Poisoning at 20 weeks of gestation. Food poisoning during pregnancy. Daily routine and diet help to cope with severe intoxication

18.09.2020

Food poisoning is one of the most common reasons for seeking emergency care. Moreover, only more or less severe cases are subject to accounting. And how many people do not go to doctors, preferring to solve the problem on their own?! But it is one thing if you endanger only yourself, and quite another when you are responsible for the life and health of an unborn child. But food poisoning during pregnancy is a big risk not only for the mother, but also for her baby, connected to the mother by one umbilical cord.

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ICD-10 code

A05 Other bacterial food poisoning

Epidemiology

Food poisoning with toxins is one of the most common pathologies, and the bulk of poisoning during pregnancy occurs through the fault of the woman herself (the use of suspicious foods, including mushrooms, unwashed fruits and berries, non-compliance with hygiene requirements, etc.). This is not only a problem for pregnant women, but they bear the greatest responsibility.

In the first place among toxic infections are poisoning with meat and dairy products (staphylococci), in the second place - fish and egg poisoning (staphylococcus, salmonella), as well as mushroom poisoning, and in the third - fruits and vegetables. You can become infected with botulism through the use of poor-quality preservation (in particular, canned meat and fish). But seafood can cause non-bacterial types of poisoning.

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Causes of food poisoning during pregnancy

The expectant mother should eat well, because her body now works for two. In the diet of a pregnant woman must be dairy and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, fish, meat and other useful in terms of nutritional value products. But will all the foods she eats turn out to be useful, because food poisoning, both during pregnancy and in other periods, can even cause dishes that are familiar to us if they are stored incorrectly.

Yes, most common cause food poisoning during pregnancy is failure to meet the deadlines and temperature regime when storing various foodstuffs. Initially, the products may have been of good quality, but their improper storage could lead to product spoilage, the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in it, causing intestinal disorders, and the accumulation of toxic substances formed during the life of the same pathogenic microorganisms.

The second reason for food poisoning is the use of potentially dangerous foods, such as mushrooms, fish, meat, custard or protein cream, canned food, cottage cheese, etc. For example, the health safety of mushrooms is determined not only by their type, but also by the place where they grow. Collected near roads, within the boundaries of industrial cities, in the immediate vicinity of landfills and sedimentation tanks, in radiation hazardous areas, mushrooms are dangerous not only for human health, but often for human life, being the strongest source of intoxication or radiation.

Fresh meat and fish can initially be a source of a bacterial infection, and even after exposure to high temperatures, it will leave a trace in the form of toxins, which are unlikely to be removed by boiling or by other means.

As for the creams used in confectionery, the violation of the technology of their preparation leads to premature spoilage of the sweet product. So when buying cakes or pastries with a normal shelf life, there is still a chance to purchase a low-quality product that so attracts children and pregnant women with their sometimes irrepressible desire to eat something delicious. Yes, and at home, the preparation of the cream is not always subject to strict control by the "cook".

With canned goods, the situation is different. High prices for products significantly reduce demand for them, and dishonest manufacturers, distributors or sellers simply interrupt dates on stale goods. By purchasing goods with a fake expiration date, the expectant mother, of course, risks her health and the health of the unborn child.

And even buying quality goods with normal terms, you can easily get poisoned if you do not follow the storage conditions for open preservation. We also risk if, after opening the canned food, we leave it to be stored in a tin can.

Risk factors

Well, let's sum it up. Risk factors for food poisoning can be considered the use of the following foods, which under certain conditions are fertile ground for the reproduction of bacteria:

Milk, dairy and sour-milk products, especially cottage cheese, the poisoning of which is considered one of the most severe food poisoning, especially dangerous during pregnancy.
Pastries with cream, cream prepared at home.
Fresh meat and fish, as well as dishes prepared from them even after heat treatment.
Sausage products with improper storage.
Meat broths, soups, borscht, fish soup, which are stored without a refrigerator (or in the cold for a long time).
Salads and vinaigrettes, especially if they have already been seasoned with mayonnaise or sour cream.
Preservation (mold in a jar, swollen lids indicate spoilage of the product), canned fish, especially those that have almost expired.
Berries, some types of vegetables and fruits if not stored properly.

Risk, of course, is a noble cause, but not in this situation when it comes to the health of present and future generations.

Pathogenesis

The development of symptoms of intoxication during food poisoning, including during pregnancy, occurs under the influence of one or more negative factors, united by the common name - toxins.

Based on the pathogenesis, food poisoning can be divided into:

Bacterial (microbial), when the product enters the body already with a certain type of bacteria (Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Clostridium botulism, Clostridium perfringens, and other less common infections), which release toxins during their life. By the way, the bacteria themselves may not be there at the time of eating, but the toxins will not go anywhere.
Non-bacterial (non-microbial), if the product contains toxins from the very beginning (potentially poisonous products), received them from outside, or toxic compounds formed as a result of a violation of cooking technology.

Toxic contamination of products depends on the type of infection. So, staphylococci produce enterotoxin, salmonella secretes TTSS-1 toxin, which is dangerous even for itself, clostridium botulism forms spores and produces the strongest and very dangerous exotoxin for humans, clostridium perfringens also forms spores and alpha toxin.

The most common is still considered a staphylococcal infection. At the same time, products infected with it do not differ in taste, smell and color from ordinary ones that are not infected. Bacteria are quite resistant to aggressive factors: they withstand high concentrations of sugar and salt, and die at temperatures not lower than 80 degrees. Its toxin is even more resistant to temperature. Enterotoxin is destroyed if the product is boiled at 100 degrees for at least 1.5 or even 2 hours.

Enterotoxin, starting to act already in the stomach, is able to increase gastrointestinal motility, which leads to vomiting and diarrhea, negatively affects the functioning of the cardiovascular system, greatly reducing blood pressure.

