The year 1985 was truly a turning point in the history of the Soviet Union.

Despite certain achievements in economic and social development (in particular, by the middle of 1970 the USSR achieved military-strategic parity in terms of armaments with the United States and the entire NATO bloc), the Soviet state found itself in a deep crisis. The main reason for it was the fall in the growth rate of industry, which took place against the backdrop of the rapid industrial development of the advanced powers of the world. The policy pursued by the Soviet leadership since the time of Lenin, aimed at confrontation with the countries of "world capital" and with the ultimate goal of establishing the Soviet version of socialism throughout the world, has reached a dead end, since in the near future the USSR was to lose the status of a great power.

A distinctive feature of this period was the decline in the political influence of the CPSU and its associated political organizations, such as the Komsomol and trade unions.

The former leadership of the CPSU began to be accused of subjectivism, voluntarism, a cult of personality, a departure from the "general line of the party" and other sins.

In 1989 - 1990 the apparatus is gradually losing real power. The once united CPSU splits into various factions and groups.

In the elections in 1990 to the Supreme and local Soviets of the RSFSR, supporters of the democratic movement under the slogans "Democratic Russia", the rapid introduction of market relations, achieved serious success.

It became clear that the prospect of destroying the existing political system was approaching more and more clearly.

At the end of July 1991, these fears became even more acute. Organizational plenums were held everywhere at the direction of "from above".

In Lipetsk, the regional plenum released the first secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU V.V. Donskikh, he was replaced by V.F. Toporkov (photo).

On July 9, 1991, a plenum was held in the Stavlyansk party organization. On it, the first secretary of the district committee of the CPSU Gerasimov V.A. resigned with the wording "in connection with the transfer to another job." Instead, they elected the former secretary for ideology K.I. Malyutin, who got a difficult burden in the most difficult time for the country and the Communist Party - in August 1991 ... K.I. Malyutina (photo), actually led the underground district committee and she, first of all, had to deal with the employment of former district committee members.

As early as the beginning of 1991, there was a need to create an employment bureau. Natalya Ivanovna Rybina was appointed to the post of head. The main task of the bureau is the employment of a person.

In the middle of the same year, a tax inspectorate was created. Its main goal is to control the legislation on taxes and the correctness of their calculation, the timeliness of making state taxes and other payments to the budget established by the legislation of the Union of the USSR and the RSFSR, compliance

On August 19, 1991, a state of emergency was introduced in the country. The coup was led by the State Committee for the State of Emergency (GKChP). The main task of the GKChP was to restore the order in the USSR that existed before 1985.

Prosecutor of the Lipetsk Region A.I. Komranov supported the demands of the State Emergency Committee, and the chairman of the Small Council of the Regional Council of People's Deputies V.V. Donskikh, as well as the deputies who gathered in the House of Soviets, including the chairman of the Stanovlyansky District Council V.A. Gerasimov.

At that time, many people had a frank hatred for M.S., who had become the President of the USSR by that time. Gorbachev and his disastrous perestroika for the country. The assembled deputies in the House of Soviets frankly hoped that, finally, order would prevail in the country!

And although at a meeting in his district, V.A. Gerasimov and informed about the results of the meeting of the small regional Council, no rallies, no meetings and meetings were held in our area. Law enforcement agencies have switched to an enhanced mode of operation so that the people observe law and order in everything.

But the coup failed. He was poorly trained, there was no active operational leadership. On August 22, he was defeated, and members of the State Emergency Committee were arrested.

On August 31, 1991, an extraordinary session of the district Council of People's Deputies was held, to which people's deputies of the regional Council were also invited, at which the activities of the State Emergency Committee were condemned. At the same meeting, one decision was made on the sale of food products to residents of their region using passports.

The "democratic revolution" swept not only Moscow, it quickly reached our region.

Defenders of democracy immediately appeared in the district. These are the editor of the regional newspaper Zvezda V. Rozhnov, the head doctor of the sanitary and epidemiological station V. Dudakov, the farmer S. Kochkin and others.

On December 12, 1991, an extraordinary VII session of the district Council of People's Deputies took place in the meeting room of the district council, at which the issue of the candidacy of the head of the district administration was considered in the presence of the Head of the regional administration G. V. Kuptsov.

The Democratic Party of Russia nominated N.N. Prikhodko as a candidate for this position. - Chairman of the Committee for the Protection of Nature. The candidacy of G.I. was also proposed for the post of head. Ogurtsov - chairman of the district executive committee.

V.A. also ran for the same position. Rozhnov - Ch. editor of the Zvezda newspaper.

And although at this session the majority of voters voted for G.I. Ogurtsov, none of these candidates passed to the post of head of the administration of the Stanovlyansky district.

In December of the same year, the regional newspaper Zvezda began to publish additional listings military personnel of our fellow countrymen who died or went missing during the Great Patriotic War, as well as those who died defending or liberating the region in 1941.

In the district, they decided to create a "Book of Memory", which was published by the editors of the Zvezda newspaper in 1995.

In January 1992, the district committee of the party was reorganized into the administration. Ivan Dmitrievich Biryukov was appointed the first head of the district administration. It was a difficult time. In the country - a change in the socio-economic formation, which negatively affected all socio-economic processes.

The system of government was lost in the country, the old, planned economy was being destroyed. Part of the people lost their jobs, and those who worked, did not receive a salary for months.

According to the results of 1991, it became known in the region that the situation in animal husbandry became extremely tense: there was a decline in the production of livestock products, including milk, as well as a sharp reduction in the number of productive livestock in the collective farms and state farms of the region. Compared to 1990, the number of livestock of all types has also decreased. Increased mortality of cattle in 17 farms of the district, except for the collective farm. Sverdlov, the breeding farm "Palna-Mikhailovsky" and the state farm "Ozersky".

In November 1991, there were 14 farms and peasant farms in the region. They were allocated 542 hectares of land from the established fund, incl. 324 hectares of arable land.

In the area began migratory population growth.

In January 1992, at a meeting of the Small Council of People's Deputies, the first private enterprises were registered: "Proton" - for servicing radio equipment and "Alex" - for tailoring and repairing shoes (municipal consumer services enterprises). Their Charter was also adopted. At the same meeting, the issue of registering an individual (family) private enterprise "Impulse" and its Charter (on the basis of the Stanovoeagroservice cooperative) was considered.

In the farms of the region it is accepted new form property - economic - shared.

In 1992, the first real estate auction was held in the area. Buildings of the former Georgievskaya, Ostrovskaya, Podkhoroshenskaya and Veriginskaya schools, the Plotavsky first-aid post, the Dmitrievskaya MTS, and the Trostnovsky club were presented at the auction.

Along with this, apartments are being privatized in the district. The administration has a commission to assist those in need, for which an off-budget fund was created. Funds are allocated from it to victims of fires, in need of treatment, and to the extremely poor.

In 1992, food prices rose sharply, as did industrial goods.

Since 1993, retail outlets of entrepreneurs began to operate in the district, selling chocolate products, cigarettes, video cassettes, knitwear, and imported items.

