Installation 

Video exercises. The right accordion keyboard. Video exercises From accordion to button accordion and accordion

Bayan belongs to a rather small group of instruments that have a wide sound range and do not require accompaniment. As is well known, this group primarily includes the piano, organ, harp, and folk harmonica, guitar, and some others. It is the versatility of the instrument, its compactness, combined with excellent sound qualities, among which the controllability of sound is the most valuable, that determined its democratic character and immense popularity, both in our country and abroad. The bayan is rightfully considered one of the most advanced and widespread types of harmonica. This is a reed keyboard-pneumatic musical instrument with a twelve-step equal temperament system.

The button accordion body consists of two parts (right and left), which are connected by a fur chamber (fur), it is made of beech or spruce. The outer surface is carefully polished or glued with celluloid. The fur chamber, which has 14-15 folds (borin), is made of electric cardboard, glued with silk and granitol and fixed with rounded metal corners. On the right semi-body there is a neck with a keyboard located on it for playing with the right hand. The most common bayans have three rows on the right keyboard and the number of keys is from 52 to 61.

Its range is from B-flat or G of the big octave to C-sharp or G of the fourth octave. Low sounds are produced by the keys located at the top of the fretboard, and the highest sounds are at the bottom of the fretboard. Having four or five rows on the right keyboard does not increase the instrument's range. These additional rows, called auxiliary, are a repetition of the main ones and enable the performer to easily transpose a piece of music into any other key.

On the outer side of the left semi-body there is a keyboard for the left hand with five or six rows of key-buttons. Their number is usually 100-120. On the side of the semi-body there is a belt for the left hand, which, in addition to the game function, also performs the function of mechanical science. Two shoulder straps hold the instrument in place while playing. Another strap can be used connecting them on the back.
The basis of sound production on the button accordion is the vibration of metal reeds (voices) under the influence of an air stream. The tongue, rigidly attached at one end to the metal frame, slips freely in it under air pressure from the side of its rivet. Under the influence of pressure from the other side, it is not excited due to the overlapping of the opening for the sounding voice with a glued strip of husky (skin).

Therefore, to extract the same sound by expanding and compressing the fur, two identical tongues are needed, attached on different sides of two identical openings in the frame. The frames together with the tongues are called slats.
The slats are mounted on special frames - resonators, divided into cells - air or resonator chambers. The entrance to each chamber is called a resonator socket. Through the openings of the socket, air is supplied from the fur chamber to the vocal reeds fixed on the walls of the air chambers of the resonators. For good tightness of the structure, the contact surface of the socket with the soundboard and the voice strips with resonators is pasted over with a husky. Resonators are attached to the deck wooden blocks and special bolts.

The loudness of the sound depends on the amplitude of the oscillation of the reed: the stronger the pressure of the air jet, the louder the sound, and vice versa. The pitch of the sound depends on the length of the tongue: shorter ones produce high-pitched sounds, longer ones - low ones. To prevent the reeds of low register sounds from being excessively large, additional weights are riveted onto them.

The timbre of the sound depends on the design of the soundboard and resonator, the shape and volume of the resonator chambers, as well as on the thickness and material of the bar, on the quality of the metal from which the voice is made, and on the profile of the voice.

Button accordion, accordion, harmonica... For inexperienced people who are far from music, there is no difference between these instruments: either an accordion or an accordion. Such people can calmly come to a musical instrument store and, pointing to an accordion, ask: “Give me this accordion!” They confuse accordionists with bayan players, and both of them with accordionists ...

And yet there are differences, and quite significant ones. But in order to understand how the button accordion differs from the accordion, it is necessary to say a few words about their common ancestor.

Accordion - cousin of the jew's harp

All accordions, as well as button accordions and accordions, are reed musical instruments. Since they have a keyboard, they are also considered keyboards, more precisely keyboard-pneumatic. But still, the main sign that distinguishes any accordion is the reed, a flexible steel plate, during the vibration of which the sound is obtained. In different instruments, the reed is set in motion in different ways. For example, they play the jew's harp by pressing it to their teeth and at the same time hitting the tongue with their fingers, and the mouth serves as a resonator here. By opening it narrower or wider, you can get sounds of different timbres.