Salmonella is able to secrete the TTSS-1 toxin, which kills competitors, some of the bacteria themselves and adversely affects the digestive tract, causing inflammation of the intestines and other pathologies.

Alpha-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens damages the intestinal mucosa, impairs the absorption of nutrients, penetrates into other organs and leads to damage to the vascular wall, liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs.

Botulinum toxin does not withstand high heat, but Clostridium botulism spores die only after 5 hours of boiling. Exotoxin is not subject to destruction by digestive enzymes, its absorption occurs both in the stomach and in the intestine, followed by distribution throughout the body. The cholinergic sections of the central nervous system are especially affected, stopping the process of producing acetylcholine in which leads to paralysis of various muscles.

Symptoms of food poisoning during pregnancy

The general symptoms of food poisoning during pregnancy are no different from the manifestations of the disease in other periods of a woman's life. Only there is a high probability not to immediately recognize the disease, taking food poisoning for banal toxicosis in the early or later dates pregnancy.

The main symptoms or early signs of food poisoning, listed in the order in which they appear:

nausea followed by vomiting,
stomach pain, cramps and colic
the appearance of dyspeptic phenomena: bloating, belching of rotten eggs in healthy person,
diarrhea.

The appearance of the above symptoms may be accompanied by chills, fever (with severe poisoning to critical values), general malaise (weakness and dizziness, up to fainting, a decrease in blood pressure, sometimes headaches).

Symptoms will largely depend on the severity of the poisoning. Food poisoning during pregnancy, especially on early dates, occurring in a mild form, is often confused with manifestations early toxicosis. Mild poisoning often occurs with an incomplete symptomatic picture. One or two symptoms may be absent, such as vomiting, belching, fever, diarrhea. The pressure usually remains normal.

Unlike food poisoning, toxemia is not associated with food intake, although nausea is often triggered by the taste, sight, or smell of food. Toxicosis is characterized by attacks of morning vomiting, while diarrhea and fever are not observed.

The condition is unstable with recurring periods of improvement and deterioration of well-being, while in case of poisoning the malaise is prolonged.

The onset of toxicosis cannot be called sudden, the symptoms increase gradually over several days. And poisoning, on the contrary, is characterized by suddenness. And, despite the fact that the first signs can appear both after half an hour or an hour, and several days after eating poor-quality food (it all depends on the incubation period of a certain type of bacterial infection), multiple symptoms actually occur one after another within a few hours.

In late pregnancy, and especially before childbirth, the picture changes in the opposite direction. Some women experience vomiting, loose stools, and headaches on the eve of childbirth, which resembles the symptoms of poisoning. It is very important to distinguish between these two conditions by seeking help from specialists. After all, the treatment of non-existent poisoning is no less dangerous for a pregnant woman and fetus than the absence of appropriate treatment, if poisoning does occur.

stages

Any food poisoning goes through the following clinical stages in its development:

Latent period. It can also be called a latent, asymptomatic or even incubation period for the development of the pathological process. It lasts from the moment of eating poor-quality food until the appearance of complete clinical picture pathology.

This stage is considered optimal for starting therapeutic measures, since toxins have not yet entered the bloodstream, and intoxication of the whole organism has not begun.

The toxicogenic period or the period of extended symptoms, in which the main symptoms of poisoning come to the fore. It begins with the appearance of signs of poisoning and ends with the removal of bacteria and harmful toxins from the body.
The period of late complications. Toxins and bacteria are removed from the body, but the pathological processes launched by them in various organs and systems of the body are in the stage of active development.
The recovery period (aka the recovalescence period). The longest period when the body slowly recovers after toxic exposure with the treatment of its consequences, which often make themselves felt for many years.

The greatest danger to mother and fetus during pregnancy food poisoning is the second toxicogenic stage, which causes the largest number complications, in some cases reminiscent of themselves throughout life. Therefore, it is so important to seek help as early as possible, while the poison has not yet begun its destructive effect.

At the slightest suspicion of poisoning, a pregnant woman should immediately contact a medical facility, where she will be provided with the necessary assistance. In order to expedite the process by prescribing an effective treatment, it is important to presumptively indicate which product could cause such a condition.

Forms

All food poisoning that occurs during pregnancy or at other times can be divided into:

Bacterial food poisoning (both bacteria and their toxins have a negative effect): salmonellosis, staphylococcal food poisoning, botulism, toxic infections caused by Clostridium perfringens, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea, necrotizing enteritis, etc.
Food poisoning of a non-bacterial nature (the poisoning effect of toxins without an infectious agent): poisoning with mushrooms, berries, herbs, solanine (a mixture of toxins that form under the skin of a green or sprouted potato), fruits and vegetables grown in ecologically disadvantaged areas, etc.
Poisoning of unknown etiology.

A separate subspecies of non-bacterial poisoning can be considered poisoning by certain varieties of fish, seafood and food additives to them. The appearance of poisons in the meat of mackerel fish, cyagutera, black mussels, scallops is associated with their food preferences. These poisons act differently on humans. Some can cause some kind of allergic reaction, others have a nerve-paralytic effect and disrupt the work. digestive system.

Food additives often used in Chinese restaurants can cause an allergic reaction, accompanied by intestinal disorders, for an organism unaccustomed to such food.

Most often, from the complaints of pregnant women, one can learn about poisoning with dairy products, fish, meat, sausages, creams, compotes, as well as other products due to improper storage.

The latter is especially true in summer period when food spoils very quickly. Hence the fairly frequent cases of watermelon poisoning during pregnancy. Under the influence of heat in the sweet berry, fermentation processes begin quite quickly, causing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. It is worth lying down in a warm watermelon for a couple of hours and there is a high probability of getting food poisoning.

It must be remembered that during pregnancy any type of food poisoning is considered dangerous. Bacterial and toxic effects on the mother's body pose a great threat to the fetus, both in terms of the course of pregnancy and the sense of a high probability of abnormalities in the development of an unborn baby.