In 1993, with the aggravation of the criminal situation, the police cadres were strengthened. Basically, there is a replenishment of such departments, on which security and public order depend.

In 1994, the economic situation in the region continues to be difficult. The number of unemployed, both registered and unregistered, is growing. People go on forced unpaid vacations.

During the first quarter of 1994, such large organizations of the region as the open-type joint-stock company Stanovoyeagroservice, DPMK and KGSO were closed.

Due to the lack of their own financial resources, enterprises are increasingly resorting to bank loans.

In the agricultural enterprises of the region, the decline in production continues.

Two construction organizations of the district continue to be inactive: (DPMK "Stanovlyanskaya" and the construction company "Stanovlyanskaya".

At the same time, the volume of industrial production is also declining.

In October 1994, the population of the region received the opportunity to receive television information about the news and events of the Lipetsk region through the Lipetsk television channel.

Thanks to the support of the district administration and, in particular, K.I. Malyutina, secretary for ideology in the RK CPSU, the culture of the region survived in the difficult 90s. Moreover, on May 6, 1995, a new cultural institution was opened - a museum-type club, the director of which was Zoya Ivanovna Provalova (in the photo - on the left).

In the same year, the first temple was opened in the village of Palna - Mikhailovka - the family estate of the Stakhoviches. Prior to this, there was not a single functioning church in the area.

In September 1995, celebrations begin in honor of the great Russian writer, Nobel Prize winner, our countryman, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Numerous guests from various parts of Russia and from many foreign countries gathered in his homeland to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the classic of literature. A celebration took place in the Bunin family estate - in the village of Ozerki.

And on the eve of the anniversary, the regional Assembly of Deputies established the annual regional award named after I. A. Bunin, which will be awarded for the most talented literary works that have received public recognition and are a significant contribution to the development of the literary traditions of the Lipetsk region.

Lipetsk writers Alexander Adpostenkov, Sergey Panyushkin and Vasily Shakhov became its first laureates.

In the winter of 1996, in the village of Ozerki, in the writer's homeland, in an abandoned building, a village club with an auditorium for 100 seats and a stage will open.

In January of the same year, the grand opening of the new House of Culture will take place in the village. Cane.

In a number of farms of the region, the technical equipment continues to decline, the volume of meat and milk production is decreasing, the productivity of livestock is decreasing more and more, and the mortality has increased even more. By the level of 1996, the sale of livestock decreased by 22%, milk by 24%. The number of cattle decreased by 2.3 thousand heads, pigs - by 3 thousand heads.

Along with this, the construction of housing in the public sector, the asphalting of roads has ceased.

Despite the economic difficulties, thanks to the efforts of the district administration and the director of JSC "Stanovlyansky distillery" V.A. Gerasimov, students of the primary classes of the Kirillovskaya secondary school on September 2, 1996, celebrated a housewarming party, crossing the threshold of a cozy new educational building.

In the same year, at Stanovaya station, a savings bank building and a dairy kitchen were opened at the territorial medical association.

In 1996, a bakery oven was commissioned at a bakery with a capacity of 1200 kg per day; fish-smoking shop with a capacity of 10 tons of products per month; smoked meat shop with a capacity of 3.5 tons per month; oil mill with a capacity of 3.5 tons per month. A great merit in this is the chairman of Raipo Nikolai Petrovich Kolupaev.

In the summer of 1996, the Church of Leading to the Temple was opened. Holy Mother of God and in the regional center. Father Dmitry was appointed church minister of the church.

Since 1997, it has become a tradition in the region to hold a professional competition "Teacher of the Year". Bradautsan N.A. became its first winner. (Stanovlyanskaya secondary school).

In 1997, wage arrears to employees of the public sector were fully repaid.

The demographic situation remained difficult. The number of deaths in 1997 exceeded the number of births by 2.4 times.

Despite the difficulties in promoting economic transformation, the economy increasingly operates according to the laws of the market.

In 1998, there were 22 agricultural enterprises in the region, 103,655 hectares of agricultural land were assigned to them, incl. 86,473 ha of arable land. There were 40 farms, having 2437 hectares of land. There were 8,500 personal subsidiary farms with 3.7 thousand hectares of land. All total area was 1349 square kilometers. The population in the region was 21.5 thousand people, including 4 thousand agricultural workers.

The head of the district administration, Ivan Dmitrievich Biryukov, did everything to prevent the collapse of the economy and social sphere district.

In May 1999, Vladimir Alekseevich Gerasimov was elected to the post of head of the district administration. CEO AOA "Stanovlyansky distillery" V. A. Gerasimov was already in charge of the district from 1987 to 1991. In 2003, he was re-elected for a second term.

All these years, under the leadership of the head of the district administration, a policy of a pronounced social orientation has been pursued.

An important place in the economy of the region is occupied by processing industry enterprises - alcohol and butter factories, which provide 20% of gross output, 59% of tax revenues at all levels. The production culture, order and discipline are maintained at the enterprises, additional jobs are created. The butter factory has mastered new types of products: packaged (packaged) milk, skimmed cheese - a semi-finished product. The manufactured products, especially butter, are in high demand among the population of the district and region.

From 2000 to 2005, work is underway on the volume capital construction. The regional programs “Your Home” and “ Mortgage credit lending».

Over the years, 4 kindergartens, 2 Houses of Culture, a Youth Leisure Center, a children's playground "Island of Childhood", a sports hall in the village of. Zlobino, the Dolphin swimming pool in Stanovoy, the registry office and the regional museum, the office of the Sberbank of the Russian Federation branch.

Our region is agricultural and therefore there is a need for agricultural personnel. Since 2000, on the basis of the Stanovlyanskaya secondary school, pre-university training of students of the district has been organized by teachers of the Voronezh Agricultural University. This made it possible for graduates to enter this educational institution.

In 2000, in Stanovoye, in the building of the former office of the state farm "Stanovlyansky", a legal college (Voronezh branch) was opened, which lasted for two years.

In 2001, much attention is paid to expanding the network of pre-school educational institutions for children. In addition to 11 kindergartens, which are on the balance of public education, institutions were added in Kirillovo, Lukyanovka, Tolstaya Dubrava and Berezovka. In five kindergartens, preschoolers began to study English language, choreographic classes began to be held in three.

The enterprises of the DPMK and DRSU are being revived anew, which carry out large volume road repair and construction works.

In 2002, a record grain harvest was obtained in the entire history of the Stanovlyansky district in the SPK im. Lermontov (head V.M. Kondrashov) - 54.5 centners per hectare.

Since 2000, German-made Holmer and Klyan combines, as well as Oryol AMP-4 and new-generation K-744 tractors have been involved in harvesting.

But in general, the equipment in the village is worn out to the limit. The depreciation of fixed production assets, including livestock farms, machine and tractor fleet and other production facilities, has reached 90% in the region. Economic instability led to the fact that weak farms fell into decay. Even our flagship, SPK im. Lermontov, where grain yields of 55 centners per hectare, milk yield per cow of 4,500 kg, have become the norm, is losing its former positions, having received a profit of 6 million less than in 2000. The Stanovlyansk Butter Factory was unable to repay the loans; HPP - since 2001, has not repaid 13 million. 200 thousand rubles, so there is no market for grain.

