Porch 

Racks for window and door openings. Openings of windows and doors: in timber walls, metal rods are the norm and technology. What are roki

What is a swarm, casing or pigtail in wooden house? What are they for and what is better to choose for your home? Consider the topic in our construction blog. Let's divide the topic into easy-to-read and understand points:

What is a swarm, casing or pigtail and where are they used?

Roika- a bar installed in a pre-prepared groove in a window, door or archway of your wooden house. The rod should fix the opening from possible negative consequences shrinkage.

Okosyachka or casing- a product made of solid or glued timber, differs from the rod in its shape and rigidity, if the rod is an ordinary bar, then the pigtail is a casing made of a solid timber, T-shaped or U-shaped. T-shaped pigtail is installed in the groove, U-shaped is installed on the groove, we usually use T-shaped pigtails. Periodically, a pigtail is made of a bar and a board, fastening the product with a nail joint or self-tapping screws, but we do not recommend this option. In window and door openings, a pigtail or casing is usually installed from 3 sides (on the sides and on top), installation in arched openings without an upper lintel is possible.

What are swarms, pigtails or casings for?

Royka, casing or pigtail are designed to rigidly fix a window, door or archway in a wooden house. Installing windows or doors in an opening without a shackle or a pigtail is possible only at your own peril and risk and entirely under your responsibility - the opening can lead in two planes and you will spend more time and money on correcting flaws than installing a shackle or casing in advance.

Where to stop? What is better to install in a wooden opening?

In our construction segment, almost all companies, without exception, make rods using a 50x50 mm bar. or 40x40 mm. We also offer our customers a choice of ordinary bars made of timber or a massive pigtail made of timber 100x150 mm. or 150x150 mm .. But the bar is not always able to withstand the internal stress in the wood, resist shrinkage and compensate for the possible ship of a door or window opening. First of all, we recommend using massive pigtails and casings made of T-shaped or U-shaped timber. The casing should be made clearly according to the size of the groove; jute or a modern analogue should be installed between the siege and the opening. Also, do not forget to leave a gap between the casing and the opening from above, the opening even in the house of their chamber drying material can sit down by 7-10 cm, depending on the number of crowns and their humidity. Another plus in the topic of casing- you can easily insert a window or a door into the casing and foam the gaps around, and in the case of a swarm, you will have to fence a garden with a type-setting casing, which will not add rigidity and you will have an additional fistula of cold between the bar and the pigtail, despite the jute between them , with a cast casing, you close the opening from any blow from the street!

Is it possible not to install swarms or casing in openings?

Royki, casing can not be installed only in two cases:

  • First under your responsibility with your full understanding of the consequences.
  • Second - You have chosen frame house for erection on your estate, no shrinkage, fees for swarms and other joys are provided to you. If you are still thinking about whether it is better to choose a frame house or a cottage made of timber - read interesting thoughts on this matter:.

The photos in this article are taken from, if you are planning to build a house from profiled timber - look at the detailed report, we have prepared for you 35 detailed photos telling about the construction from start to finish.

Royki in the construction of houses from timber.

With all the benefits and advantages of houses made of timber, the developer who has chosen this material will definitely face a question that clearly will not give him pleasure. The problem lies in such factors that during shrinkage or shrinkage, the openings for windows and doors are bent.

The level of deformation of openings depends on many reasons:

a) timber moisture content;
b) tree type;
c) building season;
d) the correctness of technological processes;
e) the rate of shrinkage of the structure.

Precautionary methods can help to avoid curvature of openings for windows and doors. The first is to use construction work only the beam that was subjected to additional technological drying. This will reduce shrinkage and shrinkage by 20%. building material. The second is to use swarms.
If everything is clear with the first, then for many developers the very concept of “royka” does not mean anything.
The rods are a stump of wood, which has a square section, and are used for installation at the end of openings for windows and doors in a groove prepared in advance. Some builders call swarms spikes for openings.
What gives the installation of roek? They effectively solve an unpleasant problem, such as curvature of openings for windows and doors. If you exclude the use of rods, and simply insert a window or door block, then under the influence of shrinkage or shrinkage, the opening will become inappropriate in size, and the door frame or window can easily fall out of it. The rods are the protective shield that makes the problem of deformation of the openings minimal.