Watermelon poisoning can be attributed to both bacterial and non-microbial toxicosis. After all, it can be caused both by bacteria that appeared as a result of spoilage of the product, and the presence of harmful substances in the composition of the product - nitrates coming from fertilizers.

Another fairly common type of poisoning during pregnancy is fish and seafood poisoning, most often due to improper storage.

Fish - easily digestible and very useful product food that can be prepared in a variety of ways, including salting, smoking and drying. It is in the latter methods of preparation that the whole danger of catching botulism or the same salmonellosis lies, which is fraught with a miscarriage. Not to mention Chinese delicacies in the form of fresh fish.

And even if the fish is subjected to prolonged heat treatment, but then stored in inappropriate conditions, fertile ground is created for the reproduction of a bacterial infection, which subsequently becomes the cause of food poisoning.

But the most dangerous case of toxic effects on the body during pregnancy is mushroom poisoning, which, fortunately, is not so rare. Nevertheless, mothers, in anticipation of the appearance of the baby, become more careful in choosing foods and dishes that are both a source of vitality for her and the child.

Very rare cases of poisoning poisonous mushrooms fraught with serious consequences for both, and in some cases fatal for the pregnant woman and her baby. Non-poisonous mushroom effect different reasons accumulated toxins that penetrate the placenta will also leave their mark, provoking a miscarriage, premature birth in a woman or developmental pathology in her child.

Among other things, mushrooms are considered a heavy food, which itself can provoke intoxication due to the slow passage through the digestive tract with the formation of toxins.

During pregnancy, food poisoning with berries and herbs often occurs. In such a delicate time, many prefer herbal medicine, considering plants less safe for the unborn baby than synthetic drugs. All this is true, but not all medicinal herbs are so harmless. Take, for example, a wolf's bast, dope, celandine, immortelle, larkspur, wrestler, etc.

Some plants and their fruits are not poisonous (such as black elderberry), but it is better to refrain from using drugs during pregnancy. traditional medicine and drinks based on them.

So before brewing a medicinal infusion, you need to consult a doctor about the possibility of using such a medicine and its safe dosage.

Complications and consequences

The consequences and complications of food poisoning usually appear during pregnancy, but they can remind of themselves for many years to come. Moreover, the risk to the fetus in case of mushroom poisoning often significantly exceeds the likelihood of developing a severe pathology or death in a woman.

Severe food poisoning during pregnancy in its early stages is fraught with abortion (spontaneous miscarriage), delayed physical and mental development of the fetus due to dehydration, impaired blood composition and weakening of cardiac activity (drop in blood pressure), causing fetal hypoxia. The consequence of food poisoning can be the fading of pregnancy in the early and middle stages.

If serious food poisoning has occurred in the later stages, there is no less reason to worry. Intoxication can cause premature birth, cause placental insufficiency, dangerous to the life and health of the child, developmental pathologies, manifested in a mismatch in weight, height and overall development of the baby due date pregnancy.

This is not to say that food poisoning will not affect the woman herself in any way. But here the dependence of the consequences on the type of bacterial infection and the severity of poisoning is already clearly visible.

Particularly severe food poisoning during pregnancy, causing intoxication of the mother and fetus due to the passage of toxins through the placental barrier, doctors consider poisoning with poisonous mushrooms.

Bacteria from the genus Clostridium cause especially severe consequences in the form of botulism, characterized by paralysis of the respiratory system, or necrotic enteritis, in which the mucous membrane of the small intestine dies. Both diseases are considered life-threatening. The lethal outcome in both cases is about 30%.

Dangerous complications of food poisoning are infectious-toxic shock requiring emergency care, various circulatory disorders (there is a risk of myocardial infarction and the development of cerebral ischemia), pneumonia, and acute renal failure.

But the danger is not only bacteria and toxins. Diarrhea and vomiting with any food poisoning invariably lead to dehydration of the body to one degree or another. As a result, the risk of thrombosis due to blood clotting increases.

Along with the loss of fluid in the body, an active process of loss of salts and minerals occurs. As a result, the water-salt balance is disturbed, the expectant mother loses the vitamins and minerals necessary for the normal development of the child.

The loss of fluid leads to a decrease in the volume of circulating blood and an increase in the concentration of oxytocin in it, the hormone responsible for uterine contractions, which poses a threat of preterm labor.

It is worth saying that if the process of intoxication is captured at the very beginning, when toxic substances have not yet spread with the blood throughout the body, and all measures are taken to remove poisons from the body, various complications that involve not only the digestive system can be avoided. Otherwise, the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory systems, and first of all the main filter of the body - the liver, may suffer.

Diagnosis of food poisoning during pregnancy

The health and life of not one person, but two at once, depend on the timeliness and correctness of the diagnosis of food poisoning during pregnancy. Assuming such responsibility, the doctor must not only make an accurate verdict, but also try to reduce the negative consequences of food poisoning as much as possible by prescribing an effective and safe treatment for the unborn child.

The main areas of diagnosis of food poisoning during pregnancy are:

collecting an anamnesis with the study of patient complaints,
laboratory research.

With the first point, everything seems to be clear. What did you eat, at what time, when did the first symptoms appear, how is the situation at the time of seeking help, etc. The answers to these questions will help to recreate the alleged picture of poisoning without specifying the pathogen. To combat mild to moderate intoxication, this would seem to be enough. But in severe cases and if an intestinal infection is suspected, additional studies are required.

In any case, laboratory tests will help clarify the picture:

general blood analysis
blood biochemistry
general urine analysis
scatological studies of feces, including bakposevy to determine the pathogen and to identify possible violations of the intestinal microflora. They will also help evaluate the efficiency of the digestive system, in particular the process of digesting food.

