Treadmill flooring: safety and durability. Construction and equipment of track and field facilities Material for covering running tracks 6 letters

They feature high-tech equipment. When constructing stadiums, first of all, attention is paid to the conformity of the sizes, markings and coverings of the running tracks to the standards. The results of the athletes directly depend on them.

Treadmill

Facilities for outdoor sports, as a rule, are universal. A football field is usually arranged in the center. It is surrounded by stands, running tracks. There are fields designed exclusively for athletics. Then in the center there are specially marked areas for throwing a discus, a hammer, a spear, long jumps, high jumps, with a pole.

During the construction of such facilities, the coverage of the running tracks of stadiums comes first. In fact, the latter are a separate sports facility. It is designed for training and competitions in running (including hurdles) and walking. The paths are equipped on a flat horizontal surface, the edge is framed with sides. They are rounded at the top, their height does not exceed 3 cm.

The coating of running tracks should have high wear resistance, good shock-absorbing properties, have a flat surface without joints, provide effective grip with athletes' shoes, and not change their properties even after strong moisture (rain). The treadmill consists of 4-9 individual lanes. The standard width is 122 cm, this also includes 5 cm markings. The minimum length in a straight line is 400 meters.

A bit of history

At the end of the 19th century, the surface of sports tracks on Olympic Games was a mixture of sand and clay. In rainy weather, the stability of reliance on them was unsatisfactory. In 1903, It was developed to withstand adverse weather, but due to its hardness, it was not widely used.

A year later, at the Olympics at the stadium in St. Louis (USA), a cinder track was tested. The porous material made it possible to hold competitions in light rainfall, quickly absorbing moisture. A clear advantage was the elasticity and good grip with the shoes of athletes. Cinder coating has been used for many decades. There are lines about her in V. Vysotsky's song "Marathon": "I run, I run, I trample, sliding along the cinder path."

With high humidity, the cinder surface became unusable, in addition, considerable efforts and financial costs were required for maintenance and repair. Other options for covering running tracks have been developed. In 1912, a stone-wood mixture appeared, waterproof, softer than asphalt, but short-lived. Later, the English company "Rubber" offered sheet rubber with water-conducting holes. It was a real breakthrough. One after another, more modern coatings based on latex or bitumen began to appear. They tied cork, sand, crumb rubber and other materials.

Kinds

Surfaces can vary greatly. They are conditionally divided into the following groups:

• professional;
• semi-professional;
• for mass sports.

The first two groups of structures usually have a rubber or synthetic treadmill surface. The main difference is in the quality, the number of layers and their content, the way of laying, color scheme. Professional must have an IAAF certificate and withstand the load when using studded shoes.

In public places for lovers of an active lifestyle for treadmills use:

• Cinder or coke-burnt coatings. They are waterproof and require regular maintenance.
• Asphalt or asphalt rubber - durable, fairly rigid, do not let water through, do not require additional care.

Both options do not differ in elasticity, with prolonged exercise they can lead to injuries. Today, architects include modern coatings that are safer for people's health in their projects.

Rubber cover

The most demanded rubber coatings of treadmills. The amount of glue, the size of the crumb, the proportions of mixing - characteristics, according to which the coatings are divided into two types:

• moisture permeable;
• impervious to water.

They are classified according to the number of layers:

• single layer;
• multilayer.

Among the advantages, the following can be distinguished:

• convenience and comfort for athletes;
• excellent performance characteristics;
• choice of desired color;
• safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• excellent sound insulation;
• attractive appearance;
• simple care;
• the possibility of restoring the surface in case of damage;
• versatility of use.

Styling options

Any covering keeps within on the prepared platform. The ground should be as flat as possible. The track itself is a kind of construction consisting of several layers:

• natural base;
• gravel layer;
• concrete or asphalt;
• glue;
• shock-absorbing lining;
• finish layer.

The top layer is mounted in several ways:

• It can be poured - all components are mixed directly at the installation site.
• By laying mats, usually 120 x 100 cm;
• Rolls.

