Calculation of gas in a cylinder. How much gas is left. Determination of the balance, quantity, fullness. Pressure of liquefied propane - butane. Full, filled propane tank How to find out what gas is in the tank

18.04.2020

If the gasoline level indicator is a mandatory attribute on the instrument panel in the cabin of any car, then it is not always possible to monitor the presence of fuel in a car with gas equipment. For example, the 4th generation HBO electromechanical gas level sensor is provided as standard for propane equipment. The 2nd generation is equipped only with a mechanical pointer on the multi-valve of the cylinder, but it is not very accurate. Yes, and it is more convenient to control the gas level by looking at the indicator in the passenger compartment of the car, and not in the trunk. It is possible to check the remaining methane, due to its gaseous state, only by the pressure indicated by the standard pressure gauge.

Without special devices, the approximate gas balance (), can only be found out empirically (by mileage). After the cylinder is completely filled, the speedometer counter (odometer) is reset to zero, and the car is operated exclusively on gas fuel until it is completely depleted. After that, the distance traveled is recorded and determined specific consumption gas, which will serve as an indicator for further trips.

Obviously, the accuracy and ease of use of the above method leaves much to be desired, for several reasons:

conscientiousness of tankers does not always meet expectations;
influence of climatic conditions during movement;
mode of transport operation.

Therefore, in order to find out how much gas is left in the cylinder, it is wiser to take advantage of the fruits of technological progress.

Types of sensors

Classify fourth generation propane gas level sensors gas systems(they are also called fuel level sensors - FLS) can be based on two main parameters:

by resistance (for most models it is 50 kOhm or 90 Ohm);
by the number of contacts (there may be two or three).

HBO sensors (resistive and with a microcircuit)

The 4th generation HBO FLS is equipped with an arrow and is installed on a multivalve. This device is an independent indicator, it also transmits readings to the gas / gasoline switch (button) with LED indication. On the button there are 4 (rarely 3) green and one red light, which lights up when the gas level drops to 5-10% of the volume, while beeping triple sound signal and the system switches to petrol. The display step is about 10 liters. Not that it is very informative, but the gasoline sensor is far from ideal in this regard.

The most “advanced” solution is to display the gas level indication on the standard fuel gauge when the petrol indicator located on the dashboard operates in two modes. That is, if the engine is running on gasoline, the device shows the remainder of gasoline, and when switching to a gas mixture, the sensor “reorients” accordingly. This method is possible only when intervening in the dashboard of the car and reworking the HBO FLS. In addition, this idea can not be carried out on all machines.

Video material on the introduction of the 4th generation HBO gas level sensor on the instrument panel:

Also, not so long ago, electronic digital (touch) indicators of the amount of gas appeared on sale. Such a sensor works autonomously, having no connection with the elements of gas equipment. A special emitter is connected to the bottom of the cylinder, where, while calculating the fuel level, it projects readings onto an indicator in the car.

Ultrasonic level sensor

For methane gas-balloon equipment, there is also a pressure gauge with a gas pressure indication output to the passenger compartment.

Electronic digital indicator (methane manometer)

The device and principle of operation of gas sensors

The level of the liquid fraction of the propane-butane mixture in the cylinder is fixed by a float, the same as in a gasoline tank. However, the gas cylinder, unlike the gas tank, is sealed and under high pressure, so the float-sensor link works with this feature in mind. Namely, the movement of the float causes the rotation of the movable magnet located in the body of the multivalve, which transmits the rotation to the magnets of the pointer.

The mechanical part of the sensors is identical, but the fourth-generation FLS still transmits a signal to the HBO button using built-in series-connected resistors or microcircuits. Where the LED track shows the remaining fuel.

How to display the gas level indication in the passenger compartment of a car with HBO 2nd generation

Owners can independently attach a gas level sensor and display its readings on a button in the car. In order to make it possible to control the remaining fuel in a car with gas equipment of the second generation, it is enough just to select the desired fuel selection key with indication and a sensor / pointer to it. At the same time, it is important to remember that at least two conditions are met:

the multivalve must be class A (have an internal cavity for installing the sensor);
the resistance of the sensor must be identical to the resistance of the switch.