General and biochemical blood tests, as well as urinalysis are carried out in order to detect possible inflammatory process, disturbances in the work of the liver, kidneys and other organs and systems of the body, which are determined in laboratory studies.

The help of instrumental diagnostics for food poisoning is not always resorted to. However, in some cases, the doctor may prescribe an abdominal ultrasound and retromanoscopy (examination of the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon) to the expectant mother.

If there is every reason to suspect botulism, electromyography is prescribed to determine the likelihood of developing severe complications.

In mild cases, diagnosis in a medical facility by a medical specialist may not be necessary. The symptoms of food poisoning are quite obvious, and if there is also a reason to suspect it, the issue is resolved by itself.

Mushroom poisoning during pregnancy is a special case, requiring a mandatory examination by a doctor and immediate therapy until the toxins reach the fetus.

You should also seek medical help if you experience symptoms such as breathing and speech disorders, eyelid heaviness, rare urination some time after eating. Also considered suspicious symptoms are: diarrhea for more than 1 day, a yellow tint of the skin and whites of the eyes, the appearance of rashes, swelling in the joints, signs of dehydration (too dry skin, cracked lips, sunken eyes, scant urine or its absence).

Differential Diagnosis

The need for differential diagnosis in food poisoning stems from the similarity of the symptoms of intoxication with other pathologies. However, some diseases are not even related to the work of the digestive system.

Symptoms similar to food poisoning are observed in acute appendicitis: constant pain in the lower abdomen with right side, aggravated during walking, bending over, coughing, fever some time after the onset of pain, stool with diarrhea is not watery, but in the form of slurry, vomiting is possible. A blood test shows an elevated level of neutrophilic leukocytes.

Colic in the abdomen, vomiting, bloating due to increased gas formation, fever and diarrhea can also be observed with mesenteric thrombosis that develops against the background of intestinal ischemia. But the stool is characterized by alternating constipation and diarrhea, in the feces there is often an admixture of blood.

Food poisoning during pregnancy may resemble manifestations of acute cholecystitis or cholecystopancreatitis. Colic in the abdomen, vomiting, chills resemble poisoning, but diarrhea is most often absent, and the pain is localized in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the back.

Food poisoning must also be differentiated from the manifestations of diabetes mellitus, cholera, shigellosis, acetonymic ketosis, and other pathologies.

Some symptoms resembling poisoning in pregnant women can be observed on the eve of childbirth. And here, too, it is very important not to make a mistake.

Treatment of food poisoning during pregnancy

Intoxications due to the use of poor-quality food in the bulk of cases are treated at home. Hospitalization may be required only in severe cases.

The effectiveness of the treatment of any food poisoning primarily depends on the time of onset of therapeutic actions. Hanging around here is more expensive. But you shouldn't overdo it either.

So during pregnancy, you should not rush to wash the stomach if symptoms of food poisoning appear. In the presence of vomiting and diarrhea, harmful substances will leave the body themselves, the main thing is not to stop the above symptoms if their manifestation is not excessive.

Sorbent preparations will help reduce intoxication of the body. The most popular and affordable of them is activated carbon, however, to achieve positive effect you need to drink a decent amount of it (the recommended dose is 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's weight).

Any other drugs that have the ability to bind and remove toxic substances from the body are also suitable: Enterosgel, White Coal, Polysorb, as well as antidiarrheal drugs with adsorbing and regulating intestinal microflora properties Smecta and Enterol.

"Enterosgel"- enterosorbent in the form of a paste, packaged in packs and tubes. Effective for poisoning and intestinal infections. You need to take the drug in the amount of 1 sachet or 1 ½ tbsp. l., designed for one reception. The frequency of taking the drug - 3 times a day. The drug should be taken one to two hours before or after meals with water. The therapeutic course is usually 3-5 days.

The drug is not prescribed for intestinal atony and in case of individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Against the background of taking Enterosgel, nausea and constipation may occur.

Enterosorbent "Polysorb" produced in the form of a powder in sachets or jars. The powder is diluted in a quarter or half a glass of water before use. The dosage of the drug depends on the weight of the patient and is determined at the rate of 0.1-0.2 g per 1 kg of the patient's body weight per day. It is recommended to take the drug 3 or 4 times a day 1 hour before meals or medications. On average, a single dose of the drug corresponds to 1 sachet (3 g) or 1 tbsp. l. with a hill.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are ulcerative lesions and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal atony, hypersensitivity to the drug. Taking the drug may be accompanied by allergic reactions or constipation.

"Smekta"- antidiarrheal drug in the form of a powder with an orange and vanilla aroma. It is taken as part of complex therapy for severe diarrhea caused by an intestinal infection or the use of poor-quality food.

Suspension for oral administration is prepared by dissolving the contents of 3-6 packets in 0.5 cups of water. The daily dose is drunk in 3 doses. Therapeutic course - from 3 days to a week.

The drug is not prescribed for intestinal obstruction, fructose intolerance, individual sensitivity to the components of the drug.

For the treatment of diarrhea, it is enough to take 1-2 capsules of the drug 2 times a day for 3-5 days.

Pregnancy is not a contraindication to taking the drug, but consultation with a doctor in this case is required.

Diarrhea and vomiting during food poisoning contribute to the rapid loss of fluid and the onset of dehydration, which is especially dangerous during pregnancy. Among other things, minerals, so necessary for the fetus, also leave with the water.

Mineral non-carbonated water is suitable for replenishing the supply of liquid, as well as special preparations "Gidrovit", "Regidron", "Normogidron" and others. But vitamins and vitamin-mineral complexes for pregnant women will replenish the useful substances lost with the liquid.

Antibiotics for bacterial poisoning are prescribed very rarely., except in severe cases of botulism or salmonellosis. Sometimes they are used to treat persistent diarrhea and vomiting. But the selection of drugs during pregnancy is more thorough than usual, because we are talking about the safety of a new life ripening in the womb of a woman.

