Skiing magazine read online fresh. Skiing. Cross-country skiing competitions

27.06.2021

Our web-project is more than a sports news site, it is even more than a sports social network of fans and fans of winter skiing, beloved in our country. This is an online territory where friends, kind, open, positive, interesting, sociable and versatile people constantly meet! All information (news, blogs, photos, videos, interviews, polls, statistics) is added here, moderated and evaluated by the fans themselves and people who are not indifferent to sports. Read, write, add your articles, publications, news, reviews, opinions, reviews, videos, rate, discuss articles, comment on messages, photos, materials and work of other visitors.

The ski season of the 2018-2019 World Cup has not yet started, and it promises to be very difficult for Russia. After the successful last Winter Olympics in Sochi-2014, it's time for experiments and innovations! The first post-Olympic season has passed, conclusions have been drawn, and now the Russian national team with a new line-up and new coaches is preparing for the upcoming season of the FIS Cross-Country World Cup. And what can we, Russian fans, expect in the new season? And it will be very interesting! The International Ski Federation (FIS) once again organizes competitions among the strongest skiers in the world, which will be held from November to March, in several stages in different parts Sveta. There is no doubt that our guys will fight for KM medals and World Championship awards in every race until the very finish line. Due to the relatively weak results in women's skiing in last years, fans from Russia can only hope for a miracle.

Together with you, we will try to collect here, on our sports portal, the most interesting sports news from the world of skiing, the most up-to-date information about the events of the 2018-19 sport season and, of course, we will not miss even the smallest news about the World Cup (FIS Cross-Country World Cup), World Championships (World Cup 2019), famous skiers, we will keep you updated latest news qualifying and domestic competitions, teams, coaching staff, any changes in the Russian Ski Racing Federation (FLGR). We will present you information in a convenient form with video, graphics, interviews, expert opinions, analytics, statistics. Read today, November 23, the latest current news of the 2018/2019 ski season on our live website, the news feed is updated every minute, around the clock and seven days a week! We are always glad to new readers and work for you!

To add your comment to a post or create new topic(news, blog, verse, video, poll), you must either have an account in one of the popular social networks(VKONTAKTE, facebook, Twitter, Mail.Ru, Google and others) or register completely free of charge (simple, quick registration, only your e-mail is needed) or, if you are already registered, follow the procedure on the site (authorization). After registration, you can and should start an active life on the portal. By joint efforts, all together, we create and make the site the way we want to see it in the future. Cheer for Russia! Cheer for ours!

Winter - perfect time for skiing. There are many different directions, so many will be able to find something that will bring pleasure. In addition, training for fresh air possess a wide range benefit to man.

Goals and objectives of skiing

One of the most popular is skiing. Many of the directions included in it are presented on Olympic Games Oh. The importance of skiing for a person is enormous:

Wellness. During training, the body does a lot of physical work, which has a positive effect on health.
Educational. Going in for skiing, a person cultivates and improves many important skills in himself, for example, endurance, agility, strength, endurance, and so on.
Applied. Skis are used in various work activities, the army, everyday life and in other areas.

How does skiing affect human health?

Regularly playing sports, you can get a huge positive effect, and this is due to the fact that almost all muscle groups take part in the work. The effect of skiing on the body is similar to running or jumping, but the load is gentle, so even aged people can practice many areas. Training is allowed for both young children and pensioners.

Health benefits of skiing

Talk about positive effect, which a person receives by regularly skiing, you can long time. This is due not only to the fact that you have to work with your hands and feet, keeping your balance, but also because the training takes place in the fresh air.

Walking on the street in the winter is similar to hardening, which contributes.
There is a strengthening of the heart and blood vessels, and all because skiing is a cardio load.
The benefits of skiing are associated with such a concept as landscape therapy, which involves the treatment and strengthening of the body through outdoor training. This allows you to cope with insomnia, stabilize work nervous system, improve mood and .
Promotes pulmonary ventilation, which increases the amount of oxygen entering the body.
skiing helps to lose weight and strengthen the muscular system.

Harm in skiing

In some situations, skiing can cause many health problems. Injuries in skiing are a common occurrence, and all because of non-compliance with safety regulations, improperly similar equipment and driving on paths that are not salty for this. Describing the pros and cons of skiing, it is important to pay attention to contraindications.

