Roof in the house with your own hands. What is an outbuilding A small outbuilding

Outbuildings have played a special role in manor architecture for centuries. They were of economic importance and were used as housing for servants. Separate structures of a secondary level were included in the integral complex of the entire site, functionally and compositionally emphasizing the general endurance of the main structure. The most common variant of this kind of building was the outbuilding. What is this building and what is its main function?

Secondary "wing"

An outbuilding is an additional extension to a residential building, which can be either part of it or located outside it. Being a secondary element of the building, it, nevertheless, is subject to the main structure. The meaning of the word "wing", which comes from the German Flügel, is translated as "wing". In architectural terminology, this is a small side building under a special roof at the main building, which can also be located separately, but not far from the main building. A similar meaning is also characteristic of such peculiar synonyms for the word "outbuilding" as a wing, outbuilding, outbuilding, prikhoromok.

architectural techniques

In the old days, in the construction of housing, such architectural techniques as a three-part composition were often used: the central building, galleries-transitions and outbuildings. It was caused by life itself. The main building housed the main and residential halls of the owner. The servants lived in the outbuildings, there was a kitchen, guests stayed. Galleries made it possible to pass from each outbuilding to the house without going outside, which was especially important in winter period or in inclement weather. In the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, such architectural techniques were quite often used in palace and estate ensembles. What function does the outbuilding serve today? What is it: an additional or a full-fledged building?

For a long time, the outbuilding served as a secondary building that did not provide all the necessary amenities. Today it is more often used as a full-fledged building connected to utilities, equipped with lighting and heating.

Rethinking ideas

Increasingly large scale development suburban construction. It is quite convenient and prestigious to have a house designed for permanent residence or recreation, located near the city. These are no longer small, unpresentable houses, but cozy cottages, the design of which provided in advance all the necessary main building with all amenities, a terrace and often an outbuilding. What is this room and why is it being built on the site? This is an extension or an independent building used as an additional room. Its purpose, depending on the desires of the owner, may vary. Sometimes the outbuilding serves as an organization winter garden, playroom for children, guest rooms. Often this is an extension with gym, sauna. The outbuilding can also still serve as a utility room with a garage attached to it. Any of the concepts is quite real, its implementation depends on the area of ​​the site and the financial capabilities of the owner.

original version

The current projects of additional buildings allow any exciting idea to be realized. It is quite popular, practical and convenient to place them on the roof of the building. For this, only such specific points as the location of the building, the type of roof, the material of the supporting structures and its strength characteristics, the impact of wind and precipitation, and the change in the drainage system are foreseen in advance. When they are taken into account, it is easy to erect an outbuilding on a roof that has a strictly horizontal arrangement and allows. implement almost any architectural idea. It is possible to create an extension on the mansard roof.

Building materials

During the construction of housing, the selection of materials is carried out not only depending on the wishes of the owner, but also such factors as architectural solution project, climatic conditions, economic and physical and mechanical indicators of building materials.

If the house is with an outbuilding, then they are mainly combined in appearance and material so as not to disturb general idea When building in suburban areas, the most popular material is wood. Houses made of it are environmentally friendly, they are distinguished by a wonderful microclimate.

indispensable element

Modern architectural projects make it possible to realize any idea of ​​​​creating a house, to which an outbuilding is attached. That this is an indispensable element of the house, especially outside the city, has already been appreciated by many owners. This is a convenient and practical structure, moreover, capable of creating a kind of romantic halo around the common building. The main thing is to reasonably approach the issue of building this structure and take into account all its features.

In the context of the current constant rise in land prices, housing construction is growing in a vertical direction. Developers increase the usable area of ​​houses by equipping residential comfortable attics. But what if there is still not enough space, and there is no free land for the construction of an extension? Experienced craftsmen believe that in this situation there is only one way out - an outbuilding on the roof.