Alternative treatment and homeopathy

When it comes to non-traditional treatment of food poisoning during pregnancy, you need to understand that it is effective only in mild stages of the pathology. In difficult situations folk treatment applicable only in conjunction with drug therapy.

And yet, traditional medicine recipes can greatly alleviate the condition of the future mother.

To eliminate nausea, dill decoction is perfect (1.tsp herbs per glass of water, boil for a quarter of an hour), which should be drunk 30 minutes before meals in the amount of ½ cup, adding half a tablespoon of honey.

High-quality black tea mixed with toast made from black bread will help to neutralize any toxins without medicines. For the same purpose, pharmaceutical powder of their seaweed is added to food.

The juice of 3 lemons with sugar will help to quickly deal with most symptoms of food poisoning. It will also prevent the spread of the infectious process in the intestines.

Herbal treatment comes down to drinking tea based on chamomile, mint, flowers and marshmallow leaves. Teas in the early days can replace other food, giving rest to the exhausted stomach and intestines.

But to start the treatment of food poisoning during pregnancy, when it is undesirable to wash the stomach or induce vomiting on your own because of the threat of miscarriage, it is better with the help of homeopathic preparations. An important condition for this is consultation with a homeopathic doctor and compliance with all his instructions regarding the dosage and method of using the drugs.

For any food poisoning, accompanied by spastic pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, belching, chills, Nux Vomica will be useful.

If poisoning with meat or fish is accompanied by weakness and diarrhea, you can resort to the help of the homeopathic preparation Arsenicum album.

When poisoning with meat, fish and seafood, accompanied by a feeling of heat or cold inside, you can take Carbo vegetalis or Pulsatilla. The latter is effective in poisoning with fatty foods, if the diarrhea has a different color and texture.

Careful selection of food. You can’t buy them in spontaneous markets; when buying, you need to pay attention to appearance product, smell, date of production, terms and conditions of storage.
Compliance with hygiene requirements. Hands should be washed not only before eating and after visiting public places, but also before preparing food.
Proper food storage. Compliance with the temperature regime and the permissible neighborhood. Raw food should not be stored with cooked food. Outside the cold, you can store ready-made dishes for no more than 2 hours.
Cooking. Try to thoroughly heat most products whenever possible.
Maintaining cleanliness in the living room and especially in the room for cooking and eating.
Food safety. Refrain from eating potentially dangerous foods (dried fish, mushrooms, etc.).

Throughout the time that a woman is carrying a baby, she should be especially attentive to her body. Poisoning during pregnancy is a serious threat to both the health of the mother and the child. What to do in such cases, the expectant mother?

The article will discuss what exactly needs to be done in case of poisoning during early or late pregnancy, how this disease can and should be treated, being in such a special position.

Foods to Avoid

For the healthy development of the baby, it is very important for the mother to eat properly and balanced. Turning to a doctor or to specialized literature, a woman in most cases receives information about what products it is desirable to use and in what quantity. But at the same time, in no case should one forget about the quality of these same products, since spoiled food can cause irreparable harm to the unborn child of a pregnant woman.

On TV, you can often see reports about how dishonest food sellers act by changing the expiration date on their goods, which in fact should be written off. That is why if you have even the slightest doubt about the quality of this or that edible, it is better to refuse to buy it.

Of course, any food can be poisoned if consumed spoiled. But some food industry products need to be given special attention due to the fact that they are more likely to form toxins and pathogenic bacteria. These are, first of all, sausages and various meat products, as well as dairy and sour-milk products.

In addition, you should beware of canned food and salads dressed with mayonnaise sauce. Mushrooms and dishes from them are considered the most dangerous, because the defeat of poisonous mushrooms is the most severe, with the most terrible consequences, up to death.

Which bacteria are the most dangerous

Most often, people are exposed to such harmful bacteria as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus and E. coli. More serious pests are Listeria, Salmonella and Campylobacter.

Salmonella bacteria are ingested through foods such as raw eggs, meat, or unpasteurized milk. The child in the mother's abdomen cannot be harmed by such an infection, but the woman herself will suffer from diarrhea and vomiting. To avoid infection with this bacterium, you should not get carried away with homemade mayonnaise, soft-boiled eggs. Meat dishes, especially poultry, should also be properly cooked.

Infection with listeria is rare, but listeriosis is very dangerous, as it can provoke disruptions in the development of an unborn baby, and with listeriosis, such a terrible consequence of an illness as a miscarriage is possible. Avoid cold foods, raw milk, smoked fish, blue cheese, and some types of soft cheeses while carrying a baby.

It is best to avoid eating pâté. The food needs to be warmed up well. Do not leave food in warm long time, put them in the refrigerator or cellar. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.

Compilobacteria live in raw meat, milk or meat products that have not been cooked properly, insufficiently purified water. To avoid infection with these bacteria, you need to follow the well-known rules of hygiene.

Signs of the disease

In principle, the symptoms that signal food poisoning during pregnancy do not differ from the external signs that accompany an ordinary person who has been poisoned by poor-quality food. If this is a mild intoxication, then the following unpleasant manifestations of the disease are possible:

loss of appetite;
there is heaviness and discomfort in the abdomen;
nausea occurs, there may be vomiting;
bloating and diarrhea are also possible.

If the intoxication is serious, then the following are not excluded:

very high body temperature, sometimes up to 39 ° C;
dizzy;
there is severe pain in the abdomen;
aches all over the body, loss of strength.

Consequences of food intoxication in pregnant women

With the usual food poisoning that occurs during pregnancy, the main danger is that it results in vomiting, diarrhea, and this leads to dehydration. Due to dehydration, the blood thickens, a phenomenon such as the formation of blood clots in the vessels is possible. They are especially dangerous for women suffering from varicose veins.

