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How to install an electromagnetic lock. Magnetic lock controller connection diagram Electromagnetic lock on the front door diagram

The lock on the door performs several tasks: it protects the premises from unauthorized entry and at the same time combines ease of operation with design features. Popular are magnetic locks, which can be found in the office or other premises. How to install them on front door, and on which device to stop, we will tell in the article.

Types

To make sure that installing a lock on the front door is justified, you will have to study in detail the nuances of these mechanisms. Among the huge variety, the following types are distinguished:

  • passive,
  • electromagnetic.

Passive is characterized by the absence of power supply, which is reflected in its weak holding force.

The electromagnetic one does not function without power supply, while the holding force reaches 1 ton.

Depending on the installation method, they are:

  • overhead, installed using metal corners and do not interact with the handle;
  • mortise, installed in the door leaf;
  • semi-mortise, installed in the door, but have separate parts protruding above its surface.

By type of locking they are:

  • holding;
  • shear.

Shear is characterized by the fact that the tongue of the device is needed to fix the magnet, so it is cut into the door or gate.

It is interesting! Electromotor is a bit similar to electromechanical in principle of operation. The difference is that the movement of the levers is possible thanks to a small electric motor.

It is customary to use electromagnetic for equipment in underground mines and in other places where there is a risk of explosion.

Design

The main elements are:

  • core,
  • coil,
  • frame.

For the manufacture of the core, magnetically soft materials are taken. The winding looks like a coil with 300-1000 turns of copper wire. Non-magnetic materials such as aluminum are suitable for the case.


Design

It is interesting! A small lock is used as often as a large one. It can be seen in large enterprises in ordinary office buildings.

Equipment

To install, you must purchase additional elements included in the kit and without which its operation is impossible.

Equipment:

  • the castle itself
  • controller,
  • a device for reading information, it is equipped with a code mechanism and other types of products;
  • set of keys
  • a set of buttons to ensure exit from the room,
  • power unit,
  • a set of electrical wires for connecting elements.

Equipment

Wiring diagram

The diagram can be seen in the figure below. This is an L winding with a core.

In the absence of power, due to self-induction, the decaying current continues to flow in the same direction, which increases the voltage on the part used.

If the control is performed by the relay, then sparking of the contacts occurs, which is fraught with rapid wear. Sometimes, to reduce the effect of self-induction, a bidirectional protective diode is added to the circuit, which stops the voltage increase when the circuit is broken.


Scheme

How does it work

Locks are used on industrial enterprises and in office buildings. But how do they work? - due to the coordinated action of opposite charges with a magnetic field.

This principle of operation makes it possible to divide these products into active and passive ones.

Advice! For installation on interior doors, a passive type is suitable.

The passive lock has a simple but effective device. It does not contain mechanical parts and consists of two elements:

  • metal plate,
  • magnet.

To open such a door, it is necessary to pull the handle, which leads to the opening of the elements.


electromagnetic model

Two types of penetration

An important criterion for this product is the holding force. This is a high mechanical pull-off load, which is measured in kg. Each company during production indicates this indicator as products for 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg.

For internal doors enough parameter up to 150 kg. For steel structure you need more than 1000 kg. Ordinary webs are equipped with devices with a holding force of 300 kg to 500 kg.

All locks of this class meet the GOST standards, where the maximum holding force is prescribed, which is 500 kg.

How does the supply voltage affect the holding force

The dependence of these values ​​can be traced in the presented figure. If a voltage less than 19 V is noted, then the force indicator drops sharply. When this indicator is increased to 12 V, a slight increase in the strength indicator is observed. But at 14-15 V, the winding can overheat and damage the lock.


Supply voltage

To avoid such problems, it is necessary to correctly install, paying attention to the voltage, and then be sure to check. If it is higher than 115 V, then a resistor is installed to lower it.

To determine the resistance of a resistor, the formula is used:

R \u003d U / I \u003d 2 V / 0.33 A \u003d 6.06 Ohm,

in this case, the power is determined by the formula:

P \u003d U x I \u003d 2 V x 0.33 A \u003d 0.66 W.

