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The main causes of fires at work and at home. The main causes of fires at work and at home Reactive power at work

Economy

For owners of large warehouses who are engaged in the retail sale of goods, it is necessary to have a good container that is suitable for storage and transportation. Depending on the sizes and types of production choose products of different sizes. The material from which they are made is also different. Most often it is plastic, it is cheap, can withstand a lot of weight and is convenient to use.

Initially, many goods are sold in cardboard packages, but after opening the batch, they are not suitable for transportation, as they quickly lose their shape and do not tolerate moisture. In trade, it is often necessary to transport small loads, so the size of the box should fit in almost any car, and the shape should facilitate convenient stacking of containers on top of each other.

In addition to plastic boxes, you can make many other containers, modern technologies allow the manufacture of food forms in which food can be transported or stored. This applies to both industrial scale, and to household. The sizes are also very different, you can buy large water tanks, the volume of which reaches several cubic meters. These tanks are often used for summer cottages, plastic containers quickly heat water in the sun, and then it can be used for irrigation or summer shower. warm water great for drip irrigation, which promotes the rapid growth of vegetables and fruits.

Low cost and light weight have made plastic containers very popular in everyday life, it is convenient to store food in them, since the smell does not spread to the entire refrigerator. Special forms for eggs and other products allow you to store them conveniently and compactly. Plastic does not change its shape over time and does not react with other substances, which makes it a convenient material in different situations.

Today on sale you can find many products of this type, special distribution networks have been created that sell containers in a wide range. It is also convenient to make purchases via the Internet, many stores have a user-friendly interface where you can choose suitable containers for everyday life or for production with photos and descriptions. The cost of such goods is small, and if necessary, you can order a small batch of products. Delivery is carried out by mail or courier service, you do not need to hire transport for transportation, you just need to pick up the order at the nearest branch.

03.07.2014

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Logistics

An integral part of almost any business is cargo transportation, which allows the company to carry out its activities throughout the country. The sale of manufactured goods is impossible without its delivery to the places of sale.

Legislation

More and more devices and devices are appearing that “allow saving” electrical energy at home by compensation. Sales managers talk a lot and interestingly about these devices, their cost-effectiveness, low cost, the ability to save a lot on the electricity bill. Is it true? Let's try to figure it out.

Reactive power in production

After reading about industrial giants how much they save when installing compensating devices, many begin to think that by installing such a compensator at home, they will also save large sums. But not everyone knows that energy companies keep records of the reactive power of large consumers and they will have to pay a lot of money for the consumption or generation of reactive power. Therefore, by installing a compensating device and bringing their cosφ closer to unity, they will not pay for the reactive component, and thus savings are made. Also, with a decrease in the reactive component, the resulting current decreases, which in turn reduces the cost of electrical equipment.

Also, compensators installed at enterprises have their own control system that controls the operation of the compensation installation and the presence of a reactive component.

Reactive power in the house

Contrary to the stories of sales managers, many specialists do not believe in such compensation devices at home, in an apartment, in a summer house, in a garage. And their conclusions are not unfounded. This is primarily due to the fact that energy companies do not keep records of reactive power consumed by residential consumers. That is, you do not need to pay for reactive power.

Also in everyday life, very powerful devices that consume large currents are very rarely used in order to significantly reduce the current with the help of a compensator. A rather big disadvantage is also a rather large frequency of load changes (switching on and off), as well as in passports household appliances cosφ is not indicated, which makes it very difficult to calculate the reactive component.

let's consider small example: let an electric motor with the following parameters be installed in the refrigerator - U n \u003d 220 V, I n \u003d 2.5 A, cosφ \u003d 0.9. Let's calculate its total power S=UI=220*2.5=550 VA, now active power P=UI cosφ=220*2.5*0.9=495 W. Now we can determine the reactive power, which is approximately two times less than the active power for this engine.

Theoretically, we can design and turn 240 vars to zero. Yes, we can, but what happens if the refrigerator turns off? That's right, these 240 VAr will already be generated by the compensator itself and given to the network. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to disconnect the compensator from the mains. Manually performing such actions every time is futile, and creating automatic system turning this device on and off will significantly increase its cost, and there will be no savings from it.

Comparison of reactive power compensation in everyday life and in production

At enterprises, when choosing compensating devices, careful calculations of the reactive component are made, studies of the harmonic components of the network are carried out, and an economic calculation of the feasibility of compensation is also carried out. Entire research institutes can work on such projects.

By trusting managers and buying a device that supposedly “due to reactive power compensation” will reduce the electricity you consume, you will simply throw money away. By plugging such a device into your network at home without preliminary calculations and knowledge of the principle of operation of your particular compensator, you run the risk of not compensating for reactive power, but generating it, which is not good, because instead of lowering the total current of your circuit, you will increase it.