AT thick blood there is an increase in oxytocin, and this hormone can stimulate contractile processes, the consequences of which are miscarriage (if poisoning occurred during early pregnancy) or premature birth (late).

Flaw useful substances lost due to vomiting and diarrhea, of course, does not benefit either the mother or the unborn child, for whose development they are extremely important.

In the case when intoxication is very serious, for example, from the use of mushrooms, toxic toxins penetrate the placenta into the body of the unborn baby and can harm him very much.

But fortunately, mushroom poisoning is rare. But basically, when eating low-quality food, only an intestinal infection enters the body, which cannot affect the development of crumbs in the mother's tummy.

What is the best way to be treated

How to treat poisoning during pregnancy depends on its degree. If the patient is feeling very bad, you should immediately call an ambulance without any delay. The patient will be placed in a hospital, where intensive recovery and cleansing of the infection using a dropper will be carried out in a hospital setting.

With a mild form of intoxication, treatment is usually standard. Only in the case of a pregnant woman, it is worth remembering that for her this same intoxication, as well as loss of water, is much more serious than for an ordinary person. Therefore, it is necessary to take active measures aimed at combating the infection as early as possible.

If there was a poisoning with some product during pregnancy, what should be done at home? You can wash your stomach. But if you know that you may be at risk of bleeding or worse than that- miscarriage, washing is categorically unacceptable!

It will be better if you wait until your stomach gets rid of the poisons naturally. After that, use sorbents, such as activated charcoal. Such medicines will absorb harmful poisons and bring them out.

After stopping vomiting, you need to drink a lot, because your body has lost a large amount of fluid. Boiled water or a special mineral solution that can be bought at a pharmacy is best suited for this. Drink little and often liquids until symptoms such as dry mouth and persistent thirst are gone.

To combat diarrhea, you should choose a remedy that will not harm the unborn baby. In some medicines, the sodium bicarbonate they contain can cause significant harm to the health of the child.

Video: indigestion in pregnant women.

Nutrition during recovery

Not only medicines that help to overcome the disease are important, but also the right diet, which restores strength and puts the stomach in order.

What can pregnant women in case of poisoning? For the first time after removing toxins, it is good to drink a cup of sweet strong tea. Also useful low-fat broth, vegetable puree soup, dried bread or wheat crackers, oatmeal and rice porridge on the water.

A woman expecting a baby is categorically contraindicated in starvation, even in the period after poisoning, since the growing and developing fetus is in dire need of nutrients.

For some time, you need to give up raw vegetables and fruits, fish and meat dishes until complete recovery. Lean meat and fish can be eaten about a week after the woman's condition improves.

Also, after recovery, it will be useful to drink some kind of vitamin complex.

A doctor's consultation is necessary in any case, both during the illness itself in matters of treatment, and after recovery, when choosing a diet and means of restoring strength, because the articles you read on the Internet provide only informational information. Nevertheless, the help of a specialist should not be neglected.

Indeed, in fact, the method of treatment and the selection of drugs depends on many factors, for example, in the first trimester of pregnancy, the doctor may prescribe some drugs, and in the second trimester or third trimester - completely different. In addition, the specialist will take into account all the individual characteristics of your body and in the best way will be able to choose the right treatment complex that is right for you.

The female body, affected by the use of low-quality food, can quickly recover. Cases of intoxication during pregnancy are especially dangerous. To help the expectant mother recover, you need to know what pregnant women can eat in case of poisoning, and what is absolutely impossible. It should also be noted that in this situation not all drugs are prohibited, some drugs can and should be taken during pregnancy. Usually, alarming symptoms appear at least 30 minutes after eating low-quality foods. Often the problem of poisoning is accompanied by debilitating nausea, intense salivation, chills, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, weakness and dizziness.

Poisoning during pregnancy

Dangerous products

According to toxicologists, rapidly perishable sweets, dairy products, meat, semi-finished meat products and all kinds of canned food pose a great danger to pregnant women. It is worth being wary of such food due to the content of bacteria and other pathogenic objects in it. As soon as the product expires or the right conditions its storage, intensive reproduction of harmful microorganisms starts. Spoiled food is so toxic that it can cause severe poisoning with damage to the nervous system. The named products do not end with an extensive list of potentially dangerous species food. Also at risk are eggs, jelly, salads dressed with mayonnaise, fish, ice cream, berries, fruits and a number of seafood, such as oysters, shrimp, squid and mussels.

Expectant mothers should pay special attention to mushrooms and watermelons. Mushrooms can be harmful, as in some cases they quickly transfer accumulated toxic substances to the body. In the worst case, the death of a person who has consumed poisonous mushrooms occurs. Everyone's favorite watermelons can also be unsafe, as they can quickly deteriorate. Once the berry is cut, it must be kept in a refrigerator, as after two hours it may become unusable. It is advisable to purchase watermelons no earlier than the month of September. Pregnant women should exclude watermelon from the diet or eat them with caution, since if poisoned, there is a risk of premature birth.

Preparations

If symptoms of food poisoning are noticed, it is necessary to immediately take the pregnant woman to the hospital or call an ambulance. While waiting for a doctor's examination, you can drink water, and it will not be superfluous to use the Regidron drug. This powder, designed to dissolve in water, is able to keep the balance of water and salt within the normal range. This medication is not contraindicated in pregnant women.

In addition to supplying the body with water, it is necessary to use sorbents that contribute to the speedy displacement of toxic substances. When choosing sorbents for pregnant women, you should pay attention to the proven Activated Carbon preparation. You can buy Polysorb, Enterosgel or similar harmless products at the pharmacy. Antibacterial drugs are usually not recommended for treatment, they are appropriate only in the most severe cases.

At any stage of pregnancy, diarrhea medications should be carefully selected, since the content of sodium bicarbonate in some products can have an extremely negative effect on health. A popular medication for alleviating diarrhea is Loperamide. Fortunately, it is safe for pregnant women and is sold without a prescription.