Selection of a key with indication and a sensor for HBO 2nd generation:

Connecting and configuring a 4th generation HBO sensor

You don’t need to buy anything for the equipment yourself: as noted above, an electronic pointer (most often it is WPG, WPGH (HALLA), WPGH-1 or Stag WPG-4) and an indicator button are included in the package. But setting up and calibrating the 4th generation HBO gas level sensor will be required.

First of all, in order to correctly calibrate the sensor, you need to make sure that the float is also made correctly.

Then install the pointer and make its initial settings (positioning). To do this, the multifunction valve body has three holes on each side of the sensor tab. Further, according to the scheme for connecting the FLS (included in the kit), connect the connectors on the equipment ECU with the sensor.

Scheme of connecting the sensor of the indicator of the amount of gas

The initial calibration of the sensor is carried out along the way and during the first refueling (that is, with an empty cylinder). After that, several adjustment methods can be applied. But in any case, you will need:

laptop with special software(in particular, for STAG it is AC GAS SYNCHRO);
connecting cord with a USB connector for connecting to the HBO diagnostic block.

The first method is to fit, i.e. refuel 10 liters of propane-butane at a gas station. Install given value in the program, then use up the fuel. Then again, refuel, but already 20 liters., Set the parameters, etc.

The following methods are manual calibration and auto tuning.

The experience of setting up and operating gas level sensors suggests that, despite all efforts, accurate calibration is still not obtained. This is attributed to the oval shape of the gas cylinder, the imperfection of the float design, and the specific properties of the liquid gas fraction. So the road for further modernization of HBO remains open.

You can learn more about how automatic tuning and manual calibration of the 4th generation HBO gas level sensor are performed from the video:

How to find out the fullness of the balloon. What gas pressure is guaranteed when replacing. How is the pressure in a propane tank related to the amount of gas left? How to determine whether the tank is fully filled or deceived? (10+)

How to find out how much gas is in the cylinder? Pressure after refueling and during operation

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Gas cylinders are household.
Safe operation household gas cylinders.

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When such a question arises at home, it is easy to answer it. We put the cylinder on the scales, take readings, subtract the mass of the empty cylinder - and you're done! But what if you need to get this information on a hike?

There are at least three methods for determining the remaining gas in a cylinder that can be applied in such a case. Here they are, starting with the most accurate:

1. Condensation method
2. Floating balloon method
3. Shaking the balloon.

The third number is familiar to everyone who used gas burner or a lamp. Every time a tank is in our hands, we automatically shake it to feel how much fuel is left in it. The accuracy of this method is far from the truth. But, you can show everyone what a cool and experienced tourist you are :)

The most accurate method is to determine the residue from condensate. Watch the balloon in the morning or while cooking. With suitable humidity, you will notice small drops of condensate on the surface of the cylinder. The level where the condensate ends corresponds to the level of gas in the cylinder. When determining residues using this method, do not forget that the bottom of the cylinder is concave.

The floating balloon method is only slightly inferior in accuracy to the “condensate” one, but for it you do not need to wait for suitable humidity, but it is enough to find a natural container with water (rain puddle, depression below the spring, any reservoir or stream). If you are using a small balloon, then it will be enough and camping kettle half filled with water. Now I will tell you more about this method.

First, let's prepare: we will mark the balloon. We lower the fully filled cylinder upside down into a container of water, holding it in an upright position. With a waterproof marker we mark the level at which the cylinder has plunged.

Then we do the same with an empty cylinder. If you do not have an empty one, then the markup can be continued when you use up gas from a full cylinder.

On a hike, when you need to find out the rest of the gas, we lower the cylinder into any body of water and see to what level it has sunk. The closer the water level is to the bottom mark (when the bottle is upside down), the less gas is left in the bottle.

It is better to lower the cylinder into water with a plastic cap on to avoid water getting into the threads. Water that has penetrated under the hood must be removed.