Most people, when they hear the term "outbuilding" are a small building, separate from the main house, used for household purposes or as a guest summer home. In fact, this word of Germanic origin, which literally means "wing", has three meanings:

Please note that the outbuilding on the roof can be used to equip a small office, nursery or playroom, and if you make a roof of cast polycarbonate, then you can place a winter garden or greenhouse in this room.

Arrangement options

According to professional builders, arranging a roof wing is the cheapest way to increase the usable living space of a private house. However, in addition to this function, a small extension makes appearance roofs more original, decorative and intricate. There are 2 options for mounting a mezzanine on the roof:

1. The simplest, most economical and practical way to mount a roof shed is to plan its construction at the time of designing the project. This option allows you to accurately determine in advance the total weight of the house, taking into account the weight of the mezzanine, in order to make the foundation and truss frame strong enough.
2. The second way to arrange a mezzanine is the reconstruction of an already finished roof. However, it rearranges rafter system roof, there is a redistribution of the load on the foundation and violates the tightness roofing.

Important! In terms of the volume and complexity of the work, as well as the amount of costs, it is much easier to plan the construction of an outbuilding during the design of the house. In the case of the reconstruction of an already finished roof, it will be necessary to almost completely rebuild the truss frame and remove the roofing.

The influence of the outbuilding on the design

Experienced craftsmen that the outbuilding can be attached to almost any private house. When planning such a radical reconstruction, it is necessary to take into account design features roofs, number of floors and height of the house, bearing capacity of the foundation, load-bearing walls and ceilings. After all, the extension of the mezzanine to the roof has a huge impact on its design:

• Significantly increases and redistributes the load that falls on the foundation of the structure, ceiling and bearing walls. An increase in weight can cause the house to sag or warp.
• The tightness of the roof covering is broken. Outbuilding extension increases the number of joints and junctions to vertical surfaces roofing material leading to an increased risk of leaks.
• To rupture and violation of the truss frame. To attach the mezzanine to the roof, you need to partially disassemble and make tie-ins in the rafters, which violates the integrity of the frame.
• The shape and geometry of the roof are changing, which affects the resistance to wind and snow loads. Due to the outbuilding, the windage of the structure may increase and snow pockets may form.

Remember! So that the extension of the outbuilding does not have a destructive effect on the roof and the house as a whole, it is necessary to calculate in advance the increase in the load on the foundation, and also use lighter materials for construction, for example, sandwich panels.

Mounting technology

It is believed that the installation of a mezzanine on a finished roof is a rather complicated process in terms of technology, which is best entrusted to experienced, professional craftsmen. All manipulations must be carried out only in accordance with the project. Typically, the installation process consists of the following steps:

1. Partial or complete dismantling of the roof covering of the main roof. If the roof has a large area, and the outbuilding will occupy only a small part of it, then you can not completely remove the roofing material.
2. With the help of wooden linings, the truss frame is reinforced. Reinforcement is carried out where the outbuilding will be attached.
3. The frame of the mezzanine is made, and then sheathed with sandwich panels or wood.
4. The structure is insulated from the inside with mineral insulation, and the outside is sheathed with decorative material.
5. Assemble the truss frame of the outbuilding roof, and then cover it with roofing material.

Important! When arranging the mezzanine, I pay great attention to the places where the roofing material adjoins vertical surfaces, additionally isolating them. These places often cause leaks.

Video instruction

The outbuilding comes from the German flugel, which literally means "wing". In architecture, an outbuilding is a secondary extension, which can be part of the house or located outside it. The extension is created as a secondary element of the building, which is compositionally and functionally subordinate to the main structure.

In the Russian language, the word "outbuilding" over time has acquired many synonyms - this is both a pridomok and, by the way, a wing, sometimes even a mansion. Today, the outbuilding is used less and less as a place to live only in warm weather. Most often, an outbuilding is a full-fledged building, equipped with heating, lighting, connected to utilities.