Serious pathologies of the musculoskeletal system or spine.
Diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Pregnancy period.
Weakened immune system and joint problems.
Recent illnesses and surgeries.

Types of skiing

As already mentioned, the presented sports direction is considered the most massive. The main types of skiing and their brief description:

Ski race. It is a cyclical sport that is racing over different distances. These include: separate start, mass start, pursuit and others.
Skiing. The descent from the mountain takes place along a certain route, which is marked with special gates. The length of the course, the height jumps and the number of gates are always clearly stated. There is different types skiing sports: slalom, super giant, giant slalom, downhill and so on.
Ski jumping. In this sport, special wing-skis are used, which help the athlete, having taken off the ground, regulate the flight.
Nordic combined. Ski jumping (2 attempts) and 15 km races are combined in this direction.
Snowboard. This skiing involves performing exercises on one ski, which is called a "snow board". There are several types: giant and parallel slalom, snowboard cross and others.
Freestyle. This direction involves performing various tricks and jumps. There are several disciplines: ski acrobatics, mogul, ski-cross and half-pipe.

How to go skiing?

There are several important conditions that it is important for beginners to pay attention to.

You need to choose the right equipment. Important details are taken into account, for example, sport, height, and so on.
In addition, you should buy the right clothes, which should not hinder movement, but at the same time keep warm well.
It is necessary to undergo an examination and exclude possible contraindications.
Beginners should start with minimal loads and be sure to ride on prepared tracks. If possible, you should work with a trainer.
If a person wants to practice professionally, then training for skiing should take place in special schools where training programs have been developed.

Probably, in every field you can find information that is unknown to a large number of people. There is Interesting Facts about skiing:

Skis began to be used at a time when animal skins were used instead of clothes. This is proved by the found rock paintings.
People who want to lose weight will be interested to know that you can lose about 350-400 kcal per hour of driving.
It is believed that skiing originated in the days of the ancient Scandinavians, and so they had a deity patron of skis - Ullom.
Sports ski areas were first included in the Olympic Games in 1924 and then almost all the awards were taken by the Norwegian team.
The first skis for sports were three meters long.
The pioneer of skiing in Switzerland was Arthur Conan Doyle.

Ski legends

Competitions are held in almost every sports direction, which helps to distinguish the best among all the participants. Champions of skiing have received medals more than once in various competitions, including the Olympic Games.

This section contains materials on the theory and methodology of skiing. Particular attention is paid to the organization and methodology of skiing classes in general education and youth sports schools.

Skiing is one of the most popular and accessible sports, which is very popular among people of all ages. Cross-country skiing is especially widespread in our country. Russian skiers successfully compete in various international competitions, including world championships and the Olympic Games. The high achievements of our skiers became possible thanks to the mass work carried out in the days of the USSR in skiing, especially among children, adolescents and youths.

AT Soviet system Physical education has developed two main forms of work on skiing - ski training and skiing.

Ski training was carried out according to state programs and was a mandatory section of physical education in general education schools, middle and higher educational institutions, as well as in Soviet army. The objectives of ski training are teaching children, adolescents, youths and adults the basics of skiing technique, acquiring initial knowledge related to skiing, and fulfilling established training and control standards, including the standards of the All-Union TRP physical culture complex.

The main task of skiing is to achieve high results in the chosen form (cross-country skiing, biathlon, alpine skiing, ski jumping, biathlon, etc.) on the basis of versatile general and special physical training, improvement of physical and moral-volitional qualities, technical and tactical training and mastery of the theory and methodology of sports training.

A great influence on the development of skiing in our country is exerted by the quantity and quality of training of skiing specialists - coaches, teachers and especially teachers. physical education, since the foundations of skiing are laid in the lessons of ski training and during extracurricular activities in skiing at school.

This section can serve as a textbook on skiing for the faculties of physical education of pedagogical institutes and is written in accordance with the program for skiing for these faculties and the school curriculum for physical education.

The first five chapters of the textbook outline the general foundations of the theory, technology, teaching methods, training, organization and conduct of skiing competitions. The next three chapters cover issues related to educational, extracurricular and out-of-school work on ski training and skiing with schoolchildren. The last chapter of the textbook is devoted to the material support of training sessions and competitions in skiing.

The directory contains the names and results of the winners of the largest all-Union and international competitions in cross-country skiing since the birth of this sport in our country. Are given brief information about the features of various competitions, comparative tables of results and other materials.

