An example of spp with an adverbial clause. Adverbial adverbial clause and its types. IV. Pinning a new topic

08.10.2021

Adverbial clauses answer the same questions as circumstantial clauses, and in a sentence refer to verbs or words that have a circumstantial meaning.

By their meaning, circumstantial clauses, as well as circumstances, are divided into the following types: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, purpose, condition, comparison, mode of action, measure and degree, concessions.

1) Adventitious time indicate the time of the action that takes place in the main sentence, answer questions when? From what time? until what time?

They refer to the main thing or to the circumstance of time in the main part and are joined by conjunctions when, until, since, as soon as, as soon as and etc.: In the summer, when the holidays come, we will go on vacation.

In a sentence, the subordinate tense can be in any position relative to the main (preposition - before the main, postposition - after the main, interposition - inside the main): When I returned, she's already gone(preposition). We'll hit the road as soon as dawn (postposition). In home, Since my father returned everything went differently(interposition).

The actions referred to in the main and subordinate parts can occur at the same time or at different times: When the sun comes out from behind the mountain, it becomes light(simultaneity of actions). They woke up when it was already quite light.(different time of action: first it became light, and then they woke up). The expression of the simultaneity and diversity of actions is carried out with the help of conjunctions, demonstrative words and verb forms of time and aspect.

2) adnexal places indicate the place or direction of the action referred to in the main, refer to the combination of the predicate and demonstrative word and answer questions where? where? from where?: I've been where none of you have been.

Subordinate places are attached to the main allied words where, where, where.

Sometimes demonstrative words can be omitted, which is typical for colloquial speech: I did what I wanted.

Subordinate places can be in any position in relation to the main: post-position - "Go, where the free mind takes you" (A. Pushkin). Wherever I travel I have always kept a diary(preposition). Only there, where I come from there are beautiful places(interposition).

3) Subordinate conditions indicate the condition under which the action reported in the main clause occurs or may occur, and answer the question under what condition?

Subordinate conditions are attached to the main one with the help of unions if, if, if, when, once, if, as soon as, as soon: If you do not want to do this, say it straight. Once you've started, that's how you should finish.

Subordinate conditions can be in any position relative to the main one. If the subordinate condition is in preposition, then the main thing can begin with the words then, so: If the weather is good tomorrow, then I will leave.

Combinations can serve as pointing words in case, in that case: In the event that we turn off the road, we will get lost. Combination if can merge into one complex union: He was going to leave if nothing changed.

4) Adventitious targets indicate the purpose of the action reported in the main, and answer questions why? for what? for what purpose?

Subordinate goals are attached to the main one with the help of unions so that, in order to, in order to, so that. Compound unions can break into two parts, while the union remains in the subordinate clause to, and the rest of the complex unions goes into the main thing: for that, with that, then. These words become demonstrative words and members of the sentence: I came here to work (in order to - compound union). I came here to work here (in order - index word, to - union).

The clause of purpose usually refers to everything main and can take any position in relation to the main: To see you I have come the hard way(preposition). I flew here to see this region with my own eyes (postposition). He, so that no one notices quietly made his way to the exit(interposition).

5) Adnexal causes indicate the reason for the action reported in the main clause and answer questions why? from what? for what reason?

Subordinate causes are attached to the main unions because, because, due to the fact that, since, because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that and etc.: The grass was still green in autumn(why?), because it rained all summer.

The subordinate clause of the cause can take any position in relation to the main, except when joined by a union because(a sentence cannot begin with "because").

Compound conjunctions can break up into two parts, while in the main sentence there will be demonstrative words: because of that, because of that etc., and the subordinate part will join the main union that: "I'm sad because you're having fun"(M. Lermontov).

6) Adnexal consequences indicate the result of the action referred to in the main sentence, answer the question what caused this to happen?

Adverbial corollaries are joined by a union so, refer to the entire main clause and are always in postposition with respect to the main one: The house stood on the very shore of the sea, so that the cries of seagulls could be heard through the window.

7) Adventitious modus operandi indicate the nature of the action reported in the main sentence, and answer questions as? how?

The subordinate mode of action is attached to the main subordinating unions as, as if, exactly, as if. He spoke very slurred(how? in what way?), like he was in great pain.