Why do you need an outbuilding

This building is remembered when there is a need for additional living space. In outbuildings of the manor type, premises for service personnel (in the old way, servants) are most often equipped. If the structure is located on the roof, then it is used as a guest or play room. When planning an outbuilding, its construction on a finished building, it is necessary to take into account the style of the building so that the new building does not violate the overall composition, but, as it were, continues it.

A modern outhouse does not have to be built as a single structure - today architectural companies offer projects for multi-level buildings that can be double or even triple. All this gives the house individuality both outside and inside (meaning the layout).

Design features of the outbuilding

One of the most common outbuilding locations is the roof of a house. An extension can be planned in advance or built on an already finished building. In the first case, there are no problems, but if you plan to build an outbuilding on a built house, then a number of factors must be taken into account:
- structural features of the roof;
- number of floors, height of the building;
- reliability of walls, ceilings, foundations.

It is not necessary to build an outbuilding on a residential building. Often, a similar architectural element can be seen on outbuildings, a garage and even a bathhouse. It all depends on the preferences of the property owner. The easiest way to equip additional living space on flat roof or on the site of the veranda of the upper floor. In the latter case, it will be necessary to partially glaze the openings and make a roof. If, however, the walls and roof are insulated, then the structure will be ready to receive guests even in the cold season.

AT hospital yard costs small outbuilding surrounded by a whole forest

burdock, nettle and wild hemp. The roof on it is rusty, the pipe is half

collapsed, the steps at the porch rotted and overgrown with grass, and from the plaster

only traces remained. The front facade faces the hospital, the rear -

looks into the field, from which he is separated by a gray hospital fence with nails.

These nails, with their points upwards, both the fence and the wing itself have that

a special dull, cursed look, which we only have on sick leave and

prison buildings.

If you are not afraid to burn yourself on nettles, then let's go along the narrow path,

leading to the outbuilding, and see what's going on inside. Opening the first door

we enter the vestibule. Here, against the walls and near the stove, whole mountains of sick leave are piled up.

rubbish. Mattresses, old tattered dressing gowns, pantaloons, shirts with blue

striped, worthless, worn-out shoes - all this dud is dumped in

heaps, crumpled, tangled, rots and emits a suffocating smell.

On the trash, always with a pipe in his teeth, lies the watchman Nikita, an old retired

soldier with red stripes. He has a stern, exhausted face, hanging eyebrows,

giving the face the expression of a steppe shepherd, and a red nose; he is not tall,

he looks lean and wiry, but his posture is impressive and his fists are hefty.

He belongs to those simple-hearted, positive, diligent and

stupid people who love order more than anything in the world and are therefore convinced

that they should be beaten. He hits in the face, in the chest, in the back, in anything, and

I am sure that without this there would be no order here.

paint, the ceiling is smoky, as in a chicken hut - it is clear that they smoke here in winter

ovens and sometimes carbon monoxide. The windows from the inside are disfigured by iron bars. Paul litter

and a splinter. It stinks of sauerkraut, wick, bugs and ammonia, and

this stink in the first minute makes such an impression on you, as if you

enter the menagerie.

The room has beds bolted to the floor. People sit and lie on them

in blue hospital gowns and old hats. This is crazy.

There are five of them in all. Only one of noble rank, the rest

but all the commoners. First from the door, a tall, thin tradesman with red

with a shining mustache and tear-stained eyes, sits with his head propped up, and looks

to one point. Day and night he is sad, shaking his head, sighing and bitterly

smiling; he rarely takes part in conversations and usually

doesn't answer. He eats and drinks automatically when given. Judging by the painful

a beating cough, thinness and a blush on his cheeks, he begins to develop consumption.

He is followed by a small, lively, very active old man with a sharp

beard and with black, curly hair like a negro's. By day he

walks around the ward from window to window or sits on his bed, tucked

legs in Turkish, and restlessly, like a bullfinch, whistles, sings softly and

giggles. He also shows his childish gaiety and lively character at night, when

gets up then to pray to God, that is, to knock himself with his fists on

chest and pick at the door with your finger. This is the Jew Moiseika, a fool, crazy

about twenty years ago, when his hat workshop burned down.