Where U is the required voltage drop of 2 V,

I is the operating current of the M1-300 device 0.33 A.

To determine the value of the resistor, you can use the table, while its optimal power is considered to be a number of at least 1 W.

remanence

An important indicator will be the indicator of residual magnetization. It depends on the material from which the armature and the magnetic circuit are made, on the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating of the surfaces.

It is important! When using such a lock, it is necessary to ensure that the indicator does not change upwards.

To reduce the influence of the coating on the remanence index, it is necessary to use electrically demagnetization, which is based on the transformation of the voltage phase when the demagnetizing lock is in the active phase.

It is important! It is worth considering that in the absence of electricity, this indicator is not compensated, so you need to make an effort to open the door.


Varieties

Installation has a few simple rules that are recommended to be followed. But first, let us recall that products with magnetic action are divided into three types:

  • Overhead.
  • Mortise.
  • Semi-mortise.

The easiest installation of an overhead design, in which you do not need to prepare any holes for fastening. These include AGB Mediana Polaris or Apecs 5300-MC.


Connection

To perform this work, you need to prepare a standard set of tools:

  • pencil,
  • drill,
  • screwdriver,
  • hammer and chisel,
  • building level and tape measure.

Installation is carried out in several stages:

  • On the door frame, mark the place for mounting the device.
  • Apply markings on the door for the future location of the response element.
  • A stencil is applied, which allows you to determine the number of holes for fastening and their diameter, and only then install the counter element.
  • Then the mounting element is attached, and a check is made for the operability of the device.

How to choose

All locks of this class are produced with a force range from 40 to 500 kg, so the question of what to choose in a given situation is not accidental. If the choice is made incorrectly, then a product with a holding force of up to 500 kg can be opened even with the help of a shoulder, so its choice must be taken carefully.

If the door leaf opens towards itself, then the maximum force that can be used will be 120-150 kg. If it opens inward, then a force of up to 400 kg is allowed, in some cases even more. To open a sliding door, you will have to use from 90 to 150 kg, but here you need to remember that when using 100-150 kg, office interior doors can collapse.

In order for locks to be used effectively, it is necessary to make right choice. There are a few tips for this:

  • The coating of the product must be nickel or zinc.
  • When choosing a mechanism, consider the type of product, its shape and model.
  • Pay close attention to the rated load.
  • If the door is heavy, then, in addition to such a mechanism, it is recommended to install a door closer.

Doors with a magnetic mechanism have a long service life and almost do not break. Even if the canvas sags, the lock will close without change. The only thing not recommended is to repair it yourself. The reason for consulting a specialist may be bad job magnets, non-recognition of the SIM card or other troubles that only the master can remove.

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Installing a door is always a very important and crucial moment. Fulfilling this process, you need a certain skill, skills and a considerable stock of knowledge. The canvas practically does not perform any useful features. It can be easily opened with a normal push or even a draft. In this case, it becomes clear that the lock is the most important component that allows you to fix the canvas in the desired position. It also makes it possible to restrict access to the premises to unwanted individuals, increases security and adds confidence to residents. One of the most reliable locks is the electromagnetic type. It is durable, has no mechanical elements and is quite easy to open with a special key. But, the installation of an electromagnetic lock on the door has many nuances and differs from the installation of the usual type.

Let's talk today about electromagnetic locks, their design, selection and installation procedure. This will provide an opportunity to learn in more detail all the features and "pitfalls" that may occur during the installation.

Applications and design

Electromagnetic locks can be used in almost all types of doors. Naturally, it makes no sense to install them at the entrance to the bathroom and toilet. And the hollow structure will not allow this to be done. But if you take it completely wooden doors then everything is possible here.

The principle of operation of the lock on the magnet

Also, electromagnetic locks are often used on entrance, interior doors, and even on gates. But it is worth remembering that these locking devices work due to electricity. For this reason, it is mandatory to completely seal the mechanism when used outdoors.

