Actuator skp 25.003 e2. Actuators for gas valves Siemens SKP25. General information about actuators

2003-11-19

SN and P 2.04.05-91*"Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" allow (p. 6) "pipelines of heating systems ... design from steel, copper, brass pipes, heat-resistant pipes from polymer materials(including metal-polymer) approved for use in construction. In a set with pipes, fittings and products corresponding to the type of pipes used should be used. At the same time, relatively steel pipes it is said (notes to Appendix 13): "the wall thickness of the pipe should be taken as the minimum according to GOST for the estimated diameter of the pipe, taking into account the connection on the thread or by welding," and also "electric-welded steel pipes should be connected by welding." As for plastic pipes, apart from the instructions (clause 4 of Appendix 26): “the thread on the connecting parts must be of a full profile without torn and underformed threads and ensure screwing by at least one or two threads by hand” there are no other recommendations.

Regarding copper and brass pipes, no information is given at all. In this regard, an acute problem arises. It seems to us that it is dictated by the fact that the data given in the SNiP is not enough for high-quality and productive work on the installation, design and, of course, operation of heating systems. Indeed, today, in addition to threaded and welded joints, many other methods of assembling steel pipes are known. Plastic pipes made of PES - cross-linked polyethylene, PP-3 - polypropylene, X PVC - additionally chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and MP - metal polymer, approved for use (Appendix 25) for these purposes, differ from each other not only in a large spread of physical and mechanical parameters, but also ways of connecting. Concerning copper pipes, then they also have their own connection specifics. In addition, if we take into account the fact that today these types of work are carried out by tens of thousands of organizations, numbering from a few people to hundreds or more workers and engineers, and sometimes there are no professionals among them - plumbers or heaters, the severity of the problem increases even more.

In this regard, consideration of the features of connecting pipes approved by the Building Regulations and Rules for use in water heating systems should somehow reduce the severity of this problem.

To make it clearer distinctive features connecting all of the listed pipes to each other and with connecting parts, let's start with the steel pipe connections that have long been used in heating systems.

Steel pipe connection

Large construction organizations most often use welding (~2~) to assemble steel pipelines.

In this case, both gas welding and electric welding are used. These high-performance methods of connecting steel pipelines are very widely used in pipeline construction. However, they require highly qualified technical personnel performing installation work, and special welding equipment, which in modern conditions of sanitary work is available only to large specialized organizations.

Therefore, small enterprises prefer to use for the same purposes standard fittings on short (~3~, a) and long (~3~, b) threads.

The main requirement for pipe threads is that the cut surface of the pipe is clean and free of burrs. When assembling pipes on a thread, it is necessary to ensure their alignment, as well as the strength and tightness of the joints. The tightness of threaded joints of steel pipes is achieved mainly by filling the gap between the internal and external threads with a sealing material along their entire length. The connecting parts or fittings must be screwed onto the pipe with some force, otherwise other connecting parts must be selected. If it is not possible to select the connecting parts, then you should replace the pipe or cut a fuller thread on it. Connecting parts or fittings must be screwed onto the pipe to failure, i.e. before jamming on the run. At the end of rolling, the threads should be cleaned, and the remains of the sealing strand should be removed from the surface of the pipe and connecting parts. Sealing materials used in the assembly of threaded connections must not be destroyed when fittings or fittings are screwed onto pipes, must harden in the gap between the threads without air access during operation and must be plastic during the entire service life heating system. When using cone-to-cone connections (see ~ 3 ~, c), the threads are lubricated with mineral oil or oxol drying oil before connection, the use of an additional sealant is not required. Long-term practice has shown that as a sealing material for threaded connections of pipelines of heating systems at a coolant temperature of up to 100 ° C, it is good to use linen strand impregnated with red lead or whitewash mixed with natural drying oil. It is not allowed to use hemp and substitutes for natural drying oil. The use of flax as a sealant for threaded connections of another type (see ~ 3 ~, a and b) is explained by the fact that its fibers are long, thin and at the same time strong, therefore flax fits tightly in the thread recesses and does not collapse when screwing the connecting parts or fittings. Recently, other sealing materials have appeared and are used (Table 1 ~5~). It is possible to effectively and reliably connect steel pipes by soldering, both simple and magnetic. The essence of the latter is that by pointing magnetic field it is possible to keep solid ferromagnetic particles in the gap between the pipes during the entire soldering cycle. When connecting pipelines to the socket by magnetic soldering, a magnet (~ 4 ~, a) is installed on the connected elements of the pipeline, which creates a magnetic field between the socket and the pipe inserted into it.