Of all the inhabitants of ward no. 6, he alone is allowed to leave

outbuilding and even from the hospital yard to the street. Such a privilege

has been using it for a long time, probably like a hospital old-timer and how quiet,

harmless fool, the city jester, who has long been accustomed to seeing on

streets surrounded by boys and dogs. In a dressing gown, in a funny cap and

in shoes, sometimes barefoot and even without pantaloons, he walks the streets,

stopping at the gates and shops, and asks for a pretty penny. In one place they will give him

kvass, in another - bread, in the third - a penny, so that he returns to

the wing is usually well-fed and rich. Whatever he brings with him, he takes away

he has Nikita in his favor. The soldier does it rudely, with heart, twisting

pockets and calling God to witness that he will never be

to let a Jew into the street and that disorder is the worst thing in the world for him.

Moses loves to serve. He serves food to his comrades, shelters them when

they are sleeping, he promises everyone to bring a penny from the street and sew on a new one

hat; he is spoon-feeding his neighbor on the left side, a paraplegic.

He does not do this out of compassion and not out of any considerations of humane

properties, but imitating and involuntarily obeying his neighbor on the right side,

Ivan Dmitrich Gromov, a man of about thirty-three, from the noble, former

bailiff and provincial secretary, suffers from persecution mania. He

or lying on the bed, curled up, or walking from corner to corner,

as if for exercise, he sits very rarely. He is always excited, excited and

tense with some vague, indefinite expectation. The slightest is enough

a rustle in the passage, or a shout in the yard, so that he would raise his voice and become

listen: are they following him? Are they looking for him? And his face at the same time

expresses extreme anxiety and disgust.

I like his broad, bony face, always pale and miserable,

reflecting in itself, as in a mirror, tormented by struggle and prolonged

soul fear. His grimaces are strange and painful, according to the subtle features laid down

on his face with deep sincere suffering, reasonable and intelligent, and in

eyes with a warm, healthy glow. I like him himself, polite, helpful and

unusually delicate in dealing with everyone except Nikita. When

someone drops a button or a spoon, he quickly jumps out of bed and

raises. Every morning he congratulates his comrades on a good morning, lying down

sleep - wishes them good night.

In addition to constantly tense state and grimacing, madness

it is expressed in the following. Sometimes in the evenings he wraps himself in his

dressing gown and, trembling all over, chattering his teeth, begins to walk quickly from corner to

corner and between beds. It looks like he has a high fever. By

the way he suddenly stops and looks at his comrades, it is clear that

he wants to say something very important, but, apparently realizing that his

won't listen or understand, he shakes his head impatiently and

keeps walking. But soon it is desirable to speak prevails over all sorts of

considerations, and he gives himself free rein and speaks ardently and passionately. His speech

disorderly, feverish, like delirium, impulsive and not always intelligible, but on the other hand

says you will recognize Mr. as a crazy person. Difficult to convey on paper

his crazy speech. He speaks of human meanness, of violence that tramples

the truth, about the wonderful life that will eventually be on earth, about window

bars, reminding him every minute of the stupidity and cruelty of rapists.

It turns out a messy, awkward medley from old, but not yet finished singing

About twelve or fifteen years ago in the city, on the most important

street, in own house lived the official Gromov, a respectable man and

prosperous. He had two sons: Sergei and Ivan. Already a student

fourth year, Sergei fell ill with transient consumption and died, and this death

as if it served as the beginning of a whole series of misfortunes that suddenly rained down on

the Gromov family. A week after Sergei's funeral, the old father was placed under

court for forgery and embezzlement and soon died in a prison hospital from typhus. house and

all movable property was sold under the hammer, and Ivan Dmitritch and his mother were left without

any means.

