slopes 

Bayan left and right side. Left keyboard. Pressed the key - opened the air valve

The most widely known button accordions are with a three-row keyboard in the right hand and with ready-made chords in the left, five- or six-row keyboard. Such button accordions, according to the place of their original manufacture and distribution, began to be called Moscow, in contrast to the so-called Leningrad, four-row ones. Now there are button accordions with five rows on the right keyboard.

In addition, there are elective button accordions with a three-row keyboard in both the right and left hands. Here the chords are freely selectable on the keyboard, just like on the piano, depending on how they are written. Recently, combined accordions have appeared, on which you can play both as an accordion with ready-made chords, and as an elective one.

Orchestras of folk instruments use orchestral button accordions with one right keyboard. Their whole family: piccolo, soprano, alto, tenor, bass and double bass. They differ from each other not only in range, but also in timbre. In addition, there are special orchestral - timbre button accordions: in sound they are similar to the flute, clarinet, bassoon and other instruments of the symphony orchestra.

Consider the device of a conventional three-row button accordion with ready-made chords.

The box-shaped wooden body of the button accordion consists of two halves, interconnected with fur. Inside each semi-body there are decks, on which resonators with voice bars are fixed from the side of the fur, and outside - a valve mechanism with a keyboard.

The keys of the right hand are placed on a special bar - neck, and the left - on the front wall of the semi-body. Both mechanisms are covered with lattice covers from above. From the inside, the covers are pasted over with a thin thick cloth, which is a filter that protects voices from dust.

A short belt is fastened on the left half-body, under which the left hand is passed when playing. In addition to playing the keyboard, the left hand stretches and compresses the fur, pumping air.

Two straps are attached to the right half of the body, which are put on the shoulders and firmly hold the instrument during the game, freeing right hand from supportive efforts.

The fur is a four-sided corrugated box, pasted over with fabric on the outside. The fur is glued to small narrow wooden frames, and they are already directly attached to both halves of the body with hairpins or hooks. The places where the fur is bent - the corners - are glued from the inside with strips of husky, thin soft deer skin, and from above for greater strength they are strengthened with special metal corners.

The body of the button accordion is glued together from thin beech or birch planks. The corners of the body are glued into a spike " dovetail". In addition, the top corners are fixed with metal decorative plates that protect them from damage and sticking.

Unlike soundboards on other instruments, bayan soundboards are not a resonating device, but serve only as a mechanical airtight partition (diaphragm) between the fur chamber and the valve mechanism. They are made of good, even and durable plywood, birch or beech. Several rows of holes are drilled in the deck, which are blocked from the outside by valves and against which the holes of the resonant chambers are installed from the inside.

The sound on the button accordion arises as a result of vibrations of a thin steel plate (tongue, voice) over a slot through which a stream of air is driven. Slots are made in massive durable stainless steel strips, brass, aluminum and others. Planks are solid or split, consisting of small plates, separate for each sound, more precisely - for each pair of reeds.

Tongues or voices are made of special spring steel, they are firmly riveted to the slats above the voice slots. The dimensions of the slots, the length, width and thickness of the tongue depend on the pitch of the sound: they are the larger, the lower the sound, and vice versa. Small copper plates are soldered onto the reeds of the lowest bass tones to make them heavier.

Above the slot, from the side opposite the tongue, a strip of husky is glued, which closes the glottic fissure during the reverse movement of the air stream, and thereby reduces air consumption, fur consumption during the game.

Each pair of voices on the bar is against a small resonator chamber - gorodushka. The volume of the chamber, its shape and dimensions are important for the strength and timbre of the sound, so they are specially calculated and designed.

Gorodushki together with planks make up a separate structure, the so-called resonators. At the bottom of each gorodushka, wide holes are drilled for air passage, which coincide with the same holes in the deck. The resonators are glued together from birch or alder. Each row of keys on the neck corresponds to a separate resonator.

In all joints where there is a danger of air leakage: between the planks and walls of the towns, between the resonators and the soundboard, a seal is laid - strips of fleecy soft husky. The slats are attached to the resonators with curved studs or small studs with wide heads. In addition, the edges of the planks are filled with molten wax.

Valves are small wooden plates, on the underside of which strips of soft kid are glued, and a wire leash is fixed on top, with the help of which the valve rises and falls, blocking the holes in the deck. The fleecy side of the husky fits snugly against the soundboard, preventing arbitrary air from entering the voices, and softens the impact of the valve on the soundboard during playing. Sometimes, to reduce noise when playing, a strip of thin cloth is additionally laid between the valve tree and the husky.