In this case, the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field are directed across the joint. This allows the gap between the pipes to be filled with iron powder. The magnetic field, holding the filler in the gap, forms a porous ring. When applied on top of the joint (with a vertical arrangement of pipelines) or next to it (with a horizontal arrangement of pipelines) and heating until the paste-like solder is melted, it is possible, using capillary forces due to the small gap between the particles of iron powder, to keep the molten solder in the gap between the pipes. It impregnates the entire porous ring. And after cooling, it forms a strong brazed joint of steel pipes. A multi-flame annular burner is used to provide the necessary heating. It must move along the axis of the joined pipes. Particular attention should be paid to warming up. inner pipe. It can be controlled visually by the degree of luminescence of its surface. After the shrinkage of the solder begins, the burner is removed. As studies of the Research Institute of Mosstoroy show, the solder strength largely depends on the correct choice of the gap between the pipes to be soldered and the length of the solder joint (~4~, b). The use of magnetic soldering makes it possible to reduce the weight of the pipeline by tens of percent due to the use of thin-walled pipes.

Copper pipe connection

This seems to be one of the reasons why brazing is one of the main ways to connect copper pipes to each other and to the fittings. True, in this case, a permanent connection (~ 13 ~, a) of copper pipes is obtained by capillary soldering, which is normalized in the corresponding set of rules. Unfortunately, there are still no codes of practice that would regulate the connections of plastic pipelines in relation to heating systems in Russia. Therefore, the available literature data should be used.

Compound polymer pipes

Pipes made of polypropylene are connected by socket welding, and pipes made of additionally chlorinated polyvinyl chloride are joined by gluing.

PP pipe connection

Socket welding is based on the conjugation of the melted surfaces of the parts to be welded by quickly pushing the end of one pipe into the socket of another (~6~).

For this, thin layers are simultaneously melted on the indicated surfaces with a heating tool: the inner surface of the socket is melted with a mandrel, and the outer surface with a sleeve. To create pressure on the mating surfaces of the pipes, the inner diameter of the sleeve is taken to be 0.2-0.7 mm larger than the outer diameter of the mandrel. The same ratio is recommended for the outer diameter of the pipe and the inner diameter of the socket (coupling). Therefore, in a cold state, the end of the pipe cannot be pushed into the socket of the fitting. When pushing the parts onto the heating tool, the excess material is removed by the edges of this tool. The removal of a small surface layer is a positive fact, since this reduces the risk of contaminants from the surface of the part entering the weld and destroys the oxidized surface layer of the part. When removing a layer of considerable thickness, the duration of heating of the parts above the permissible limits increases, which can lead to a loss of their dimensional stability, as well as to the formation of beads of melted material inside the pipeline, which worsen its hydraulic characteristics. Welding is carried out at a temperature on the heating surfaces of approximately 270°C. In this case, the main welding parameters must be strictly observed (Table 2 ~9~).

Connection of pipes made of metal-polymer and cross-linked polyethylene

Metal-polymer pipes, like cross-linked polyethylene, are not welded or glued. However, this does not mean that they can be assembled using only one type of connection, as follows from the Code of Practice for the design and installation of heating systems from MPT. To connect pipes made of metal-polymer and cross-linked polyethylene to each other, with fittings, devices and pipes made of other materials, mechanical connections in the form of clamping sleeves of various designs (they are manufactured and supplied to Russian market approximately 50 manufacturers, each of which produces them practically according to their own technology).

In Russia, there is no regulatory document on technical requirements to mechanical connections of plastic pipes. This circumstance imposes on the consumer a special responsibility for choosing connections from the whole variety of proposed designs.

A common element of all mechanical connections of these pipes is a fitting. A pipe is put on it, and the other end of the fitting is threaded for connection to a fitting, manifold or device. The outer surface of the fitting has annular protrusions - for connecting pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, and for connecting metal-polymer pipes, annular grooves are also provided for laying sealing rings of a circular cross section made of elastomers in them.

