Practical work 7 on. Practical work on the geography of the federal state educational institution (Grade 7). Pre-distribute objects for analysis to students: Yellowstone National Park
1. Add hydrochloric acid solution. Gas is released in a test tube with sodium carbonate.
The remaining substances are dissolved in water and
phenolphthalein is added to the resulting solutions.
In one test tube with alkali, the solution turns pink.
To the remaining solutions, add a solution of nit-
rata of silver. In a test tube with magnesium chloride,
a white precipitate forms.
To the remaining solution, add concentrated
sulfuric acid and a piece of copper. Heating
vaem. A brown gas is released, which is evidence
indicates the presence of sodium nitrate in the test tube:
2. Add hydrochloric solution to all substances
acids. In a test tube with carbonate,
carbon dioxide:
Gas is released in a test tube with sodium sulfide
with the smell of rotten eggs - H2S.
After dissolving the remaining substances in water
add sodium sulfate solution.
In a test tube with strontium nitrate,
white precipitate.
To the remaining solution, add a solution of chlorine
barium rida. A white precipitate of sulfate is formed
barium:
3. Add a solution to the given substance
barium chloride. A white precipitate is formed, which
indicates the presence of a sulfate ion.
When interacting with alkali or hydroxy-
ammonium hydroxide white precipitate
aluminum:
4. Sodium chloride colors the flame of the burner in
yellow.
Strontium chloride is determined by reaction with sul-
ammonium fatom, as a result of which
white precipitate:
We prove aluminum chloride by reaction with hydro-
sodium oxide
5. Dissolve the crystals in water and add
NaOH solution. Green and brown precipitates are formed. 
If iron (II) sulfate contained Fe3+, then in
green sediment will have streaks or spots of brown
colors.
6. In water containing MgSO4, add dis-
creat Na2CO3. A white precipitate forms.
Mg2+ ions cause a constant hardness
water bone. This water can be softened by adding
sodium carbonate solution, since this
binding of Mg2+ ions.
In water containing Ca (HCO3) 2, add:
Na2CO3 solution, milk of lime, that is, saturated
brine solution of Ca(OH)2; boil it. Formed
white precipitate. 
The presence of Ca(HCO3)2 causes the time
water hardness. This water can be softened
by adding milk of lime, soda or boiling
value, since all these processes are accompanied by
the formation of CaCO3.
7.
Topics of practical work:
- Practical work №1. Entering data into cells, editing data, changing the width of a column, inserting a row (column)
- Practical work №3. Table Formatting
- Practical work No. 4. Absolute and relative cell addressing
- Practical work No. 5. Built-in Functions
- Practical work No. 6. Logic functions
- Practical work No. 7. Linking worksheets
- Practical work No. 8. Data processing with ET
- Practical work No. 9. Solving problems with the help of ET
- Practical work №10. Formalization and computer modeling
Practical work №1. Entering data into cells, editing data, changing the width of a column, inserting a row (column)
edit:
1) select the desired cell;
2) click with the mouse in the formula bar or double-click with the left mouse button inside the cell;
3) edit the contents of the cell;
4) press Enter or click the mouse in another cell.
Change column width (row height):
1) move the mouse cursor to the border of the column (row), the cursor will take the form of a double arrow;
2) move the border to the desired size without releasing the left mouse button;
3) release the left mouse button.
Inserting a row (column)
1) select the row (column) before (left) which you want to insert a new row (column);
2) select Insert, Rows (Columns)
Exercise.
1) Enter the data of the following table:
Adjust the column width so that all records are visible.
2) Insert a new column before column A. In the cell A1 enter No. p / p, number the cells A2:A7, using autocomplete, for this into a cell A2 enter 1, into the cell A3 enter 2, select those cells, drag the marker Autocomplete down to line 7.
3) Insert a line for the table name. In cell A1, enter the name of the table Individual deposits of a commercial bank.