In 2003, the process of reorganization of agriculture is underway. SEC "Rassvet", "Meshchersky", "Chemodanovsky" created LLC "Zarechye" (headed by Abrosimov D.A.), SEC "Stanovlyansky" - LLC "Stanovlyanskoye" (headed by Shchukin A.V.), LLC "Kirillovskoye" was created ”on the basis of SEC “Stanovlyansky” (founder of CJSC Plant “Rosinka”, leader Kotov Yu.V.), LLC “Palenskoye” based on SEC “Palensky” (head Tselykovsky A.I.). DUP "Palna" (headed by Akhmatova A.I.), DUP "Solovievskoe" (headed by Shalamova G.I.), DUP "Brodki" (headed by Selivanova G.A.) - these three farms are subsidiaries of the unitary enterprises of Stanovlyansky oil plant; and etc.

Since 2001, district graduation balls have been held, from which unforgettable impressions remain.

The connection of generations, the transfer of pedagogical experience, the high efficiency of the methodological service is explained by the thoughtful and purposeful work of the district methodological office, which is headed by T.S. Karabanova.

June 14, 2003 in the village. Stanovoy hosted the World Championship in kettlebell lifting among veterans, as well as the All-Russian competition of rural strongmen.

The sunny weather, the music sounding from the speakers, the decorated stadium, full of flags of the participating countries, created a special atmosphere of the sports festival. It was attended by 200 strongmen from 50 regions of the Russian Federation and 7 countries of the world.

And he passed with us not in vain. After all, the land of Stavlya is the homeland Russian champions: Alexei Vorotyntsev, Mikhail Rodionov, Alexei Dmitriev and Alexei Solovyov. In the early 70s of the last century, the first youth sports school in Russia with a kettlebell lifting department was opened in our village.

The Stanovlyans rejoiced when Mikhail Rodionov, who was the strongest in the weight category up to 60 kg, took the highest step of the podium.

Alexey Vorotyntsev also set a new world record on the first day of the championship (pictured). Within an hour, with one hand, he performed a snatch of 16-kilogram weights 1209 times!

The second day brought no less amazing results.

Alexei Solovyov, a veteran of kettlebell lifting from Stanovlya, despite an arm injury, took second place in Russia, setting a personal record at the same time.

The ceremony of awarding athletes was very solemn and colorful.

It was nice to hear that the Lipetsk region takes first place in the competition of rural strongmen, and the team cup was awarded to Mikhail Rodionov. Representatives of the Perm region took the second place, and the team from Lipsk took the third place again.

The anthem of Russia was also played following the results of the world championship among veterans, where our Russian heroes were the strongest.

In order to promote kettlebell lifting and perpetuate the achievements of the champions and record holders of Stanovlyans, a decision was made to install sculptures of Alexei Vorotyntsev and Mikhail Rodionov on the Alley of Glory of the district (photo below).

(In the top picture, the head of the district administration, V. A. Gerasimov, awards cash prizes to athletes - A. Vorotyntsev, A. Solovyov, M. Rodionov for excellent performances in three nominations of world kettlebell lifting competition in our area).

On August 5, 2003, at the session of the district Council of Deputies, the Regulations on the coat of arms and the flag of the municipal formation "Stanovlyansky district" of the Lipetsk region were adopted.

The coat of arms and flag of Stanovlyansky was based on the image two pyramidal oaks, brought by young seedlings from Bulgaria in the 70s of the XIX century and to this day decorating the estate of the former enlightener M.V. Pervago.

In addition, pyramidal oaks symbolize the natural pearl of Russia - the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station (Meshchersky Arboretum), created by N.K. Vekhov in 1924.

Stanovlyanskaya land is the small homeland of writers I.A. Bunina, M.M. Prishvin, poet M.Yu. Lermontov - allegorically speaks of this flame of three languages coat of arms, as well as the red stripe of the flag of the Stanovlyansky district.

The red flame on the coat of arms and the red stripe on the flag also symbolize the courage and bravery of tens of thousands of Stavlanites who fought in the ranks of the Red Army against the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War (1941-45). 9 Heroes of the Soviet Union - natives of our region.

Red is a symbol of life-affirming power, courage, celebration, life, beauty.

The green color of our flag and coat of arms means that the Stanovlyansky district is basically agricultural.

Green color shows the nature of the area, its beauty.

Yellow(gold) is the color of the sun, wealth, grain, fertility, the elixir of life, symbolizes greatness, respect, magnificence.

The words to the Anthem of the Stanovlyansk region "Stanovlyanskoye expanse" were written by a local poet Yuri Alekseevich Makarov, and the music for it was written by Lidia Polyakova.

The golden sun shines

Melting stars in the blue

And native Stanovoe

Before me in all its glory.

Stanovlyanskoye expanse,

You and joy

You and sadness.

Sky, golden field

Our Bunin Rus!

Russian people live here -

Labor, craftsman ...

And in love with his native land.

I know there are other edges

But you are not more beautiful

Beloved Russia -

Stanovlyanskaya land!

Great attention is paid to the restoration of temples in the region. In October 2000, not far from the place where the former church was located, a stone was laid for the construction of a new Holy Presentation Church (photo below), and already in August 2003 the first service was held, which was conducted by Bishop Nikon of Lipetsk and Yelets.

In 2005, the restored Ascension Church in the village of Berezovka began to function, the church in the village of Solovyovo. In the coming years, it is planned to build chapels in the village. Barsukovo and with. Thick Oak.

Voluntary donations are one of the most important financial sources for restoration and restoration work.

In 2005, a sculptural composition dedicated to the Glory of a woman - a mother was opened on the Don highway.

The district administration pays special attention to the improvement of settlements. This is a long-term process that requires material costs. Therefore, at the 16th session of the District Council of Deputies dated September 5, 2002, No. 112, a decision was made on a voluntary 3 percent contribution from the salary of each working resident of the district.

As a result, more than 4 million rubles are collected annually into the off-budget fund.

In 2006, the regional program for the harmonious development of the individual was approved, which is designed to create conditions for the spiritual and moral development of education, intellectual, creative and physical development of the individual. As part of its implementation, festivals of women's and men's sports were held, meetings with students of the district's schools on career guidance, a series of events dedicated to the family, raising its status in society, creative festivals and much more were opened.

A monument to the founders of Slavic writing Cyril and Methodius was erected in the district center, steles with bas-reliefs of the former leaders of the district, a bust of the Hero of Russia S. Pyatnitsky were installed.

More than 60 million rubles were used for the improvement of villages, tens of kilometers of asphalt and gravel roads were laid, a new road was laid from the village of Chernoles to the Don highway, a comprehensive improvement of Palna - Mikhailovskaya, Yastrebinovskaya, Georgievskaya, Uspenskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Grunino - Vorgolskaya rural administrations.

Under the Mortgage Lending program, 10 single-apartment houses were put into operation.

In 2006, the computerization of schools was completed for the most part.

The increased support of the agro-industrial complex from the federal government and the regional leadership, multiplied by the hard work of rural workers, made it possible to achieve good results in 2007 as well.