~7~ shows a PEX a XLPE pipe joint used by the Swedish company Wirsbo.

For the installation of this type of connection, a pipe cutter (scissors) is used for cutting pipes, a tool for removing internal chamfers and burrs, pliers for expanding the crimp collar and spanners for screwing a nut onto a bolt.

To connect pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene PEX a, the German company REHAU offers a one-piece connection, in which the pipe is crimped on the fitting by a tension brass sleeve (Fig. 7).

A pre-expanded pipe is put on a fitting with annular protrusions, after which, using a special device, the coupling is pushed all the way into the side of the fitting.

A similar slip-on coupling is used by the German company IVT to connect both XLPE and metal-polymer pipes. For metal-polymer pipes, a slip-on coupling with large inner and outer diameters is used.

In a one-piece connection of pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene by the Swedish company Wirsbo, of an identical design, a polyethylene heat-shrinkable sleeve is used instead of a brass compression sleeve. white color.

Many companies use a design with a steel compression sleeve for the permanent connection of metal-polymer pipes (Fig. 8).

An internal chamfer is removed from the end of the cut MPT, a gauge is inserted inside it to straighten the ovality formed during cutting. A fitting with rubber sealing rings put on it is inserted into the calibrated pipe. In order to avoid electrocorrosion, a dielectric gasket is installed at the point of contact between the end of the metal-polymer pipe (aluminum) and the metal connecting part. To compress a steel coupling, standard pressing tongs with a set of inserts with dimensions corresponding to the existing pipe diameters are used.

Various companies offer mechanical connections with union nuts (Fig. 9).

Connections (see Fig. 9, a-c) as an element that compresses the pipe have a split metal ring in their design, and in the connection (see Fig. 9, d) the constricting element is a continuous ring - a sleeve. Connections (Fig. 9, a and d) are manufactured by the Moscow enterprise ZAO Trubmetallokomplekt.

When using the connections discussed above, you should make sure that they are compatible, since for different manufacturers, the outer diameters and wall thicknesses of the pipes (even for the same nominal pressure) rarely coincide within the tolerances from the nominal dimensions. The paper also notes that there are many ways to connect heating pipelines. One of the highly reliable and progressive is the method of connecting metal-polymer, polymer, copper and stainless pipes using press fittings of two main types, differing in the type of pipes being connected. Metal pipes (copper and stainless steel) are connected using a fitting fitted on the pipe with an internal sealing ring. As a rule, this type of fitting is made of the same material as the pipe. Metal-polymer and polymer pipes are connected using structurally more complex fittings. Depending on connection method metal-plastic pipes, the author divides all fittings into threaded (compression) and press fittings. When using threaded fittings, the pipe is fixed by squeezing it with a split ring and a tightening nut. When assembling the connection, wrenches, a pipe cutter, a pipe bender and a bevel calibrator are required. The disadvantages of threaded connections are possible mistakes during installation (insufficiently tightened thread) and more, compared to press fittings, the number of parts for assembling the pipeline. The installation of such fittings requires more time, as well as careful monitoring and maintenance during operation, since the tightening of the compression nuts weakens over time and depressurization of the connection may occur.

Press fittings for metal-plastic pipes usually consist of several parts: the fitting body itself with a fitting inserted into the pipe, having from 1 to 3 sealing rings, a compression sleeve and an insulating ring. The body of the fitting is made from heat-treated special brass with a low zinc content or from a special polymer, which guarantees high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. The crimp sleeve is made of high alloy steel. Some fittings, such as Geberit Mepla, do not have a compression sleeve and the pipe itself performs its function. An insulating ring, usually made of Teflon, is installed between the fitting body and the end of the pipe and serves to galvanically isolate the pipe and fitting, which prevents the occurrence of thermoelectric corrosion.

What are the advantages of press connections over other connections?