The keys of the right keyboard are narrow wooden levers that are placed in the corresponding sockets on the fretboard and rotate on a wire axis. On the top side of the neck, mother-of-pearl or celluloid buttons - buttons are strengthened with a key, and holes are drilled at the other ends with a key, into which the ends of the valve leashes are screwed or glued. Below in the slots under the keys there are springs, under the action of which the valves are tightly pressed against the deck.

Thus, all three rows of valves are arranged on those button accordions where the neck is closer to back wall corps. In the same place, where the neck is located closer to the middle of the body, the third row of valves has a slightly different arrangement: the valve leads are bent in a special way and are attached to a wooden plank glued to the soundboard with the help of two loops. The end of the key is brought under the free curved end of the valve leash and presses on it, lifting the valve. In this case, the main valve springs are installed not: under the keys, but directly on the deck, near the axis of rotation of the leash. Under the key itself, in addition, there is an additional small spring that tightly presses the pushing end of the key to the end of the valve leash, eliminating the gap between them and the inevitable idling of the key in this case.

On the fretboard of a bayan of mass production, fifty-two keys are usually installed, the range is from large cu-flat to C-sharp of the fourth octave. On bayans made to order, the number of keys reaches fifty-eight, sixty-one, and even sixty-four. Range with fifty-eight keys: from large salt to mi of the fourth octave.

The arrangement of the mechanism of the left keyboard is much more complicated than the right one. The presence of a bass that has an octave tripling or even a quadrupling requires a special design of the voice plates and resonators. The push-button system of mechanics should provide wide selectivity of chords in the range of small and first octaves.

Let's consider the device of the left keyboard of the button accordion, which has one hundred and twenty bass buttons: six rows of twenty buttons in a row.

Left keyboard associated with two rows of valves: one row (12) is for basses, and the other (also 12) is for chord voices.

Under the bass valves are four voice bars, mounted on separate resonators, but assembled into one unit. The build of each bar differs from the adjacent one by an octave. When the valve is lifted, four octave sounds sound simultaneously, for example, when the bass button is pressed, they sound simultaneously to large, to small, to the first and to the second octaves. This octave bass boost is necessary to create a certain strength and thickness of the sound. On some button accordions, the bass is only tripled: the bar for the highest voices is not set.

Each bar has twelve pairs of voices arranged in chromatic sequence. The range of all four bass bars is from E contra octave to E flat second octave. The bass valves are controlled by the first two (from the bellows) rows of the left keyboard.

The entire complex chord keyboard controls the sound of only one resonator, which has two solid voice bars on it. There are twelve pairs of voices on each bar, they are located on both sides, as usual, and are tuned in a chromatic sequence from G minor to F-sharp of the first octave.

All bass and chord valves are connected with special bolsters, located along the valves parallel to the deck, with the help of stud leads. For each tone - a separate roller; thus, there are two sets of rollers - twelve bass and twelve chord.

Each roller has several studs that take the force from the pushers rigidly connected to the key with a button. The buttons through the corresponding holes are displayed on the front wall of the left half of the case.

When playing, the movement from the finger is transmitted through the pusher button, on which in a certain place - near the pin of the corresponding roller - there is a small pin. The pin touches a pin, rigidly fastened to the roller, and causes the roller to turn. Turning, the roller moves the other pin on it, which, with the help of a leash, is connected to the free end of the valve leash: the valve rises and opens the holes in the deck to let air pass to the vocalists.

The mechanics of the chord keyboard also work in a similar way, with the only difference being that there are several pins on the pusher that actuate several valves at the same time. So, for example, when you press the G minor triad button, the pusher with pins touches the pins of the rollers associated with the keys of the sounds G, B-flat and D, and opens them.

The button accordion's left keyboard has six vertical rows of twenty buttons each. The first two rows, counting from the fur, are basses, the remaining four are chords. In the first row are the so-called auxiliary basses - a large third from the main bass; in the second - the main basses, tonics; in the “third row - major, large triads; in the fourth, minor, small triads; in the fifth - dominant seventh chords with a missing fifth; in the sixth - diminished seventh chords

The middle of the left keyboard has seven rows of white buttons, these are the keys of "pure" tones, their main basses do not have sharps or flats. Below the white buttons are five rows of black buttons, the main basses of which are flat. Above the white keys there are also five rows of black buttons, the main basses of which have sharps. The corresponding rows of upper and lower black buttons, although they have different names, sound the same, they are enharmonic equal (for example, the key in C sharp is enharmonic equal to the key in D flat). In other words: the black buttons at the top and bottom duplicate each other. In addition, above the black buttons there is one and below the black buttons there are two rows of white buttons that duplicate the three extreme rows of white buttons.