The main clause can contain a demonstrative word So, in this case, the adjective refers to it: He lived like this(how? in what way?), as if every day was his last.

8) Adnexal measures and degrees indicate the measure and degree of action reported in the main sentence, and answer questions to what extent? in what degree? To what extent?

Subordinate measures and degrees are attached to the main clause with the help of unions and allied words what, how, how much, how much and come after the main clause. The main part may contain descriptive words. so, so much, so much, so much and etc.: The wind was blowing so hard that it broke the window. The light was so bright that it hurt my eyes. The book was so interesting that it was impossible to put it down.

9) Comparative clauses explain what is reported in the main sentence, answer the question as?, refer to the entire main clause, join with the help of conjunctions as, as if, as if, exactly, as if and others. Comparative clauses can take any position in relation to the main one, but most often they are in postposition: The air was clean and fresh, like it had just rained. It got dark as quickly as it happens before a thunderstorm.

10) Adventitious concessions indicate the action that is opposed to the action in the main clause, and answer questions in spite of what? contrary to what?

Subordinate clauses are attached to the main one with the help of subordinating conjunctions despite the fact that, although, let, let, for nothing and etc.: Cloudy days are also good in their own way, although not everyone likes them. It was still dark in the forest, despite the fact that the sun had already risen. "Let the rose be plucked, it still blooms."(Nadson) Let them offend you, do not lose faith in friendship.

Subordinate concessions can also be attached to the main allied words how, how much with particle nor, at the same time, they acquire an additional amplifying value: No matter how hard we tried to get around it, we did not succeed. "No matter how much the rope winds, the end will be"(proverb).

Subordinate clauses often refer to the entire main clause and occupy a preposition or postposition in relation to it: Although the frost is still angry, spring will still come. We had to leave early even though we wanted to stay.

11) Adventitious connecting contain various additional information that relates to what is said in the main sentence.

Adjunctive adjunctives often refer to everyone; the main sentence, stand after it, join with allied words what why why etc. The connection between the main clause and the subordinate clause is very weak, in the main clause there is no indication that a subordinate clause is necessary: He was always very observant, which, in fact, was reflected in his works. This situation was I was unbearable, which is why I left.

As a result of frequent use, some subordinate clauses have turned into phraseological units: with which I congratulate you, which was required to be proved.

Subordinate clauses in Russian are dependent parts of the main clause in a complex sentence. That is, they play the role of secondary members of the sentence. Therefore, the types of subordinate clauses are divided according to the role played in the sentence. One question can be asked to the entire secondary sentence, just as it is done with respect to the members of the sentence.

The main types of subordinate clauses

Four types of them are considered: attributive, adverbial, explanatory and connecting. Examples can be given that will represent all kinds of subordinate clauses:

The flower bed, which was laid out in the courtyard on the left side of the porch, resembled a small copy of the town - a sort of Flower Town from Nosov's fairy tale about Dunno. (Determinative).
And it seemed to me that restless and funny short men really live there. (explanatory).
And we do not see them because they are hiding from us underground. (Circumstantial).
But as soon as we leave somewhere, as shorties get out of their hiding places and begin to enjoy life violently. (Connective).

Determinative clauses

These subordinate clauses in Russian define the sign of one noun or sometimes a phrase consisting of a noun and a demonstrative word. They serve as answers to questions which? whose? which? These minor sentences are joined to the main part by allied words. whose, which, who, what, which, from where, where, when. Usually in the main part of a complex sentence there are demonstrative words such as such, each, any, any or that in various forms of childbirth. The following suggestions can be taken as examples:

living beings, which?) who live on the planet next to people, feel a good human attitude towards them.
Reach out your hand with food, open your palm, freeze, and some bird, ( which?) whose voice is heard in the morning in the bushes of your garden, with confidence will sit on your hand.
Every person ( which?) who considers himself the pinnacle of the creation of the Almighty, should correspond to this rank.
Whether a garden, a forest or an ordinary yard, (which?)where everything is familiar and familiar, can open the door to the wonderful world of nature for a person.

Adventitious connecting

Interesting types of subordinate clauses that do not refer to a single word or phrase, but to the entire main part. They are called connecting. Often these parts of a complex sentence contain the meaning of the consequence, supplementing or explaining the content of the main part. Secondary sentences of this type are attached using allied words where, how, when, why, where, what. Examples:

And only next to the mother any baby feels protected, what is meant by nature.
Caring for the cubs, tenderness for their offspring, self-sacrifice is laid in the creature at the level of instinct, how every creature needs to breathe, sleep, eat and drink.