Press connections are one-piece connections. This means that they do not need regular tightening and control during operation, unlike threaded fittings. Hidden laying, pouring into concrete is allowed. Permissible working pressure at the joints up to 1 MPa. Many manufacturers of press fittings give a guarantee on the connection up to 50 years. Quick and easy installation with a high degree of reliability without soldering, welding or threading. All this, according to the author, ultimately reduces the cost of the project and installation time, which is important for design and installation organizations, and high strength and reliability of connections significantly reduce operating costs and increase the service life of the system. Today there are more than a hundred manufacturers of press fittings and pipes, but this does not mean that there are as many press circuits. There is some unification, i.e. fittings of a number of manufacturers are crimped with the same contours.

The paper notes that TECEflex metal-polymer pipes are connected without any additional sealing. In a pipe-fitting connection, the seal is the pipe itself. As a result, the durability and reliability of the connection is in no way related to the characteristics of the seal material. Convenient and fast installation is one of the main advantages of TECEflex pipes. For installation, a hand tool is used, which allows you to work even in hard-to-reach places. With the TECEflex tool there is no need for an electrical connection or compressed air, as is often the case with many other systems. A special connection technique with axial sliding sleeves greatly simplifies the installation process. There is no need to cut threads, use welding or soldering. Each connection can be completed in less than 1 minute. It does not require any special skills. The design of the connection allows, after assembly and pressure testing, to lay the TECEflex system into a monolith, since, unlike most known pipe systems, TECEflex connections are guaranteed not to require maintenance (covering) during the entire service life. Thanks to the original connection technique using axial movable bushings, the nominal bore of the fitting is comparable to the nominal bore of the pipe (the fitting is a full bore). Thanks to this, the use of TECEflex greatly simplifies the work of planners and installers. This also significantly extends the service life of the TECEflex system, because it is precisely in the places where nominal diameters change that intensive wear of the inner surface of the pipe occurs. The minimum service life of the TECEflex system is 50 years. The TECEflex system uses universal fittings, a large selection of which makes work easier. Fittings are made of corrosion-resistant brass. The metal fittings of the TECEflex system can be reused many times. To do this, the connection must first be simply heated with a building hair dryer, after which it can be easily disassembled. To reduce the cost of construction, there are also plastic fittings made of PPSU. TECEflex fittings made of PPSU plastic have the same scope, thanks to the special qualities of the materials included in their composition. PPSU fittings are as durable as brass fittings. The difference is that they cannot be reused.

As noted in the work, metal-polymer pipes manufactured by REHAU are interconnected without the use of sealing rings made of elastomers using a fitting by radial crimping with a metal sleeve.

The paper describes connections for PEX pipes, which can be used for 50 years at an operating temperature of 95°C and a pressure of 1 MPa. Wirsbo considers the simplicity of their installation to the undoubted advantages of these connections. Connections are made without gluing, welding, heating, soldering or threading. Ways of connecting pipes and fittings in Wirsbo systems can be described as mechanical with compression nuts (collet clamps) or with compression clamps (WIPEX connections) and self-crimping Wirsbo Quick&Easy. Wirsbo Quick&Easy couplings are designed for the installation of Wirsbo-PEX and Wirsbo-evalPEX pipes with a diameter of 16-40 mm in collector and tee radiator heating systems. The connection kit includes fittings made of high quality dezincification resistant brass and ferrules made of the same material as Wirsbo-PEX and Wirsbo-evalPEX pipes. In radiator heating systems, white rings are used for all pipes. The outer diameter of the fittings is greater than the inner diameter of the pipes, and the inner diameter of the rings is equal to the outer diameter of the pipes.