Tangible progress has been made in crop production. On the rise is the production of grain, the total threshing of which distinguished JSC. Lermontov - 230 tons, AF Moskovskoye LLC - 198 tons, Moskovskoye LLC - 188 tons, with an average regional production of 124 tons.

In the entire history of the region, an unprecedentedly high harvest of sugar beets has been harvested.

A high return is ensured by the transfer of animal husbandry to modern technological processes.

As part of the implementation of the national project, 4 livestock farms were reconstructed. The meat and dairy herd is being updated.

Since 2006, the program "Providing housing for young families in the Stanovlyansky district for 2007-2010" has been operating in the region. In 2007, 5 young families received subsidies in the amount of 1.7 million rubles: one family for the purchase of housing, 4 families for the construction of individual houses.

Around 23 comprehensive schools, 17 pre-school institutions, 2 centers of additional education, offices of information-methodical and psychological-pedagogical assistance. In 2007, all schools in the district were connected to the broadband Internet.

1981 people study in schools, 560 children attend pre-school institutions. All students receive hot meals, the schools of the district fully provide themselves with vegetables and fruits.

For the fifth year in a row, the district takes first place in the regional review - a competition for organizing leisure and developing amateur art.

In everything that has been done in the field of culture in last years, a huge merit of Claudia Ivanovna Malyutina (pictured), head of the culture department of the district administration.

Claudia Ivanovna headed the department of culture in the late 60s of the last century. The upsurge of cultural life in the region began precisely with this enterprising, gifted woman with inexhaustible energy ...

Later, when K.I. Malyutina worked as an ideology secretary in the RK CPSU, paid great attention to opening in remote settlements where there were no clubs and recreation centers, people's houses. They appeared in Slobodka, Pokrovsky, Kuleshovka, Subbochevo, Poddolgoe, Small Vyselki ... In July 1990 there were already 14 of them!

Fellow villagers could meet here, talk, sit and listen to good music.

In the late 90s, Klavdia Ivanovna again headed the department of culture. At her suggestion, for the first time, not only in the region, but also in the region, annual competitions of professional skills began to be held. In 2000, V. Anyukhina, a librarian of the district library, became the first winner in this competition.

The Department of Culture and the Centers for Culture and Leisure have achieved significant success in recent years, thanks to the constant search for new forms and methods of work.

The central and a number of rural libraries have repeatedly won the regional competition "Library of the Year".

A significant event in 2007 was the opening of a modern regional center of culture and leisure for 400 people.

In recent years, much has been done not only in the socio-economic development of the region, but, most importantly, in terms of educating a person, shaping the consciousness of residents, and this is the most important factor for further creative work for the benefit of the people of our region.

Clean streets, flower beds, fountains, interesting architectural forms, and on New Year's holidays - fabulously decorated squares and houses - all this gives our area a unique charm. Every year something new is sure to appear both in the appearance of the regional center and in the most distant villages of the region.

History of the village Stanovoye

The village of Stanovoye has been known since 1620. According to archival data of 1678, it was called the village of Ploskoye. It had 65 households and 620 inhabitants. The name of the village comes from a flat, flat area.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Ploskoe was a small village, in the center of which there was a church. About 150 families lived in houses made of wood, adobe bricks, covered with straw. These were small and landless peasants. At the disposal of each was an average of two and a half acres of land. At the church in the village there was a parish school, in which 35 children studied. Basically, these were the children of landowners and wealthy peasants, and if someone entered the school from a poor family, then they did not have to study for more than two years, there were not enough funds.

The revolutionary events of 1905, which stirred up the whole of Russia, reached Ploskoye as well. The peasants more and more resolutely went to fight against the landowners. There were no open speeches in Ploskoye, but there were many dissatisfied ones.

Before the revolution of 1917, several landowners lived in the village. Along the street, which is now called Sadovaya, stood the house of the landowner Zhavoronkov. According to the memoirs of a resident of the village of Kryukov Ivan Tikhonovich: “The landowner was engaged in the production of bricks, burned lime. Then he left for Yelets, and his wife took over the whole economy. She began to breed horses, raise pigs. Amazing flowers grew in her garden, which the landowner sent to Moscow for sale. The landowners had two large gardens, which brought considerable income. Their house stood on the banks of the pond, and often in the summer you could see boats with young ladies on the pond, who rode and admired the transparent and quiet backwater. "

According to the memoirs of another resident, Vasily Nikolaevich Shchukin, another gentleman, Vladimir Dmitrievich Myamlin, lived opposite the modern buildings of the district hospital. In his garden, which was called "Volodin", there were the most delicious apples, dried fruits were supplied to the tsarist troops. Peasants hired him as day laborers.

Next to the modern building of the pharmacy, there is still a house that belonged to the landowner Shalygin Mikhail Arkhipovich. The landowner kept bees, had land and large gardens in the villages of Klementyevo and Krutoye. His son had a bicycle and he often rode it, and the local children ran after the barchuk to see this two-wheeled miracle. According to the stories of a local resident of Sevryukova Maria Nesterovna, the landowner was neither evil nor greedy, he often treated his peasants to honey and apples, and never refused them anything.

Behind the pond, which is located next to the bakery, lived the landowner Andrey Vladimirovich Vorotyntsev. He had 8 children: 7 daughters and 1 son, who studied in Yelets. One of his daughters married into a family of famous Stakhovich landowners in the village of Palna-Mikhailovka. Andrei Vladimirovich had a brother, Mikhail, whose house was located on the site of a bakery, on the street. Lermontov (former Kukuevka).

After the October Revolution, Bolshevik Soviets were created in Yelets Uyezd. The Committee of the Poor is organized in Ploskoye, the first chairman of which was Bulavin Tikhon Akimovich. The work of the Kombedovites was not easy. They helped the poor to acquire land, horses, equipment.

Illiterate, who only knew how to sign, the Kombedovites clearly pursued the line of Soviet power. They were believed, they were followed by the bulk of the poor on a new path. But there were still many wealthy, wealthy people in the village who did not accept the new government. They, in turn, organized in 1927 the "Partnership for the Joint Cultivation of the Land", which included the landowners Kryukov, Solovyov, Myamlin, Zhavoronkov and others. Trying to hide the true essence of TOZ, several poor people were involved in its members. "Partnership" lasted one year and broke up. In the 1930s, the landowners were dispossessed and taken out in an unknown direction. The lands of these landowners were included in the Pyatiletka collective farm.

Not far from the modern building of the military registration and enlistment office there was a village church, the mention of which is given from the first half of the 18th century. In 1933, it was closed, and a trading base was transferred to the building. Before the arrival of the Nazis in the village, the church was set on fire, and after the war in 1947 it was blown up. A water tower was built of brick on the street. Michurin.

In 1918-1922, the young Republic of Soviets found itself in the ring of fronts. There were no White Guards in Ploskoye, but in general, the Yelets district was badly damaged. After the expulsion of the White Guards from the Orel region, in order to restore Soviet power, the October Revolution propaganda train headed by M.I. Kalinin. On October 22, 1919, he stopped at Stanovaya station. Kalinin spoke to the soldiers of the 42nd Infantry Division, which was part of the 13th Army of the Southern Front. He called on the fighters to stand up to defend the gains of the Great October Revolution.