Royki on the windows

After an opening is made in the wall, an unrestrained edge is formed at the beam, and not fixed in any way with parts of the building. Having installed the window frame, followed by fixing it with fixing material to the end of the opening, when the structure shrinks or shrinks, the fastening in the beams weakens, and they sag on the fasteners. And the bars under the opening are partially released from the tongue-and-groove joints, which can even lead to their twisting. Using rojki on window openings, as an element of an intermediate paper clip, it is possible to avoid this process as much as possible.

Racks on the door

The use of slats for doorways is just as important as for windows. But on the openings in which the doors will be located, the shrinkage pressure is more negative, since the doors are much larger in size. Consequently, the doorway is subject to greater deformation, and hence the mandatory use of rods. Studding of door and window openings, the so-called technology for the use of rods, significantly reduces the process of deformation, with natural shrinkage of the house. Royki become a reliable barrier for twisting building material. And without fail, it is necessary to take into account that the gap between the wall and the box is not less than the amount of subsidence of the structure, otherwise this can lead to distortion and jamming of the door itself. When installing door rails, its lower part is lowered to the very bottom of the opening, leaving a gap on top, which will serve as an obligatory space during shrinkage.

Rack design

For all work related to the installation of rods (studding of door and window openings), certain rules and dimensions must be observed, on which the correct shrinkage directly depends. The first thing you need to know is that the natural shrinkage of a timber structure is 1/20 of the original height.
Secondly, the thickness and width of products such as slats must be clearly consistent with the depth and width of the sawn and prepared recess. As for the length of the rod, its length should be from 5 to 10 cm less than the end opening. This question is quite important, since this distance is the clearance that allows shrinkage.

Rack installation

The technology for mounting the racks consists in technological operations:

1. Cutting a span for an opening, the operation is the same as for entrance group as well as for windows.
2. Edges are finished.
3. At the ends of the prepared openings for windows and doors, longitudinal sawing is carried out, with the condition of the consistency of the swarms, which will allow the house to “sit down” naturally.
4. Installation of the slats in the already prepared cuts, and only after that, the door or window frames are attached to the slats.
5. Filling gaps with insulating materials.

It should be noted that when mounting the rail, its lower part is installed close to the very bottom of the opening, and the upper empty part is a space for shrinkage. When driving the rod into the groove, it should enter it quite tightly, but not forever. The boxes are attached directly to the rails and to the bottom edge of the opening. The height of windows (doors) and rails must be consistent with each other. Between the upper parts of the opening and the box, a space of _ + 5 cm is left for insulation.

Timber construction - a combination the latest technologies and ancient traditions. Often, not all terms are clear to the layman, because the proposals of the developer company are unclear, especially when they require a separate fee.

One of those odd moments is beams of window and door openings.

When ordering the construction of a wooden house, it is worth knowing in advance what a casing bar is, whether it is needed and, if necessary, whether it is worth paying extra for it.

What are roi and what do they look like?

Roiki(otherwise - casing bars) - vertical elements necessary to maintain the geometry of the walls in the area of ​​window and door openings.

At first glance, it is not clear how such a simple detail can be so important, because the opening of the opening looks like an ordinary bar of rectangular, often square section. But the need to install a casing bar is high, especially in a house that is built from a bar of natural moisture.

They mount the rods of window openings, cutting a groove under them in the end part of the bars. It is worth knowing that the length of the casing bar should be 6-12 centimeters less than the height of the opening. During shrinkage, the upper beam and those under it will fall. The rod moves freely along the groove prepared for it, without changing its position relative to the vertical and reliably holding the position of the log beams in the opening.