The Quick&Easy connection is made by flaring the pipe together with the ferrule put on its end using an expanding manual or hydraulic tool, inserting the fitting into the expanded pipe and then spontaneously crimping the ferrule around the pipe. This procedure takes no more than 15 seconds, during which a reliable, tight and durable connection is created with a service life equal to half a century. This technology is based on the fact that PEX-a polyethylene has molecular shape memory, high elasticity and the ability to return to its original state even after prolonged expansion. The Quick&Easy connection is one-piece, but unlike metal ring technologies, it can be easily dismantled. The indisputable advantage of the Quick&Easy connection is the smaller number of parts used in the connections. All of these factors, together with the speed, ease and ease of implementation, contribute to reducing labor costs, and therefore, total cost work to improve the reliability of the system. WIPEX connections are designed for the installation of systems central heating from Wirsbo-PEX and Wirsbo-evalPEX pipes with a diameter of 32-110 mm. WIPEX connections consist of a crimp collar that seals a round cross section rings, bolts, washers and nuts. The selection of materials for joints, taking into account their industrial purpose, guarantees high mechanical strength and good anti-corrosion resistance. So, the inner surface of the fittings, which is in direct contact with water, is made of dezincification-resistant brass, and the outer surface is either made of acid-resistant stainless steel or bronze. Silicone rings are used to seal the mating parts of WIPEX. They are placed in a special groove made in the crimp clamp. The WIPEX design connection ensures a perfect pipe crimp and guarantees a reliable and durable connection. The breaking resistance of a WIPEX pipe connection is higher than the resistance of the pipe itself, and therefore temperature fluctuations do not affect its tightness. WIPEX couplings are strong and simple in design, they also allow you to work even in hard-to-reach places. Clamps are tightened with easy-to-use small ring wrenches or wrenches.

Wirsbo collets (clamps) are screwed-in mechanical connections consisting of 3 elements: a sealing sleeve, a split sealing ring and a captive compression nut with internal thread made of dezincification resistant brass. They are used for connecting pipes with a diameter of 16, 20 and 25 mm with manifolds in radiator and floor heating. When selecting a connection kit with a compression nut, it should be taken into account that the split sealing ring and the nut for Wirsbo-PEX and Wirsbo-evalPEX pipes have the same dimensions, but the sealing sleeves are different. To avoid confusion, each sealing sleeve is marked on the outside with the size of the pipe for which it is used. In connections of this type with original Wirsbo elements, sealing occurs by contact metal surfaces(metal-metal) without the use of rubber gaskets. These connections will remain airtight regardless of temperature fluctuations and length of service.

X PVC pipe connection

According to work gluing X PVC pipes should include the following technological processes.

1. Pipe cutting: it is necessary to cut the pipe perpendicular to its axis, using special scissors or a hacksaw for this.
2. Pipe end processing: burrs are removed using a special scraper or a carpenter's knife.
3. Fitting of connected elements: to check whether the elements to be glued fit well, it is necessary to insert the end of one pipe into the socket of another pipe (sleeve) without glue (dry). The pipe should freely enter 2/3 of the depth of the socket, and then closely with resistance. (It is impossible to agree with such recommendations, since with a certain tightness it will not be possible to do this. In such cases, a measuring tool should be used.)
4. Surface preparation for the bonding process: for cleaning and pre-softening, it is necessary to clean the surfaces to be joined with a special solvent, using a clean rag.
5. Glue application: it is necessary to apply glue evenly on the outer surface of the end of one pipe, using a special swab. The remaining amount of glue that remained on the swab should be evenly smeared on the inner surface of the socket on the other pipe (coupling).
6. Bonding process: after applying glue to both connected elements, it is necessary to immediately insert the pipe into the socket (coupling) until it stops, then, in order to obtain better contact between the surfaces, turn it 1/4 turn. The elements to be joined must be pressed and kept in this state for one minute (~12~). With proper bonding, an extruded thin bead of glue should appear around the joint.
7. Tests: after installation of the equipment, it is necessary to test the connections for tightness at a pressure 1.5 times higher than the operating pressure in the heating system, up to 0.9 MPa. The water pump should be installed at the lowest point in the system. It is necessary to remove air from the system. Then, filling the system with water, see if there are any leaks in it. At the first stage, the test should be carried out three times, increasing and decreasing the pressure from the minimum to the maximum test pressure. The test pressure in the system must not decrease by more than 0.6 bar (below 0.84 MPa) for each subsequent 10 minutes. If the system has passed the first tests, they should be repeated at a pressure p = 0.9 MPa. If during the 72 hours of testing the addition of water does not exceed 0.1%, we can assume that the heating system has successfully passed the tests.