4) Save the table in your folder as bank.xls
Practical work №2. Entering formulas
The formula entry begins with the "=" sign. Formulas contain numbers, cell names, operation signs, parentheses, function names. The whole formula is written in a line, the characters line up sequentially one after another.
Exercise.
1) Open the file bank.xls "Sheet 2" table with "Sheet 1".
2) To cell C9 enter the formula to find the total amount =C3+C4+C5+C6+C7+C8, then press Enter.
3) To cell D3 enter the formula for finding the share of the total contribution, \u003d C3 / C9 * 100, then press Enter.
4) Similarly, we find the share of the total contribution for the cells D4, D5, D6, D7, D8
5) For a group of cells C3:C9 install Thousand separator and digits Two digits after the decimal point, using the following buttons , , .
6) For a group of cells D3:D8 set bit depth Integer using button
7) Add two lines after the table name. Enter the text Date in cell A2, the current date in cell B2 (for example, 09/10/2008), the text Time in cell A3, and the current time in cell B3 (for example, 10:08). Select the date and time format in the corresponding cells as you wish.
8) As a result of the task, we get a table
Practical work №3. Table Formatting
1) To change the format of cells, you must:
- select a cell (group of cells);
- choose Format, Cells;
- in the dialog box that appears, select the desired tab ( Number, Alignment, Font, Border);
- select the desired category;
- press OK.
2) To merge cells, you can use the button Merge and center on the toolbar
Exercise. 1) Open the file bank.xls created in the previous lesson.
2) Merge cells A1:D1.
3) For cells B5:E5 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Wrap, having previously reduced the size of the fields, for the cell AT 4 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Orientation - 450, for cell C4 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Horizontal and Vertical - Center
4) Using the command Format, Cells, Border set the necessary boundaries
5) Format the table according to the sample at the end of the job.
9) Save the document with the same name.
Practical work No. 4. Absolute and relative cell addressing
1) The formula must begin with the "=" sign.
2) Each cell has its own address, consisting of a column name and a row number, for example: B3, $A$10, F$7.
3) Addresses are relative (A3, H7, B9), absolute ($A$8, $F$12 - both column and row are fixed) and mixed ($A7 - only column is fixed, C$12 - only row is fixed). F4 - a key for setting an absolute or mixed address in the formula bar.
4) Relative cell address changes when copying a formula, absolute address does not change when copying a formula
5) To find the amount, you can use the button Autosummation, which is located on the toolbar
Exercise.
1) Open the file bank.xls created in the previous lesson. Copy to "Sheet 3" table with "Sheet 1".
2) To cell C9 enter a formula to find the total amount, to do this, select the cell C9, press the button Autosummation, select a group of cells C3:C8, then press Enter.
3) To cell D3 enter a formula to find the share of the total contribution using an absolute cell reference C9: =C3/$C$9*100.
4) Copy the given formula for a group of cells D4:D8 in any way.
5) Add two lines after the table name. Enter the text Date in cell A2, the current date in cell B2 (for example, 09/10/2008), the text Time in cell A3, and the current time in cell B3 (for example, 10:08). Select the date and time format in the corresponding cells as you wish.
6) Compare the resulting table with the table created in the previous lesson.
7) Add a line after the third line. Type in cell AT 4 text dollar exchange rate, to cell C4- number 23,20
, to cell E5 enter text Deposit amount, rub.
8) Using absolute reference, in cells E6:E11 find the value of the deposit amount in rubles.
9) Save the document with the same name.
Practical work No. 5. Built-in Functions
Excel contains over 400 built-in functions to perform standard functions to perform standard calculations.
The input of the function begins with the sign = (equal to). The function name is followed by a semicolon-separated list of arguments in parentheses.
To insert a function, select the cell in which the formula will be entered, enter the = sign from the keyboard, and press the Function Wizard button on the formula bar. In the dialog box that appears
select the required category (mathematical, statistical, text, etc.), select the required function in this category. Functions SUM,
SUMIF are in the category Mathematical
, functions CHECK, COUNTIF, MAX,
MIN are in the category Statistical
.