Such a large number of duplicating keys is necessary to make it convenient for the performer to play in any key without unnecessary jumps from the top of the keyboard to the bottom and. vice versa.


The article describes how accordion, button accordion, accordion inside. The principles of sounding of these instruments are given. Internal organization accordion, button accordion, accordion the same. Are given accordion pictures.

Pictures used blog Muzika Harmonike from Serbia.
http://muzikaharmonike.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=1269

reed musical instrument

The sound of the accordion, button accordion, accordion happens due to humming metal reeds voice bars. When air passes through the slot of the bar, the metal tongue vibrates in the slot and a sound of a certain tone is heard. The air is blowing fur. Each plank has two tongues that make the same sound. The tongues are located on different sides.

For air to pass through unclenching fur through one tongue. And when squeezing fur through another. Opposite each of the two slots of the voice bars, a small strip of skin(not shown in the picture) One strip closes the slot of the voice bar when the fur is compressed. The other when unclenched.


For every sound of a certain pitch own voice box. In an accordion, button accordion, accordion, there are as many voice bars with sounds of various pitches as the instrument can play notes. Tool range - 3 to 7 octaves. That is, from about 20 to 80 sounds. For richness of sound, an octave is placed on each note two voice sticks. And the registers make it possible to sound several different voices on the same note.

Pressed the key - opened the air valve

How manage so many votes. Creating from these voices music. By pressing the desired keys playing the instrument opens the desired air valve . who guides air from fur to the right sound chamber. Air exits through the voice bar.

To install resonators, valve and other mechanisms near the instrument there are two decks. At the right side right deck. On the left side left deck. There are decks wooden or metal. Decks have sound holes. The holes of the resonators coincide with the holes of the decks. The sound holes of the decks close and open valves when you press keys tool. Decks are adjacent to the body sides hermetically. To all the air from furs went to make a sound

Sectional accordion

In repair shops take care of to musical instruments. On the picture end-of-life accordion. which use for parts.

View from above


visible
  • Furs glued to the frames on the right and left
  • Right and left deck- partitions on which the resonators are fixed
  • Resonators - two right and two left, on which voice bars are installed
  • Bass register plates with holes are installed between the left deck and left resonators
  • Right flaps and right keys
Right side


visible
  • Right keys, white and black
  • Keys of the right registers, levers of the right register mechanism
  • Right keys, accordion has two for each right key, bass register switching
  • Right resonator (no voice bars) with sound holes
  • Left resonators with voice bars, small strips of leather on each voice bar
Front view

visible

  • Right keyboard
  • Right registers
  • Right resonators
  • Left resonators
  • Left chord mechanism (with the help of a pull-rod system, when one key is pressed, three sounds sound simultaneously - a triad, a chord)
  • Left keyboard
  • Keys of the left (bass) registers

Broken deck Cassotto

On the picture in at the very beginning articles depicted other model accordion. He has broken deck - in Italian cassotto. The right deck has transverse sound pocket. The resonators and valves in the cassotto are transverse. It is more expensive and professional tool design. Cassotto gives the accordion or button accordion more deep and rich sound.

Ivan Kopytin's Blog Bayan Accordion Accordion

The right mechanism of the button accordion Jupiter 64/106 in the process of assembly.

So, the price of the same button accordion, the photo of which flaunts on my profile picture, is 350,000 rubles. Do not look for Swarovski inlay on the case, it is not here. This is an ordinary serial button accordion. The fact is that the production of button accordions is a long, laborious, practically non-automated process.

The time of creation of this musical instrument is longer than the time of bearing a human cub. A long eleven months pass from the moment the work begins until the birth of the finished button accordion. Eight different masters are involved in this difficult process. 80% of all production is done by hand.

Left hand action of a ready-to-select accordion, an experimental version. The process of developing a new tool model. Designer - Lavrov Viktor Petrovich.

If you decide to start making harmonicas, you should not google technical schools and universities that produce the corresponding masters. The creators of these musical instruments will have to be taught from scratch. The process of training one professional takes at least 2-3 years.