The world's leading manufacturers of modern treadmill surfaces use environmentally friendly and quality materials. They must meet the following requirements:

• Possess increased wear resistance, withstand many years of stress under studded shoes, adverse climatic conditions.
• Be safe, have an optimal coefficient of rigidity and elasticity.
• Be comfortable and reliable, provide good grip on the surface of athletes' shoes even in rainy weather.
• Do not fade in the sun, have an attractive appearance. Today, manufacturers offer a variety of colors.
• Do not skip water.
• Do not require special care.
• Meet IAAF standards.

Arrangement of an open-type sports facility, even today, is one of the most difficult construction tasks. Despite the fact that many modern materials excellent impact resistance environment, their properties are not enough to satisfy all the needs of the governing sports committee. In particular, we are talking on the creation of treadmills, the performance of which is always subject to special requirements. Concrete or asphalt mixtures cannot be used in this case, as their structure is too rigid. At the same time, more pliable materials cannot provide the necessary wear resistance. Fortunately, a relatively affordable multi-layer coating for treadmills based on Regupol technology turned out to be a solution to the problem.

Coating for treadmills: features and benefits of a multi-layer structure

At its core, such a solution can be perceived as a single integral composite structure, each of the parts of which perform its own special function. The Regupol material itself serves as a reliable base that takes on the effects exerted on the upper layers. Next, a polyurethane layer is applied to it, which serves as a guarantee of the durability of the track. Top part The final construction is covered with coarse EPDM chips to give the track the necessary finish, as well as to ensure the best grip of the running track with the soles of the athletes.

A distinctive feature of this complex solution is that not so many resources are required for its implementation. And it is quite affordable for any construction company. Also, it is impossible not to note the environmental friendliness of each of the materials used. Neither individually nor collectively they pose a threat to human life and health. In addition, the environment is not harmed.

Treadmill flooring: safety and durability

The use of this approach in the organization of stadiums and individual running tracks is justified by the fact that, on the one hand, the finish coating is quite hard. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to perform various athletic exercises on it. However, the presence of elastic components allows you to get good shock-absorbing qualities that absorb the force of impact when falling. Thus, the injury risk of the entire facility as a whole is significantly reduced, which is the main requirement of controlling organizations.

The specialists of our company are ready to provide you with any information support regarding the acquisition and use of materials used to organize this type of treadmills.

Figure 6. Construction of a track and field athletics track: 1-waterproof ground base; 2-sand drainage layer; 3 base made of crushed limestone with a particle size of up to 40mm; 4-intermediate layer of boiler slag (fraction 20-60 mm); 5-elastic-moisture-absorbing layer of fibrous peat; 6 - coating of special mix; 7-filtering sprinkling; 8-pipe drainage

The natural basis for the construction of the path is bulk waterproof soils, therefore, during its construction, the organization of drainage from the surface and from the thickness of the structure required special attention. A drainage layer of coarse-grained sand 20 cm thick was laid at the base of the path, and a tubular drainage with a continuous filtering layer was arranged under the inner edge.

base material - crushed crystalline limestone size up to 100 mm, intermediate layers - boiler slag and fibrous brown peat. The coating is made of a special mixture based on ground ceramics. Both treadmill treadmills made of precast concrete elements measuring 25X6X 100 cm, installed on the preparation of lean concrete.

If a drainage layer is made of sand, shells, slag, etc., with a layer more than 10 cm thick, the thickness of the base can be reduced to 5-8 cm by backfilling it from crushed soft stone. Overconsolidation of the base during rolling should be avoided.

The elasticity of the structure can be increased by replacing part of the slag layer with a sawdust-pyrite mixture with a layer 10-12 cm thick.

The design of the fastening of the prefabricated elements of the edge must ensure the unimpeded flow of surface water into the drain - the drain, for which the width concrete base under the brow should not exceed 10-12 cm. It is also possible to fasten the reinforced concrete brow like the structures of wooden brows on the "pins", with the implementation of concrete pillars and an increase in the length of the prefabricated elements of the brow up to 2-2.5 m.

Figure 7: Construction of the treadmill: 1 - crushed brick, fractions 40-70 mm: 2-medium-grained slag, fractions 20-30 mm (80%) + lump fireclay (20%); 3-fine-grained slag, fractions up to 12 mm (70% - loam (30%), 4-crushed bauxite, fractions 1-10 mm (75%) + coarsely ground fireclay 1-10 mm (25%); 5-crushed bauxite, fractions 0-3 mm (60%) + chamotte clay (20%) + tile flour (20%); 6 - finely ground chamotte clay powder with rolling.