How is an accordion arranged?

At the accordion, the reeds oscillate in the air flow, which the performer pumps, compressing and stretching the fur. They are fixed on metal strips with slots through which air passes, and come in different sizes: some are more massive and larger - these reeds give lower sounds, others are lighter and smaller - here the sounds are higher.

On each bar, two tongues are fixed on both sides, separated by a leather valve in such a way that only one of them vibrates when the fur is compressed, and the other when stretched. Accordingly, there are also two slots that overlap the tongues.

To amplify the sound, air chambers are used - resonators, to which the straps are attached. These resonators are wooden (usually spruce). Together with the slats, they are assembled into blocks that are installed inside the body of the accordion on the soundboard - a special partition with holes. The resonator blocks are located on the side of the deck, which is closer to the fur, and on the side of the body there are valves for air supply. These flaps are connected to buttons and covered with a grille.

When the buttons are pressed, the valves open, air flows through the deck, and the reeds vibrate to create sound.

Sometimes the sizes of the reeds on the soundbars, which means their musical tone, may differ. Therefore, all accordions are divided into two large groups: in one, the reeds at the "input" and "exit" are the same, the most famous accordion of this type is lame. In the second group, these reeds differ, which gives sounds of different pitches. This type includes accordions such as talyanka (distorted "Italian").

Differences between left and right keyboards

The buttons on the left keyboard are located on the case itself. It is intended for accompaniment. Pressing one button on it opens several resonator chambers at once, and a whole chord sounds.

The melody itself is played on the right keyboard. Here, the buttons are located on a neck attached to the body, and are equipped with metal levers that go to the valves. They are arranged in one or more rows (hence the names "one-row", "two-row", etc.). Pressing one button opens only one resonator - and therefore a single pure musical tone sounds.

First hand harmonicas

In 1783, the Czech master Kirshnik, who lived in St. Petersburg, discovered a new (as it seemed to him) way to extract sounds - with the help of metal reeds. In 1821, the Berlin master Bushman created a harmonica based on this method, and the following year he tried to attach fur to it. In 1829, the Viennese inventor Cyril Demian came up with an instrument that he called the accordion, because its left keyboard was the same as that of modern harmonicas - chordal: pressing one button gave a whole chord. However, this instrument did not yet have a right keyboard.

Approximately in the 1830s, the novelty penetrated into Russia, acquired a simple name there - an accordion - and gained great popularity.

From accordion to button accordion and accordion

But the musicians immediately noticed that simple harmonies also have drawbacks. For example, they have a limited sound range (few octaves). As a rule, they have only one key, and are either major or minor.

Therefore, the question soon arose of inventing such a musical instrument that would have the advantages of an accordion, but at the same time would have an extensive scale and a uniformly tempered musical scale (i.e., such a scale where each octave is divided into 12 mathematically equal semitones). This tuning has been used in academic music for several centuries. Another name for it is "full chromatic scale".

Throughout the 19th century various firms and masters in Europe and Russia worked on improving the accordion. A right one was added to the left keyboard, various prototypes of the button accordion and accordion with a piano keyboard appeared - among them the “piano harmonica” from the city of Yelets and the chromatic harmonica by Nikolai Ivanovich Beloborodov, created in 1870.

In 1907, the inventor Petr Egorovich Sterligov made the first three-row button accordion, and in 1913 a five-row button accordion.

At about the same time, chromatic harmonicas with piano keyboards, that is, modern accordions, spread to Europe. AT Soviet Union they came about in the 1930s.

Bayan and accordion: similarities

Firstly, as already mentioned in the article, both the button accordion and the accordion are chromatic harmonics, that is, they have a uniform temperament (12 semitones per octave) and a large range of octaves.

Secondly, the button accordion and accordion are similar, in particular the left keyboard. It is intended for bass notes (the first two rows of buttons) and for chords (the remaining four rows - major, minor, seventh chord, diminished seventh chord).