Exercise. Given a sequence of numbers: 25, –61, 0, –82, 18, –11, 0, 30, 15, –31, 0, –58, 22.
To cell A1 enter the current date. Enter the numbers in the cells of the third row. Fill in the cells K5:K14 the corresponding formulas.
Format the table like this:
Sheet 1 rename to Numbers, delete the rest of the sheets. Save the result in your folder under the name Numbers.xls.
Practical work No. 6. Linking worksheets
In formulas, you can refer not only to data within one sheet, but also to data located in cells of other sheets of this workbook and even in another workbook. A reference to a cell in another sheet consists of the sheet name and the cell name (there is an exclamation mark between the names!).
Exercise. On the first sheet, create a table "Salary for January"
On the second sheet, create a table "Salary for February"
Rename the workbook sheets: instead of Sheet 1, enter January salary , instead of Sheet 2 enter February salary , instead of Sheet 3 enter Total accrued . Fill in the sheet Total accrued initial data.
Fill in the empty cells, to do this, enter the formula in cell C9, enter the formula in cell D9, enter the appropriate formulas in the remaining cells.
Save the document with a name the salary .
Practical work No. 7. Logic functions
Boolean functions are designed to test whether a condition is met or to test multiple conditions.
IF function allows you to determine whether the specified condition is met. If the condition is true, then the value of the cell will be expression 1, otherwise - expression 2.
=IF(condition; expression 1; expression 2)
For example, \u003d IF (B2\u003e 20; "warm"; "cold")
If the value in cell B2>20, then a message is displayed warmly, otherwise - cold.
Exercise 1.
1) Fill in the table and format it like this:
2) Fill in empty cells with formulas. The applicant is enrolled in the institute if the grade in mathematics is 4 or 5, otherwise not.
3) Save the document with a name student.
Together with IF function boolean functions are used AND, OR, NOT.
For example, =IF(AND(E4<3; Н8>=3); "will win"; "lose"). If the value in cell E4<3 и Н8>=3, then the message will win, otherwise it will lose.
Task 2.
1) Open the "Student" file.
2) Copy the table to Sheet 2.
3) Add an empty line after the table name. Enter the number 13 in cell B2 Passing score, in cell C2 the number 13. Let's change the condition for enrolling an applicant: the applicant is enrolled in the institute if the total score is greater than or equal to the passing score and the score in mathematics is 4 or 5, otherwise - no.
4) Save the received document.
Practical work No. 8. Data processing using ET
1. Fill in the tables.
2. Fill in empty cells with formulas. A dry month is one in which the amount of precipitation is less than 15 mm (use the COUNTIF formula).
3. Fill in the column Forecast:
- drought if rainfall< 15 мм;
- rainy if rainfall >70 mm;
- normal (otherwise).
4. Present table data Rainfall (mm) graphically, placing the diagram on sheet 2. Choose the chart type and design elements of your choice.
5. Rename Sheet 1 in Meteo, Sheet 2 in Diagram. Delete extra workbook sheets.
6) Set the sheet orientation to landscape, specify in the header ( View, Footer) your last name, and in the bottom - the date of the work.
7) Save the table with a name meteo.
Practical work No. 9. Solving problems using ET
Task 1. Imagine yourself as one of the members of the jury of the game "Formula of Fortune". You are instructed to track the number of points scored by each player and calculate the total winnings in rubles in accordance with the current exchange rate, as well as announce the winner based on the results of the game. Each point scored in the game corresponds to 1 dollar.
1. Prepare a table according to the model:
2. In cells E7:E9 enter formulas for calculation Total winnings per game (rubles) each participant, into cells Q10:D10 enter formulas to calculate the total points for a round.
3. To cell AT 12 enter a logical function to determine the winner of the game (the winner of the game is the participant in the game who has the largest total winnings for the game)
4. Check that when changing the exchange rate and the number of participants' points, the contents of the cells in which the formulas are set change.