In 1920, a party organization was created in the village, the first communists of which were Roshchupkin N.R. and Vyvolokin F.M. A Komsomol cell was formed. The first Komsomol member - Petrykin I.F.

During these years, Ploskoe was a run-down village with one windmill, several private bakeries, shops, a veterinary site and a church.

On July 7, 1928, the 1st district congress of Soviets of the Stanovlyansky district of the Yelets district of the Central Chernozem region was held at the station Stanovaya, which announced the organization of the Stanovlyansky district. The village of Ploskoye became the regional center. Fyodor Arkhipovich Krivonosov was elected chairman of the district executive committee.

The editorial office of the district newspaper "Forward" (since 1931 "Star") was located along Shkolny Lane. Peshekhonov Ivan Ignatievich became the first editor of the newspaper.

The school building was located on the territory of the current district administration. The school was elementary. Since 1928, it began to expand. A brick extension was built (the main one was wooden). In 1938, the school became a secondary school, the classes were large, with a total of 900 students.

In 1929, the collective farm "20 years of October" (Twenty) was formed in the village. The first to join it were the brothers Ivan and Tikhon Bulavins. Bulavin I.A. became the first chairman. In the same year, the collective farm "Twenty" received the first tractor, which was driven by Bulavin Tikhon Akimovich.

At the beginning of the 1930s, five collective farms were organized on the territory of the village: "Red Way" (village Stanovaya), them. Stalin (part of the village of Ploskoye and part of the village of Stanovaya), "Pyatiletka" (p. Ploskoye), "Big Five-Year Plan (p. Ploskoye)," 20 years of October "(p. Ploskoye). Almost the entire able-bodied population of the village worked in them In winter, women were engaged in lace-making.

According to the 1932 census - Ploskoye is the center of the Stanovlyansky district and the village council, 2367 inhabitants. Even before the war, there was electricity in the village, several mills produced electricity, one of which was located in the courtyard of the department store, and the other at the beginning of the village. In 1937, a sewing point was created on the street. May Day. The first seamstress was Avdyushina Maria Fedorovna. Suits, dresses, coats and much more were sewn here. During the war years, the sewing room was transferred to the lower room of the windmill (in the center of the village) and transformed into an artel named after. Osipenko. Artel began to sew overcoats, tunics, underwear for soldiers. At the same time, a lace artel was formed, which was located on the street. Soviet, near the pharmacy. And across the road was a trading shop where various goods were sold.

Before the war, there were many large gardens in Ploskoye, left over from former landowners' estates; they greatly adorned the village. A huge, luxurious garden ("Andryushin") was located at the beginning of 9 May Street, and then simply Kochetovka. Behind him, in the former house of the landowner Andrei Vladimirovich Faustov, later the first police building was located.

The territory of the bakery and the entire gap between it and the highway (now Sovetskaya Street) was occupied by two more orchards of Shalygin and Gubanov. In the middle of the apple and pear trees there was a stitch connecting the two halves of the village.

Opposite the unsightly building, the former district executive committee, in the area of ​​​​the current hospital, flaunted, as the old-timers call it, "Volodin" garden. Another garden was called "Forest", as it was located in the southwestern, greenest part of the village.

Ploskoye was famous for its spring wells, especially its northern side. Along the whole of Kochetovka, for example, there were five active wells, named after the houses near which they were dug ("Usatov", "Penyukhin", "Mityakin", "Esikov", "Sapronov"). From time to time they were cleaned, as they said at that time "by the whole world", the water in them was considered healing.

The peaceful life of the village was suddenly interrupted by the Great Patriotic War, which brought much suffering and destruction.

In the postwar years, the village began to restore the destroyed economy. The restoration of outbuildings and residential buildings was actively underway. In the 50s, the buildings of the House of Culture, a secondary school, the RK CPSU, a post office, and a military registration and enlistment office were built.

By the mid-60s - the building of the district executive committee, the people's court, the studio, the Beryozka restaurant, and the hotel.

Soviet street. 1964

Under the Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the CPSU, Nikolai Romanovich Rublev, in 1967 a park was laid out, new ponds (Rublev) appeared. In 1968, a new sports complex received athletes. In the 1970s, the construction of the central district hospital, a department store, and a police station began. In the 1980s, the buildings of the consumer services plant, post office, telegraph, a new building of a secondary school were built, and a television repeater was installed.

In June 1984, the village of Stanovaya and the settlement of the Stanovaya railway station became part of the village. On October 5, 1984, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the village of Ploskoye was renamed the village of Stanovoye (named after the Stanovoy ravine, which got its name from the word "stan" - camp, camp).

Over the past decade, a large amount of capital construction has been carried out in the village, and increased attention is paid to the improvement of the village. A children's park of culture and recreation "Island of Childhood" was opened (2001), a youth leisure center in the village. Friendship (2002), the Vvedenskaya Church was built (2000-2003), the Alley of Culture was opened, where busts of cultural and art figures of famous countrymen were installed (2000), the Alleys of Military and Labor Glory were created (2000-2001), the Dolphin swimming pool (2005 ), a new cultural and leisure center was opened in the village of Stanovoe (2007).

And this is not a complete list of what has been done. It is even more difficult to list everything that is planned to be done in the near future.

Playground. year 2001.

Alley of Labor Glory. 2002

Bust of the First Secretary of the RK CPSU Rublev Nikolai Romanovich on the Alley of Labor Glory. 2003

Holy Entry Church. 2002

Central square. 2003

The building of the district administration. 2003.

High school building. 2003

Fountains decorated the village. 2003

Opening of the Center for Culture and Leisure in the village of Stanovoye. 2007

The park has been reconstructed. N.R. Rubleva. 2008

The Glade of Love is open. 2011.

Similar information.

This is, firstly, the traditional European system:

The moon determines the 1st - 3rd years of life,
Mercury 4 - 9
Venus 10 - 17
Sun 18 - 36
Mars 37 - 52
Jupiter 53 - 63
Saturn 64 onwards.

Secondly, planetary periods or cycles deserve special attention. The most important of them - cycles of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.

Uranus takes 84 years to complete one revolution around the Sun (or the Earth if you prefer) and stays in each sign for seven years. As it progresses, it enters into aspects "with itself", that is, with its position in the natal chart, and determines periods of life that are multiples of seven years. Dane Rudhyar says: “at 7, 35 and 63 the conscious ego wakes up to new life”, counting these yearstransitional ages or periods of new birth.

21 years old. First square. No wonder this age was considered the age of majority. The Indians also consider the 22nd year of life to be very important, “a turning point”, but they subordinate it to the Sun (they do not use high planets). A person makes perhaps the first important decision in his life (marriage, profession, place of residence).

It determines the subsequent seven or eight years, after which it can be corrected if it turned out to be erroneous. Or he may have health problems that will make themselves felt much later (he got exposed to radiation, etc.). During this period, a person especially needs the help of an astrologer.