Explanatory clauses

If the author of the text wants to clarify, specify any one word of the main part, which has the meaning of thought, perception, feeling or speech. Often these clauses refer to verbs such as say, answer, think, feel, be proud, hear. But they can also specify adjectives, for example, satisfied or glad. It is often observed when these types of subordinate clauses act as explanations of adverbs ( clearly, necessary, necessary, known, pity) or nouns ( message, thought, statement, rumor, thought, feeling). The subordinate explanatory clauses are added with the help of:

Unions (to, what, when, as if, like others);

Any allied words;

Particles (union) whether.

Examples are the following compound sentences:

Have you ever observed what?) how amazingly sunlight plays, reflected in dew drops, insect wings, snowflake tiles?
Once such beauty, a person will surely be incredibly happy, ( what?) who discovered the unique world of beauty.
And it immediately becomes clear what?) that everything around was created not just so that everything is interconnected.
Consciousness will be filled with indescribable feelings of joy, (what kind?) as if you yourself are a part of this amazing and unique world.

Adventitious mode of action and degree

Adverbial clauses are divided into several subspecies. A group of dependent parts of compound sentences that refer to a sign or action, called in its main part, and denote its degree or measure, as well as the image, are referred to as subordinate modes of action and degree. They usually answer the following questions: how? how much? as? in what degree? The design of the connection of the subordinate with the main part looks something like this: full adjective + noun + such; full adjective + such; verb + so. The attachment of these subordinate clauses is provided by unions to, what, as if or allied words how much, how much and some others. Examples:

The little girl laughed so infectiously, so spontaneously, that it was hard for everyone else to stop smiling.
The sonorous play of her laughter broke the tense silence of the room, as if unexpectedly scattered colorful peas from the package.
And the little face itself has changed so much, as far as it was possible in this case: the girl, exhausted by the disease, could already easily be called a lovely and absolutely healthy child.

Adverbial clauses

These dependent clauses indicate the place of origin of the action, which is called in the main part of the compound sentence. Referring to the whole main sentence, they answer the following questions: where? where? where? and join with allied words where, from where, where. Often in the main sentence there are demonstrative words there, everywhere, there, everywhere, everywhere and some others. The following examples of such proposals can be given:

It is quite easy to determine the cardinal directions in the forest more often, where there is moss on the trees.
Ants dragged on their backs building material for their anthills and food supplies from everywhere, where only these hardworking creatures could get.
I'm always drawn there, to magical lands, where we went with him last summer.

Adverbial clauses of time

Indicating the time of action, these subordinate clauses refer both to the entire main clause, and specifically to one predicate. For this type of adjective, you can ask the following questions: how long? How long? when? since when? Often there are demonstrative words in the main part of the sentence, for example: sometimes, once, always, now, then. For example: Animals will then be friendly with each other, (when?) when they grow up next to childhood.

Adverbial clauses, causes, purposes, consequences

If the dependent parts of complex sentences answer questions in what case? or under what condition? and refer either to the predicate of the main part, or to it all, joining with the help of conditional conjunctions once, when, when, if, when and as(in the meaning of "if"), then they can be attributed to subordinate conditions. Example: And even the most inveterate prankster turns into a serious and well-mannered gentleman, ( in which case?)when he becomes a parent, be it a man, a monkey or a penguin.
Questions because of which? why? for what reason? from what? subordinate causes are responsible. Their attachment occurs with the help of causal unions because, because, since. Example: For a baby in early childhood, the authority of the parent is adamant, ( why?) because his well-being depends on this being.
Dependent sentences denoting the purpose of the action named in the main part and answering questions for what? for what purpose? why?, are called subordinate targets. Their attachment to the main part is provided by target unions in order to, then in order to (in order to). Example: But even then you should accompany your requirements with explanations ( for what purpose?) then, so that a thinking person grows out of a baby, and not a weak-willed robot performer.
Dependent parts of a sentence that indicate a conclusion or result, denote a consequence following from the above in the main part of the sentence, are called subordinate consequences and refer to the entire main sentence. They are usually joined by coercive unions. That's why or so, for example: Education is a complex and regular process, ( what follows from this?) therefore, parents should always be in shape and not relax for a minute.