5. Save the document with a name Luck Formula.
Additional task.
Complete one of the tasks below.
1. For a currency exchange office, create a table in which the operator, entering a number (the number of dollars exchanged), would immediately receive an answer in the form of an amount in rubles.
Reflect the current dollar exchange rate in a separate cell. Rename Sheet 1 in Exchange office. Save the document with a name Exchange office.
2. Young trees were planted in the park: 68 birches, 70 aspens and 57 poplars. Count the total number of trees planted, their percentage. Build a three-dimensional version of the pie chart.
Save the document with a name The park.
Practical work №10. Formalization and computer modeling
When solving a specific problem, it is necessary to formalize the information presented in it, and then, on the basis of formalization, build a mathematical model of the problem, and when solving a problem on a computer, it is necessary to build a computer model of the problem.
Example 1 Every day air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure are transmitted by radio. Determine on which days of the week the atmospheric pressure was normal, high or low - this information is very important for weather-sensitive people.
Formalization of the problem - atmospheric pressure is considered:
- normal if it is in the range from 755 to 765 mm Hg;
- reduced - within 720-754 mm Hg;
- elevated - up to 780 mm Hg.
To simulate a specific situation, we use the logical functions of MS Excel.
2. To cell C3 enter a logical function to determine what (normal, high or low) pressure was on each day of the week.
3. Check how the value of the cell containing the formula changes when the numerical value of atmospheric pressure changes.
4. Save the document with a name Atmosphere pressure.
Additional task.
In 1228, the Italian mathematician Fibonacci formulated the problem: “Someone placed a pair of rabbits in a certain place, enclosed on all sides by a wall. How many pairs of rabbits will be born at the same time during the year, if the nature of rabbits is such that every month, starting from the third month after its birth, a pair of rabbits produces another pair?
Formalization of the task:
This problem is reduced to a sequence of numbers, later called the "Fibonacci Sequence": 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...,
Where the first two terms of the sequence are equal to 1, and each next term of the sequence is equal to the sum of the two previous ones.
Perform a computer simulation of the Fibonacci problem.
Solutions for a notebook for practical work and individual assignments in geography for grade 7 authors A.N. Vitchenko, G.G. Butt, N.G. Stankevich Elementary course in geography.
Dear seventh graders!
Here is a geography workbook for grade 7. The implementation of the proposed tasks will help to better understand the program material. Tasks have varying degrees of difficulty. Many of them not only require knowledge of the textbook material, but also involve the analysis of atlas maps. Not all tasks are mandatory, their number and difficulty level are determined by the teacher.
This guide is divided into two sections. The first contains materials for independent work in the study of major topics. After some topics, you will find additional blank pages. They are intended for assignments that can be compiled by the teacher and offered to you to complete and control knowledge.
The second section contains materials and instructions for performing programmatic practical work, as well as the necessary contour maps. When performing practical work, pay attention to the first stage. It is called “Knowledge Update” and is an important part of every practical work. When you complete this stage, you will be able to restore in your memory the knowledge that will be necessary for the successful completion of all the work. These tasks (on the recommendation of the teacher) can be completed in advance.
CONTENTS TO THE PRINTED NOTEBOOK ON GEOGRAPHY GRADE 7 VITCHENKO
Topic 1. Atmosphere. Weather and climate 4
Topic 2. Biosphere 17
Topic 3. Population of the Earth 21
Topic 4. Political map of the world 25
Topic 5. Natural resources and economic activity 30
Topic 6. Industries 33
Topic 7. Agriculture 41
Topic 8. Transport 44
PRACTICAL WORKS ON GEOGRAPHY FOR GRADE 7 A.N. VITCHENKO
Practical work 1. Processing of weather observation materials and description of local weather page 48
Practical work 2. Description of the natural complex of the area page 53
Practical work 3. Problem solving. Determination of population change taking into account natural and mechanical movement page 56
Practical work 4. Designation on the contour map of the five largest countries in terms of area and population, their capitals and borders. Determining the population density of these countries page 59
Practical work 5. Description of the economic activities of the population of their area (based on observations and local sources of information) page 62
Practical work on the topic:
“Creation of graphic images. Vector editorinkscape »
Step 1 "Getting to know the basic tools inkscape »
the next part of the image is the clouds and
To do this, we use the tools
Fill enclosed areas and
and .
