Despite all the advantages of cyclamen, regular plant transplantation is required for full growth and development. Only in this case, the flower is able to please the owner with its appearance for almost 20 years.

Description

Cyclamen is a herbaceous tuberous perennial. The most common potted varieties are Persian and European cyclamen. Their flowering period begins in October and lasts until the first month of spring. On the tops of the shoots, single erect flowers of various colors bloom: pink, white, red, purple. The leaves are deep green, wiry.

The characteristics of indoor cyclamens are described in the table:

Name	Description	A photo
Persian	The bush is 25–30 cm high. The root is represented by an oval flattened tuber, about 16 cm in diameter. The leaves are heart-shaped, green in color, with a steel pattern on the surface. Inflorescences are elongated, dense, with twisted petals. Peduncles are erect, 20–25 cm long. After flowering, leaves are shed
European	Popularly referred to as alpine violet, which is due to the place of growth in nature - the Alps. Differs from Persian in more compact size. Tubers with a diameter of not more than 10 cm. The leaves are heart-shaped, dark green above with a silvery inclusion, red below. Leaves do not shed after flowering

The plant tends to fade quickly, the reason for which is sometimes the elevated temperature in the room.

For long and full flowering of cyclamen throughout winter season it is required to maintain a lower air temperature and acceptable humidity along with an abundance of natural light. The plant categorically does not tolerate direct exposure to rays, which leads to burns on the leaves and the loss of a decorative appearance.

When buying a flower in a store, you should pay attention to a number of external factors:

• the tuber should slightly protrude above the ground;
• a healthy plant has dense stems;
• the structure of the leaves is leathery, with a bright green color and visible veins.

Drooping bushes hanging along the sides of the pot indicate an unhealthy state of the plant. The presence of the slightest signs of mold and mucous plaque, which can serve as a source of infection of other indoor flowers with fungal or viral pathologies, is unacceptable.

How to transplant cyclamen?

The need for a transplant indoor cyclamen occurs when:

• a strongly overgrown tuber when the roots become cramped in an old pot;
• the need to change the soil due to its depletion;
• completion of flowering - at the end of summer.

It is categorically impossible to transplant a plant if buds are present on the stems. It is necessary to wait out this time or have time to carry out the procedure before budding. The allowable limit of transplants is 2-3 times a year.

It is mandatory to carry out an annual transplant after flowering, which is due to the need to replace the old soil, which has lost nutrients during the growing season, with fertile soil. In the process of transplantation, the roots are also inspected for damage and rot.

After the purchase, the plant must be moved to a new pot without fail.

Prepare the soil composition by mixing:

• peat;
• river sand;
• humus;
• leaf compost in the ratio 1:1:1:4.

It is preliminarily calcined in an oven or spilled with a manganese solution for disinfection. For better planting survival, vermiculite is added to the soil.

The pot is selected with a reference to the age of the flower: for cyclamen up to 1.5 years, a diameter within 10 cm is suitable, for older specimens - 15–17 cm.

The gap between the tuber and the walls of the container should not exceed three centimeters. Too much volume will not allow the roots to fully absorb the moisture that accumulates in excess, which will lead to their decay.

Step-by-step instructions for the correct transplantation of cyclamen:

1. 1. Holes are made in the bottom of the selected new pot.
2. 2. Spread a drainage layer of expanded clay, brick chips or pebbles 1–1.2 cm thick.
3. 3. Pour new soil mixture up to half the height of the container, with a recess in the center, to accommodate the bulb.
4. 4. First, old leaves are removed from the bush by twisting the cuttings. The bulb is transferred from the previous pot in a transshipment way, keeping the adhering clod of earth.
5. 5. Keep the plant suspended and gently sprinkle, leaving the top of the head open. Tamping is not required, as the tuber needs Free access oxygen.

After completion of work, put the flower in a bright and warm place with no drafts. The first watering is possible only after 7 days. The water flowing into the pan is immediately drained. Feeding cyclamen begins in a month, using ready-made complex formulations.

Aftercare

After transplanting, the flower needs to create acceptable conditions for successful adaptation in a new place. First of all, choose the right location for the next 1-2 months. Recommended to keep flower pot on the windowsill on the north side.

Further care includes:

• Systematic moderate watering. During the bay, dampness is created, which leads to the development of pathogenic microflora in the soil. Eliminate the ingress of drops of moisture on the leaves, buds and the protruding top of the tuber. It is recommended to moisten the cyclamen through the tray, which allows the plant to absorb the required amount of moisture.
• Maintaining the room temperature at 15–17 °C. When airing the room, the flower is removed away from the flow of cold air.
• Removing dead leaves. You need to do this manually: you can not use scissors.