Before, with his father, Ivan Dmitritch, living in St. Petersburg, where he studied at

Witzversigege, received sixty or seventy rubles a month and had no

concept of need, but now he had to dramatically change his life. He must

was from morning till night to give penny lessons, to engage in correspondence, and yet

to starve, since all the earnings were sent to the mother for food. Such a life

Ivan Dmitritch could not stand it; he lost heart, became ill, and, leaving the university, left

home. Here, in the town, under patronage, he received a teacher's job in the county

school, but did not get along with his comrades, did not like the students and soon left

place. Mother died. For six months he went without a place, eating only bread and

water, then entered the bailiff. He held this position until

until he was fired due to illness.

He never, even in his young student years, made an impression

healthy. He was always pale, thin, prone to colds, ate little,

slept. One glass of wine made him dizzy and hysterical. His

always attracted to people, but due to its irritable nature and

he did not get close to anyone and had no friends. About the townspeople

always spoke with contempt, saying that their gross ignorance and sleepy

animal life seems vile and disgusting to him. He spoke in tenor

loudly, ardently, and nothing else than indignantly and indignantly, or with delight and

surprise, and always sincerely. What happened, you can’t talk to him, he’s all

reduces to one thing: it is stuffy and boring to live in the city, society has no higher

interests, it leads a dull, meaningless life, diversifying it with violence,

gross depravity and hypocrisy; the scoundrels are fed and clothed, while the private ones are eating

crumbs; we need schools, a local newspaper with an honest direction, a theater,

public readings, solidarity of intellectual forces; society needs

self-conscious and horrified. In his judgments about people, he put thick colors,

only white and black, not recognizing any shades; humanity was divided

he has on honest and scoundrels; there was no middle ground. About women and love

he always spoke passionately, with delight, but he was never in love.

In the city, despite the sharpness of his judgments and nervousness, he was loved and

behind the eyes affectionately called Vanya. His innate delicacy, helpfulness,

decency, moral purity and his shabby frock coat, sickly

the sight and family misfortunes inspired a good, warm and sad feeling; to that

but he was well educated and well-read, he knew, according to the townspeople, everything and was in

city ​​is something like a walking reference dictionary.

He read a lot. It used to be that everyone sits in the club, nervously pulling his beard

and leafing through magazines and books; and it is clear from his face that he does not read, but

swallows, barely having time to chew. One must think that reading was one of his

morbid habits, since he pounced on everything with equal greed,

that fell under his hands, even on last year's newspapers and calendars. at home

he always read himself lying down.

One autumn morning, turning up the collar of his coat and slapping through the mud,

Ivan Dmitritch made his way through the alleys and back alleys to some tradesman in order to

receive but a writ of execution. He was in a gloomy mood

always in the morning. In one of the lanes he met two prisoners in

shackles and with them four escorts with guns. Ivan Dmitritch used to be very

often met prisoners, and each time they aroused feelings in him

compassion and embarrassment, but now this meeting produced some kind of

special, strange impression. For some reason he suddenly felt that

they can also be put in shackles and in the same way lead through the mud to prison.

Having visited the tradesman and returning to his home, he met near the post office

familiar police officer, who greeted him and walked with him

the street a few steps, and for some reason it seemed suspicious to him. Houses

all day long prisoners and soldiers with guns could not get out of his head, and

did not light a fire in himself, and did not sleep at night and kept thinking that he could

arrest, shackle and put in jail. He knew no guilt

he could guarantee that in the future he would never kill, set fire to, or steal;

but is it really difficult to commit a crime unintentionally, involuntarily, and isn’t it

possible slander, finally a miscarriage of justice? After all, it is not for nothing that the age-old folk

experience teaches not to promise from the scrip and the prison. A miscarriage of justice under the present

legal proceedings is very possible, and there is nothing tricky about it. People who have

service, business attitude to someone else's suffering, for example, judges,

policemen, doctors, over time, by virtue of habit, are tempered to such

degree that they would like to, but they cannot treat their customers otherwise than

formally; in this respect they are no different from the peasant who

backyard slaughters sheep and calves and does not notice the blood. While formal,

soulless attitude towards the individual, in order to deprive an innocent person

all the rights of the state and to award to hard labor, the judge needs only one thing: time.