Let's draw several
ellipses, superimposing them on each other so that
so that there are no white gaps between
Then select the drawn group of ellipses using the tool Select and transform objects in one frame.
You should get the following:
Now let's use the additional function of gluing objects so that the cloud is perceived not as a group of ellipses, but as a single whole.
To do this, on the menu bar, find the item Contour-Sum:
After gluing, the cloud should look like this:
In a similar way, we will create three more clouds above the house:
Etc 
Move the clouds on the canvas to make room for the sun in the upper left corner of the canvas.
Let's start creating the sun on the canvas. To do this, take the tools:
Fill enclosed areas and
Draw stars and polygons.
Let's draw a star - by default it will be five-pointed: 
Let's press a key Edit contour nodes or
node levers. Click on the star and hover
mouse pointer to the center of the star - the central node should
light up in red. Let's pull for him, changing
the appearance of the star as shown below (i.e. thinner):
On panel Menu in the window change angles put down the value - 30 and press the key Enter:
ATTENTION! THIS PANEL IS ONLY ACTIVE WHEN THE TOOL IS PRESSED Draw stars and polygons!!!
The star will look like this:
Double click on
Palette and call the edit window
drawing Fill and stroke.
On the tab Stroke in lines RGB
let's put in the following values:
On the tab Stroke style change the stroke weight value to 0,944
As a result, the appearance of the sun should change: sun color- yellow and circuit- orange. 
Then select the clouds one by one and, opening the picture editing window Fill and Stroke, change the fill of each cloud to a gradient: 
And similarly to the sun, draw a blue outline with a width - 0,900
. The cloud will look like: 
It remains only to draw a car. To do this, we will again use the tool Draw bezier curves and straight lines. Let's fill it with color. Draw the wheels of the car with the tool Draw circles, ellipses and arcs :
We get the following picture:
Save the resulting image to
personal folder named House.svg.
Step 2 "Getting to know the filters inkscape »
In order for the image to acquire volume, there are various tools - most often they use various filters.
Let's try to give the effect of volume to our picture. To do this, select objects one by one on the drawn canvas, on the panel Menu go to section Filters and experiment with them.
The following filters were applied in this sample:
CLOUD object: Filters → Light and Shadow → Inset
SUN object: Filters → Light and Shadow → Glow
Object ROOF: Filters → Light and Shadow → Inner Shadow
HOUSE FACADE object: Filters → Light and shadow → Dark and glowing
WINDOW object: Filters → Light and Shadow → Inner Glow
DOOR object:Filters → Highlights and Shadows → Cutout Glow
CAR object: Filters → Textures → Deformed Rainbow
Save the file to a personal folder called House 2.svg.
Practical work Grade 7
|
World maps |
Country maps |
Continent maps |
general geographic |
Thematic |
small scale |
Medium scale |
large scale |
|
Physical map of the world The structure of the earth's crust |
Physical map of Russia |
Australia |
The structure of the earth's crust Climate map of the world |
Physical map of the world mother cards |
Ulyanovsk region |
Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region |
Practical work 2
Similarities:
Young mountains in the west, old mountains in the east
In the center of the continents - plains
Difference features:
In S. America, there are fewer lowlands in area, and more in South America
In South America, there is more contrast (mountains - lowlands).