24th year life. In European astrology - the completion of the next cycle of Jupiter, in Indian - the year of the Moon. This moment is not as important as the one described above, but it sort of determines what to be and what to leave. If a marriage was concluded at the age of 21, a person may think about the advisability of continuing a relationship with this partner; if a particular profession has been chosen, at this time the foundations of a second, additional or next profession, which a person will turn to later, may be laid.

29.5 years. At 28, the trine of Uranus begins, for the Indians - the year of Mars. At 29-30 - the completion of the cycle of Saturn. This is a period of personality change: a youthful personality (which, by the way, still retains many memories of a previous incarnation) seems to fall off like leaves from a tree, and an adult personality appears. This is also a period of decision-making, but a person is already quite capable of making them on his own. In terms of illnesses, this is rather a positive period: health is stabilizing.

32nd year life, according to the Indian system, is subordinate to Mercury. This is the final definition of the profession, at least for the next seven or eight years.

In general, this is a major period of “finding a person’s place in life”, ending by the age of 35 (Quincons of Uranus). Quincons also denotes personality problems, for the solution of which a person needs a partner. It is not surprising that by the age of 35, a person “settled down”
partnerships (marriage, family), he occupies a strong position at work. Moreover, the 36th year of life means the completion of the next cycle of Jupiter, and among the Indians it is subordinate to Saturn (new birth, according to D. Redyar).

The next "step" of Uranus - 42 years(quincons). Year of Rahu among the Indians (42nd). Another crisis (family, work, health). The “seven years of knots” are coming, ending with the year of Ketu (48th), which also corresponds to the cycle of Jupiter. This is a period of new changes, after which comes stabilization until the moment of retirement.

56 years old is another trine of Uranus. During this period, a person reaches the top in his endeavors of the “adult” period. “After 56 years, he will mature and become the seed for the future - his race and his own self,” writes Dane Rudhyar. At the age of 60, the completion of the cycle of Saturn and the next revolution of Jupiter take place, confirming this.

63 years old: square Uranus. This age is like 21, formeans a crisis, a reassessment of values ​​- or, conversely, an affirmation in one's principles, which will now remain unchanged until the age of 84, if, of course, a person lives to this age.

84 years old: rebirth. End of the cycle of Uranus. See Dane Rudhyar for details. In general, this means a new (and possibly final) revision of all life positions, often a rejection of the worldly, vain, an appeal to higher values.

12 stages of human life

Signs of the zodiac are the determining factor for the compilation of horoscopes and significantly affect the fate of a person. Many people, trying to find out their future or understand the present, turn to various astrologers and clairvoyants. And they don’t even realize that they can independently predict the events that await them with sufficiently high accuracy.

Zodiac in ancient Greek means "circle of life". The fact is that throughout life a person in his development goes through 12 stages corresponding to the signs of the zodiac. Therefore, 12 signs of the zodiac or 12 stages of life are especially relevant for us.

In astrology there is such a thing as Pars vita, or “point of life”. In the Zodiac, it moves at a speed of 4.3 degrees per year, starting in Aries and ending in Pisces. Pars vita stays in each sign for exactly 7 years. Knowing in which sign of the zodiac the point of life is located, we can determine what problems we will face at a particular stage of life. If you multiply 7 years by 12, you get 84 years. And this is nothing more than the time during which Uranus passes through all the signs of the zodiac.

So, our 84-year life is divided into 12 seven-year cycles, during which we must complete a certain program in order to enable all the abilities inherent in us from birth to open up. When all 12 signs of the zodiac are passed, Pars vita again returns to its original position - the first degree of Aries and the person, as it were, begins his life anew.
We can always determine exactly what problems we will face at a given age. Each of us must fulfill his program at each specific age and, as a result, for the rest of his life. Look at how your life program is being implemented, draw your own conclusions.

0 to 7 years old.

The point of life at this age is moving along the most nimble sign - Aries. Seething in babies energy, they are restless and inquisitive, they immediately want to know everything and everything, and there is no such force that could stop them. And there is no need to restrain the child at this age, on the contrary, it is necessary to give him more freedom, because it is very important for him to assert himself and show his abilities. The task of parents is to instill in the child a sense of love and compassion for others, to prevent selfishness and cruelty from developing. After all, the motto of this age and Aries is: “I want!” Do not let the child offend animals and other kids, teach to take care of nature, cultivate willpower. If you fail to instill these qualities in a child before the age of seven, you will never instill them!

7 to 14 years old
The point of life moves towards the curculist Taurus. Therefore, gentlemen, parents, do not indulge all the material desires and whims of your child. At this stage of life, he must be taught to control his emotions, especially anger and aggression. It is necessary to develop and train your memory. Try "culturally", but firmly, to form a teenager's social circle, because at this age the negative energy of the crowd accumulates in it, which can later manifest itself in cruelty and intransigence towards others. But do not isolate the child from peers. Great importance there is a place of their meetings and atmosphere.

It is also important to lay the foundations of systemic learning. Try to get the child to learn more of the various material being studied, the more, the better. At this age, it is quite easy for a child to instill a love for art and aesthetics. The most suitable time for studying in music and art schools. And at the age of 13-14, you need to instill and form the right attitude towards your ancestors and roots. You can speculate on philosophical topics. It is time!

From 15 years old to 21 years old
The point moves along the sign of Gemini. It's time to actively develop intelligence and independent thinking. At the age of 15–16, a person enters society, where there are laws and rules that must be learned to be observed in order for society to accept him. It is necessary to get rid of lack of assembly, irresponsibility, craving for gossip and speculation. It's time for parents to get into sex education for their kids, otherwise they will find out everything themselves (actually, I think these recommendations about sex education are outdated, start it earlier).

At this age, it is useful to travel a lot, to learn the cultures of other countries, to absorb a variety of information.

From 21 to 28 years old
The point of life is in Cancer. This is a very important stage in the life of every person. The main task is the improvement of the inner world, the formation of one's own system of values ​​based on the experience of older generations. Being engaged in introspection and spiritually improving, a person should try to get rid of many negative qualities: suspiciousness, isolation from others, greed.

The most difficult thing at this age is to overcome the milestone of 25–26 years, when a person is overcome by the desire to give up everything and start living anew. During this period, it is very important to make the right choice, since many have already started a family. Often reckless actions break life not only for him, but also for those close to him.

In order not to make mistakes, you need to establish strong spiritual ties with parents and relatives, just with the older generation. In a difficult situation, they are able to really help both in word and deed. 25-26 years is the most favorable time for the birth of children, since they adopt the best qualities of their personality from their parents.

From 28 to 35 years old
The point of life is in Leo. A tendency to adventurism, alcoholism, drug addiction begins to appear; there is an influx of energy that not everyone can use correctly, many begin to waste it, indulging in joys and entertainment, often empty and useless. Most the best remedy struggle with temptations - classes in philosophy, religion, reading books that raise morality and purity of soul. It is very important to choose the right philosophical concept, not to go into sectarianism, not to accumulate negative energy that can destroy a person.