Only time to comply with some formalities, but which the judge is paid

salary, and then - it's all over. Seek then justice and protection in this

small, dirty town, two hundred miles from railway! Yes and no

Is it funny to think about justice when all violence is encountered

society as a reasonable and expedient necessity, and every act

mercy, such as an acquittal, causes a whole explosion

unsatisfied, vindictive feeling?

In the morning Ivan Dmitritch got up from his bed in horror, with cold sweat on his forehead,

already quite sure that he could be arrested any minute. If yesterday

heavy thoughts do not leave him for such a long time, he thought, then, therefore, there is an awn in them

element of truth. Could they really come to mind without any

The policeman slowly walked past the windows: this is not without reason. Here are two people

stopped near the house and are silent. Why are they silent?

And for Ivan Dmitritch agonizing days and nights came. All passed

past the windows and entering the courtyard seemed to be spies and detectives. At noon

usually the police officer rode in a pair along the street; he was driving from his

suburban estate to the police department, but it seemed to Ivan Dmitritch

every time he drives too fast and with some special expression:

obviously in a hurry to announce that a very important criminal has appeared in the city.

Ivan Dmitritch trembled at every ring and knock at the gate, and languished when

met a new person at the hostess; when meeting with policemen and gendarmes

smiled and whistled to punish the indifferent. He didn't sleep all night

all the time, waiting for arrest, but snoring loudly and sighing, as if sleepy, in order to

it seemed to the hostess that he was sleeping; because if he does not sleep, it means that he is being tormented

pangs of conscience - what evidence! Facts and sound logic convinced him that

all these fears are nonsense and psychopathy, what is in arrest and prison, if you look

on a wider matter, in essence, there is nothing terrible - if the conscience is calm;

but the smarter and more logical he reasoned, the stronger and more painful it became

mental anxiety. It was like oh how one hermit wanted to knock out

a place in the virgin forest; the harder he worked with an ax, the thicker

and the forest grew stronger. Ivan Dmitritch finally seeing that this

useless, gave up reasoning altogether, and gave himself up entirely to despair and fear.

He began to retire and avoid people. The service was disgusting to him before,

now she became unbearable for him. He was afraid that somehow

let them down, put a bribe in his pocket imperceptibly and then convict him, or he himself

inadvertently makes a mistake in official papers, tantamount to forgery, or

lose other people's money. It is strange that at no other time had his thought been

so flexible and inventive, as now, when every day he invented

thousands of different reasons to seriously fear for your

freedom and honor. But on the other hand, interest in the outside world has significantly weakened, in

in particular to books, and began to strongly change memory.

In the spring, when the snow melted, two

half-rotten corpses - an old woman and a boy, with signs of violent death.

In the city, there was only talk about these corpses and unknown murderers.

Ivan Dmitritch, so that they would not think that it was he who had killed, walked the streets and

smiled, and at a meeting with acquaintances turned pale, blushed and began to assure that

there is no more vile crime than the killing of the weak and defenseless. But this lie

soon tired him, and, after some reflection, he decided that in his

The best situation is to hide in the hostess's cellar. in the cellar

he sat for a day, then a night and another day, he was very cold and, waiting for

darkness, secretly, like a thief, made his way to his room. Stayed until dawn

he is in the middle of the room, not moving and listening. Early in the morning before sunrise

the stove-makers came to the hostess. Ivan Dmitritch knew well that they had come

to shift the stove in the kitchen, but fear told him that this

policemen dressed as stove-makers. He slowly left the apartment and,

terrified, without a hat or coat, he ran down the street. Behind him with a bark

dogs were chasing, a peasant was shouting somewhere behind, the air was whistling in his ears, and Ivan

It seemed to Dmitritch that the violence of the whole world had accumulated behind him and was chasing

They detained him, brought him home and sent the hostess for a doctor. Doctor

Andrey Efimych, about whom we are talking ahead, prescribed cold lotions on his head

and cherry laurel drops, shook his head sadly and left, telling the hostess that

it will come no more, because one should not prevent people from going crazy.