1. Modern technologies pipe sealing. Henkel LOCTITE. Pipeline systems. Plumbing, 2001, No. 1, p. 26.
2. Code of Practice for Design and Construction "Design and installation of pipelines internal systems water supply and heating of buildings from copper pipes” (in press).
3. Bukhin V.E., Romeiko V.S. Mechanical connections of plastic pipes. New technologies. Pipelines and ecology. No. 1, 2001, p. 25–29.
4. Romeiko V.S., Bukhin V.E., Ostavnov A.A., etc. Reference materials. Plastic pipes in construction. part 2. Construction of pipelines. Operation and repair of pipelines. M.: BAJIAHG, 1997. p. 188.
5. Set of rules for design and construction "Design and installation of pipelines for heating systems using metal-polymer pipes." SP, 41–98, p. 32.
6. Guo E. Modern technologies for the installation of metal-plastic pipes. Sanitary tool. "AVOK" PRESS. Plumbing, No. 1, 2003, p. 27–29.
7. TECEflex is a universal system of pipes and fittings for plumbing, heating and underfloor heating networks. Pipes and fittings. S.O.K., No. 7, 2003, p. 18–19.
8. New system RAUBASIC press pipework from REHAU. Pipelines. ABOK, No. 2, 2003, p. 38.
9. Connections for systems of water supply and heating of Wirsbo. Engineering systems. Plumbing. No. 6, 2002, p. 32–34.
10. Installation of polymer pipes. From the USMetrix pipe installation instructions. S.O.K., No. 7, 2003, p. 16–17.
11. Ostavnov A.A. Bonding pipes made of additionally chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. Connection of polymer pipelines. Plumbing. No. 2, 2003, p. 38–44.

July 25, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

The issue of connecting pipes without welding is always relevant, since welding machine not every home master has it, and not everyone knows how to use it. At the same time, no pipeline is eternal, so such a need may arise in a country house, in a private house or in an apartment at any time. Below I will share with you some of the secrets of specialists that allow you to make such connections without welding.

metal

First of all, it should be said that all existing pipes can be divided into two types:

• metal;
• plastic.

As a rule, the most problems arise with docking. metal pipes, therefore, we first consider the methods of their connection.

So, there are several options for hermetic docking:

Let's take a closer look at each of these options below.

With threaded socket

Most often, metal pipes without welding can be joined using a threaded connection. In this case, respectively, threading is required. It should be noted that this is not such a complicated procedure as it may seem to many at first glance.

To cut threads, you will need an electric thread cutter or dies for manual threading. Since the price of an electric tool is very high, below I will tell you how to do the job manually:

1. first of all, you need to clean the surface from the paint, which is to be threaded. If there are influxes of metal on it, for example, remaining after welding, they must be ground off;
2. then you need to remove the outer chamfer from the end with a file;
3. then, on the prepared end of the part, you need to put on a lerka (die) and make half a turn. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the die is put on strictly perpendicular to the axis;
4. then you need to perform a quarter turn back;
5. according to this principle, the thread is cut to the required length. In the process of cutting, the cutters must be lubricated with a special liquid or any other lubricant;
6. then, according to the same scheme, threading is performed on another part of the pipeline to be connected.

For socket mounting on one pipe, the length of the thread must be several times longer than on the other, so that a socket with a nut can be screwed onto it.

After threading, you can make a coupling connection with your own hands, which is done as follows:

1. a nut is screwed onto a long thread and then a coupling;
2. a nut is screwed onto the second end of the part;
3. then the pipes are connected, and the coupling is rolled up with the length of the thread, as a result of which it begins to be wound onto the second part with a short thread. This procedure must be performed until the junction is approximately in the middle of the coupling;
4. then nuts are screwed on both sides. Before tightening them, a tow should be wound between the couplings and nuts to waterproof the joint.

This connection is reliable and durable. However, it is not always possible to cut threads. If, for example, the pipeline is located close to the wall, this operation is unlikely to succeed.

Connection with Gebo coupling

The Gebo coupling ("gebu" or "gebra") is a special compression fitting. With it, you can connect steel pipes without threading and welding very quickly, and this does not require any special tools.

The scheme of its use is extremely simple:

1. parts are put on the pipe in the following sequence:

• screw;
• clamping ring;
• clamping ring;
• sealing ring;
• clutch;

1. then you need to put on the coupling halfway and tighten the nut;
2. then the second part is connected to the fitting in the same sequence.

I must say that this fitting exists both in the form of a coupling and in the form of a tee. This allows you to use it in cases where you need to perform a tie-in, for example, into a riser for wiring.