Adverbial clauses

These types of dependent sentences in complex structures refer either to the predicate or to the entire main part and answer the question like?, joining with comparative conjunctions as if, as, as, as, exactly. Comparative clauses differ from comparative phrases in that they have a grammatical basis. For example: The polar bear cub so funny fell on its side and lifted its paws up, it's like a naughty boy playing happily in the sandbox with his friends.

Adverbial clauses

Dependent sentences in a compound construction, denoting circumstances in spite of which the action indicated in the main part has been committed or can be committed, are called subordinate concessions. You can ask them questions: despite what? in spite of what? and attach to the main one with the help of concessive unions at least (although), let (let) that, for nothing, despite and some others. Allied combinations are often used: no matter how much, no matter what, when no, no matter who, no matter how and the like. Example: Even though the panda cubs were having fun, their dark spots around the eyes gave the impression of sad thoughtfulness.

A literate person should always remember: when writing sentences that are part of a complex one, they are separated by commas.

Causative clauses contain an indication of the reason or justification for what is said in the main part of the sentence. Such dense grass grew only along the shores of the lake, because there was enough moisture here.(M.-Sib.)
(cause). On the lower floor, under the balcony, the windows were probably open, because women's voices and laughter were clearly heard.(Ch.) (the clause does not indicate the reason for what is reported in the main ( the windows are open not because voices were heard, but because someone opened them), but explains on what basis the speaker has established that the windows are open, i.e. justifies what is said in the main part of the sentence).

The distinction between subordinate causes and grounds is connected with the conditionality of the phenomena of reality in question: in sentences with subordinate causes, cause-and-effect relationships are reflected, and in sentences with subordinate clauses of the base, the ground-conclusion relationship (made by the speaker).

Subordinate causes are attached to the main part through unions and allied combinations because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, then that, since, because, for, good, in connection with the fact that, especially since.

Subordinate reasons are usually placed after the main part of the sentence, except when it is necessary to emphasize the reason or justification for something and indicate the effect: Because you can’t cry and resent aloud, Vasya is silent, wringing his arms and kicking his legs.(Ch.).

The broadest causal meaning is expressed by clauses with conjunctions because, because: He did not take any overtime or additional work, because he spent all his free time in the experimental workshop.(Nikolaev); The third corps had to be reinforced with an artillery battalion, since it was on its sector that an offensive was expected.(Bondarev).

Clauses with unions thanks to and because of have narrower meanings, namely: the first usually indicate a favorable, and the second - an unfavorable cause. Wed: Due to the fact that the train schedule was strictly observed, the number of traffic increased significantly.(From newspapers) and Due to the fact that the train schedule was not respected, the number of traffic decreased.

Adverbs with union due to the fact that express a weakened causal meaning, sometimes an indirect cause, and with the union especially since is the most important reason. Wed: Optional classes were held irregularly, due to the fact that the lecturer failed to really interest students and In many cases I did not want to repeat the purely abstract and idealistic thoughts of the German philosopher, especially since in these cases he was not true to himself and paid tribute to his age.(Herzen).

Clauses with unions all the more so, good and for always stand after the main part and have an additional connotation of meaning: The dogs climbed far into the kennels, since there was no one to bark at(Goncharov); It is known that, when crossing fast rivers, one should not look at the water, because immediately the head will spin ( Lermontov).

A feature of causal unions, including what, is that they can be used dissectedly, with a pause before what, and as an integral allied group. When dismembering the union, only the union remains in the subordinate part of the sentence what, and the first part of the union is included in the main part of the sentence as a demonstrative word, in other cases, the entire allied group is placed in the subordinate part of the sentence: Sergei was embarrassed because he spoke with Savva in such a strict and emphasized official tone.(arr.); The market was full of people because it was Sunday(L.).

In this form of NGN with correlative words that's why, that's why, for that reason, on that basis in the main part, the indication of the cause is emphasized by intensifying and restrictive particles ( exactly, exactly, just, only etc.): Yes, and this time he went to Pokhvisnev only because he happened to be in that area(Leon.); introductory phrases maybe first of all etc.: Young grouse did not respond to my whistle for a long time, probably because I whistled not naturally enough(T.); when denied with an indication of a possible, but in fact, no reason: She didn't come back to please him, she just wanted to be at home.. The American has not yet sent money, on the grounds that, they say, the translator’s fee has not yet paid off(M. G.).