The turning point is up to 32 years. From 28 years old family problems fade into the background, the main thing is your own ego. A person tries to prove himself in a team to be noticed and appreciated. At the age of 29, for the first time, he sums up the results of his years. For women, a period of 32 years is very important. Time to change feelings, reconsider your personal relationships. At this age, divorces often occur, new love relationships are made. We must try to analyze the past, to weigh all the pros and cons, not to cut off the shoulder immediately. New feelings may not last long, sometimes only a year.

From 35 to 42 years old
The point of life is in Virgo. There comes a time when a person must give away most of the energy accumulated in the previous period. Clarity and methodical approach to solving a variety of problems are needed. Favorable time for professional growth and marriages of convenience. Age from 37 to 38 is a karmic test, a test of societies. This is the first test on how you follow the principles of the Zodiac, whether you are fulfilling your life program. And if not, then you will be punished in the form of various life problems: dismissal from work, serious illness, betrayal of friends.

During this period, you must definitely pay close attention to your health. It is especially worth paying attention to your diet, try not to slag the body. At the age of Virgo, unpleasant traits may appear in the character: obnoxiousness, pickiness, stinginess, disregard for the feelings and needs of others. But the main thing - get ready for the most important cycle in your life - 42 years - the Uranus half-cycle, when the point of life crosses the life "equator". At this age, many are trying to change their lives, as they think, in better side: change family, place of work, place of residence, hobbies.

From 42 to 49 years old
The point of life moves along the sign of Libra. During this period, a person tries to surrender to a creatively chosen business at the age of 42. This age is also called "Indian summer", when harmony and maturity come in both personal and social life. Everything that has been accumulated over previous years has been analyzed, systematized and is waiting for implementation. The main planet of Libra is Venus. It is she who guides a person in an effort to create strong harmonious ties, follow the laws of ethics and morality in deeds and feelings.

During this period, it is necessary to establish social ties, get a new job, show your organizational skills and overcome shortcomings. Such as, for example, egocentrism, selfishness, a tendency to dictate. A good time to develop talents if you have them.

From 49 to 55 years old
Scorpio Time. A difficult, critical period in the life of any person, especially women. We have to change long-established views, which is very difficult to do. Breaking is difficult and painful. On the physical plane, many people often have oncological diseases, many (especially at the age of 52) have a sexual syndrome - increased sexual dissatisfaction. At the age of Scorpio, a person has tremendous self-destructive power and is sometimes ready to go for broke in order to achieve a goal. It is necessary to control your emotions, in no case close in on yourself and not engage in self-digging.

Go out more often, meet friends, study psychology, creativity or collective activities. This period is favorable for the disclosure and improvement of magical and occult abilities. Women aged 52 are especially prone to this. For those who until that time led an unrighteous way of life, fate provides a chance to correct themselves, abandon delusions and begin to live on completely new philosophical principles.

From 56 to 63 years old
At this age the point of life is moving by the sign of Sagittarius. A person begins to rush into philosophy or religion. Many have a fussy craving for knowledge that they did not have time to acquire once. I would like to learn several sciences at once, different philosophical currents. But, as a rule, this fails. Mercury is imprisoned, and, grasping for a lot, a person does not achieve results at all. Try to choose one thing and study this subject in depth. At the age of 56, a person undergoes another social test. Here all the mistakes and blunders made at the age of 37 and 38 are manifested.

Whoever has correctly approached this stage of his path, he occupies high positions in society. Those who do not pass the test do not achieve their goals and go on a well-deserved rest.

From 63 to 70 years old
The point of life is moving by the sign of Capricorn. Last chance is coming! It is at the age of 63 that the last choice of a person occurs, when, if desired, he CAN change his life. The one who does not right choice, as a rule, passes away or breaks it badly. This is especially true for people who seek to create another family: in 90% of cases, nothing comes of it. It is possible to destroy the old, but it is almost impossible to create a new one.
At the age of Capricorn, it is necessary to abandon some stereotypical ideas, finally develop a vital, philosophical core and learn to give a clear assessment of each phenomenon, each event, but in no case impose your opinion and listen carefully to your opponents.

It is very important to build relationships with your loved ones correctly, since many at this age try to show despotism towards them. Try to develop in yourself diplomacy, the ability to compromise.

From 70 to 77 years
Aquarius time. The time of contemplation of life, a philosophical view of it, the view of an outside observer. Throughout life, a person changes his attitude to the world around him, changes priorities. As children, we say: "I am." In youth: "I and the world." In maturity: "The world and I." At the age of Aquarius, only "WORLD" remains. This fourth stage of perception is the most important in understanding life and one's place in it. If over the years such a perception of the world does not come, then the spiritual qualities of a person gradually begin to fade, he falls into insanity, which inevitably leads to the collapse of the physical body.

The time of Aquarius is the time of enjoying loneliness or family solitude with your soulmate, since the life program has already been completed. But, enjoying life, show wisdom and philanthropy, then others will respect you for your thoughtfulness, justice and deep knowledge of the laws of life.

From 77 to 84 years
The point of life is moving by the sign of Pisces- the life cycle ends. For a person, everything is clear and understandable, he feels a connection with nature, unity with it. Spiritual, cosmic HARMONY is coming. The person enjoys life. The one who correctly distributed the vital forces must travel at this time, learn about foreign cultures, filling the gap in the knowledge of everything earthly.

It is during this period that highly spiritual people are connected to cosmic sources. Man merges with the Cosmos, but sometimes he needs to return to Earth. And - ALL.

Agree, there is something to think about ...

The international situation of 2018 has led to a turning point for Russia, writes Alpo Rusi, a diplomat and doctor of social and political sciences.

Vladimir Putin announced early in his presidency that he wanted to restore Russia to its position as a great power.

"The collapse of the USSR is the biggest geopolitical catastrophe of the century." This brash statement by Putin meant that, in his opinion, this should not have happened, and he wants to fix what can be fixed.

To do this, Putin needs a new world order that does not accept the primacy of the West - and even more so the United States. At the Munich Security Conference in 2007, Putin used an anti-American rhetoric not heard since Mikhail Gorbachev.

Favorable economic conditions continued until 2008, when Russia, too, was mired in a financial crisis that began in the United States.

A month before the crisis, Russia used military force in Georgia and occupied South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

Context

Russia has become a great power again

The Atlantic 28.02.2018

The difficult position of Russia due to the failure of its mercenaries

Foreign Affairs 28.02.2018

Who benefits from shooting down Russian planes?

Sina.com 28.02.2018

Trump is only interested in the "Russian case"

CNN 02/28/2018

Russia will see in Ukraine an example to follow?

Gazeta Wyborcza 02/27/2018 Russia planned to end these two conflicts without negotiations with the Georgian government, not to mention a meeting with the OSCE. It is difficult to say whether the war would have started or not if the decision on it had to be made a few weeks later.

The European Union did not punish Russia for the war with Georgia. Hopes for expanding economic cooperation were very high.

President Dmitry Medvedev longed to create for Russia the image of a country that is developing in the direction of the Western rule of law and democracy. These expected changes did not want to be destroyed by sanctions.