For those who use Kovea cylinders with a capacity of 450 grams, I will tell you a secret: the marks are at a distance of 60 mm and 105 mm from the bottom of the cylinder.

If you know other methods, please share the information :)

Thank you for reading Pro Hiking!

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Here are collected the most frequently asked questions about the installation and operation of gas equipment. Some issues are fully disclosed, others are considered in separate articles and links are provided to them. Go…

What gas is used in HBO?

LPG uses liquefied natural gas (aka propane, aka propane-butane, aka LPG) or compressed natural gas (aka CNG, aka methane, aka CNG). Since methane is not widely distributed in Russia, in the future we will talk about propane and equipment for it. Propane is the third most used motor fuel in the world.

Is HBO dangerous in a car?

No, it's not dangerous. A car that runs on gas is safer than a car that runs on petrol. The gas itself is neutral. Its flash point is higher than that of gasoline or diesel fuel. A mixture of gas with air is dangerous, therefore, in a gas cylinder, unlike a gas tank, there is no air, which means there is no explosive mixture. Modern gas cylinders are equipped with four safety valves, which eliminate the possibility of an explosion or gas leakage.

How profitable is the installation of HBO?

Installing gas equipment is beneficial for most cars. This issue is discussed separately in the article "Installation of HBO: advantages and disadvantages." To calculate the benefit from using it on your car, use the HBO installation payback calculator.

What machines is installed gas equipment?

Technical solutions exist for any car: gasoline and diesel, injector and carburetor, with direct injection and distributed, with or without a turbine. The only question is economic feasibility: installation on some cars costs a lot of money and will pay off for more than one year.

What is the cost of HBO?

The installation price consists of the equipment price and the labor price. Work in installation centers costs almost the same. The difference depends on several factors:
- car engine: number of cylinders and power
- equipment brand
- reducer type: with combined gas valve or with separate
- type and quality of the injector rail
- type and capacity of the gas cylinder
- material of gas pipelines
- quality of consumables
Some put up expensive equipment and warn about it, others stick to the golden mean, others dump and collect kits from frank trash.
I advise you not to rush to cheap options and carefully discuss the package before installation. The proverb “the miser pays twice” has not been canceled.

How long does the installation take?

Full installation of HBO takes 1 business day.

Can I install HBO myself?

If you have enough skills - you can do it. But such an installation will result in a number of difficulties in the future:
- AT right moment you may not have a special tool
- You will not register the equipment in the traffic police
- It is unlikely that you will configure the software correctly
- You do not pressurize the balloon
- You will not have a manufacturer's warranty on the equipment.
then serious restrictions and I advise you to think before deciding on self installation. Entrust it to an authorized center, where trained specialists will help with the choice of equipment and install HBO on your car in accordance with applicable rules and standards.

Will the car run on gasoline after installing LPG?

Yes, gas equipment allows you to switch to gasoline manually at any time. When the gas runs out, the machine will automatically switch to petrol and signal this.
For people who travel long distances, a redundant fuel system is an advantage. If you experience problems with one fuel, you can switch to another.

Are there any risks when installing HBO?

When installing HBO by a certified master and its regular maintenance, there are no risks of use.

What are the guarantees for gas equipment?

The electronic control unit and gearbox are guaranteed for 2 years or 80,000 km. For other components - 1 year or 75 thousand km.

Does HBO affect engine life?

Gas equipment facilitates the operation of the engine. The use of HBO allows you to increase the service life of the engine and fuel system by 1.5–2 times. The effect of gas on the engine is described in the article "Installation of HBO: advantages and disadvantages"

What changes in the car when installing HBO?

HBO components are optional and do not replace gasoline elements. At any time, gas equipment can be removed and the car returned to its original state.
An electronic control unit with sensors and wiring, a gas reducer, a filter and a gas injector rail are installed under the hood. Gas is supplied to the engine through tie-ins in the intake manifold.
Gas lines are supplied to the reducer from the gas cylinder. It is located in the trunk or in the spare wheel well. An external filling device is connected to the gas cylinder. It is displayed in the gas tank hatch, crashes into the bumper, or is carried out under the bumper. A separate article will be devoted to the installation of gas cylinders and VZU

Is it obligatory to register gas equipment with the traffic police?