Types of button accordions and accordions

Coming to a musical instrument store to buy a suitable harmonica, you need to know that there is one more important nuance.

Both button accordions and accordions are divided into three types: ready-made, elective, and ready-selective. Ready-made left keyboard is configured as described above. For electives, it, just like the right one, is needed in order to extract not chords, but individual notes. In the third type - ready-elective - you can switch between the two modes. To switch on the left keyboard there is a special register key. In select mode, rows with chords turn into a kind of right keyboard of a four-row button accordion, only mirrored.

Professional musicians most of all love ready-to-select accordions and button accordions, since the possibilities of these instruments are very wide. They are a little more difficult to master than ready-made ones, but you can play almost anything on them - even Bach's fugues.

What is the difference between bayan and accordion

In addition to the different shape of the body (it is more rectangular in the button accordion, more rounded in the accordion), and the shape of the neck (the neck of the accordion is longer), the main difference between the button accordion and the accordion is the keyboard for right hand.

On the right keyboard of the button accordion there are three to five rows of buttons representing the full chromatic scale and covering the range of 5-6 octaves. There are both 3-row and 5-row button accordions, and in a five-row button accordion, the first and second rows of buttons are similar to the fourth and fifth. When playing on it, this facilitates the transition from one key to another.

Right keyboard accordion is a series of massive piano-like keys. As a rule, there are 41 keys on the fretboard. The right keyboard also has several register switches. With their help, they change the timbre of the sound or its pitch, making the sound an octave higher or lower. Concert models of accordions also have switches that can be pressed with the chin without interrupting the playing.

However, the accordion keyboard itself covers a smaller range than the button accordion keyboard. Being a button accordion-like musical instrument, the accordion (if you do not take into account the register switches) can only play three and a half octaves.

And finally, the main difference between the button accordion and the accordion is the sound. In the accordion, the voice reeds are tuned with a slight dissonance; the musicians call this “in spill”, which gives a more velvety sound. The button accordion has reeds tuned in unison, and the sound is clearer.

The right mechanism of the button accordion Jupiter 64/106 in the process of assembly.

So, the price of the same button accordion, the photo of which flaunts on my profile picture, is 350,000 rubles. Do not look for Swarovski inlay on the case, it is not here. This is an ordinary serial button accordion. The fact is that the production of button accordions is a long, laborious, practically non-automated process.

The time of creation of this musical instrument is longer than the time of bearing a human cub. A long eleven months pass from the moment the work begins until the birth of the finished button accordion. Eight different masters are involved in this difficult process. 80% of all production is done by hand.

Left hand action of a ready-to-select accordion, an experimental version. The process of developing a new tool model. Designer - Lavrov Viktor Petrovich.

If you decide to start making harmonicas, you should not google technical schools and universities that produce the corresponding masters. The creators of these musical instruments will have to be taught from scratch. The process of training one professional takes at least 2-3 years.

For the birth of one button accordion you will need:

Master in Nodal Mechanics

Furrier

Case maker

Resonator maker

Left mechanics assembler

Right mechanics assembler

Tuner

There is not a single person who would combine all these specialties. It is very, very rare to come across a master who is excellent at two of these eight wisdoms, but no more.

The salary of a metropolitan harmonica maker is approximately 35,000 rubles. Taking into account the cost of renting a room, it is better to organize production somewhere in the provinces, and maybe outside of our vast country.

Production of resonators: installation and gluing of partitions.
Master - Kudar Mikhail Ivanovich

Perhaps the largest harmonica factory is located in Pyongyang. 1100 people work there, of which only 80 are managers, and the rest are workers. Mostly accordions are made there. This factory and the Moscow company "Jupiter" have close friendly and partner relations.

Levers assembly with valves of the right mechanics of bayan Jupiter

Pasting mesh right mechanics.
Master Rybin Mikhail Nikolaevich

Pasting the grid of the right mechanics

Production of the right mechanics of the button accordion Jupiter 4-voice.
Master - Platonov Konstantin Mikhailovich.

This is how a musical instrument is made. The instrument turns out to be very, very nice.