The magnetic type of the locking device consists of an anchor with a high magnetic permeability, and a housing with a built-in electromagnet. They are installed on different parts doorway (on the canvas and box). The electromagnet can create a rather large attraction force and due to this it is possible to achieve a fixation effect. The industry today offers a wide variety of models of locking devices of this type. But the principle of operation for all of them is the same.

The electromagnetic lock on the door works due to the supply of electricity to the main working element. To do this, connect to electrical network and applying voltage to the magnet to create a field. This is both a plus and a minus. The positive side is the ability to disable the operation of the electromagnet to open the door by simply breaking the circuit. The downside is the non-functionality of the device without electricity (disconnected or simply cut the wire).

Types of magnetic devices

most main characteristic electromagnetic locks is the adhesive force. Given value can be in the range from 150 kg to 1200 kg at break. Agree, this is quite a lot, since the average person cannot create efforts of more than 130 kg.

The device of the electromagnetic mechanism

As a rule, in locking devices for interior doors the weakest magnets are used (within 150 kg to break). Entrance mechanisms require a stronger pull, and here the minimum value starts from 250 kg. If you look at heavy metal doors, due to their enormous weight, they require an adhesive force of at least 1000 kg in order to reliably protect the room from unwanted persons. The most striking example is the device on the entrance doors to the entrance.

Electromagnetic locks are divided into two main types:

  • by type of lock;
  • by type of management.

Additionally, there are more subspecies. So, depending on the type of locking, these elements are divided into:

  • holding, where the work of the anchor is in separation. Overhead options are most often found here. There are also mortise ones, but they are much less commonly used, since they have a much lower adhesion force;
  • sliding, where the work of the anchor is to shift. This type is mainly mortise and requires strict adherence to the location parameters specified in the instructions.

Depending on the type of control, all such types are divided into:

  • those with Hall effect sensors. They require additional power and are a special microcircuit;
  • those that work from the element of the reed switch. There is no need to apply a constant voltage here, since the device itself is short-circuited under the action of a magnet and maintains a constant voltage.

The scheme of the electromagnetic lock

Preparing for installation

Before carrying out the installation of an electromagnetic type of device on your own, preparation is a prerequisite. The fact is that this procedure requires the most serious approach, since you will have to deal with electricity.

So, for installation of this type, you will definitely need:

  • building level;
  • roulette;
  • wire cutters;
  • fasteners;
  • pliers;
  • drill;
  • a hammer;
  • pencil;
  • drill or screwdriver.

Depending on the box and the type of lock, special corners may still be needed. They are not included in the package, so you will definitely have to buy them. You may also need a core, a tap and other elements for working with wood and metal.

Additionally, before installation, you need to take care of the current-carrying part. If the installation is planned on the interior entrance part, then the wires must be laid here before the platbands are fixed. In case of entrance group- before the walls are finished, since everything is hidden under the coating.

Electromagnetic door lock

If the preparation is carried out correctly, then you can proceed to the installation of the electromagnetic lock with your own hands.

Carrying out the installation of an electromagnetic lock

As a rule, detailed installation documentation is included with the device. It may differ slightly from our instructions, but, nevertheless, the procedure consists of the following steps:

  1. From the very beginning, it is imperative to mark the installation area. It is marked with a pencil.
  2. The stencil plate is fixed on door leaf in the right place.
  3. With the help of drills and various devices, holes of the desired diameter are created. An anchor is installed on the sash itself. The fasteners used in this case depend on the material of which the base consists. Also at this stage, a seat is made for the element itself. It all depends on its type.
  4. The required wires are brought into the mounting place for the box itself with an electromagnet. Everything is connected according to the diagram that comes with the instructions.
  5. The box is fastened with special fasteners and checked for performance.

It should be noted that the installation of this type of locking device is also possible with connection to security system. In this case, the technology of the procedure is slightly different and it is almost impossible to carry it out on your own. Here, all work is carried out by specialists who are provided by the security service.

Naturally, when using the electromagnetic type and its installation, there are some tricks that will later allow you to fully use this device without breakdowns and other inconveniences. Experts shared some of them in order to significantly “simplify” life for everyone. So, the very first thing to do is to place the controller in a special bag. This solution will avoid its failure.