For the birth of one button accordion you will need:

Master in Nodal Mechanics

Furrier

Case maker

Resonator maker

Left mechanics assembler

Right mechanics assembler

Tuner

There is not a single person who would combine all these specialties. It is very, very rare to come across a master who is excellent at two of these eight wisdoms, but no more.

The salary of a metropolitan harmonica maker is approximately 35,000 rubles. Taking into account the cost of renting a room, it is better to organize production somewhere in the province, and maybe outside of our vast country.

Production of resonators: installation and gluing of partitions.
Master - Kudar Mikhail Ivanovich

Perhaps the largest harmonica factory is located in Pyongyang. 1100 people work there, of which only 80 are managers, and the rest are workers. Mostly accordions are made there. This factory and the Moscow company "Jupiter" have close friendly and partner relations.

Levers assembly with valves of the right mechanics of bayan Jupiter

Pasting mesh right mechanics.
Master Rybin Mikhail Nikolaevich

Pasting the grid of the right mechanics

Production of the right mechanics of the button accordion Jupiter 4-voice.
Master - Platonov Konstantin Mikhailovich.

This is how a musical instrument is made. The instrument turns out to be very, very nice.

Final stage creation of harmonics - tuning.

The last step is setup

By the way, the accordion is the younger brother of the button accordion, and not vice versa, as many people think.

Accordion. Photo taken by Alexey Bondarenko

In general, there are a great many harmonics. For the meticulous, here is the harmonic classification scheme

And here is Alexey himself in the process of creating his new avatar

Alexey Bondarenko is photographed for a new avatar

At the factory, even the inscriptions on the dust about music

In general, the button accordion is by no means something irrelevant, as they like to say in the vastness of Runet, but a popular, interesting and very serious musical instrument. Here.

Name:

Group: wind reeds

Homeland: Tula

Origin: a kind of harmonica with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, basses and ready-made chord accompaniment on the left; named after the ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan.

Timbre: deep, thick, "breathing" sound, corresponding to the breadth of the Russian character.

Sound production: The sound in the bayan arises due to the vibration of the reeds - metal plates - under the influence of an air stream from the bellows.

Device: The button accordion consists of three parts - the right half-body, the left half-body, furs.

Notable artists: V. A. Romanko, Viktor Fedorovich Gridin, Fedor Valentinovich Chistyakov, "Bayan-MIX"

In fact, the button accordion is a kind of accordion.

Everyone has their flaw

Your habits, hobbies.

And there are directions in music

But there can be no doubt

What is dearest to me is the button accordion.

You say, “But how is that? He is old

And you'll be wrong.

Smile at your mistake

When he comes back to our life.

Let his sound not so loud,

Like electric guitars

The roar is coming from the speakers,

But he has something in him...

And this "something" even the most,

Rock band fanatics headstrong

Sometimes it takes to the soul.

And, believe me, the years will fly by

Windy fashion will change,

And only the button accordion will not be silent.

He will pass all fires and waters.

And together with the "Russian round dance"

Bayan will sound on Mars!

Riddles:

Stretch the fur, Seryozhka,

So that the legs start dancing.

To Petya and Tolyan

Praise your...

He has a pleated shirt

He loves to squat,

He dances and sings -

If it gets into your hands.

Forty buttons on it

With mother-of-pearl fire.

The box is on its knees

She sings, she cries loudly.

Sting on the keys Anton,

Sting on the buttons Ivan,

And the accordion sounded

And played (accordion)

Bayan is a musical instrument, a kind of harmonica with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, basses and ready-made chord or ready-to-select accompaniment on the left. Named after the ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan.

The modern bayan is equipped with a five- or three-row right keyboard, sometimes with register-switches (depending on the number of simultaneously sounding voices when one button is pressed in the right keyboard mechanism) and a ready-selectable five- or six-row left keyboard and has excellent artistic and performance capabilities, allows play not only the simplest melodies, but also masterpieces of world classics. There are two-, three-, four- and five-part button accordions.

Bayan consists of three parts - the right half-body, the left half-body, the fur chamber. The sound in the bayan arises due to the vibration of the reeds in the openings of the voice bar under the influence of an air stream from the fur chamber or into the fur chamber.

Conversations with BAYAN.

Bayan can tell a lot about himself. Look at Bayan - what a handsome man!
It's amazing how much it looks like an accordion.