If cyclamen is transplanted during the dormant period, the leaves will begin to wither. This is not critical, since after leaving hibernation, the green mass is quickly restored. It is enough to provide the plant with coolness and remove dead leaves.

An equally important component of care is top dressing, which helps cyclamen to fully grow and develop. Commercially available mineral compounds are suitable. Fertilizer is applied once every 2 weeks, until the first buds are set. During the dormant period, feeding is stopped.

Today we'll talk about how to transplant cyclamen at home when is it best to do it and how to care for it after transplantation.

Cyclamen is growing on your windowsill - an elegant plant with graceful leaves and unusual flowers on long stems, as if turned inside out. At some point, it begins to seem to you that the cyclamen pot is cramped - you need to transplant it. But when? How? What kind of soil? And do you really need a transplant? Well, let's go point by point.

You will not have to start with buying a beautiful pot. First of all, determine which species your cyclamen belongs to.

The fact is that Persian cyclamen and purple cyclamen, which mainly grow on our windows, on some issues have absolutely opposite views on life - and this must be taken into account.

What species is your cyclamen?

When to transplant cyclamen?

And here we will need a table to determine the type of your cyclamen. Of course, it is customary to transplant plants at the end of the dormant period.

But the fact of the matter is that if the purple cyclamen (which is not in vain called European) lives according to the time of the Northern Hemisphere, “sleeps” in winter and comes to life in spring, then Persian cyclamen, on the contrary, rests in summer, and wakes up by autumn, gains strength and begins to bloom.

So it turns out that the purple European should be transplanted in the spring, and the Persian inhabitant in the fall.

Which soil to choose?

On this issue, both cyclamen are extremely unanimous. They prefer light and nutritious soil and are not particularly picky about this issue. 1 share of sand to 2 shares of peat or humus, good layer drainage at the bottom - and cyclamen is happy.

And do not forget, the tuber of the Persian cyclamen is not completely buried in the ground - only up to half! But purple can be dug in so that only the leaves stick out.

Soil recipe for cyclamen: sand and peat / humus 1: 2

Choosing a pot

Oddly enough, cyclamen loves cramped conditions, but in too large a pot it suffers, dies and refuses to bloom. Therefore, it is transplanted (or rather, rolled over with a clod of earth) no more than once every two years, and the pot is selected so that literally two or three centimeters of earth remain between the tuber and the wall. What can you do - there is no dispute about tastes!

Post transplant care

Cyclamen loves coolness and bright, but diffused light, so in no case put it on a south window, under direct sunlight. A cool eastern, western or even northern loggia, a temperature of + 15-19 degrees, not too dry air and regular watering are best for him.

A secret from connoisseurs: if you lower the temperature to + 8-12 degrees, cyclamen will bloom much longer, sometimes as much as six months in a row. Theoretically, in nature it can withstand up to -10, but such experiments are usually not welcomed at home, potted specimens.

And by the way, one more thing: cyclamens do not tolerate tobacco smoke. To whom to give a loggia, a flower or a smoker - decide for yourself.

Lighting and temperature

Watering

As for watering, there are also some nuances here. During the growth period, the soil should be constantly moist, but in no case should water fall on the growing point. If you flood the growth point, the petioles of the leaves will rot, and the plant may die.

Therefore, cyclamens, especially purple ones (those with a tuber entirely in the ground) are watered not from above, but gently along the edges of the pot, or even pour water into the pan so that it itself penetrates into the ground from below.

And of course, you should not arrange a shower for a Persian cyclamen sticking out of the ground - the plant will not appreciate this. But you can gently sprinkle the leaves with water from a spray bottle, because cyclamen really likes moist air.

Watering cyclamen: moderately along the edges of the pot or from below, through the pan.

top dressing

During the flowering period, cyclamen should be fed frequently, literally every two weeks, after waiting, however, a month after transplantation. (In the first month, the plant gets used to the new place and takes root, so it is not up to enhanced nutrition.)

The easiest way is to use dry or liquid complex fertilizers specifically for these flowers. But - attention! - This is only for the flowering period. Because as soon as cyclamen fades and begins to prepare for a new dormant period, all feeding should be stopped immediately, and watering should be reduced.

Put the pot in a dark, cool place (but not in the refrigerator!) And do not fuss around it - let it sleep. But still water occasionally.

Cyclamen leaves change color

If the leaves of cyclamen turn yellow, do not rush to get scared and save the unfortunate plant. Return to the key table: is your flower from the Persian region?

The fact is that in Persian cyclamen, the foliage dries up before the start of the dormant period, and this is normal. There remains one tuber, which winters quietly for itself. Tear off dry leaves, and he does not need anything else.

But if the purple cyclamen turned yellow, this is a signal: it’s too hot for him, just look, he will refuse to bloom. Give it some chill!