After installation, be sure to check the condition of the plate. This must be carried out for further normal coupling with the electromagnet. The problem with electromagnetic locks is the exponential decrease in cohesive force with respect to distance from the source. Here even a couple of millimeters plays a big role! When moisture gets on the plate, the oxidation process begins. Oxide and hydroxide do not allow the mechanism to fully work, which subsequently leads to a decrease in the adhesion force.

Installing an electromagnetic lock on the door requires mandatory fastening with self-tapping screws or special elements. In this case, due to the regular static load and the periodic appearance of a dynamic one, they tend to weaken their strength. This value must also be checked so that the plate does not fall off in the future. It will be possible to remove it only when the lock is completely disconnected from electricity.

In most cases, the controller runs as a separate device. Here you must have a master key. It allows you to encode cards for entry. In some cases, such keys are lost by careless owners. In this case, you should pay attention to what is in the box. There is a fallback here, which will in any case allow you to perform encryption operations without a key.

Also, experts recommend that if you do not have the proper experience in installing this kind of locking mechanism, then you need to be extremely careful. It's all about the live parts. Some owners confuse the input-output terminals. In addition, they leave very large open parts, which can later be shortened on the door body. This significantly reduces the life of the lock and the safety of using the device.

Knowing detailed instructions installation and observing the rules of operation, you can easily select and install this type of device on any type of door. But it is worth remembering that in some cases it is impossible to do without the help of specialists.

Equipping your home, each owner achieves not only beauty, but also reliability. Primarily we are talking about castles. They are enough a large number of, different in price, features and characteristics. A special place among them is occupied by an electromagnetic lock.

Device

The design of this element is simple. The basis is the core in the winding. It is located in a special building. The core is made of sheets The use of this material is due to the low magnetized effect. And to reduce residual stress, it is enough to apply a special paint and varnish composition.

Most often, the design consists of small plates that are welded together and form the letter "Sh". A winding is a coil with many turns copper wire enamelled. The body is steel or aluminium. The use of plastic is allowed, but this reduces the durability of the structure and its reliability.

Principle of operation

The mechanism begins to function when the magnetic elements are activated. This happens when voltage is applied to the case and winding through the core. Only 5 W of voltage is enough to interlock doors weighing up to 150 kg.

Turning the lock on and off forms an oscillatory circuit with an alternating current acting on it. Charging is carried out by means of a capacitor through the winding, as a result of which the magnetic polarity changes. The residual current goes to remagnetization. It happens that the capacitor fails. Then the door opens with considerable effort. This can only be eliminated by replacing the part, while installing it in parallel with the terminals.

Kinds

There are electromagnetic locks by type:

  • Retaining.
  • Shear.

In the shear device, the magnet is fixed by the lock tongue, therefore, such structures are subject to insertion into the door or gate.

In the holding version, the magnet holds the leaves that open. It is allowed to install several such elements around the entire perimeter of the opening.

Mounting tools

Installing an electromagnetic lock is a simple matter, so it can also be done on your own. To do this, you will need the following tools:

  • Pencil to make the necessary marks for installation.
  • Drill. If a mortise structure is being installed, then holes for mounting bolts must be drilled under it.
  • Screwdriver or screwdriver.
  • Hammer and chisel.
  • Building level and tape measure.

Beginning of installation

Installation of an electromagnetic lock on the door begins with markings at the installation site. It can be both horizontal and vertical. The main thing is to observe the condition of indentation from the door hinges. You can determine the place for the counter plate by applying the main device to the canvas. Next is her stencil. Then the fastener details are marked.

After that, drilling holes is performed, after checking the diameter of the drill. The plate is fixed with washers. Two nuts are screwed onto the screws: on the side where the door jamb is first steel, and then rubber. This will allow the structure to oscillate unhindered while still ensuring a good fit of the core.

You can determine the location of the corner of the plate by applying the main part of the lock. The plate is then moved to the right side using a hexagon. At the same time, the fixing bolt is loosened in order to check whether the installation of the door electromagnetic lock has been carried out correctly. A prerequisite for the correct functioning of the locking element is the parallel installation of the plate to the base.