Still, - the instrument boomed in a juicy, thick bass. - The accordion is my blood brother. Confuses us who does not look closely. Indeed, the Accordion
on the side of the key, like a piano, on the other - buttons. And Bayan has buttons on both the right and left. That's like the whole difference.

And when were you born?

Rarely anyone from musical instruments to such a question
ready to answer. And I know for sure that he appeared in 1907.

Yes, you are still a child! other musical instruments, such as the harp, are thousands of years old. - And such successes! World fame! Must be ability
extraordinary!

The instrument was touched, sobbed in basses:

You respect me, and I will open my soul to you. - And opened it. . . The soul of this tool is a special pneumatic device, in other words, a device that acts by force. compressed air. Air is pumped by furs, it vibrates elastic metal plates-tongues.
The instrument pronounces something gloomy in bass - only reeds are in motion.
It will fill with a gentle nightingale trill - others are moving. The instrument is having fun - the tongues are dancing merrily, sad - the tongues are trembling in thought.
- So that's your secret!
- Let's clarify: not mine, but all pneumatic reed instruments, and the Accordion too.
- A you something personally than such special?
- Without false modesty I will say - improved me. So advanced that perhaps the most perfect of all pneumatic reeds.
Here the tool told its story.

It turns out that he comes from the ancient Russian city of Tula, famous for all kinds of crafts. Came out of a large family of accordions. And it was created by master Pyotr Sterligov, an accordionist. Yes, not on a whim, but by order of the artist Orlandsky-Titarenko. This artist played Russian folk songs unusually well on the accordions. But he had a dream to play even more skillfully. Thus, our hero was born. And they gave him a name, not some kind of newborn, but a proud, epic one (By the way, the name of this epic singer is found in Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila".) Yes, the instrument turned out to be so dexterous, sonorous, that he went for a walk all over Russia. And then they recognized him abroad, and everywhere he conquered hearts with a Russian melody. As time went on - the instrument matured, and he wanted to try everything in the world.
“I feel a heroic strength in myself,” said the instrument, finishing the story. - I can play any music, the most difficult. I compete with the famous Piano and the mighty Organ.
I almost forgot. . .
The name of this instrument is BAYAN.

(I draw your attention: the name of the epic singer is sometimes written through "o" - Boyan, the name of the instrument is always written through "a" - Bayan.)

Musical instrument: Bayan

The timbre palette of currently existing musical instruments is extremely rich, because each of them has its own unique voice. For example, in the violin it is melodiously charming, in the trumpet it is piercingly brilliant, in the celesta it is transparent crystal. However, there is one instrument that has the rare ability to imitate various timbres. It can sound like a flute, clarinet, bassoon, and even like an organ. This instrument is called button accordion and it can rightfully be called a small orchestra. Bayan, with its great artistic potential, is subject to a lot - from the accompaniment of simple folk songs to complex masterpieces of world classics. Enjoying great popularity, it also sounds on large concert stages and is an invariable participant in festive feasts; it is not for nothing that the button accordion is called the “soul of the Russian people”.

Bayan is one of the most advanced varieties of harmonica, which has a chromatic scale.

history and many interesting facts read about this musical instrument on our page.

Sound

Bayan, which has a rich musical and expressive potential, opens up great opportunities for performers for creativity. The bright sound is rich, expressive and melodious, and the thinnest thinning gives the timbre a special brilliance. The instrument can play beautiful romantic melodies, as well as dramatic dark pieces of music.


The sound on the button accordion is formed due to the vibration of the reeds in the voice bars under the action of air, which creates a fur chamber and is characterized by a special dynamic plasticity. It is possible to perform the most delicate transparent piano and fanfare forte on the instrument.

Bayan, by virtue of its design feature(the presence of registers), has a diverse timbre palette of sound - from full-sounding organ to soft and warm violin. The accordion tremolo is very similar to the violin tremolo, and the dynamic volume of the instrument gives the impression that a full orchestra is playing.


Button accordion range quite large and is 5 octaves, starting from "mi" of a large octave and ending with "la" of the fourth.

A photo:

Interesting Facts:

  • An instrument called "button accordion" exists only in Russia; in other countries, such instruments are called push-button accordions.
  • The forerunner of the button accordion, the "Liven" accordion, had unusually long furs, almost two meters. Such an accordion could wrap itself around.
  • In Moscow there is the world's largest museum of harmonicas, one of the varieties of which is the button accordion.