In what cases are rods necessary?

Any home built for permanent residence, requires strict adherence to technology, and royki are provided for in it.

But their installation is especially important in the following cases:

  • construction from a bar with a high degree of humidity;
  • complex construction of walls with a large number of openings, their large-scale dimensions;
  • if the plans include the installation of PVC window and door blocks (in this case, the casing has a special design).

The only case when you can do without a casing bar is the construction of a house or a bathhouse from glued beams of large sections. But this material is not cheap in itself and it makes no sense to save on the installation of swarms.

Royki - the key to straight walls in your home

To begin with, pay attention to the warranty obligations and clauses of the contract with the developer company. Usually there is a guarantee for the integrity of wall structures. If this is so, do not listen to the arrived workers who offer to improve the structure with the help of casing bars, otherwise, they say, "the walls will lead."

With such an attempt at extortion, call the head office of the company that ordered the construction of the house or bath. Inform that if you change the geometry of the walls, you will apply for warranty service, and the developer will be obliged to eliminate the shortcomings. This method is suitable only if the contract really spells out responsibility for the integrity of the structure.

Is it necessary to overpay for the installation of casing in the openings of the log house?

This is a moot point. A conscientious developer company lays the cost of swarms in the price of building a house in advance, because they are necessary. More "savvy" covens offer construction at a reduced price, putting forward their proposals for the installation of swarms and other supposedly additional services are already in place after the future owner of the house has concluded a contract with them. In this way, they easily find those who want to save money, later still receiving money for the installation of casing bars and other operations that are mandatory for high-quality construction.

Decide for yourself whether you want to order the construction of a house in a company where everything is transparent or trying to save money (in the end, often overpaying). What if you have already signed an agreement and only now realized that you are dealing with the above-described covenants?

To save the situation, do the following:

  • carefully read the contract again, check the warranty period;
  • make it clear to the builders that you are not one of those who will let things go “on the brakes” in case of shortcomings;
  • if the contract contains a clause on responsibility for the integrity of the structure, discuss this with the foreman, foreman or other manager and explain that in case of deformation of the walls you will demand the correction of the defect under the guarantee.

These three simple steps will help you to show that you are not “barely born”, and will not allow violation of your rights.

In the absence of responsibility for maintaining the geometry of the log house during operation and warranty period you have no choice but to pay extra for the installation of racks. If construction has not yet begun, refuse the services of such performers.

  • too wet wood
  • the type of wood is not suitable for building standards
  • seasonality of construction and climatic conditions;
  • violation of technological and construction processes
  • acceleration

In order to avoid negative aspects during the shrinkage process at home, you must adhere to the following rules

  • First, apply exclusively quality material(the timber must be processed and subjected to special additional drying)
  • Secondly, in construction work, use slats (these are wooden stumps in the form of a square section, which are used at the end of the window opening and doors, as an installation element).

What gives the installation of roek

Installation of rods provides protection against fastening of openings. If they are not used, under the influence of shrinkage, the opening will become inappropriate in size.

window rails

After they make it in the wall, at the beam, an edge that is not supported by anything to the parts of the building will be formed. After installing the window frame, the process of shrinkage of the structure will begin, while the beam weakens, and the frame sags on the fasteners. By applying swivels on window openings, it is possible to minimize this negative process as much as possible.

door hinges

When installing doors, in, the importance of rods is no less great. After all, the doors are exposed to even more high pressure due to their size and can be deformed. The use of swivels can minimize the effect of shrinkage. When installing rods in doors, it is necessary to take into account the gap between the wall space and the frame in order to avoid distortion. We must fix the lower part of the door butt, and at the top we set the gap for the shrinkage process.