Treadmill (Fig. 7). The base of the path is made of crushed brick (fraction 40-70 mm), laid on a planned and rolled soil base. The thickness of the base is from 12 cm at the outer edge to 20 cm at the inner edge, due to the slope of the bottom of the trough is about 0.01. Two intermediate layers with a total thickness of 13.5 cm are laid on the base. The first intermediate layer is made 8 cm thick from a mixture of slag with a particle size of 20-30 mm with clay, in a ratio of 4: 1. The second intermediate layer 5.5 cm thick is made from a mixture of fine-grained slag particle size up to 12 mm and loam in a ratio of 7: 3 The coating is made up of three layers of a special mixture with a total thickness of 5 cm (including surface treatment).

Company FLOORDESIGNcreates not only fields and sports grounds from artificial grass, but also full-fledged facilities for athletics.

Treadmill surfaces are distinguished by their variety, both in terms of technical indicators and installation principles, as well as their cost.

FLOORDESIGN offers the best quality and cost-effective running track surfaces for any of your projects from high school stadiums to IAAF Class 1 stadiums.

Full range of equipment from leading European manufacturers will create a sports facility that can host competitions of any level.				New objects Athletics arena MGSU
				Laying of sports surfaces during the construction of an athletics arena on the territory of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Coatings used: for sports fields: CONIPUR AE

Seamless eco-friendly and high quality sports surfaces at your request and in accordance with your requirements, they can be laid, taking into account your design, colors and markings.

Coatings CONICA

FASTER, HIGHER, STRONGER - the desire to conquer new records makes athletes train and compete at their peak. The sports floor in the stadium contributes to these incredible achievements and at the same time prevents serious injuries. The right athletics surface can make the difference between tenths of a second while running and centimeters while jumping. CONICA coatings provide a safe, productive environment for training and competition, allowing athletes to improve their own performance and conquer world record peaks.

Modern sports surfaces CONICA offer you:

• excellent UV and weather resistance
• optimal anti-slip surface
• high strength
• various possibilities color solutions
• long service life
• wear resistance
• meeting the highest requirements of athletes
• water resistance
• minimizing the risk of injury
• very good undercoat adhesion
• optimal performance

Laying CONICA CONIPUR SW running tracks during the construction of a sports stadium

Advantages of seamless coatings

Made from polyurethane resins, all CONICA floorings are seamless, installed directly on the stadium by pouring or spraying.

The advantages of on-site coatings for professionals are obvious: you get a completely seamless coating, without any of the joints that are typical for roll coatings.

• Unlike rolled and other jointed coatings, seamless coatings have the same characteristics and properties at any point.
• Joints and seams are obviously a potential zone of deformation and destruction. Gradual delamination or bending of the coating in the joint area can lead to injuries to athletes, and regular ingress of atmospheric moisture under the rolled coating will accelerate the process of its destruction.
• Opportunity to optimize coating properties. Even if the flooring has already been laid in the stadium, its properties can be optimized or completely changed without dismantling it. So, for example, you can give the surface additional roughness, increase or decrease elasticity and hardness.
• Reducing the risk of uneven pavement - when laying rolled coatings on a poorly prepared or uneven base, uneven surfaces are sure to be reflected in the track itself. This can cause injury to athletes during training and competition. In addition, on uneven areas, the wear of the coating accelerates tenfold.
• Unlike roll coatings, the technology of applying CONIPUR materials directly at the stadium will compensate for uneven bases up to 3-4 mm.
• Maintainability: CONICA coatings typically last 10-15 years. Depending on climatic conditions and the intensity of operation, this period in many stadiums often increases to 20 years. However, if it is necessary to restore the coating after many years, it can easily be “updated”, including its original characteristics can be changed. Instead of the costly removal of the existing coating, a new layer of CONIPUR can be applied. In the case of repairing individual areas, you can also apply a special repair compound locally. No joints, overlaps and seams will spoil the sports surface, which cannot be said about the repair roll materials"payment" way.
• Ability to operate in open conditions in all climatic zones of the world - CONICA has developed special water-permeable ("open"), UV and weather resistant coatings that are perfectly used in open conditions at any time of the year.
• CONICA offers you a variety of color solutions that no one can offer - We can produce coatings for you in two hundred and ten colors according to the RAL scale!