Yes, according to the law, the installed HBO must be registered with the traffic police. The installation procedure for HBO is as follows:
- Prepare an application for changes to the design vehicle(TC)" in the Department of Registration and technical inspection Vehicles traffic police at the place of registration of the car.
- Obtain permission to install on this application.
- Install HBO in a certified installation center
- With a package of documents from the installation center, obtain from the traffic police "Certificate of compliance of the vehicle design with safety requirements."
This will be a document that the car has been legally converted to gas. A separate article will be devoted to the registration of HBO in the traffic police.

How much will gas consumption increase compared to gasoline?

Depending on the quality of HBO settings and the ratio of propane and butane in the mixture, gas consumption will exceed gasoline consumption by 10-15%.

How does the dynamics of a car on gas change?

Gas burns slower than petrol. Its use reduces the load on the piston group, but causes a deterioration in dynamics. For HBO 2nd generation by 20%, for HBO 4th generation by 2-5% (depending on the degree of compression). We considered this question in the article “Myths about HBO: truth or fiction?”

Why do engine errors occur when installing HBO?

Engine errors appear on different reasons. During HBO operation, they are often associated with the quality of the gas-air mixture: too rich or too lean. To solve the problem, call the service and the master will correct the gas card so that the error does not occur.

How does HBO affect the lambda probe?

HBO does not affect the performance of the lambda probe in any way. Modern gas equipment, on the contrary, uses this data in its work.

How often should I change the air filter after installing HBO?

The procedure for replacing the air filter is set by the car manufacturer and does not change when installing HBO.

How often should I adjust the engine valves after installing HBO?

The procedure for adjusting the engine valves is set by the car manufacturer and does not change when installing HBO.

Periodicity Maintenance gas equipment

Replacing the vapor phase filter - every 10,000 km. at least once a year
Checking the tightness of the system - every 10,000 km.
Filter replacement high pressure- every 30,000 km
Checking and configuring software - if necessary.
MOT should be carried out in a specialized service. The work is carried out by a certified specialist.

Where is the gas cylinder installed?

Depending on the design of the car, the gas cylinder is installed in the trunk, in the spare wheel niche (cars), under the body (SUVs), on the roof or on the side (buses, gazelles). A convenient option for passenger cars - in the spare wheel niche. So the trunk space remains free. For cars with R13-14 spare wheels, cylinders with a volume of 35 to 42 liters are suitable, for R15-16 from 53 to 60 liters. In sedans with non-folding rear seats, it is possible to install a cylindrical cylinder between the wheel arches.

How to find out the remaining gas in the cylinder?

The remaining gas indicator can be displayed on the fuel switch button. The accuracy of the indicator readings is not high, since there are only 5 LEDs on the button. It is more correct to navigate by mileage, resetting it to zero at each refueling. Once you measure the mileage on a full tank, you will know how much fuel is left.

How to fill up with gas?

The car is filled with gas through a remote filling device. It is installed in the trunk, crashes into the bumper, into the gas tank hatch or is mounted under the bumper. Each method has its own merits and demerits. VZU under the bumper - cheap, but it is often in the mud. In the trunk - cheap and convenient, but when the fuel nozzle is disconnected, gas enters the trunk. For a while, the smell of gas remains. VZU in the gas tank hatch - convenient, but expensive. You have to carry an adapter with you and screw it in every time you fill up. Not installed on every car. There is a risk of scratching the car with a loose gun. VZU in the bumper - convenient, cheap, prone to pollution. Depending on the installation budget, I recommend putting the VZU in the gas tank hatch or embed it in the bumper.

Where is the fuel switch located?

The fuel switch button is installed in the car interior to make it convenient for the driver to use. It is possible to install on a false button, on a panel next to the ignition switch or a gearbox torpedo.