Designed for skiing professionals, athletes, coaches, as well as a wide range of skiing enthusiasts.

Cross-country skiing is one of the most popular and massive winter sports in our country. Neither age nor the level of physical development can become an obstacle for those wishing to join skiing, which helps to improve health, increase the capacity and physical fitness of a person.

From the huge mass of skiers, thousands of young people join the ranks of athletes every year. The most talented of them, the fastest, dexterous and strong defend the sporting honor of our country at the largest international ski forums. Finding out their names, comparing their achievements is the desire of everyone who loves this sport, knows its price and strives to achieve the best results. The directory, which lists the results of the winners of all major competitions since the birth of skiing, provides such an opportunity. The author continued the work on the collection and refinement of reference data, begun by his predecessors.

The first and only special reference book on skiing in our country can be considered the book of the Honored Master of Sports and Honored Trainer of the USSR V. A. Serebryakov "" ("Physical Culture and Sport", 1951), in which for the first time, along with interesting information from the history of ski sports, the results of various skiing competitions, including the country's cross-country skiing championships, from 1910 to 1951 are given. In this guide, information about the results of individual competitions until 1940 is limited to the first three places; data regarding cross-country ski relay races and youth (junior) competitions are incomplete.

All other printed publications with the results of the country's championships in cross-country skiing, published before the mentioned reference book in 1951 (editions of 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945), as well as later (editions of 1953, 1955, 1956), covered relatively short periods (1-3 years) and even all taken together did not provide complete systematized information.

Published in 1972 and 1978 Publishing house "Physical culture and sport" reference book "All about sports" (three volumes) are general information in many sports, including cross-country skiing, and various competitions (national championships, Olympic Games and World Championships) with lists of champions of the largest competitions, but without the results shown by them.

Since 1969, the physical culture and sport publishing house has been publishing the skiing collections twice a year, which contain versatile methodological materials, and show the results of competitions in all types of skiing for the current period. However, these reference data are not so complete as to satisfy the needs of specialists and fans of this sport.

Considering all of the above, as well as the fact that 75 years have passed since the first national ski racing championship in 1910, the author of this guide set the task of giving the most complete and systematized information about the results of the main ski racing competitions in the country and on the world sports arena for the entire past period until 1984. It included the results of cross-country skiing competitions of all championships and championships of the country, including the final competitions of the Spartakiads of the peoples of the USSR, as well as the USSR Cups and only individual, most significant all-Union competitions, and from international competitions - the results of the winners of all winter competitions Olympic Games, Championships and World Cups, European and World Junior Championships.

The championships and championships of the USSR, as well as competitions for the USSR Cup in cross-country skiing, did not have official numbering. In this guide, their ordinal account is introduced sequentially by year of holding.

The guide contains 7 sections.

In the sections of the championships (champions) of the country, the USSR Cup, individual all-Union and international competitions held in the USSR, the following are given: in individual ski races among men and women, the first 10 places, among juniors - 6 places and among boys and girls - 3 places; in team types of cross-country skiing (relay races, running patrols, sanitary teams, etc.), as well as in team championships, the first 6 places are given among adults and juniors, and 3 places among boys and girls. In the relay races, the results in the stages are shown for the first three places (numbers 1, 2, 3 in brackets against the time shown by the participants in the stages mean, respectively, the best results in this competition).

In the sections of the Winter Olympic Games, World Championships and European and World Junior Championships for each competition of individual ski races, the results of the first six and all participants of the Soviet team are given, in relay races - the first 6 team results, and starting from 1956 (with the participation of skiers of the USSR ) and the results at the stages of the teams that took the first three places and the USSR teams. For each OOG since 1956, tables of the number of medals and points won by skiers are given. different countries in the unofficial team standings.

The cross-country skiing section of the World Championships (1924-1982) does not repeat the results of the 13 World Championships that were also OWG results.

For individual competitions in some sections, the results are not presented in full due to the lack of reliable information.

Team results, as a rule, are evaluated by points, the system of accrual of which was not the same at different times.

The reference book uses conventions and abbreviations of words, a list of them is given at the beginning of the book. In order to save space in team competitions (relay races, etc.) full names participants are given only in cases where they were not mentioned in the results of individual competitions.

The distances of the competitions included in the cross-country skiing program are arranged in ascending order by mileage, regardless of the date of their holding.