As for reliability, it depends on the quality of the installation. If the job is done correctly, then this montage is reliable and durable.

It is also possible to connect pipes without welding and threading using a repair and assembly clip. This fitting is a coupling or tee, which consists of two parts. Both halves are pulled together with bolts.

It should be noted that repair and assembly clips are intended primarily for temporary repairs, for example, in the event of cracks. However, in emergency situations, they can also be used to join pipes, especially if the pipeline does not work under high pressure.

In this case, the installation instructions are as follows:

1. first of all, the sections of the pipeline parts on which the fitting will be put on must be cleaned of rust and all kinds of irregularities so that their outer surface is absolutely smooth;

1. then put on the pipe rubber compressor. The cut of the seal must be lubricated silicone sealant. It should be noted that the seal must completely cover the pipes so that there is no gap left.
2. further, both halves of the fitting are put on a rubber seal and tightened with bolts, as shown in the diagram.

This method, as we see, is also extremely simple. By the same principle, a clamp-coupling is connected. The only difference is that it is tightened on one side, not two.

I must say that if you use pipe clamps, the connection of pipes without welding is even more reliable than using a mounting and repair coupling.

If you need to connect profile pipes without welding to assemble any structure, you can also use special profile clamps.

Plastic

If you need to assemble a plastic pipeline, you can use compression fittings, which work on the same principle as the Gebo coupling. Most often, metal-plastic and PVC pipes are connected in this way.

Also, sometimes special glue is used for these purposes. The installation process in this case is extremely simple:

1. places are smeared with special glue;
2. then the parts are rotated half a turn;
3. in this position they should be held until the glue hardens.

I must say that such a connection turns out to be quite strong, since the glue dissolves adjacent surfaces, and, in fact, welds them.

Compression fittings are also used to assemble metal-plastic pipelines. However, this requires a special tool that allows you to compress them.

For temporary repairs, the clamps described above can also be used.

Here, perhaps, are all the most effective ways pipe connections without welding, which I wanted to acquaint you with.

Conclusion

As we found out, in addition to welding, there are a number of other ways in which you can repair or even install a pipeline. Moreover, some of them allow you to get no less reliable and durable connection. The only thing, in any case, the work must be done very carefully, in accordance with the above recommendations, so that the pipeline is sealed.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you have any difficulties in the process of connecting pipes, ask questions in the comments, and I will definitely try to help you.

July 25, 2016

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The radiator piping must include shut-off valves

We already know about that, and today we’ll talk about connecting heating radiators to pipes. In the heating system, threads are often used to connect elements. All equipment is installed on the circuit by means of a thread. This is an expansion mat (a metal tank with a rubber membrane inside), and a pump, and batteries, and the same meters. Metal lines can also be connected with threaded sockets. At the same time, there is different types threads and methods of sealing joints. Let's figure out how to properly connect the heating pipes to each other and to the batteries.

Thread types

Steel pipes can be connected by welding or pipe thread. Connection of heating radiators to pipes is carried out only with a metric thread, which is cut into nuts. To assemble the individual parts of a stainless steel metal line together, threaded connections of heating pipes are used, which are:

• conical (BSPT);
• cylindrical (BSPP).

In heating systems, conical threaded connections of heating pipes are used, and cylindrical threads are used only for squeezing. Cutting is carried out using a tool called a klupp. They are manual and electric. Hand tool consists of a handle, a ratchet and a head with cutting teeth. The presence of a ratchet allows you to work in hard-to-reach places, for example, on a segment where the highway runs along the wall.

To cut the thread, you need to chamfer and treat the surface with oil. In the process of threading a heating pipe, oil must be added, this reduces friction and heating of the part. In order for the joint to be airtight after connection, it must be sealed. Also compacted and metric thread on the nuts of all contour elements.

Types of seals

Previously, there was no such variety of seals as today. Some plumbers use the full range of materials in their work, and there are conservatives who still recognize only linen. Are they right? Let's figure it out. How to seal the thread on the heating pipe:

• fum tape;
• flax with paste;
• anaerobic adhesive sealant;
• sealing thread.

Linen was previously used in tandem with red lead, grease or oil paint. Today, a special sealing paste is used, which prevents the flax from drying out and rotting.