Notes:

From NGN with subordinate causes, it is necessary to distinguish a number of NGNs, the subordinate clauses of which combine causal and other meanings:

a) NGN with subordinate explanatory-objectives have a causal connotation of meaning: I feel like tormenting a student because he loves beer and opera more than science.(Chekhov). Telegin was delighted not so much with the upcoming production of The Robbers, but with the fact that Dasha finally found a job(A.N. Tolstoy).

b) Often, additional causal shades of meaning have subordinate clauses of different types, if in the main predicates they express an emotional state or assessment: He is happy to see you(Explanatory Dictionary) (objective meaning with an additional causal connotation); Samoilenko he[deacon] called him a tarantula, his batman a drake, and was delighted when one day von Koren called Laevsky and Nadezhda Fedorovna macaques(Chekhov) (temporary meaning with a causal connotation); - Perhaps... – agreed Laevsky, who was too lazy to think and contradict(Chekhov) (determinative-connective meaning with an additional causal connotation).

(Orally) Thus, in the Russian language there is a complex system of synonymous constructions for expressing causal and causal relationships. In NGN with subordinate causes, these relationships are expressed most clearly, with the greatest logical certainty: The scouts were presented for the award, as they obtained important information(causation relationship) and Since the scouts obtained important information, they were presented for a reward.(causal relationship; in the foreground - the meaning of the cause). Wed in other types of NGN: The scouts obtained very important information, so they were presented to award(in the foreground - the meaning of the consequence with an additional connotation of meaning); The scouts obtained important information, which is why they were presented for a reward.(connection relations, additional message contains an indication of the consequence); Scouts who obtained important information were presented for an award(attributive relations with an additional causal shade arising from the semantic relationship of parts). In all such sentences there are no special words that would indicate the reason. Wed in SSP and BSS: Scouts obtained important information, and they were presented to award; The scouts were presented for the award: they obtained important information etc. In such sentences, the causal (2) or causal (1) meaning follows from the semantic correlation of the parts, from the correlation of the aspectual-temporal forms of verbs-predicates and is non-differentially connected with the temporal meaning: When the scouts obtained important information, they were presented to award; The scouts were presented with a reward when they obtained important information.

Lesson 14

Adverbial clauses replace the position of circumstances of various kinds and answer questions specific to circumstances. The following types of adverbial clauses are presented in Russian: time, place, cause, effect, condition, concession, comparison, mode of action, measure and degree. In all three educational complexes, these types of subordinate clauses are distinguished, but the subordinate modes of action and degrees are combined in them into one group.
Complex sentences with clauses of time

The subordinate tense refers to the entire main part, indicates the time of the action in the main part, answers the questions when? how long? since when? How long? and joins the main part with the help of subordinating conjunctions when, how, until, barely, only, before, while, until, since, suddenly, etc .:

Since we have known each other, you have not given me anything but suffering (M. Yu. Lermontov).

As soon as you stop, he begins a long tirade (M. Yu. Lermontov).

If there is a word with the meaning of time in the main part, including the demonstrative word then, the subordinate clause is joined by the allied word when, stands after this word in the main part and refers specifically to it:

Today, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden (M. Yu. Lermontov) - the subordinate clause refers to the adverb now and is joined by the allied word when, which is a circumstance.

From sentences with a correlative adverb in the main part, sentences with complex conjunctions, which can be divided into two parts by a comma, must be distinguished. Such unions are found not only in NGN with subordinate clauses, but in their other types. Breaking the union with a comma does not change its part-of-speech affiliation and the type of the subordinate clause. For example, the sentences It has been raining since we have returned and It has been raining since we have returned have the same conjunction since.

The scientific literature also presents a point of view, according to which, when dismembering the conjunction with a comma, it splits into two parts, the first part is included in the main sentence as a correlative word, and the second plays the role of the union. The type of the subordinate clause may change. For example, the sentence This happened at a time when no one was in this case should be interpreted not as a NGN with a tense clause, but as a NGN with an attributive clause.