Due to the fact that the official protocols of the results of cross-country skiing competitions in our country, including the championships of the USSR (until 1957 inclusive), did not indicate the names of the participants in the competitions, the compiler experienced some difficulties, trying to eliminate this gap as much as possible. Most of the names have been restored, but in some cases this has not been done.

For the assistance provided in collecting material for the reference book, the author expresses his heartfelt gratitude to the veterans of skiing, ZMS and ZT of the USSR D.M. ZT USSR N. P. Anikin, ZT USSR and MS V. A. Ivanov, ZMS and ZT RSFSR, Honorary Sports Judge P. N. Lyudskov, Honorary Sports Judge S. A. Bogachev, V. M. Shikhin, Candidate Pedagogical Sciences Associate Professor MS I. I. Lazarev and other comrades.

Reviews, comments and suggestions on the content of the guide, the compiler asks to send to the address of the publisher.

In 1985, the following books were published by the publishing house "Physical Culture and Sport":

Skiing. Collection. Issue 1. Compiled by V. P. Markin, V. N. Manzhosov, L. Yu. Reiser. 8 l.

The collection contains articles devoted to the versatile issues of training skiers-athletes, methods of their education and training. Written by coaches, athletes, experts, they reflect the latest achievements in skiing.

For coaches, athletes, ski lovers.

Skiing. Collection. Issue 2. The compilers are the same.

Smirnov G. A. The ABC of the ski marathon. Booklet. 1.7 l.

The author cites many useful tips novice marathon skiers preparing to overcome the 50-kilometer distance. The reader will learn how to build weekly training sessions, how to dose the load, where to start training in the summer, how to prepare skis and tracksuit, what should be the regimen of a marathon runner.

For the general reader.

Ski race- a winter Olympic sport in which athletes need to overcome a certain distance on skis in the minimum time. Cross-country skiing is divided into men's and women's.

The International Ski Federation (FIS) was founded in 1924 and unites national federations.

The history of the emergence and development of cross-country skiing (skiing)

Historians and dated 6-7 century BC. written evidence suggests that the first skis appeared among northern hunters. The first skis were very similar to today's snowshoes.

Due to the harsh climate, the Norwegians showed the greatest interest in skiing. In the early 18th century, skiing was part of the compulsory training program for Norwegian troops. And at the end of the same century, the first cross-country skiing competitions were held.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the world's first ski community was established. A little later, the first ski club was opened in Finland, after which such clubs appeared in many countries of Europe, America and Asia. By the end of the century, cross-country skiing competitions began to be held in almost all countries of the world.

Cross-country skiing first appeared at the 1924 Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. Women's competition appeared at the 1952 Oslo Olympics.

Ski racing rules

Competition rules approved International Federation skiing (“Rules of international competitions”).

The following types of starts are used in competitions: individual, general, group and pursuit starts. In separate starts, intervals of 30 seconds are usually used.

The starter gives a warning: "Attention" 10 seconds before the start. 5 seconds before the start, the countdown begins: "5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1", followed by the starting signal "March". During the race, athletes are not allowed to use other means of transportation, except for skis and ski poles. Skiers must go only along the track and pass all checkpoints.

On the way, athletes can change one ski or poles. The panel of judges monitors the change of skis, before the start all skis are marked.

The finish time is recorded manually or electrically and is given in full seconds.

Ski track

Cross-country skiing tracks should be located in such a way that they give the best opportunity to assess the technical, tactical and physical fitness of the athletes. The level of difficulty must match the level of the competition. The main components of the track for cross-country skiing:

One third of the course should be climbs with an angle of 9% to 18% with a height difference of more than 10 meters, as well as several short climbs with a steepness of more than 18%.
One third is hilly rugged terrain, consisting of short ascents and descents (with a height difference of 1 to 9 meters).
One third are varied descents requiring different descent techniques. Tracks are used only in the direction established for the competition.

It is better if the track consists of several circles, so that the spectators can enjoy watching the competing athletes. At official competitions, the length of the distance ranges from 800 m to 50 km.

Equipment for cross-country skiing

Skis are the main element of a skier's equipment. Skis are classic, skating and combined. Previously, when choosing skis, it was important skier height, now the length of the skis primarily depends on the weight. Each manufacturer has tables that describe what length of skis corresponds to what weight.
Boots are special footwear designed to be used with skis.
Bindings come in two systems - SNS and NNN and ski boots fit only one of them.
Ski poles are equipment used by skiers to maintain balance and speed up movement when skiing.