Sometimes brown spots and borders appear on the leaves. This is sunburn. The recipe is simple: urgently remove the plant from a sunny place.

gray bloom on cyclamen leaves

He talks about the appearance of gray rot, a dangerous fungal disease, which appears when the flower is watered too generously or poured over the whole thing along with the leaves.

Treatment: cut off damaged leaves, treat the plant with antifungal drugs and continue to water more carefully.

Here's everything you need to know about how to transplant cyclamen and wait for the appearance of delicate flowers on long legs. Dare! - and your cyclamen will certainly please you lush bloom in a new pot.

Alpine violet or dryakva is called differently. Flower growers love this plant for beautiful flowers and a variety of varieties. It can be grown, as well as at home, in a pot, and in open field. You can find cyclamen almost anywhere in the world. This is perennial, so if you properly care for it, then you can enjoy beautiful flowers from year to year.

In spite of a large number of, for growing at home, only two are most often used - these are Persian and European. The choice is made in their favor because they have beautiful bright inflorescences that appear even in winter.

How to plant - optimal conditions and time

A beautiful flower begins with proper fit . Most auspicious time for cultivation of violets the period from February to March is considered.

Attention! It is not necessary to plant in the apartment at this particular time, the seeds will sprout in any month.

What conditions do cyclamen need to delight you with flowers?

• The room should be well ventilated and be sufficiently bright and, ideally, sunny.
• The flower does not like drafts very much, but low temperatures he does not care, he feels great even at 11 degrees.
• One of the most important criteria beautiful plant is loose soil, so do not forget about it if you want to achieve results.
• A lot, she does not tolerate drought well. When the plant blooms, it is necessary to water more often, but it is worth making sure that there is no stagnation of water, as the roots may begin to rot.

It is important to prepare the soil that will be suitable for cyclamen. Since this plant loves air, the soil should be fairly loose. Easy enough to make.

We mix two parts of the steamed earth with one part of the Tulip soil mixture or something similar, add a little river soil so that the earth becomes less dense.

It is also necessary to choose a pot of the right size, it should not be very large so that the liquid does not stagnate, this will badly affect the roots of the plant.

The size of the pot depends on the age of the plant.:

• Small flowers need a pot with a diameter of up to six centimeters.
• If the cyclamen is a year and a half, then no more than eight centimeters.
• A plant older than three years - the diameter of the pot can be up to 15 centimeters.

Pot preparation:

1. Be sure to make a hole in the bottom of the pot.
2. Put pebbles or expanded clay down to avoid the formation of excess moisture.

When the pot and soil is ready, you can go directly to planting cyclamen. This is done easily. The main thing is to follow the sequence of actions.

How to plant cyclamen:

1. Seeds need to be prepared. Soak the seeds for about 10-12 hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or specialized preparations, such as Epin.
2. We make a furrow about a centimeter deep in the soil and water it abundantly.
3. Seeds need to be spread out at a distance of three centimeters from each other.
4. Sprinkle with earth on top, cover with a jar or film.

While maintaining a favorable temperature regime(about 20 degrees) the seeds germinate in about a month or two.

Now that the first green shoots have appeared, you need to move the flower to a well-lit place and remove the film. But you must try to avoid direct sunlight. As soon as a couple of leaves appear, you can transplant the seedlings into pots. 2-3 pieces in each, completely covering the tubers with earth.

After about six months, you can transplant the flowers into larger pots., but at the same time they need to be dropped only by 2/3. It is very important that the soil is loose, success depends on it.

How to plant at home?

Post transplant care

You need to understand that even if you transplanted the plant correctly, but did not provide proper care after, then the fragile flower may die or.

As already mentioned, watering is very important for cyclamen, especially when it blooms (read how to properly water cyclamen). It is best if you water through the pan, that is, pour some water in a saucer, but if for some reason watering is from above, then try not to touch the tuber and pour water from the side, carefully observing that there is no stagnation of water.

The plant will thank you if the air around is well humidified., arm yourself with a spray gun and spray around the pot without getting on the leaves.

Do not neglect fertilizers, especially during the growing season, they recommend about 2 times a month. Liquid fertilizers are best suited for cyclamen. You can use the same as when landing. To enrich the soil, half a cap is enough, you need to add them to two liters of water and let it brew. It is advisable to use warm water. It is worth fertilizing the soil after transplantation no earlier than the first sprouts appear.

Advice! Choose fertilizers that do not contain chlorine or its content is minimal, because mineral salts can harm cyclamen.

More about secrets proper care for cyclamen at home, you can find out.
Thus, we can say that, following simple rules, you can easily and quickly grow cyclamen, which will delight you with beautiful flowers for a long time.

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