Proper nutrition

In a state of intoxication, sweet tea of considerable strength, low-fat broth, vegetable puree soups, wheat croutons, oatmeal or rice boiled in water are harmless. We will have to temporarily exclude raw vegetables and fruits, fish and all types of meat from the diet. Low-fat varieties fish and meat are appropriate only when relief comes, after about a week. It is impossible to say unequivocally what is possible for pregnant women in case of poisoning, since this is best known to the specialist conducting the examination and treatment. Only general recommendations are given here. In fact, in each case, the diet will be different, it is best to discuss the restorative nutrition system in detail with your doctor.

Poisoning during pregnancy: requires immediate medical attention, adherence to certain limits in nutrition and the use of permitted medicines

What causes poisoning during pregnancy?

The most common food provocateurs are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. It turns out that there are more dangerous pathogens. It is necessary to discuss the action of other bacteria that pose a threat to health.

Salmonella

Harmful bacteria enter the body through raw meat, unpasteurized milk, or raw eggs. Such poisoning is unable to harm the fetus, but significantly spoils the life of a pregnant woman, causing diarrhea and vomiting. To exclude salmonella infection, homemade mayonnaise and soft-boiled eggs should be abandoned. Meat of any kind, especially poultry, must be properly thermally processed.

Campylobacter

The habitat of this type of pathogens is raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk, untreated or poorly purified water. Simple preventive measures will help to avoid infection. These include frequent hand washing with soap and separate storage of raw and prepared foods. It is also recommended to keep cutting surfaces, towels and the entire kitchen in perfect cleanliness, properly cook meat, and prevent water from entering the mouth when swimming in any water bodies.

Listeria

Infection with such bacteria is diagnosed as a rare but dangerous disease listeriosis. Pathology can cause serious disruptions in the development of a child, provoke his death or miscarriage. The entry of harmful microorganisms into the body is carried out through the use of chilled foods, moldy types of cheese, chopped smoked fish and unpasteurized milk. For the sake of maintaining health, it is better for pregnant women to abandon moldy and soft cheeses. For example, cheese varieties are dangerous: Gorgonzola, Brie, Roquefort, Camembert and Goat. Future mother it is not useful to use pate. If you need to drink milk, let it be a sterilized or pasteurized product. Any food is best warmed up as much as possible before consumption. Products that cause the slightest doubt or have survived their expiration date should never be eaten. All food should be kept in the refrigerator. Fruits and vegetables of any origin must be washed without fail.

Relatives and other close people must clearly know what pregnant women can eat in case of poisoning, and what will have to be excluded. In all cases of poisoning, you must see a doctor, pass all the necessary tests and strictly follow the instructions.

Poisoning during pregnancy is dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. The placenta is not able to protect the baby from all the toxins that enter the woman's body along with expired products, household poisons. Therefore, it is important to observe preventive measures, and at the slightest indisposition, call an emergency team.

Main reasons, sources

During pregnancy, the risks of third-party toxicosis increase - the immune system is weakened, it cannot cope with its tasks. Provocateurs easily become:

Stale food. As a rule, the problem is caused by the use of low-quality meat, milk, eggs.
bacteria. This happens if the food was prepared by a person suffering from an intestinal infection, or if the components were contaminated during the production cycle.
non-compliance hygiene standards. In this case, the reason often lies in dirty hands.
The use of harmful products. So, often expectant mothers who used poisonous mushrooms for dishes or boiled edible ones for not enough time turn to emergency help. It is necessary to subject the fish to prolonged processing. Toxins are also present in fruits, such as watermelons. It is necessary to thoroughly wash them, do not purchase out of season. And it is even better to exclude from food for the period of pregnancy.
Household chemicals. Having broken a thermometer, a person involuntarily inhales mercury vapor. It is advisable not to keep such an item in the house, replace it with modern version in which this metal is not present. Paint or copper sulfate, lead, iodine are no less dangerous.
Carbon monoxide. Ladies living in rural areas are susceptible to such poisoning.
Alcohol. If a girl is used to drinking alcohol, drinking wine in the company of friends, it is easy to get counterfeit intoxication. In addition, even high-quality drinks are harmful during pregnancy.

Failure to provide assistance can lead to the loss of a child and the death of a woman. Therefore, at the first symptoms, a doctor is called.

How does poisoning affect pregnancy, the body of mother and child?

If you neglect the advice of doctors, use low-quality food products, and do not observe personal hygiene, the consequences become extremely severe.

The negative impact of poisoning on pregnancy is often affected by women in the early stages. In this case, the risks of spontaneous abortion increase, which persist up to 14 weeks.
In the third trimester, premature contractions are likely, provoked by strong contractions of the diaphragm due to vomiting. The condition is complicated by placenta previa, which can cause bleeding.
Dehydration characteristic of intoxication causes fetal hypoxia. As a result, the child does not receive the necessary nutrients, lacks oxygen. Both his death and further lag in development are possible.

Such consequences arise due to severe poisoning or in the presence of other pathologies in the mother. At the same time, the death of a woman is rarely noted, more often an unborn baby suffers. And it is impossible to predict what deviations will appear.

The main symptoms of poisoning

Already 1-2 hours after intoxication during pregnancy, the first signs appear:

There may be a burp.
Nausea with vomiting. In the masses vomited by the stomach, at first there are remains of food components, then bile comes out. The woman feels short-term relief.
There is diarrhea. When the malaise is caused by salmonella, the stool is frothy, green. If poisoning is provoked by dysentery, diarrhea is characterized by wateriness.
Possible high temperature. But this symptom depends on the provocateur of poisoning. The indicator sometimes rises to 39–40 ̊С. With mild intoxication within 37 ̊С.
Pain in the abdomen and intestines. It has a different character - dull, acute, paroxysmal.
There is flatulence. But such a symptom as increased gas formation often accompanies pregnancy.
When poisoning with poisonous mushrooms, confusion develops, hallucinations appear. You can’t wait with help, the danger lies in the risk of the death of the mother.
BP may rise or fall.
Often there are convulsions, urinary excretion is disturbed, itching in the larynx. A strong cough is not ruled out. Such signs usually accompany intoxication with chemical vapors.