  • In Soviet times, the best individually assembled concert button accordions "Russia" and "Jupiter" made at the Moscow state factory and distinguished by high sound quality were very expensive. Their cost was equal to the price of a domestic passenger car, and sometimes even two, depending on the brand.Now the cost of a concert multi-timbre button accordion is quite high and reaches 15 thousand euros.
  • The first concert multi-timbre button accordion was created in 1951 for the accordionist Y. Kuznetsov.
  • On concert button accordions there is a very convenient device - the register switch is located under the chin of the performer, which allows the musician not to be distracted during the performance.
  • At one time, electronic button accordions were produced in the Soviet Union, but this innovation did not take root, because at the same time synthesizers came into use, which became widespread.
  • The sound of the button accordion during the Great Patriotic War raised the morale of the soldiers, inspired to exploits. It sounded everywhere: in dugouts, on halts and on the battlefields.
  • The sound of the button accordion is very effectively used in their compositions by modern musical groups, such as Lyube, Vopli Vidoplyasov, Billy’s Band.
  • Well-known companies for the production of professional concert bayans, which are in demand and have proven themselves, are located in Russia - this is the Moscow factory "Jupiter" and "Tula Harmonica", as well as in Italy: "Bugari", "Viktoria", "ZeroSette", " Pigini", "Scandalli", "Borsini".
  • AT last years the word “button accordion” is often used to refer to a stale, “shabby”, “bearded” already old joke or anecdote.

Button accordion design

The accordion, which is a rather complex structure, consists of two main sections: left and right, interconnected with fur.

1. Right side of the tool- this is a box of rectangular shape, with a neck and a soundboard attached to it, with mechanisms built into it. When a key is pressed, the mechanism raises the valves, thereby passing air to the resonators with voice bars and reeds.

For the manufacture of the box and the deck, resonant wood species are used: spruce, birch, maple.

A grill is attached to the box, as well as register switches (if any are provided by the design) that serve to change the timbre. The box also contains two large straps to secure the instrument during performance.

On the fretboard, in chromatic order, there are playing keys in three, four or five rows.

2. Left body- this is also a rectangular box, in which on the outside there is the left keyboard of the instrument, containing five, and sometimes six rows of buttons: two are basses, the remaining rows are ready-made chords (major, minor, seventh chords and reduced seventh chords). On the left body there is a register for switching a ready-made or selective sound extraction system, as well as a small strap with which the left hand sets the fur chamber in motion.

In the left case there is a deck with complex mechanisms for extracting sounds in two systems for the left hand: ready-made and ready-elective.

The fur chamber, attached to the body with frames, is made of special cardboard and pasted over with a cloth on top.

The weight of a multi-timbre concert button accordion reaches 15 kg.

Bayan varieties


The large bayan family is divided into two groups: ordinary bayans and orchestral ones.

Ordinary ones have two types, which differ from each other in the accompaniment systems in the left hand: ready-made and ready-selective.

  • A ready-made accompaniment system consists of basses and ready-made chords.
  • Ready-to-elective has two systems: ready-made and elective, which are changed using a special register. The selective system has a full chromatic scale, which increases the performance capabilities of the instrument, but at the same time complicates the playing technique.

Orchestral button accordions, due to their design features, having a keyboard only on the right side of the body, are also divided into two types:

  • first - the instruments differ in their pitch range: double bass, bass, tenor, alto, prima, and piccolo;
  • the second - differ in timbre: bayan-pipe, bassoon , the flute, clarinet , oboe.

Application and repertoire


The range of application of the button accordion is very wide, it can also be heard on the stages of large concert halls as a solo, ensemble, orchestral instrument and in amateur ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Groups consisting only of accordion players are very popular. Very often, the button accordion is used as an accompanying instrument or just in everyday life at various family holidays.

The instrument is very versatile, it performs works by composers of past eras, as well as music of modern genres: jazz, rock and techno.

The compositions of I.S. Bach V.A. Mozart , N. Paganini, L.V. Beethoven , I. Brahms, F. Liszt , C. Debussy, D. Verdi , J. Bizet. D. Gershwin, G. Mahler, M. Mussorgsky, M. Ravel, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Scriabin, D. Shostakovich, P. Tchaikovsky, D. Verdi and many other classics.