You can see about reactive power compensation here:

To improve fire prevention measures at the enterprise or in everyday life, you need to know exactly what are the main causes of fires. Thus, it will be possible to create the best system that allows for early dates identify a fire and take all protective measures: purchase all the necessary fire fighting equipment, carry out preventive trouble with the personnel of the enterprise and residents of the city. But before you understand the main causes of fire, you need to learn about the classes of fires, and there are several of them.

Fire classification

According to external signs of burning, fires can be divided into several types:

  • Outdoor.
  • Internal.
  • Indoor and outdoor at the same time.
  • Open.
  • Hidden.

Before considering the main causes of fires at the enterprise and in everyday life, it is necessary to study each of the classes in more detail.

External fires are fires that can be assessed visually. Most often, this class occurs during the burning of buildings, storage facilities, oil products in the tank, on open technological installations, woodlands and so on. Outdoor fires are always only open.

Internal fires include fires that have occurred inside the building, and they can be either open or closed.

Open fires can be assessed by visual inspection, for example, during the burning of property in buildings, equipment, materials and others.

Hidden fires most often hide in voids building structures, ventilation, peat deposits. At the same time, signs of burning can be detected, they often come out through cracks, but it is very difficult to assess how strong the fire is. In addition, this type of fire is unpredictable and can dramatically change its direction.

Causes of fires

Fires in everyday life or at work can occur for various reasons - these can be both social factors, and man-made or natural. The main causes of fires are listed below:

  • Man himself treats fire lightly in everyday life and in nature.
  • Precautions were not observed when working with instruments and equipment.
  • Spontaneous combustion of objects if left in a suitable environment, such as rags soaked in a flammable agent, left in the sun.
  • Explosions of hazardous components in everyday life or at work.
  • The occurrence of a fire due to natural causes - lightning, thunderstorm.
  • Deliberate arson.
  • Worn and broken equipment.
  • Safety precautions are not followed, which leads to a fire.
  • Incorrect installation heating appliances, electric and gas.

Factors affecting the occurrence of a fire

Factors that affect the main causes of fires at work and at home:

  • Open fire - a fire, a burner and others.
  • The intake of components that contribute to ignition - oxygen, heat and others.
  • The human factor is negligence, irresponsible attitude to fire safety.

What are the causes of fire in the home

The main causes of fires in everyday life are most often an oversight of the person himself, but there are others:

  • Negligent handling of fire - smoking in bed or improper use of fire when cooking.
  • Broken electrical wiring.
  • The use of electrical appliances that are unsuitable for the domestic electrical network.
  • Fire due to improper use of electric welding equipment in everyday life.
  • Children's games with matches.
  • Companies conducting various types of work that are associated with fire.

What are the main causes of fires, figured out, and now you need to decide what to do in order to prevent serious consequences, which very often end in death. How to avoid all this?

What to do in case of fire at home

We have considered the main causes of fires and fires in everyday life, and now let's talk about what measures to take in case of fire. If suddenly at home you feel bad smell smoke or sparks, then first of all you need to inform the firefighters, and then, if possible, independently take measures that will help save people's lives and prevent the fire from spreading to a large area:

  • Take out the children and the elderly.
  • To protect against burning, use a wet piece of cloth.
  • If it is possible to partially extinguish the fire, then take all possible measures for this.
  • The fire can be covered with a wet blanket or other material.
  • If there is a guarantee that the current will not strike, you should try to turn it off.
  • When extinguishing a fire, aim the main jet at the main fire and, as far as possible, try to do everything possible so that it does not spread further.
  • Substances that are considered combustible cannot be extinguished with water.
  • Extinguish electrical wiring with powder fire extinguishers.
  • If furniture burns, it is better to cover it with a wet blanket.
  • Do not open any windows or doors, otherwise the fire will flare up even more.

If the fire is small and it is possible to put it out on your own, then take all possible measures, but if this is not possible, then you must urgently leave the room and entrust the extinguishing to firefighters. But situations happen not only in everyday life, but also in production. What are the main causes of industrial fires?

What are the causes of fires at work?

Industrial enterprises are at risk, and fires in them occur for the following reasons:

  • In case of non-compliance with safety standards.
  • Improper handling of open fire.
  • Damage electrical equipment or wiring.
  • Consequences of an explosion if there is a leak of explosive substances.
  • Carrying out welding work.
  • Arson.
  • Workplace clutter.

The main causes of industrial fires are known, but in most cases, ignition occurs due to improper operation. electrical installations. It is for this reason that fire prevention methods are very important, followed by a special department present in every large or small enterprise.

Fire prevention measures at the enterprise

To prepare a person for work in an enterprise where there are various kinds of equipment and explosives, you need to tell him about all fire prevention measures. He should also be aware of the main causes of fires at work and their prevention, after which he is allowed to work. All this is also recorded in a special journal. Without such a signature, it must not be allowed to work with electrical and other types of equipment.

In addition to the fact that every employee is required to know about fire prevention, the enterprise must be equipped with fire extinguishers and other types of fire equipment. Fires can most often be put out thanks to the quick response of staff and the availability of fire extinguishers. And what to do with endogenous fires?