What are gas cylinders?

For propane-butane, 2 types of cylinders are produced: cylindrical and toroidal. Cylindrical are installed in the trunk between the arches, and toroidal in the spare wheel well.
The structure and installation of gas cylinders is discussed in a separate article.
How much gas is included in the tank when refueling?
According to safety standards, the gas cylinder is filled to 80%. The remaining 20% is used as a vapor cushion, so when the liquid gas is heated, the pressure in the cylinder is kept normal and it will not explode. A standard 53-liter cylinder holds 42 liters of gas.

How long does it take to fill a balloon?

Before the cut-off, the cylinder is filled in three to five minutes.
How often should the cylinder be checked? According to the current regulations, re-examination of automobile gas cylinders is carried out every 2 years. A certificate of recertification is required to pass the technical inspection.

How is maintenance carried out on vehicles equipped with LPG?

In addition to the standard set of documents, owners of cars with LPG, in addition to the standard set of documents, must have with them a passport for a cylinder, an act on the installation of gas equipment on a car, a copy of the installer's certificate for the right to install HBO.

What is VZU?

VZU - "Remote filling device". Through it, the car is filled with gas. Built into it check valve, which prevents gas from escaping from the cylinder and gas pipe when the filling nozzle is turned off.
VZU installation options:
- Under the rear bumper of the car or on the towbar;
- In the rear bumper of the car. Is established in a plastic casing;
- In the gas tank hatch. When refueling, a removable adapter is used.

Can you smoke in a car with LPG?

Can. Installation of HBO does not impose additional restrictions on the use of the car.

Does gas equipment work in winter?

Yes, in winter HBO operates normally. Read more about this in the article: Features of the use of HBO in the winter.

Why can't you start on gas?

In HBO 4 generations, already evaporated gas is supplied to the nozzles. To convert a gas from a liquid state to a gaseous state, a certain amount of energy must be spent on heating it. When the gas passes from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, the heat energy of the coolant is absorbed (about 40 degrees). Therefore, if you switch to gas on a cold engine, the membranes inside the gearbox will lose elasticity and break. Then the gearbox will fail. For this reason, the transition to gas is carried out at a coolant temperature of at least 45 degrees.

Why is gas more expensive in winter?

In accordance with GOST 20448–80, a distinction is made between summer and winter gas mixtures. Chemical properties propane and butane are different, so in summer they are mixed in proportion: 40% to 60%, and in winter 60% to 40%. Hence the price difference.

HBO does not work. What is the reason?

Gas equipment can fail for various reasons. In order not to guess - contact qualified craftsmen - they will help solve the problem.

Oxygen

The parameters and dimensions of oxygen cylinders can be viewed according to GOST 949-73 "Steel cylinders of small and medium size for gases at Рр ≤ 19.7 MPa". The most popular are cylinders with volumes of 5, 10 and 40 liters.

According to GOST 5583-78 "Technical and medical gaseous oxygen" (Appendix 2), the volume of gaseous oxygen in a cylinder (V) in cubic meters under normal conditions is calculated by the formula:

Vb — cylinder capacity, dm3;

K1 - coefficient for determining the volume of oxygen in the cylinder under normal conditions, calculated by the formula

K 1 \u003d (0.968 P + 1) * *

P - gas pressure in the cylinder, measured by a manometer, kgf / cm2;

0.968 - coefficient for converting technical atmospheres (kgf/cm2) into physical ones;

t is the temperature of the gas in the cylinder, °C;

Z is the coefficient of oxygen combustion at temperature t.

The values of the coefficient K1 are given in table 4, GOST 5583-78.

Let's calculate the volume of oxygen in the most common cylinder in construction: a volume of 40 liters with a working pressure of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf / cm2). The coefficient K1 is determined according to table 4, GOST 5583-78 at a temperature of 15 ° C:

V = 0.159 40 = 6.36m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 6.36m3

propane butane

The parameters and dimensions of oxygen cylinders for propane, butane and their mixtures can be viewed according to GOST 15860-84. Currently, four types of these products are used, with volumes of 5, 12, 27 and 50 liters.