Today, more and more modern composers write different works for the instrument: sonatas, concertos and original pop plays. L. Prigozhin, G. Banshchikov, S. Gubaidulina, S. Akhunov, H. Valpola, P. Makkonen, M. Murto – their musical compositions for accordion sound very impressive on the concert stage.

Works for button accordion

N. Chaikin - Concerto for button accordion and orchestra (listen)

P. Makkonen - "Flight over time" (listen)

Performers


Since the button accordion was gaining popularity very quickly in Russia, the performing arts on it developed very intensively. In connection with the constant improvement of the instrument, more and more creative possibilities. Particularly noteworthy is the contribution to the development of the performing skills of innovative accordionists: A. Paletaev, who was the first to switch to a five-finger fingering instead of the previously used four-finger fingering, thereby increasing technical capabilities tool; Y. Kazakov - the first performer on a multi-timbre ready-to-select button accordion.

The Russian bayan school is now very well known throughout the world, and the performing arts are now increasingly flourishing. Our musicians constantly become laureates of various international competitions. A lot of young performers enter the big concert stage, but it is necessary to single out the names of such outstanding musicians as I. Panitsky, F. Lips, A. Sklyarov, Yu. Vostrelov, Yu. Tkachev, V. Petrov, G. Zaitsev, V. Gridin , V. Besfamilnov, V. Zubitsky, O. Sharov, A. Belyaev, V. Romanko, V. Galkin, I. Zavadsky, E. Mitchenko, V. Rozanov, A. Poletaev, who contributed a significant contribution to the development of the modern performing school.

History of button accordion


Each instrument has its own history, and the button accordion also has a backstory. It began in ancient China in the 2-3 millennium BC. It was there that the instrument was born, which is the progenitor of the modern button accordion. Sheng is a reed wind musical instrument representing a body with bamboo or reed tubes attached in a circle with copper reeds inside. In Russia, he appeared during the Mongol-Tatar yoke, and then along the trade routes came to European countries.

In Europe at the beginning of the 19th century, using the principle of sheng sound production, the German organ maker Friedrich Buschmann invented a mechanism that helped him in tuning instruments, and which later became the forerunner of the accordion. Somewhat later, the Austrian of Armenian origin K. Demian modified the invention of F. Bushman, transforming it into the first accordion.

In Russia, the harmonica appeared in the second quarter of the 19th century, it was brought from abroad, bought at fairs from foreign merchants as a curiosity. The instrument, which could play a melody and accompany, quickly gained popularity among urban and rural residents. Not a single festival took place without her participation, the accordion, along with the balalaika, became a symbol of Russian culture.

In many Russian provinces, workshops began to be created, and then factories that made their own local varieties of accordions: Tula, Saratov, Vyatka, Lebanese, Bologoev, Cherepovets, Kasimov, Yelets.

The first Russian accordions had only one row of buttons, they became two-row in the second half of the 19th century, by analogy with the design, which was then improved in Europe.

The musicians-harmonists were mostly self-taught, but they performed miracles of performing skills, despite the fact that the instrument was rather primitive in design. One of these nuggets was a worker from the city of Tula N.I. Beloborodov. Being an avid harmonist, he dreamed of creating an instrument that would have more performance possibilities.

In 1871, under the leadership of N.I. Beloborodov, master P. Chulkov created a two-row accordion with a full chromatic scale.


At the end of the 19th century, in 1891, after improvement by the German master G. Mirwald, the accordion became three-row, with a chromatic scale arranged in series along oblique rows. Somewhat later, in 1897, the Italian master P. Soprani patented his new invention - the extraction of ready-made major and minor triads, dominant seventh chords on the left keyboard. In the same year, but in Russia, master P. Chulkov at the exhibition presented an instrument with bent mechanics in the "left hand", which also made it possible to extract ready-made chords with one keystroke. Thus, the accordion was gradually transformed and became an accordion.

In 1907, the master designer P. Sterligov. on behalf of the musician-harmonist Orlansky-Titarenko. a complex four-row instrument was made, called "Bayan", in memory of the ancient Russian storyteller. The instrument was rapidly improved and already in 1929 P. Sterligov invented the button accordion with a ready-to-select system on the left keyboard.

The growing popularity of the tool is accompanied by its constant development and improvement. The timbre capabilities of the button accordion make it truly unique, because it can sound like an organ or like wind and string instruments. Accordion in Russia we are popularly loved - this is both an academic instrument that sounds from the stage in a large concert hall, and a symbol Have a good mood, amusing people on a rural mound.

Video: listen to button accordion