Range of coatings

IAAF certified professional athletics surfaces

The IAAF certificate has coatings intended for holding international competitions of the highest level: world championships, meetings of the IAAF gold and diamond leagues, the Olympic Games.

CONIPUR M
Waterproof, seamless track and field flooring with protection against running spikes. IAAF certified. CONIPUR M is a three-layer system made of pure polyurethane with the addition of special Magic - EPDM granules, providing athletes with comfortable conditions for training and competition. The fastest coverage in the world! More about coverage >>		Application area
		Coating the highest class for professional treadmills and athletics areas with protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		14 mm

CONIPUR MX
Waterproof seamless coating based on polyurethane with the addition of SBR granules. Provides protection from running spikes. IAAF certified. The addition of SBR granules can reduce the cost of coating by 40% More about coverage >>		Application area
		Coating the highest class for professional treadmills and sports fields.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		14.5mm

CONIPUR SW
Waterproof sandwich system. Provides protection from running spikes. IAAF certified. If necessary, a protective varnish can be applied on top. 80% of stadiums in Europe are built with the Conipur SW system More about coverage >>		Application area
		Seamless coating the highest class for professional treadmills and universal sports grounds with protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		13 mm

CONIPUR SP
Water-permeable structural coating with a sprayed top coat for outdoor track and field athletics tracks. Provides protection from running spikes. IAAF certified. More about coverage >>		Application area
		Seamless all-purpose flooring for treadmills, athletics, schools and playgroundswith protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		13 mm

Professional athletics surfaces

When the status of the competition or stadium does not require IAAF certification, professional surfaces of this group are used. They also have high performance characteristics and are designed for professional athletics, including international competitions. The combination of different layers allows us to be flexible in the selection of technically and economically effective solution for the Customer.

CONIPUR M classic
Waterproof seamless coating based on polyurethane with the addition of SBR-granules*. Provides protection from running spikes. * Adding SBR-granules can reduce the cost of coating by 40% More about coverage >>		Application area
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		13 mm

CONIPUR EM
Waterproof seamless polyurethane coating with a sprayed top coat. Provides protection from running spikes More about coverage >>		Application area
		Seamless coating for treadmills and universal sports grounds with protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		12 mm

CONIPUR ESW
Waterproof sandwich system with sprayed top layer. Provides protection from running spikes More about coverage >>		Application area
		Seamless coating for treadmills and universal sports grounds with protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		12 mm

CONIPUR ISP
Waterproof structured spray coating. Provides protection from running spikes More about coverage >>		Application area
		Seamless universal coating for treadmills, sports and playgrounds with protection against running spikes.
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		13 mm

Universal Coatings

CONIPUR 2S
2-layer waterproof EPDM multi-purpose system More about coverage >>		Application area
		Multifunctional coating for sports and playgrounds
		Coating thickness		Compliance
		16 mm

Universal sports ground for football, tennis, basketball, volleyball, athletics with lighting and fencing

Coating options -CONIPUR SP, CONIPUR SW, CONIPUR M, CONIPUR MX

Easy to train and achieve results! - Train Easy! Run Fast!

Download ppt "CONICA Outdoor Sports Coatings"

When creating a training facility, special attention is paid to the sports surface of the running tracks. The safety of athletes directly depends on its quality and physical properties. Most often, in stadiums of open and closed type, rubber coatings for running tracks are installed. They differ in a number of positive properties:

• good depreciation;
• safety;
• optimal ratio of rigidity and elasticity;
• wear resistance;
• the possibility of a quick repair.

Additional requirements apply to sports surfaces that are installed in outdoor stadiums. The material must be well tolerated by temperature changes, precipitation.

Popular types of surfaces for running tracks and stadiums

All modern sports surfaces for stadiums are classified according to a number of criteria:

• by appointment - for open or closed sports grounds;
• according to the laying method - self-leveling or modular coatings;
• in appearance - natural or artificial.

Often, owners of sports complexes prefer synthetic surfaces for treadmills. They are durable and wear resistant. On a rubber treadmill, you can work out in studded shoes - even frequent workouts will not adversely affect appearance coatings. Maintaining the surface of the track is easy, and scheduled or unscheduled repairs do not result in a round sum.