Final stage creation of harmonics - tuning.

The last step is setup

By the way, the accordion is the younger brother of the button accordion, and not vice versa, as many people think.

Accordion. Photo taken by Alexey Bondarenko

In general, there are a great many harmonics. For the meticulous, here is the harmonic classification scheme

And here is Alexey himself in the process of creating his new avatar

Alexey Bondarenko is photographed for a new avatar

At the factory, even the inscriptions on the dust about music

In general, the button accordion is by no means something irrelevant, as they like to say in the vastness of Runet, but a popular, interesting and very serious musical instrument. Here.

In this material, we will master the right keyboard with you with the help of special exercises. There will be a minimum of theory and a lot of practice. Video exercises will allow you to quickly prepare the gaming machine for a full-fledged game with two hands.

After studying them, you will not have problems with finger fluency and coordination. After the practical completion of a set of exercises, you will be completely free to learn songs and pieces in a lightweight arrangement for the button accordion on the right keyboard.

In the video exercises, the standard of the sound of the instrument during the exercises is set. You can start the video at any time and compare your game with the sound of the standard. These exercises will help you develop optimal mechanical guidance and get your fingers used to proper fingering. There are more than thirty video exercises in the selection, which are recognized by experts as the most productive for teaching beginners.

I have been using these exercises in my work for almost forty years. On the material that you have the opportunity to buy, hundreds and hundreds of my students, both adults and children, learned to play the button accordion. By purchasing this mini course - a set of exercises for the right hand, you get the opportunity at any time to get my advice, answers to your questions, recommendations.

Who are these exercises for?

For those who begin to master the button accordion from scratch, without any prior preparation. The presentation of educational material is organized in such a way that absolutely anyone can work productively with a set of video exercises.

- The exercises can be used by accordion teachers and tutors as basic and auxiliary materials, as well as for homework for bayan students in children's musical educational institutions.

Included:

32 videos, 115 exercise videos.

Also: keyboard note layouts, video exercises with high-quality sound of the Roland digital button accordion, excellent graphics. All exercises with signed notes and fingering notation. There are also files for printouts of the exercises. Most exercise has guidelines for their development. Video recorded in AVI format.

Price 300 rubles

To purchase a kit, please email p [email protected] Recommendations for learning the right button accordion keyboard

The study of musical literacy must be associated with the auditory images and concepts of the child. In other words, notes must be studied sequentially with different durations.

The study of musical notation usually starts from the note “to”. As the student learns the seven basic sounds of the natural scale, the student practically masters the key of C major, its stable and main steps. Learn to play as early as possible without constant looking at the keyboard. This will become possible when you know well the location of the notes on the button accordion keyboard. Moreover, to know not virtually, but by touch. For this you will have to work hard. The best way to learn the keyboard is to use one octave.

I recommend the first one. By placing our fingers on one octave, we will automatically know the notes of other octaves. Some students need hundreds of repetitions to memorize the basic sounds of one octave. Someone remembers the location of the notes very quickly. But I repeat: it is not enough to remember the location of the notes, you need to distinguish them by sound, accurately determine their location on the keyboard.

The main task of the initial practical work for the study bayan keyboards: remember the nature of the sound in the natural scale, hear it in reality and have an auditory idea of ​​​​it. In addition, it is important to learn the relative duration of whole, half and quarter notes.

Along with memorizing the notes on the keyboard, the student receives an understanding of the location of the notes on the stave, learns how to correctly record sounds of different durations. Here he works out the first skills of sound production and mechanical science.

We memorize the location and sound of the note "to" the first octave. Press the "to" button. Let's pull the sound, listen to it carefully. Let's try to reproduce it with a voice. Then along with the tool. We do this procedure 10-15 times. Press the next button - the corresponding note "re". We do not touch the semitones yet.

Our task for initial stage learn the location of the main notes. So, we play the sequence of notes "to" - "re". We play this sequence in whole, in half. If possible, use a metronome. But even with a metronome, we always count the beats or stamp the count with our foot.