Since at home there was nothing to live on and to be treated, Ivan Dmitritch would soon

sent to the hospital and put him there in the ward for venereal patients.

He did not sleep at night, was capricious and disturbed the sick, and soon, after

by order of Andrey Yefimitch, was transferred to Ward No. 6.

A year later, Ivan Dmitritch was completely forgotten in the city, and the books

he, dumped by the hostess in a sleigh under a canopy, was pulled apart by the boys.

The neighbor on the left side of Ivan Dmitritch, as I said, is the Jew Moiseyka,

the neighbor on the right is a fat, almost round peasant with a stupid, completely

meaningless face. It is motionless, gluttonous and unclean

an animal that has long since lost the ability to think and feel. From him

there is always a sharp, suffocating stench.

Nikita, who is cleaning up after him, beats him terribly, with all his might, without sparing

their fists; and it’s not scary here that they beat him, - you can

get used to - and the fact that this stupid animal does not respond to beatings

no sound, no movement, no expression of the eyes, but only swaying slightly, as

heavy barrel.

The fifth and last inhabitant of Ward No. 6 is a tradesman who once served

sorter at the post office, a small thin blond with a kind, but somewhat

sly face. Judging by the intelligent, calm eyes, looking clear and cheerful, he

on his mind and has some very important and pleasant secret. He has under

pillow and under the mattress something that he does not show to anyone, but not from

fear that they might be taken away or stolen, but out of modesty. Sometimes he comes to

window and, turning his back to his comrades, puts something on his chest and

looks with his head down; if you approach him at this time, he will be embarrassed and

rip something off your chest. But its secret is not difficult to guess.

Congratulate me, - he often says to Ivan Dmitritch, - I am presented to

Stanislav of the second degree with a star. The second degree with a star is given only

foreigners, but for some reason they want to make an exception for me, - he smiles,

shrugging in confusion. - Well, to be honest, I didn't expect it!

I don’t understand anything about this,” Ivan Dmitritch declares gloomily.

But you know what I will achieve sooner or later? - continues the former

sorter, screwing up his eyes slyly. - I will certainly get the Swedish "Polar

star". The order is such that it is worth patting. A white cross and a black ribbon. This

very beautiful.

Probably nowhere else is life so monotonous as in

outbuilding. In the morning the sick, except for the paraplegic and the fat peasant, wash themselves in

hallway from a large tub and wipe themselves with the folds of dressing gowns; then drink from

pewter mugs of tea that Nikita brings from the main building. To each

relies on one mug. At noon they eat sauerkraut soup and porridge,

in the evening they dine with porridge left over from dinner. In between lie, sleep,

looking out the windows and walking from corner to corner. And so every day. Even the former

the sorter says everything about the same orders.

Fresh people are rarely seen in Ward No. 6. New crazy doctors have long

no longer accepts, and there are few fans of visiting madhouses on this

light. Once every two months Semyon Lazarich, the barber, comes to the wing. How is he

he cuts crazy people and how Nikita helps him do it and in what confusion

sick people come every time a drunken smiling barber appears,

we won't talk.

Except the barber, no one looks into the outbuilding. Sick condemned

to see only Nikita from day to day.

However, recently a rather strange

A rumor was spread that Ward No. 6 was allegedly visited by a doctor.

In the classical interpretation, an outbuilding is a small, independent, or attached to a residential or commercial building, a structure used for temporary residence of people or other household needs. This is additional living space.