As a result of poisoning, the body loses fluid, dehydration develops, and the blood thickens. This leads to cephalgia, an increased production of oxytocin, the hormone that causes contractions. In the early stages, pregnancy may freeze.

The clinical picture varies depending on the provocateur. The presence of secondary diseases is dangerous, which complicates the determination of the type of poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose as soon as possible.

Survey

The program includes procedures:

General analysis of urine and blood samples. Helps in determining the bacterial agent, indicates the development of anemia, inflammation. Urine is studied to rule out the risk of kidney failure.
Fetal ultrasound. Conducted to assess the condition, determine how great the danger is.
Ultrasound examination of the mother's organs in order to detect cholecystitis or pancreatitis, which develop due to poisoning.

The treatment regimen is based on the results obtained. An individual approach is used to normalize the condition of a pregnant woman and save a child.

What to do in case of poisoning?

It is necessary to treat intoxication at the first manifestations. They call a team of doctors, and then proceed to provide emergency care.

Unfortunately, at home, measures such as provoking vomiting are prohibited during pregnancy - they lead to premature birth and bleeding.

In the early stages

What can loved ones do?

If a woman began to vilify, she vomits, you can give a few activated charcoal tablets or medicines such as Enterosgel, Smecta, Polysorb.
It is advisable for a pregnant woman to drink more fluids to avoid dehydration. Hydrating solutions are allowed to maintain salt balance, for example, Regidron.
If you suspect an intestinal infection, it is recommended to take the drug Enterofuril.

Having eliminated unpleasant symptoms, it is necessary to pay attention to the diet.

After poisoning, you can not eat the following foods:

sharp;
smoked;
fatty;
canned food;
salinity;
sausages.

At first, it is allowed to eat rice porridge cooked in water, light chicken broth, crackers. It is shown to drink strong black tea, fruit compotes

Gradually, the diet is diversified with boiled or stewed vegetables, which will help saturate the body with micronutrients. Berry fruit drinks will make up for the lack of vitamins. To normalize the microflora, it is recommended to use kefir. After 5 days, rehabilitation ends and you can return to the usual menu.

In case of severe poisoning, doctors resort to the following measures:

Wash the stomach using manganese, monitoring the fetal and woman's blood pressure.
Magnesia is injected intravenously to prevent spontaneous abortion.
In case of violation water balance replenish the volume of fluid, use the injection method.

After providing first aid, the woman is taken to the hospital. In the future, she will be treated in the inpatient department.

Unfortunately, poisoning in the first trimester of pregnancy is easily confused with toxicosis. Therefore, with severe symptoms, in any case, you should visit a gynecologist as soon as possible.

At a later date

Food poisoning in the second or third period proceeds in almost the same way as intoxication during pregnancy in the initial one, so the woman will be treated according to the same program.

The only difference in the scheme is that doctors prescribe drugs that can positively affect the blood circulation of the placenta, which will help avoid fetal hypoxia.

Measures such as bed rest, dietary nutrition, and the absence of stress are considered mandatory.

If the expectant mother is taken to the hospital on time, the prognosis for both her and the child is often favorable.

Follow-up treatment

When poisoning is provoked by pathogenic microorganisms, complications are likely to develop. So you have to stay in the hospital.

General activities include medical nutrition, dehydration therapy, symptom reduction.

In many ways, the scheme is influenced by the type of pathogenic bacterium.

In this case, antibiotics are rarely prescribed during pregnancy. Doctors are more busy treating such conditions:

Placental abruption.
The threat of miscarriage, at a later date, premature birth may begin.
Bleeding, which is often accompanied by severe pain, loss of consciousness.
Hypoxia of the fetus, leading to violations of its development.

With staphylococcal intoxication, the child is at serious risk.

Often, nausea begins after eating pathogen-infected foods.

To eliminate the characteristic signs, you need to take sorbents, saline solutions, adhere to a diet. Antibiotics are prescribed to kill salmonella. It is forbidden to resort to drugs on your own - this can harm the body even more.

How long you have to get sick and what the therapy program will be depends on the degree of damage to the digestive tract. With a mild course, treatment at home is allowed. Severe poisoning requires hospitalization in gynecology, and in the later stages in the obstetric department.

One of the most dangerous types of poisoning. When a woman enters the hospital, urgent gastric lavage and cleansing enemas are performed. For 3 days, anti-botulinum serum is administered. Of course, the drug poses a threat to the fetus, but in this case, the woman is at high risk of death.

Among the drugs are penicillins, which help to avoid pneumonia as a result of vomit entering the respiratory tract.
Stimulate the flow of urine.
Under high pressure oxygen is supplied to the lungs. A tracheotomy has not been ruled out.

Unfortunately, it is often impossible to save the fetus.

How to protect yourself from the disease?

Can toxicity be prevented? Undoubtedly, if you do not forget about the simple rules during pregnancy:

It is easier to get poisoned if you do not observe hygiene. It is advisable to wash your hands before every meal.
Eat only high-quality fresh products.
Refuse unpurified water, perishable ingredients.
Be careful with household chemicals.

You can feel signs of malaise, unsuccessfully apply folk ways to eliminate nausea, putting both yourself and the baby at risk. And you can avoid factors that can poison the body, visit a doctor in a timely manner, undergo the necessary examinations, and call the ambulance at the first symptoms. If a woman is fortunate enough to become pregnant, it is worth more closely monitoring her health.