Practical work 3, 4
|
Signs for comparison |
equatorial belt africa |
subequatorial |
|
Around the equator |
Between the tropic and the equator |
|
|
air masses |
||
|
1000 - 2000 mm |
In summer - 1500-2000 computers (wet) Winter - 250 mm TVM (dry) |
|
|
Floods, high humidity - negative. |
Winter droughts - negative. |
Practical work 5
Practical work 6
|
Population density, person/km² |
|||
|
S. America |
|||
|
South America |
|||
|
Australia |
|||
Practical work 7
2. Eskimos, Evenks, Indians
Practical work 8
Practical work 9
O. Madagascar
Lakes. Most are of tectonic and volcanic origin. Of the large lakes stand out: Alautra, Mantasua
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"Practical work Grade 7"
Practical work Grade 7
Grouping textbook and atlas maps according to different criteria
Give examples in the atlas of the following maps:
| World maps | Country maps | Continent maps | general geographic | Thematic | small scale | Medium scale | large scale |
| Physical map of the world The structure of the earth's crust | Physical map of Russia | Australia | Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region | The structure of the earth's crust Climate map of the world | Physical map of the world mother cards | Ulyanovsk region | Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region |
Practical work 2
Reading maps, space and aerial photographs of the continents. Description on the relief map of one of the continents. Comparison of the relief of two continents, identification of the causes of similarities and differences.
1. Description of the relief of the African continent.
In Africa, plains predominate, because. at the base of the mainland lies a platform.
In the north of the mainland are the Atlas mountains, in the south the Cape and Drakon.
2. Comparison of the relief of North America with South America.
Similarities:
Young mountains in the west, old mountains in the east
Plains in the center of the continents
Difference features:
In S. America, there are fewer lowlands in area, and more in South America
The belt of mountains in S. America is wide, in South America it is wider
In South America, there is more contrast (mountains - lowlands).
Practical work 3, 4
| Signs for comparison | equatorial belt africa | subequatorial |
| Around the equator | Between the tropic and the equator |
|
| air masses | ||
| Annual amount of precipitation, their regime; reasons for differences | 1000 – 2000 mm | In summer - 1500-2000 computers (wet) Winter - 250 mm TVM (dry) |
| The impact of climate on the life of the population | Floods, high humidity – negative. Growing tropical crops, large yields pos. | Winter droughts - negative. |
Practical work 5
Analysis of maps of anthropogenic landscapes. Identification of continents with the largest areas of such landscapes.
1m. Eurasia, 2. Africa, 3. South America, 4. North America, 5. Australia, 6. Antarctica (number of population)
Practical work 6
Comparative description of the number, population density of the continents
| Population, million people | Population density, person/km² |
|||
| S. America | ||||
| South America | ||||
| Australia | ||||
Practical work 7
Modeling on the contour map of the placement of the largest ethnic groups and small peoples, as well as large cities
1. Chinese, Arabs, Hindustanis, Americans, Bengalis, Brazilians, Russians, Mexicans, Japanese.
2. Eskimos, Evenks, Indians
Practical work 8
Identification and reflection on the contour map of the transport, commercial, raw material, recreational and other functions of one of the oceans.
Practical work 9
Description on maps and other sources of information, features of the GP, nature and population of one of the large islands
O. Madagascar
1. GP. Located in the western part of the Indian Ocean. It is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel.
2. Relief. In the central part it is elevated 1000 m, along the lowland coast 200 m.
3. Minerals: titanium, copper, lead, zinc. Especially significant are the reserves of graphite and mica, in which Madagascar ranks first in Africa and, respectively, fourth and second in the world.
4. Subevatorial (humid), tropical (dry). The amount of precipitation is 1000-1500 mm per year.
t° - 25°- 30°. Precipitation is mainly in summer.
5. Rivers. Many Large - Manguru, Mananara, Bemarivu
Lakes. Most are of tectonic and volcanic origin. Of the large lakes stand out: Alautra, Mantasua
6. Natural areas: evergreen forests, tropical deserts. There are no large mammals, except for imported domestic animals, but lemurs and small insectivorous animals are diverse here, among which tenrecs and geckos are endemic.
7. Malagasy. Agriculture. Catch a fish