In the absence of an index word, the subordinate part in the NGN of time can be in any position in relation to the main part. There are only two cases when the position of the subordinate part is fixed.

1) the union is used as, as suddenly, expressing the attitude of surprise, surprise between the situations named in the main and subordinate parts. The subordinate part comes after the main part:

Already my hat was almost full of nuts, when I suddenly heard a rustle (A. S. Pushkin);

2) a two-component (double) union is used when - then, only - how, when - then, etc. The second component of these unions is placed in the main part and can be omitted; the subordinate part is located in front of the main:

As soon as I put on a cloak, it began to snow (M. Yu. Lermontov).
Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Adnexal places indicate the place or direction of movement, answer the questions where? where? where? They do not refer to the entire main part, but to one word in it - the circumstance of the place, expressed by the pronominal adverb (there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere). The means of communication in NGN with subordinate places are allied words where, where, from where, acting in the syntactic function of circumstances:

And there, in the mind, where yesterday there were so many sounds, there was only emptiness left (K. G. Paustovsky).

In colloquial speech, the correlative adverb in the main part can be omitted, and this part becomes incomplete, the subordinate part refers to this omitted adverb, for example: He went where he wanted, where the word there is missing in the main part.

Usually subordinate clauses are placed after the demonstrative word in the main part. The location of the subordinate part in front of the main part is presented only in colloquial speech, mainly in proverbs and sayings:

Where it is thin, it breaks there.
Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Subordinate causes refer to the entire main part, the reasons matter, answer the questions why? from what? and join the main unions because, because, since, for, good, due to the fact that, since, especially since and under .:

They are hungry because there is no one to feed them, they cry because they are deeply unhappy (A.P. Chekhov).

Every work is important, because it ennobles a person (L. T.)

The subordinate clause of the cause is usually located after the main part, however, when using a two-component union, the subordinate clause can stand before the main, in which the second component of this union is placed:

Since we are all as one for technology and for its exposure, we will ask Mr. Woland! (M. A. Bulgakov)
Complex sentences with subordinate corollaries

The subordinate corollary refers to the entire main part, has the meaning of a consequence, conclusion, joins the main part with a union so that and is always after the main part. The subordinate corollary answers the question what happened as a result of this?:

He immediately fell asleep, so that when I asked, I heard only his even breathing.

They do not belong to SPP with a clause of the consequence of the sentence, in the main part of which there is an adverb so, and in the clause - the union that: Over the summer, he grew up so that he became taller than everyone in the class; it is a NGN with a clause of measure and degree.

Do not belong to the group under consideration and sentences, parts of which are connected by a coordinative or non-union connection and in the second part of which adverbs are presented because and therefore: It was good weather, and therefore we went to the lake (SSP); It started to rain, so we had to leave (BSP).
Complex sentences with subordinate conditions

The subordinate condition refers to the entire main part, the condition matters, answers the question under what condition? and joins the main one with the help of subordinating conjunctions if, when (in the meaning of the union if), if, as soon as, once, if, etc .:

His face would have seemed quite young, if not for the rough corporal folds that crossed the cheeks and neck (I. Ilf and E. Petrov).

And what an operation when a person is over sixty! (K. Paustovsky)

Subordinate conditions can occupy any position in relation to the main part.

Two-component unions can participate in the design of a conditional connection: if - then, if - so, if - then, and all of them can be replaced by a simple union if (that is, their second part is not mandatory). In this case, the subordinate part comes before the main part:

If the weather is the same tomorrow, then I will go to the city by the morning train (A.P. Chekhov).
Complex sentences with subordinate goals

The clause of purpose refers to the entire main part, has the meaning of purpose, answers the questions for what purpose? why? and joins the main part with unions so that (so that), in order to, in order to, then so that, so that, if only, if only, if only:

They put chains under the wheels instead of brakes so that they would not roll out, took the horses by the bridle and began to descend (M. Yu. Lermontov).
These NGN sometimes use a demonstrative word then:

I came here to explain myself.

Conjunctions used in NGN with subordinate clauses are often separated by a comma:

I invited you, gentlemen, in order to report the most unpleasant news (N.V. Gogol).
Complex sentences with subordinate concessions

The subordinate clause refers to the entire main part and has a concessive meaning - it names the situation, contrary to which the event named in the main part takes place. To the subordinate part, you can put questions in spite of what? contrary to what? The subordinate clause of concession is joined by subordinating conjunctions although (at least), despite the fact that, for nothing, let, let, or with allied words whoever, wherever, whatever, how much, etc .:

It was dirty almost everywhere on the street, although it had rained last night (F. Sologub) - a means of communication - a union, though.