Skiing styles

Skating style (free) - implies that the skier can independently choose the method by which he will move along the distance. This style outperforms the classic style in speed.

Classic style - a type of movement in which the skier runs almost the entire distance along the prepared track. "Classic" ski moves are divided according to the method of repulsion with sticks into alternating and simultaneous.

The main types of cross-country skiing

Timed start competitions are skiing competitions in which athletes start one after another at a certain interval. Usually the interval between starts is 30 seconds.
Mass start competitions are skiing competitions in which all athletes start at the same time.
Pursuit or pursuit (eng. pursuit - pursuit) - a competition of several stages. One of the stages the skiers are running classic style, and the other - skating style. The position of the skiers at all stages is determined by the results of the previous stages.
Relay is a ski competition in which teams of four competitors compete. The ski relay consists of 4 stages. Relay races can be run in one style (all participants run their stages in classic or free style) or in two styles (stages 1 and 2, participants run in classic style, and stages 3 and 4 in free style). The transfer of the baton is carried out by touching the palm of any part of the body of the starting athlete of his team, while both athletes are in the transfer zone.
Sprint (individual and team).

Cross-country skiing competitions

The Olympic Games are the most prestigious cross-country skiing competitions, held every 4 years.
The World Cross-Country Championship is the second most prestigious cross-country skiing competition, held every odd year.
The Cross Country Ski World Cup is an annual cross country skiing competition held by the International Ski Federation from October to March.

2016-06-30

Skiing is represented by almost two dozen disciplines, most of which are included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. The classification of skiing involves the allocation of 8 groups, among which racing, alpine skiing, freestyle and snowboarding are the most extensive. General characteristics combine the types of skiing in each of the groups below.

Race

Skiing began with racing. Therefore, they are considered classics of skiing and train endurance well. Present in the Olympic program from the very beginning of the organization of the Winter Games. Ways of movement of the skier:

classical;
ridge;
free.

Sprint. By analogy with running, a ski sprint is a race over a short distance. Cross-country sprint distances are too short for a winter rider. Therefore, they were increased to a minimum of 800 m for women and 1000 m for men. The maximum length of the sprint distance for men is 1600 m (in the team version).

The team sprint is one of the most spectacular competitions. Each team has 2 people. After the first team runs the distance, it is replaced by the second - so they alternate three times, exercising in total 6 runs. The winning teams run through the semi-finals and mass start finals.

Pursuit pursuit. They are divided into regular persuit (with a break between stages) and skiathlon (without a break). At the first stage of a regular persuit, they start individually with a frequency of 30 seconds. At the second stage - in a few hours or days - the participants enter the track in the same sequence and with the same time difference with which they came to the finish line at the first stage.

In the skiathlon, the start is massive, but there is no break between the stages. The specificity of the pursuit without a break is that the athletes need to overcome the first part of the path in the classical way, then change skis and ride in a free style. At the same time, the stopwatch is not stopped, which gives the competition an additional gambling component.

The distance of each stage in the persuit is from 5 to 15 km. One-day pursuits over long distances require good endurance of the skier.

Relays. Ski relay races involve 4 teams, each with 4 people. One person runs one distance (up to 10 km), the members of his team touch the second, passing the baton to him - and so on all four athletes. The first and second skiers run only in classic style, the third and fourth skiers run free.

Alpine skiing appeared in the programs of the Winter Olympic Games some time after the inclusion of cross-country skiing. He can rightfully be considered No. 2 in ski sports. Does not give way to endurance training.

Downhill. Downhill is a real extreme skiing. The length of the descent distance is 3 or more kilometers. The athlete not only rides on a prepared track, but also jumps up to 50 m in the event of a height difference. average speed up to 110 km/h. It is not uncommon for an athlete to reach a speed of 150 km / h. The registered record is over 200 km/h.

Downhill skiing requires considerable physical preparation, perfect mastery of technique, endurance of the skier. It is believed that after passing the track at speed, the athlete improves his skills and behaves more confidently on slalom tracks and ski jumping.

Slalom. Slalom - "descending track" - descent from the mountain with overcoming obstacles, represented by the so-called gates - flags set between which you need to pass. It is required to pass all the gates. For missing the gate, the athlete is removed from the competition. Characteristics of the slalom track:

Gate width - 4-5 m.
The length of the track is up to 0.5 km.
The height difference between start and finish is up to 150 m.