Structural nuances;

When making shovels, it is necessary to consider the following nuances

  • Natural shrinkage is usually 1/20 of the original space; dimension value
  • The width of the swivels should correspond to the space left for shrinkage, and the length should be slightly less than the opening itself

Rack installation

  • At the ends of the opening cut for windows and doors, longitudinal sawing is done
  • In the prepared cuts, the slats are installed, provided that they allow the house to sit down naturally
  • The remaining gaps are filled

Wooden houses are becoming increasingly popular with private developers. The leading position among them is occupied by houses made of timber.

Timber buildings. Shrinkage problems

This lumber is manufactured, and has all its inherent properties. For example, natural moisture. Over time, a house built of timber dries out and shrinks.

It may not be visible visually, but it has an effect on the structure of the log house. Negative influence necessarily. And if timely measures are not taken, it can cause distortions of openings intended for the installation of windows and door blocks.

The amount of shrinkage of a log house is variable and depends on a significant number of external factors. The biggest influence on this indicator is exerted by:

  • The type of wood from which the beam is made, and the degree of its moisture content;
  • Type of timber (planed, profiled);
  • Season of construction work;
  • Used technology for the construction of the log house.

Royka - a structural element that protects the house from deformation

The craftsmen of the Wood-Beam company are well aware of how wood behaves in construction. Therefore, we offer the customer two options for solving the problem:

  • Use for construction a bar that has previously undergone chamber drying;
  • Install doors and windows using a rail.

This is the name of a bar with a section of 50 * 50, made of dry wood. Its length is 50-120 mm less than the height of the opening into which the rod is mounted. Royka successfully and effectively solves the problem of possible deformation of openings. If this product is not installed, then the following picture occurs: after a certain time, the drying timber, due to a change in its own dimensions, can deform the door frame or window block. In order to prevent such a development of events, swarms are installed.

Therefore, not a single house made of profiled timber of natural moisture is built by us without the use of special technology installation of windows and door blocks, which allows minimizing the negative impact of shrinkage and maintaining the geometry of openings and the entire building as a whole.

Roika making

The "correct" swarm requires correct manufacture. For this, the following requirements must be taken into account:

  • Its production requires high-quality source material, kiln-dried hardwood. It is not desirable to make it from lumber of natural moisture. An exception may be when the bar is made of a material corresponding to that from which the wall profiled beam is made (from scraps of this beam). In this case, their compatibility is guaranteed;
  • The cross section of the product sets the width of the cut, which will need to be done to install it. The length of the cut is 50-120 mm less than the height of the cut (usually it is taken equal to the height of the block that will be installed in this opening). This difference, left at the top, provides free shrinkage of the structure. And the stop formed by the swarm eliminates the curvature of the free ends of the timber;
  • The rod is placed strictly along the central axis of sawing, performed at the ends of the timber from which the walls are laid.

Mounting sequence

The algorithm for installing the swarm is as follows.

1. Holes are cut in the wall for the subsequent installation of window and / or door blocks. The walls of the opening are processed.

2. In the inner part of the opening, on its side walls, a longitudinal cut is performed strictly in the center, which is a smooth groove, machined from the inside (cleaning). Its depth is set by the section of the rod, and the length exceeds the same value of the installation product by 5 - 12 cm.

3. Royki are installed in the cuts prepared for them with some effort (tightly). At the same time, their lower part descends to the base of the prepared opening.

4. After that, windows and door blocks are installed.

Please note that after their installation between the upper edge of the opening and top block remains free space 40-60 mm, designed to compensate for the shrinkage of the log house. It is filled with insulation and sewn up with platbands.

The latter cover the space left for future shrinkage. Cashing, most likely, is partially deformed in the process of shrinkage. However, this disadvantage is easily eliminated. It is enough to remove it and file it a little. It is strictly forbidden to use mounting foam to process this space. Since this can become an obstacle to the normal subsidence of the timber.

Racks are not only reliable protection against deformation for door and window structures. They also prevent the beam itself (its free end) from twisting. Therefore, the technology of studding (installation of a rod) is an indispensable element in the construction of any building from a profiled beam of natural moisture.