Whatever the feelings that overwhelmed Bomze, his face did not leave the expression of innate nobility (I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - a means of communication - what is the allied word, which is part of the predicate.

No matter how much Ivan added a step, the distance between the pursued and them did not decrease at all (M. A. Bulgakov) - a means of communication - an allied word how much, which is a circumstance.

The union can be two-component with the second part but, yes, however; these components can also be used when using allied words:

Oddly enough, the novelty of the paper calmed the chairman (I. Ilf and E. Petrov) a little.

And although the insensible body is equal to decaying everywhere, but closer to the sweet limit, I would still like to rest (A. S. Pushkin).
Complex sentences with subordinate comparisons

The relative clause extends the entire main part. The content of the main part is compared with the content of the subordinate. From the main part to the subordinate one can put questions like how? like what? like what? The subordinate clause is joined by comparative conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, like as, just as, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if:

Prince Vasily always spoke lazily, like an actor reciting the role of an old play. (L. N. Tolstoy)

But now a wide and dull sound flew from the ocean, as if a bubble had burst in the sky. (A. N. Tolstoy)

Rolling shook, got up from his chair, the pipe fell out of his mouth, his purple lips twisted, as if he wanted to and could not utter a word (A. N. Tolstoy).

In the main part of the NGN with a comparative clause, a demonstrative word can be used in such a way, which, however, is not obligatory: He laughed so merrily, as if he heard the most witty joke in his life.

It is necessary to distinguish between subordinate comparative and comparative turnover. In the comparative clause there is a predicate or secondary members of the predicate group, that is, dependent on the predicate word. In comparative turnover, the predicate group is not represented:

The wildebeest accepted the subdued brute and drove on, swaying like a funeral chariot (I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - a comparative turn, a circumstance.

Comparisons of NGN with relative clauses are close to NGN with relative clauses, in which one part is compared with the other and the second is joined to the first with the help of the union than - those; in both parts of such a sentence, the comparative degrees of the adjective or adverb are presented:

And the brighter the colors became in his imagination, the more difficult it was for him to sit down at a typewriter (V. Nabokov).

In these sentences, the main part is considered to be the second part, containing the component of the union of topics.

A special group within the NGN with comparative clauses is formed by those that do not refer to the entire main part, but to one word in it - to the form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb or to the words different, different, different, different, different. The subordinate part joins the main part with the help of unions than, than. Relations between parts - comparative or contrastive:

Time passed more slowly than clouds crawled across the sky (M. Gorky).
Complex sentences with adverbial modalities

The adjective of mode of action answers the questions how? how ?, refers to one word in the main part - the demonstrative pronominal adverb so or the combination in this way (sometimes they are omitted) and joins the main part with an allied word like:

Gaston only clenched his jaw, but behaved as needed (A. N. Tolstoy)

Adventitious modalities are located behind the main part.
Complex sentences with subordinate measures and degrees

Subordinate measures and degrees denote the measure or degree of what can be measured in terms of quantity, quality, intensity. They answer the question to what extent? and join the main part with unions that, so that, as, as if, as if, etc., or with allied words, how much, how much.

Subordinate clauses with conjunctions that, in order to refer to words like this, such, so much, so and turnovers to such an extent, to such an extent, have the additional meaning of the consequence:

He stood at such a height that people from below had to look at him with their heads thrown back (D. Merezhkovsky).

Here horror seized Berlioz to such an extent that he closed his eyes (M. Bulgakov).

A separate group among NGNs with subordinate measures and degrees are those in which the subordinate part is attached to words as much, so much with the help of allied words, how much. In these sentences, only the meaning of measure and degree is expressed and there is no additional connotation of the consequence:

I was as upset as it could be.

Adnexal measures and degrees may have an additional connotation of comparison; in this case, they are joined by comparative conjunctions:

Such a ringing and singing stood on the main street, as if a driver in a fishing tarpaulin overall was carrying not a rail, but a deafening musical note (I. Ilf and E. Petrov).