Causes and prevention of internal fires

In the already worked out spaces of the mines there is a danger that peat or coal will catch fire. In addition, endogenous fires often occur in the holds of tankers that transport combustible materials, and in warehouses where they are stored. And the main causes of fires and explosions do not always depend on the human factor, spontaneous combustion often occurs and this must be taken into account.

In many mines, as a preventive measure, they provide for the laying of an irrigation pipeline, through which water is supplied to any point in order to immediately extinguish the fire. And also special rooms or arches are arranged, where there is not only sand, brick, clay, but also other materials that allow you to quickly cut off the fire from other areas, blocking it, preventing air from entering for even more ignition. Also in mines it is allowed to use only non-combustible materials, such as concrete and metal, and wood is treated with a special solution.

How to prevent a fire at home

No wonder they say that it is better to prevent trouble, this also applies to a fire. Therefore, it is not necessary to use faulty electrical appliances, simultaneously plug several appliances into one outlet or with high power. It is also not advised to use untested homemade devices.

When leaving the house, be sure to check the gas and electrical devices and turn off all the equipment, it will be safer, because even if it is working properly, where is the guarantee that there will be no power surges and it will not close.

Be sure to supervise children and do not let them play with matches, light stoves, gas stoves and turn on electrical appliances. Also watch out for lighters, because they have the ability to explode when exposed to sunlight.

Do not light stoves with flammable liquids, do not dry firewood and clothes on stoves, and do not throw away coals near residential buildings and household premises.

But not only do you need to protect your home from fire, you should also monitor your workplace in the enterprise so as not to lead to fire and serious consequences.

How to protect yourself from a fire in an enterprise

We have already figured out what are the main causes of fires and explosions at drilling sites and enterprises, but you also need to know the safety measures that can be used to avoid fire. Measures for protection against fires and explosions include:

  • Equipping every even the smallest enterprise with all necessary means fire extinguishers such as fire extinguishers, fire alarm other. A special department should be created at the enterprise that will conduct safety briefings and monitor all fire extinguishing equipment, changing them as they fail.
  • Carrying out activities that will quickly stop the spread of fire and prevent a man-made disaster.
  • Strict control of the company's management over the services responsible for fire safety.

Conclusion

We examined all the main causes of fires and explosions in enterprises and at home, figured out the classification of fires and safety measures. And, as is clear from the above, it is better to take all necessary measures and prevent a fire than to extinguish it later, especially if it is hidden, and it is very difficult to determine how much it has spread.

Only properly organized safety measures at the enterprise will allow each employee to work without harm to the health, and at home, the control of the owner of the house will protect himself and his family from fire. About 50% of fires happen due to human negligence, and only an accurate assessment of how dangerous a fire can be for a person will help to avoid it. Be responsible and vigilant citizens and prevent fire, then you will not be afraid of a fire either at home or at an enterprise. Remember: it is better to prevent it than to extinguish it later, especially if it happened indoors and almost nothing is known about it.

The range of power tools for working with wood today can confuse even an experienced craftsman. It was good in the days of the USSR - the Druzhba chainsaw had practically no competitors and was successfully sold out when it entered the distribution network. Today, models for every taste are on sale, and choosing the chainsaw you need can take a long time. In any case, opening the metal doors of a hardware store, you can be sure that you will not leave here without a purchase and get exactly the chainsaw that will help you quickly and easily get the job done.

First of all, decide on the scope of your future chainsaw. If you need it only for cutting down old trees on personal plot, then you should not spend money - you will need the simplest model. But for the professional activity of sawing logs, you need a bulky and powerful chainsaw. In this case, along with a power tool, it is worth buying iron doors right awayto securely close the storage place for your saw during your absence. Do not skimp on purchasing a cheap saw for long-term work - a burned-out motor will bring disappointment and the need to re-purchase, seeking additional funds for it.

The models of chainsaws offered today can work both on AC power and with the help of a built-in battery. Choose - if you have to work at a considerable distance from residential buildings, then you will need a mobile chainsaw, and to work in the country, you can get by with a model that connects to the network and goes outside through the bars on the windows. If you decide to give preference to a chainsaw manufactured abroad, pay attention to the possibility of adapting it to the 220V voltage adopted in our country, otherwise the purchase will become useless.

It is important that the chainsaw has two-stage protection against electric current - i.e. insulation of all conductive components and parts, as well as additional insulation of the housing. This is a guarantee of the safety of your work with the saw, which is very important when working with such a powerful tool. In addition, pay attention to the additional functions of the chainsaw - sometimes they work to the detriment of the main task that this mechanism is designed to perform. Therefore, refrain from purchasing a chainsaw with a lot of "bells and whistles".

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Books

  • Medicinal plants in everyday life, L. Ya. Sklyarevsky, I. A. Gubanov. The book characterizes over 220 plant species used in scientific and folk medicine. Morphological, ecological information, chemical composition of plants, their distribution are given ...