The slalom competition is held against the clock and consists of two different tracks for each slalomist.

Giant slalom. The big slalom differs from the usual one in more large-scale characteristics:

Gate width - 6-8 m.
The distance between the gates is 0.75-15 m.
The length of the route is up to 1.5 km.
The height difference between start and finish is up to 450 m.

The steepness of the turns in the giant is less than in the usual slalom. The descent technique involves making turns with flat-cut sliding at the intersection of arcs. At a speed of up to 70 km / h, the athlete passes the descent in an average of 100 s.

There is also a super giant slalom variant.

Freestyle

Despite the fact that freestyle is perceived by many as freestyle skiing, since 1988 freestyle areas have been included in the program of the Olympic Games and, therefore, are fully related to alpine skiing and have their own standards.

Acrobatics. The so-called aerial acrobatics is the basic freestyle discipline. The athlete accelerates on the descent and jumps from a springboard of one or another height and slope. Somersaults, flips, spins and other acrobatic elements are done in the jump. Particular attention is paid to the freestyler's landing technique. Separate marks are given for the artistry of the performance and the correctness of the landing.

Mogul. Mogul is a descent along a slope consisting of low, but often located mounds. Mogul skis are not wide, with a slight cutout in the center. In addition to passing a bumpy track, a freestyler must jump from springboards up to 60 cm high. The length of the track for a mogul is in the range of 200-250 m. Strict requirements are imposed on the condition of the track for the maximum and minimum height difference and angle of inclination. The freestyler must demonstrate the ability to correctly make edge turns, jumps and landings, and show the best result in time.

Ski cross. The youngest of the Olympic disciplines with the use of skis: ski cross was introduced to the program of the Games in Vancouver (2010). Unlike mogul and acrobatics, cross-country skiing is competitive skiing and, therefore, the most spectacular. A distance of 1.2 km with various obstacles - sharp ascents, descents, jumps, gates - needs to be covered for a while. First - individually, in the semi-final - mass start in a group of 4 people. Athletes develop speeds up to 60 km / h. Ski cross combines the elements of slalom and downhill, enhanced by additional obstacles.

ski jumping

Not everyone decides to fly in the air more than 100 m s skiing on foot. At the same time, it is necessary to do it beautifully, land correctly, without touching the surface and without falling. Ski jumping is a professional competitive discipline for individual performance or as part of a team of 4 people.

When evaluating a jump, in addition to the execution technique and distance, such parameters as wind speed and direction, the height of the starting gate are taken into account.

Nordic combined

The combined ski discipline (individual, team of 4 people) includes two stages:

ski jumping;

individual 10 km freestyle sprint or team relay of 4 stages of 5 km each.

The start sequence of the participants at the sprint distance is determined by the result of the ski jump, the points of which are converted into seconds according to a special system.

Orienteering

Orienteering is not included in the program of the Olympic Games. Meanwhile, championships are held annually around the world.

Participants are given maps of the area with marked ski slopes and a compass. At the same time, the laid routes have different speeds. Each participant must decide which tracks are best to use to reach the finish line in the shortest time. Orienteering may involve additional complicating conditions: avoiding markers, following a certain route, etc.

Biathlon

A skiing discipline that even people with little interest in sports know is biathlon. This is a spectacular ski race combined with rifle (or sporting bow) shooting. The skier moves freely. The total distance depends on the type of race: sprint, relay, pursuit. Biathlon can be team or individual. Depending on the type of race, target shooting is carried out 2 or 4 times from a prone and standing position. The distance to the targets is 50 m.

The biathlon track is run against the clock. Missing a target adds a penalty minute of time or a 150m penalty loop.

snowboarding

In the classification of ski sports, snowboarding could be classified as freestyle as a "modernist" direction. However, the lack of skis that are replaced by a board, increased extremeness (2 times more traumatic than other ski disciplines) requires that snowboarding be singled out as a separate type. Moreover, the discipline itself is not homogeneous and includes such subspecies as:

slalom;

racing cross (sprint);

half pipe (acrobatic stunts in a semicircular snow ramp);

slope style (acrobatic stunts on a slope with obstacles);

big air (spectacular and powerful ski jump);

All of them are full-fledged Olympic disciplines, and big air will become it in 2018.