Rubber crumb treadmill construction

CRUMB SP is one of the most popular track and field surfaces.

It has a wide range of applications - from small school stadiums to professional running complexes. endures different kinds mechanical influences, including frequent training in studded shoes.

The coating consists of two layers. The first layer is a mixture of two-component polyurethane and black crumb rubber. The surface is very resilient and elastic, self-levels after mechanical impacts. The second layer is a sprayed mixture of two-component polyurethane and colored rubber crumb. Applied with a special airless sprayer.

Rubber running surfaces have a number of advantages, among which it is worth noting:

• when creating the coating, only high-quality materials that are certified are used;
• the surface of the treadmill is uniform, has the same thickness;
• even after several years of operation, the material retains its original elasticity;
• the composition of the coatings includes only materials that are safe for human health;
• material for treadmills is resistant to abrasion;
• coating with the addition of rubber is suitable for outdoor stadiums located in regions with a harsh climate - heavy rainfall, sudden temperature changes, etc.;
• rubber tracks for running are quickly laid, and during the installation process a minimum set of tools and consumables is required;
• the repair of the coating is carried out quickly - a patch is placed on the worn surface, and the base is not affected.

Another important plus of the rubber coating for running is the low cost of the material. This factor is fundamental for the owners of large stadiums and sports complexes.

Disadvantages of rubber treadmills

Like any other material, rubber coatings have weak points. A noticeable disadvantage is the loss of color. Within 2-3 years Treadmills in open stadiums become dim, and the markings are erased in places.

The problem is solved simply - by applying a new layer of special paint on the surface. After cosmetic repairs, treadmills will be like new. One of the types of coating, bulk professional coating for treadmills, is a little more difficult to repair, it is necessary to apply a new layer of mastic and fill the coating with rubber crumb, and then apply markings.

Do not forget about compliance with fire safety requirements. In addition, rubber coatings have no flaws.

When creating a sports complex for training athletes, it is necessary to take into account a number of requirements and recommendations. They can be gleaned from the list of standards of the International Association. In accordance with this document, the length of the treadmill should be 400 meters. The width of the working area along which the athlete runs is 1.22 m. The number of lanes varies depending on the type of facility - there can be either 4–5 or all 8. The last figure is relevant for stadiums where international competitions are held.

The inside of the track must be fenced off with a curb, the dimensions of which are strictly regulated - 5x5 cm. There is a small marking between the tracks - a white line 5 cm wide. A slope directed towards the inside of the track is also a mandatory requirement.

Before laying rubber flooring for treadmills, it is necessary to build a drainage system. It consists of polymer concrete channels and plastic covers. The drainage system prevents moisture from accumulating on the training ground, which prevents the likelihood of injuries among athletes.

The International Association also imposes a number of requirements on the coatings themselves. Surfaces must comply with IAAF standards - be durable, low-elasticity, non-slip and safety. Such requirements are met by modern coatings made of rubber and polyurethane.

Coatings for treadmills are rolled and seamless. In the first case, specialists cut the material into pieces of a certain length and width, fix it on a concrete or asphalt base. The bulk laying method, which CP-SS specializes in, is more technologically advanced. After installation, a monolithic flat surface is formed, on which there are no seams and height differences. The service life of a seamless coating is at least 10 years.

Regardless of the chosen type of coating, you need to know about the requirements for the base. Synthetic materials placed on a flat asphalt concrete surface. The base thickness is calculated depending on the type and structure of the top coat.

Treadmill dimensions

There are also a number of requirements for the size of treadmills. At a standard open athletics stadium, an oval track is made, the length of which does not exceed 400 meters. The track is divided into 8-10 sections for running, supplemented by sectors for competitions in jumping and throwing shells. Sectors for jumping and throwing are usually located at the corners of the stadium. The shells must hit the ground area of ​​the field (to reduce recoil). Often, an athletics stadium is combined with a football field.

The circular treadmill is distinguished by smooth identical turns, it is a closed circuit. Straight tracks - segments on the field with a limited length (about 130 meters).

In stadiums where international competitions are held, 8 circular and 10 straight running tracks must be made. For other sports facilities, this number is reduced to 6. The width of each lane must be at least 125 cm. A white boundary line must be applied between the lanes - 5 cm wide.