Be sure to sing the exercises performed. When we confidently take the notes “do” and “re” on the keyboard, we proceed to work out the next combination of buttons corresponding to the notes “do” - “si”. We press the “do” button with the second finger, the “si” note with the third.

We concentrate as much as possible, strain our hearing, absorb the sounds being played. We carefully monitor transitions, transfusions from sound to sound. The next combination of sounds to learn the right keyboard: "do-re-si-do".

I remind you that all these manipulations are aimed at studying the location of the “do” note on the keyboard. After you begin to find and play the note “do” absolutely freely, you can move on to mastering the note “re”. By analogy with the previous lessons, we compose a sequence of buttons from the “re” button down and up.

These sequences will look like this: “re-mi”, “re-do”, “re-mi-re-do”. How many times do the sequences need to be repeated before they are completely memorized? For each student individually. It could be ten repetitions, or it could be a hundred.

Similarly, we work out the rest of the main sounds up to the note "si". This will be the first step in learning the right keyboard. In the next step, we will deal with intervals, i.e. Let's continue to study the notes (buttons) of the main scale on the right keyboard using intervals as an example.


The article describes how accordion, button accordion, accordion inside. The principles of sounding of these instruments are given. Internal organization accordion, button accordion, accordion the same. Are given accordion pictures.

Pictures used blog Muzika Harmonike from Serbia.
http://muzikaharmonike.com/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=1269

reed musical instrument

The sound of the accordion, button accordion, accordion happens due to humming metal reeds voice bars. When air passes through the slot of the bar, the metal tongue vibrates in the slot and a sound of a certain tone is heard. The air is blowing fur. Each plank has two tongues that make the same sound. The tongues are located on different sides.

For air to pass through unclenching fur through one tongue. And when squeezing fur through another. Opposite each of the two slots of the voice bars, a small strip of skin(not shown in the picture) One strip closes the slot of the voice bar when the fur is compressed. The other when unclenched.


For every sound of a certain pitch own voice box. In an accordion, button accordion, accordion, there are as many voice bars with sounds of various pitches as the instrument can play notes. Tool range - 3 to 7 octaves. That is, from about 20 to 80 sounds. For richness of sound, an octave is placed on each note two voice sticks. And the registers make it possible to sound several different voices on the same note.

Pressed the key - opened the air valve

How manage so many votes. Creating from these voices music. By pressing the desired keys playing the instrument opens the desired air valve . who guides air from fur to the right sound chamber. Air exits through the voice bar.

To install resonators, valve and other mechanisms near the instrument there are two decks. At the right side right deck. On the left side left deck. There are decks wooden or metal. Decks have sound holes. The holes of the resonators coincide with the holes of the decks. The sound holes of the decks close and open valves when you press keys tool. Decks are adjacent to the body sides hermetically. To all the air from furs went to make a sound

Sectional accordion

In repair shops take care of to musical instruments. On the picture end-of-life accordion. which use for parts.

View from above


visible
  • Furs glued to the frames on the right and left
  • Right and left deck- partitions on which the resonators are fixed
  • Resonators - two right and two left, on which voice bars are installed
  • Bass register plates with holes are installed between the left deck and left resonators
  • Right flaps and right keys
Right side


visible
  • Right keys, white and black
  • Keys of the right registers, levers of the right register mechanism
  • Right keys, accordion has two for each right key, bass register switching
  • Right resonator (no voice bars) with sound holes
  • Left resonators with voice bars, small strips of leather on each voice bar
Front view

visible

  • Right keyboard
  • Right registers
  • Right resonators
  • Left resonators
  • Left chord mechanism (with the help of a pull-rod system, when one key is pressed, three sounds sound simultaneously - a triad, a chord)
  • Left keyboard
  • Keys of the left (bass) registers

Broken deck Cassotto

On the picture in at the very beginning articles depicted other model accordion. He has broken deck - in Italian cassotto. The right deck has transverse sound pocket. The resonators and valves in the cassotto are transverse. It is more expensive and professional tool design. Cassotto gives the accordion or button accordion more deep and rich sound.

Ivan Kopytin's Blog Bayan Accordion Accordion