Under normal atmospheric conditions and a temperature of 15°C, the density of propane in the liquid state is 510 kg/m3, and that of butane is 580 kg/m3. Propane in a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 15 ° C is 1.9 kg / m3, and butane - 2.55 kg / m3. Under normal atmospheric conditions and a temperature of 15°C, 0.392 m3 of gas is formed from 1 kg of liquid butane, and 0.526 m3 from 1 kg of propane.

Let's calculate the weight of the propane-butane mixture in the most common cylinder in construction: a volume of 50 with a maximum gas pressure of 1.6 MPa. The proportion of propane according to GOST 15860-84 must be at least 60% (note 1 to table 2):

50l \u003d 50dm3 \u003d 0.05m3;

0.05m3 (510 0.6 + 580 0.4) = 26.9kg

But due to the limitation of gas pressure of 1.6 MPa on the walls, more than 21 kg are not filled into a cylinder of this type.

Let's calculate the volume of the propane-butane mixture in the gaseous state:

21kg (0.526 0.6 + 0.392 0.4) = 9.93m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 50l = 21kg = 9.93m3

Acetylene

The parameters and dimensions of cylinders for acetylene can be viewed in accordance with GOST 949-73 "Steel cylinders of small and medium size for gases at Рр ≤ 19.7 MPa". The most popular are cylinders with volumes of 5, 10 and 40 liters. The body of an acetylene cylinder differs from the body of an oxygen cylinder in a smaller size.

At a pressure of 1.0 MPa and a temperature of 20 ° C, a 40-liter cylinder holds 5 - 5.8 kg of acetylene by weight (4.6 - 5.3 m3 of gas at a temperature of 20 ° C and 760 mm Hg).

The approximate amount of acetylene in the cylinder (determined by weighing) can be determined by the formula:

Va \u003d 0.07 E (P - 0.1)

0.07 is a coefficient that takes into account the amount of acetone in the cylinder and the solubility of acetylene.

E - water volume of the cylinder in cubic dm;

Р – cylinder pressure, MPa (pressure 1.9 MPa (19.0 kgf/cm2) at 20 °С according to GOST 5457-75 “Technical dissolved and gaseous acetylene”);

0,1 – Atmosphere pressure in MPa;

Weight of 1 m3 of acetylene at 0°C and 760 mm Hg. is - 1.17 kg.

Weight of 1 cubic meter of acetylene at a temperature of 20°C and 760 mm Hg. is 1.09 kg.

Let's calculate the volume of acetylene in a 40 l cylinder with a working pressure of 1.9 MPa (19 kgf / cm2) at a temperature of 20 ° C:

Va = 0.07 40 (1.9 - 0.1) = 5.04m3

The weight of acetylene in a cylinder with a volume of 40 l with a working pressure of 1.9 MPa (19 kgf / cm2) at a temperature of 20 ° C:

5.04 1.09 = 5.5kg

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 5.5kg = 5.04m3

Carbon dioxide (carbonic acid)

Carbon dioxide (according to GOST 8050-85 "Carbon dioxide gaseous and liquid") is used as a shielding gas for electric welding. Composition of the mixture: CO2; Ar + CO2 ; Ar + CO2 + O2. Manufacturers can also label it as a mixture of MIX1 - MIX5.

At an operating pressure of carbon dioxide in a cylinder of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf/cm2), the filling factor is 0.60 kg/l; at 9.8 MPa (100 kgf/cm2) - 0.29 kg/l; at 12.25 MPa (125 kgf / cm2) - 0.47 kg / l.

The volumetric weight of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state is 1.98 kg/m³, under normal conditions.

Let's calculate the weight of carbon dioxide in the most common cylinder in construction: a volume of 40 liters with a working pressure of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf / cm2).

40l 0.6 = 24kg

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state:

24kg / 1.98kg / m3 = 12.12m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 24kg = 12.12m3