The surface of the treadmill must be perfectly flat, without slopes. Materials such as tartan, regupol, recortan can be used as a coating. Markings are applied to the tracks: finish and start lines for all distances, the boundaries of the transfer zones in the relay race, the pre-start line, etc.

If obstacle course competitions are held at the track and field stadium, then portable barriers are installed at certain points on the site. Their frame is made of light metal alloy, and the crossbar is made of wood. The barrier must be equipped with a system for adjusting the height of the crossbar.

Our company is engaged in laying professional coatings on sports facilities different types- football fields, tennis courts, running tracks, basketball courts. At the request of the customer, we carry out a complete set of the stadium - we apply markings, install special equipment, fences and lighting. The object is handed over within the period specified in the contract, after which the athletes can begin to prepare for the competition.

Installation sequence

Modern rubber coatings for sports facilities are characterized by high installation speed and impressive physical properties. There are no seams between the sheets of material, and the surface itself does not let water through, is resistant to abrasion. During running, no slip effect is created, which significantly reduces the risk of injury among athletes.

Sports surfaces for treadmills are made in several colors. The coating can be monophonic or multi-colored. The shade is selected taking into account the comfortable visual perception of athletes.

The process of laying rubber coatings at a sports facility can be divided into the following stages:

• Foundation preparation. Rubber coatings are mounted on a concrete or asphalt base. The service life of running surfaces depends on its quality. The thickness of the concrete must be at least 8–10 cm; asphalt - 5 cm. In open areas, a slight slope is necessarily made - 1% - so that water does not accumulate on the surface of the tracks after rain or snow. It is desirable to install curbs around the perimeter of the object.
• Surface primer. A special composition applied to the base of the sports ground will provide better fixation of the rubber coating.
• Mixing and laying of raw materials. AT large capacity installed at the facility is mixed rubber crumb with polyurethane binder and permanent dye. With a mixer, the mass is brought to a homogeneous state. Then the workpiece is applied to the base - the coating is laid manually with floats or using special equipment. To give strength, the surface is rammed with a roller. All equipment and tools are treated with turpentine so that the crumb rubber does not peel off during installation.
• Applying markup. When the surface of the treadmills is ready, sports markings are applied to it.

It is possible to conduct trainings on the new sports ground within a few days after the installation of the rubber coating. During this time, the surface will have time to acquire sufficient hardness. Temperature and air humidity affect the polymerization time of the treadmill coating.

Rubber surfaces in outdoor and indoor sports facilities are easy to care for. Any contamination is easily removed from the surface, after which the treadmills become like new. However, it is necessary to remember a number of requirements for the care of the rubber coating.

• Rubber running surface must be protected from paint, solvents, acids, engine oil.
• The surface of the treadmills does not withstand prolonged high heat and contact with open flames.
• Ice or debris must not be removed from the treadmills with sharp or hard objects. Otherwise, a partial repair of the running surface will have to be carried out.

Dust and dirt accumulated on the surface of the rubber coating are quickly removed with water from the hose. No additional cleaning agents are required.

Assessment of the state of coverage of a sports facility and determination of the feasibility of repair

At this stage, specialists determine the type and scale of damage - they measure cracks, find zones of delamination and scattering of the coating, and determine the areas of swollen surfaces. All damages are applied to the paper scheme of the stadium. Experts must evaluate adhesion - the degree of adhesion of two different surfaces- before carrying out the restoration of the coating. To do this, a series of tests are carried out, the results of which allow you to calculate the exact amount of material needed to repair the coating. An assessment of the condition of the foundation is also carried out, because in some cases it also requires repair. The final decision on the repair or complete replacement of the coating is made by the customer.

Damage repair

When repairing the coating, damaged areas are cut out and replaced with similar materials corresponding to the existing surface.

Restoration of color and repair of the entire surface of the treadmill

The covering of the stadium, which needs to be repaired, is cleaned of dirt, degreased with special compounds applied under high pressure. Sometimes it is necessary to polish the surface of the treadmill.

Damaged areas are removed, and sheets of material with the same physical properties are installed in their place. In addition, specialists can apply a new layer of material to the old surface. Before work is carried out, the type of material, method of application, and cost are agreed with the customer.

Marking

Specialists apply sports markings to the repaired surface. The procedure is carried out using special equipment.