Flax dries in systems with a hot coolant, and rots on cold water. In the first and second cases, the result of the process will be the appearance of a leak. Thanks to the paste, the fitting after twisting can be released a little, making a turn back no more than 45 degrees. Universal material, suitable for connecting metal heating pipes, as well as for polymers.

Flax is suitable for all types of threads on heating pipes, regardless of diameter. It is the cheapest of the seals. It is important to wind it correctly:

• with the help of a cloth for metal or a file, notches are made on the thread;
• a strand of flax is rolled into something like a thread;
• winding is carried out in the course of fitting tightening (usually clockwise);
• protective paste is evenly applied.

Linen seal

When winding flax, it is important not to overdo it. First you need to make the first turn, which will secure the seal on the thread. This leaves a tail. On the second turn, the remaining tail is picked up and wound together with a common fiber. Make sure there are no twists. It is necessary to distribute the material along the thread evenly from the end to the body of the fitting. When working with flax, when connecting heating pipes, you need to watch your hands, as they are constantly smeared with paste. If you take hold of with such hands, an imprint will remain.

Fum tape is used for thin-walled fittings and connectors with fine threads. It is easy to work with the material, hands are always clean. At the same time, fum tape is quite expensive and is mainly used for small diameters. A significant drawback of this seal is the impossibility of adjustment. That is, if the joint of the heating pipes is twisted and needs to be released a little to center it, then the connection loses its tightness.

The sealing thread, like the fum tape, does not need lubrication and the use of a special paste. It can be wound on dirty or wet threads, suitable for plastic.

According to the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, the sealing thread can be unscrewed (adjusted) by 180 degrees.

Sealants are applied to clean and degreased threads (usually new). They are:

• dismantled;
• difficult to dismantle.

And in fact they are not dismantled. Before connecting the heating pipes using a sealant, you must be prepared for the fact that the connection can be disassembled only after heating. And only then, perhaps, it will be possible to unscrew it. But during installation, the joints do not even need to be tightened with keys.

Connecting the circuit and batteries

To understand the methods of connecting heating pipes to a radiator, let's start by considering the materials from which heating systems can be made. They can be different:

• steel;
• copper;
• propylene;
• metal-plastic.

All of them perform one single function - this is the transportation of the coolant from the boiler room (boiler) to the radiators, which, in turn, give off heat and thereby heat the room. All batteries are threaded to the system. To do this, fittings with a transition to the thread are installed on the circuit. They are placed on polymer circuits by soldering or pressing. Copper is only brazed, while steel can be connected with press fittings and threads.

In any case, a threaded connection is connected to the battery. How to connect a heating battery with

Schemes for connecting batteries to heating

pipe, diagrams:

• bottom connection;
• side connection;
• diagonal connection.

The most effective option is the diagonal. In this case, the supply to the battery is carried out from above, and the return exits from the bottom of the opposite end. The difference in temperature of the radiator with different connection methods is insignificant, therefore, first of all, you should start from the location of the battery. Complete with new batteries there are always parts for connecting them:

• nuts marked "S" and "O";
• plug;
• Mayevsky crane.

Before connecting the heating radiator to the pipe, nuts are screwed into the holes at the ends of the battery, and then, depending on the wiring, plugs, a Mayevsky tap and an American are screwed into them.

To connect the pipes and the circuit, it is imperative to use taps and American women.

An American is a nut that can spin with a fixed fitting. By the way, when connecting heating pipes to a heating boiler, it is also necessary to install taps with an American. At the same time, it is necessary that the American is wound not on the boiler pipe, but on the circuit. Then it will be possible to safely remove the boiler and water will not pour out of it.

Some masters do not put cranes when tying batteries, which leads to difficulties in further operation. If you want to remove and clean the battery, you will have to drain all the water from the system, and then fill it up. And if it happens in winter and breaks the radiator, what then? It turns out that it will be necessary to stop the entire heating system in order to replace it. This is despite the fact that hardly anyone has a spare radiator on duty at home.

You will need to go to the store, buy it, find the master. It will take at least half a day, at sub-zero temperatures outside there is a risk of defrosting the system. And then it will be necessary not only to change the batteries, but also to repair the entire circuit. If you install taps, you can cut off the radiators without stopping the entire system.