Sweden continued to weaken its armed forces. Experienced Foreign Minister Carl Bildt assured that Sweden did not need to change the security policy strategy that developed under the rule of the Social Democrats. The Finns were more cautious about the situation, but they believed in the same positive image of world security.

Even during Medvedev's presidency, the keys to power in Russia still remained with Prime Minister Putin. Under his leadership, the country launched a space weapons program, the cost of which exceeded 500 billion euros. This was how the strategy of the superpower was maintained. Geopolitics ignored the principles of the OSCE in Europe. The conflict with the West deepened after Putin returned to the presidency in the spring of 2012.

The superpower's strategy included actions directed "against the color revolutions", including outside the country - in Ukraine, and later in Syria. Already in the spring of 2011, Russia blocked a draft UN resolution that would have forced Syrian President Assad to give up power.

The international situation of 2018 has led to a turning point for Russia. The occupation of Crimea and hostilities in Syria and eastern Ukraine have led to the isolation of Russia, while the economic situation has become worse.

The prevailing conditions reminded to some extent the situation when the USSR occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968.

In order to avoid international political and economic isolation, the Soviet leadership began to look for ways to cooperate with the West. This led to a detente in international tensions that continued until the mid-1970s.

Finland played its own special role in this matter: it came up with the initiative to hold a conference on security in Europe with the participation of the USSR, at which human rights issues were also raised.

During the OSCE summit in the summer of 1975, the period of détente was already coming to an end, and they started talking about it again only when the USSR abandoned its aggressive policy in 1985.

This, in turn, led to the collapse of the USSR, which haunts Putin. Detente may be followed by collapse, or at least a color revolution.

Related Articles

Russia and the USA: who will be crushed by instability

Financial Times 27.02.2018

Russia feeds half the world with its wheat

Bloomberg 27.02.2018

Russia can become a pleasant neighbor

Helsingin Sanomat 02/27/2018 Last fall, Putin proposed that the UN could send peacekeepers to protect OSCE monitors, but only to the western borders of the "people's republics" in eastern Ukraine. The proposal fell on deaf ears, but took on a new political dimension when Russia began recruiting militarily neutral countries as peacekeepers.

Does Putin, for tactical reasons, want to start a new détente in order to get rid of at least part of the economic sanctions of the West?

Is it wise to send peacekeepers from neutral countries to war zones when security is constantly under threat?

The peacekeeping operation in Kosovo KFOR was conducted under the leadership of NATO, since traditional ways during the war in Bosnia did not work. How is such a scenario being implemented in eastern Ukraine in 2018?

Russia's offer to send peacekeepers can indeed be seen as a diplomatic gesture. It can also be seen as a result of the uncertainty that arose in the Kremlin when the country and its powerful oligarchs first encountered real problems.

Russia will have to make concessions in eastern Ukraine to get any sanctions lifted. After the World Cup in early autumn, it will become clear whether Russia will tighten its aggressive strategy, which would be a logical step, or whether a new period of cautious détente will begin, which will last for several years.

The third option is the aggravation of the crisis in Russia, which will affect the internal situation in the country. Power will be even more concentrated in the Kremlin, and if this does not happen, then protests will begin - either in the form of an organized overthrow of the government, or in the form of a “Russian spring”, when tanks take to the streets.

The materials of InoSMI contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI.

Question No. 25. A turning point in the history of Russia (90s of the XX century). The collapse of the USSR and the birth of a new Russia

At the moment, there is no consensus on what are the prerequisites for the collapse of the USSR. However, most scientists are unanimous in the fact that their beginnings were laid in the very ideology of the Bolsheviks, who, albeit in many respects formally, recognized the right of nations to self-determination. The weakening of the central government provoked the formation of new power centers on the outskirts of the state. It is worth noting that similar processes took place at the very beginning of the 20th century, during the period of revolutions and the collapse of the Russian Empire. The reasons for the collapse of the USSR are as follows: a crisis provoked by the planned nature of the economy and led to a shortage of many consumer goods; unsuccessful, largely ill-conceived, reforms that led to a sharp deterioration in living standards; mass dissatisfaction of the population with interruptions in food supplies; the ever-increasing gap in the standard of living between the citizens of the USSR and the citizens of the countries of the capitalist camp; aggravation of national contradictions; weakening of the central government; the authoritarian nature of Soviet society, including strict censorship, the prohibition of the church, and so on. The processes that led as a result to the collapse of the USSR were identified already in the 80s. Against the background of the general crisis, which only deepened by the beginning of the 1990s, there is an increase in nationalist tendencies in almost all the union republics. The first to leave the USSR are: Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. They are followed by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldova and Ukraine. The collapse of the USSR was the result of the events of August - December 1991. After the August coup, the activity of the CPSU party in the country was suspended. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Congress of People's Deputies lost power. The last Congress in history took place in September 1991 and announced its self-dissolution. During this period, the State Council of the USSR, headed by Gorbachev, the first and only president of the USSR, became the supreme authority. His attempts to prevent both the economic and political collapse of the USSR, undertaken by him in the autumn, did not bring success. As a result, on December 8, 1991, after the signing of the Belovezhskaya Agreement by the heads of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. At the same time, there was the formation of the CIS - the Commonwealth of Independent States. The collapse of the Soviet Union was the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century, with global consequences. A new state appeared - Russia - B. Yeltsin became its first president. The 1990s were marked by numerous and political problems.

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- (Greek klimakter stage, a turning point; synonyms for menopause, menopause), a physiological period in a person’s life, characterized by the reverse development of the sexual sphere (see. Sexual involution), occurring against the background of general age ... ... Sexological Encyclopedia

- (speech klimakter step (stairs), a turning point; synonym: menopause, menopause) the period of life during which the generative function ceases ... Big Medical Dictionary

Menopause- (Greek klimakter - step, turning point). The period of life, characterized by the cessation of the generative function. In some cases, it proceeds with endocrine, vegetative-vascular and mental disorders (Kp pathological, menopausal ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Psychiatric Terms

Cm … Synonym dictionary

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See danger... Synonym dictionary

Daban, turning point, turning point, transition, turn, shipka, duba, break, Saint Gotthard, plowing, davan, passage, crisis Dictionary of Russian synonyms. pass n., number of synonyms: 18 bernard (1) ... Synonym dictionary

See curvature from the gate turn ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. rotation rotation, deflection; inversion, bundle, twist; tack, bow, pirouette, bend, turning point ... ... Synonym dictionary

Books

• Difficult times of philosophy. Book 6. Logic and Philosophy in the First Post-Stalin Years. Mathematical logic. Part 1. The turning point - under Stalin and after. Issue 27
• Was the chance missed? Financial key to the market, Valentin Pavlov. The author, a well-known statesman, in the recent past the Minister of Finance and the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, clearly, professionally and factually accurately reveals the inner…
• Difficult times of philosophy. Book 6. Logic and Philosophy in the First Post-Stalin Years. Mathematical logic. Part 1. The turning point - under Stalin and after. Issue No. 27, Biryukov B.V. The book describes the events of the post-Stalin era related to philosophy and logic. The author sums up the Stalinist period of our history, how it was reflected in the philosophical and logical sphere.…