Naturally, the easiest option for building a roof wing is to design it in advance, when building a new house. In this case, it is much easier to attach additional nodes and connections, to create a single complex with the main building.

What determines the possibility of building an outbuilding on the roof?

• Type of roof, say mansard roof
• Floors and total height of the main building
• Building location
• The material of the supporting structures of the house: walls, floors, foundations (its strength characteristics)

• Proper distribution of weight loads between all supporting structures
• Accounting for the effects of snow and wind
• Changing the solarization (illumination) of the premises of the lower floor
• Articulation of branch structures storm water
• Organization of balanced heat and air exchange

Naturally, those for whom aesthetics is important should evaluate whether the new building will decorate the facade of their house. In general, whether it is a pitched or a sloping roof, there is almost always a technical solution, the question is the desire of the owner and his financial capabilities.

How to build an outbuilding?

The development of suburban construction is on the rise. Unpresentable shed houses, which were proudly called dachas, are becoming a thing of the past. To replace unpresentable houses, cozy cottages are being built, in which all comfort zones are provided: rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, a terrace, and sometimes an outbuilding.

An outbuilding is an extension used as an additional room. It is being built to have another guest room or a playroom for children. Sometimes the outbuilding is designed to organize a winter garden or a small gym in it. Whatever the owners choose, one thing is clear - there is never a superfluous outbuilding. In private houses, an outbuilding is usually placed on the roof - this is convenient and practical.

Outbuilding - an extension to the house or a detached residential building, functionally and compositionally combined with the main building. Literal translation of the term outbuilding with German language means wing, which explains the huge number of synonyms for the definition in Russia: annex, obochen, pridomok, prihromok, wing, mansion. The outbuilding is a full-fledged residential building with heating, lighting and sanitary facilities.

The wing comes to mind when it is necessary to constructively increase the living space. Initially, premises for service personnel, servants in the old way, and guest rooms were attached to the manor-type buildings. Starting the reconstruction of the building, they tried to preserve the laid down style, decoration, so the shape of the wing organically continued the main building, not emphasizing, but continuing it, as if it was originally intended. If a compositional solution was not found, the wing was built separately, preserving the style of the complex.

The modern outbuilding also solves the problem of increasing living space by changing the architectural appearance of the building. The construction of multi-level outbuildings, double, triple and other complex levels, gives a modern personality to the look of the building, making the layout of the house unique.

It would be more reasonable to include the outbuilding immediately in the project of the house, in which case it is possible to choose one of standard projects which are in abundance today. If your house has already been built, you should not lose heart either, there is various options solutions to this problem. First of all, there are several important factors to consider:

It should be remembered that although it is theoretically possible to install an outbuilding not only on the roof of the house, but on auxiliary buildings and outbuildings, a builder, especially an inexperienced one, will inevitably encounter difficulties. For example, it should be taken into account that the outbuilding being designed will certainly increase the load on the already existing load-bearing structures of the house, the roof will also change its appearance, and this is dangerous not only and not so much as damage to the aesthetic feelings of your neighbors, but also creates additional windage, which will have a detrimental effect on strong wind.

For example:

• if the roof of the building is flat, as a rule, there are no problems with the construction of the outbuilding
• often on the top floor there is a large veranda - glaze it and the outbuilding is ready

If the strength of the walls and floors is insufficient, then you can choose lighter and stronger composite materials. or install additional columns. Also, do not forget about the gutters and the type of roof, whether it will be separate for the outbuilding or serves as a continuation of the main one. And most importantly, do not forget that we are still building an auxiliary building, do not try to build something monumental, many problems will go away by themselves.

So remember:

• optimally distribute the load on walls and ceilings
• please note that the illumination of the floor under the outbuilding may deteriorate
• calculate the change in roof windage and the sufficiency of waterproofing

And remember, among other things, this structure should harmoniously fit into the overall appearance of the building, and not stick out, an eyesore.