Types of installation

Do-it-yourself installation of an electromagnetic lock depends on the type of door:

  • Installation is carried out on top of the inner part of the jamb, while the core is placed in the center. The second element is placed on the opposite side. Additional fasteners are not required.
  • In a glass-type door, installation is carried out by internal organization contacts, and a corner is used instead of a steel plate. The door opens into the room.
  • An electromagnetic lock, which is installed on a door with a narrow jamb, is additionally supplied with corners. They help expand the installation area.
  • When it is necessary for the door to open towards the lock, its contact pad and plate are fixed in a vertical position with the help of corners.

Further installation

After the marking lines of the future castle are outlined, holes are drilled.

Next, at the installation site, you need to make a niche. This is done with the help of milk and a chisel. Installing an electromagnetic lock on metal door carried out at the stage of manufacturing the door itself. But if this happens during its operation, then part of the skin is removed to make a niche.

The lock case is installed in the niche, after which it is fixed. The response bar is set according to the same principle.

Optional equipment

The electromagnetic main elements of which are completed, require installation. They can be a controller, an input button or a power supply. These elements are installed indoors, but the reader is mounted outside. Additional devices are attached to the wall adjacent to the door, but not to its canvas.

For self-fastening of these elements you need:

  • make a markup in the selected place;
  • make holes for fasteners;
  • to install and fix devices.

Connection

Connecting an electromagnetic lock, which was installed independently, is also easy. To do this, you need a circuit that is attached to the lock kit, and minimal skills in working with electricity.

The main element in the operation of the lock is the controller. All other components are connected to it. The connection must be made insulated wires twin-core type with a cross section of at least 0.5 mm. So that the wires do not spoil the interior, they can be hidden in the wall or in a special box.

Video intercom connection

The video intercom is connected to the lock, like other elements, through the controller. In this case, a four-wire wire is already used. When connecting a video intercom, follow these steps:

  • The communication panel located outside the room and the device must be connected. Often the communication panel and the reader are located in the same place.
  • Connect the power supply from the intercom to the controller.
  • Optionally connect the lock and the controller to allow the locking mechanism to be opened by the video intercom.
  • Connect the panel to call to the controller.

Lock control options

All control of the electromagnetic lock is carried out using the controller.

That, in turn, has the following functions:

  • transmission of a signal to open the lock;
  • power supply to fix the locking mechanism;
  • key coding.

All keys must be configured before using the lock. This is done as follows:

  • When connecting for the first time, the key that comes with the kit is brought to the controller.
  • The controller must be put into recording mode by means of a jumper.
  • After that, the remaining keys are brought to the reader and programmed.
  • The controller must be put into operation mode.

When all the keys are prepared, the lock will automatically lock, and you can open it with one of the sets of ready-made keys.

Gate lock

Installation of an electromagnetic lock on the gate can be carried out independently. This will require the same set of tools as for mounting on the door. The sequence of actions is as follows:

  • Holes of a smaller diameter than self-tapping screws are drilled in the metal frame of the gate.
  • The lock is fastened with self-tapping screws.
  • The reciprocal level is fixed on the gate leaf.
  • The wires from the reader are passed along the far body of the gate, while fixing the device on the fence or gate leaf.
  • The controller is installed at a convenient distance and in a place so that it is convenient to read keys from it in the future.
  • An opening button is installed on the inside of the gate.

After these manipulations, it is necessary to connect the electromagnetic lock, which was installed on the fence gate.

The wires are connected to the reader and terminals. Throughout the entire wiring, it must be covered in a special plastic tray that will protect it from moisture and other weather conditions. After successful programming, you can begin to operate.

So, we figured out how to install an electromagnetic lock with our own hands.

At the moment, electromagnetic lock has received wide use as a locking device for doors. After all, we already live in the 21st century and must use all new technologies to maintain the safety of our homes and industrial areas. It is electromagnetic locks that are the device that will provide us with a full guarantee against the penetration of unauthorized persons into our facility.

Why are such locks better than conventional - mechanical ones? First of all, this is the simplicity of these locks in operation, as well as the ease of installation on any door. If we also take into account that electromagnetic locks are not so expensive, and their service life is very long, then any of us will give preference to just such locks.

The principle of operation of any electromagnetic lock is very simple. Such a lock keeps the door closed thanks to an electromagnet. The electromagnet attracts the iron plate, which is fixed on the door, and your door will be securely locked. You can control such a lock using a special button or use a special control system that will work when you enter a special code.

The quality of an electromagnetic lock primarily depends on the attractive force of the electromagnet, and the greater it is, the stronger your lock will be. Do not forget that in the event of a sudden power outage, such locks do not perform their main function, so you need to take care of an independent power supply or install additional mechanical locks.

Considering that electromagnetic locks are widely used in the construction and equipment of the so-called "smart home" the best option will provide an independent power source in your home. With such a source, the entire power system of your home will automatically switch to autonomous power in the event of a power outage.

Like any other locks, electromagnetic ones have various designs, and in particular, they can work for shear or for separation. And of course they can be, like mechanical ones, overhead or mortise. It is up to you to choose, but do not forget to take into account the installation location of such locks.

The service life of electromagnetic locks is very long due to their simple design. After all, such locks do not have moving parts in their design, which allows them to work in any climatic zone.

Such locks are very convenient when installing them on the front doors of your house or plot. After all, you can open the door without leaving the house for the expected guests, and after they enter, the door will automatically be closed.

The very operation of the electromagnetic lock is very simple and each of us can install and understand the operation of such a locking device. On the door frame you fix an electromagnet, which must be powered by direct voltage, and an iron plate is attached to the door itself. When the electromagnet is activated, the plate is attracted and the door is automatically locked. Everything is very simple and reliable. When you press the exit button, you turn off the electromagnetic field, and your door opens.

The article contains diagrams for connecting an electromagnetic lock to various equipment.

  • Solenoid, Z-5R, Matrix-2
  • Electromagnet, Matrix-2K
  • Electromagnet code panel

Magnetic lock connection diagram for z-5r and matrix-II

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that a shunt diode must be installed on the electric lock. It will remove power surges that occur in the lock, especially when the voltage is removed from it.

The jumper on the controller is in the normal position. The power supply can be used with less current consumption.

Scheme of connecting matrix-IIK to an electromagnetic lock.

Scheme of connecting an electromagnetic lock to a reader combined with a controller. Well, I wrote about the diode above. Its really worth installing. In both cases, the wire from the power supply to the controller and from the controller to the lock must be of the ShVVP-2x0.75 type.

Connecting a keypad to an electromagnetic lock.

Keypads usually have a relay output. With three contacts

  • COM - common is connected to the minus of the power supply.
  • NC - Contact for connecting electromagnetic locks. BUT.
  • NO - Contact for connecting electromechanical locks. NZ.
A normally open lock is connected to a normally closed contact. ■

The main thing is that when connecting to a code panel, you always need to install a shunt diode. It must be installed on an electromagnetic lock. Some Chinese aluminum locks already sometimes have surge filters installed. And the installation of a shunt diode is optional.

It is better to look at the connection diagram for a specific code panel in the instructions from the panel. If you still need a code panel connection diagram, please leave a review about it.

Electromagnet button power supply.

You can simply connect the electromagnetic lock to the power supply. But you need to understand that there will be no opportunity to open the door from the outside. To connect, you can use a regular light switch. Turned on the door closed. Turned off the door opened. But in practice, you should not use such a connection scheme. You will have to remove the voltage and reapply.

This scheme is usually used at the checkpoints. When the decision to let it in or not is taken by the guard, and not the only door to the room is closed. In these cases, it is more convenient to use the lock control unit, I would even say the Z-396T opening timer. simple circuit connection and setting the opening time gives advantages over the Z-5R controller. An external reader cannot be connected to the timer. But you can connect the button to open the door. When pressed, the door will open for the specified time.

And information on how to set up the controller was collected in a separate article. If you have any questions please leave comments.