The name of the button accordion of the left hand. The right accordion keyboard. Video exercises. Conversations with the button accordion
Today we will talk about one amazing musical instrument. You know that each instrument has its own voice, its own timbre individuality, that is, a special coloring of the sound. Is it possible to confuse the sound of a violin, an organ or a flute? ... But there is one musical instrument that, as it were, absorbed the voices of many instruments, for example, flute, bassoon, organ and others. You probably know this tool well. No wonder it is called "the soul of the Russian people." Guessed? ...... Yes, this is a button accordion Full name modern button accordion - multi-timbre ready - elective button accordion.
Today he is known and loved in many countries of the world. It is not for nothing that international bayan competitions are held, in which foreign musicians participate. But this is today ... And what was at the beginning of his journey?
You probably know that the button accordion originated from the harmonica. First came the harmonica. In ancient China, there was an instrument called "sheng". And the first hand harmonica was invented in Berlin in 1822. The name of the inventor of the hand harmonica is Friedrich Buschmann. He worked as an organ and piano tuner. To facilitate the tuning of organ pipes, he designed a small box with a metal tongue. When Friedrich breathed air into the box with his mouth, the tongue sounded, emitted a tone of a certain pitch. Several of these boxes, which gave sounds of a certain height, simplified the tuning of the organ. But the master did not like that one hand was busy. Then he made each tongue into the fur. He put the device next to him, stretched the fur up and let it go, shrinking under the pressure of its own weight, the fur supplied air to the tongue, and it sounded. Both hands remained free, it was not necessary to blow with the mouth, which made the work easier. Then Friedrich guessed to build all the tongues into the fur, and so that they did not sound at the same time, he equipped them with valves. Now, to obtain the desired tone, it was necessary to open one valve above the corresponding tongue, and leave the rest closed. A little later, he realized that the design he invented could be turned into an independent musical instrument. At first, it looked more like a child's toy than a musical instrument - it only had 5 buttons on the right and 5 on the left. Only very simple melodies without accompaniment could be played on it. Despite this, the accordion quickly spread throughout the world, hitting the Tula fair as well. The overseas curiosity was so fond of in Tula that it spread throughout Russia and turned into a Russian folk instrument. Moreover, in each region it changed, adjusting to local tunes. This is how the Saratov, Liven, Cherepovets, Vyatka, Bologoev harmonicas appeared. Thanks to the Russian masters appeared, in fact new tool, in which only the principle of sound extraction remained from the former harmonica.
AT In 1830, music master Ivan Sizov went to a fair in Nizhny Novgorod, and there he heard an harmonica. bought Like any inquisitive artisan, he first dismantled and studied the structure of the instrument. After making sure that there was nothing particularly complicated in it, especially for a Tula gunsmith, he took it and made the same one with his own hands. Of course, relatives and acquaintances immediately learned about this, and among them there were many craftsmen. Tula has always been famous for its craftsmen. Very soon, making harmonicas became a craze.
The path to perfection of the harmonica was long and difficult. At first it was very simple and primitive (5-7 buttons per right side and two basses on the left side). The time has come, and in this form it could no longer satisfy the increased skill of the performers. And in 1871, the Tula musician - a nugget Nikolai Ivanovich Beloborodov designed a new type of instrument - a chromatic harmonica. It already had an extended accompaniment (consisted of basses, three major and two minor chords), two rows of buttons in the right keyboard. And now 42 sounds could be played on the instrument! But the search for a more convenient design continued. And so one of the musicians, Yakov Fedorovich Orlansky - Titarenko, shared with the harmonica master Peter Yegorovich Sterligov the idea of a new instrument. Or, if the language of today's production, formulated technical task. It was in 1905. The idea inspired the master, and two years later, in 1907, an instrument was built that had more than four octaves for the right keyboard - twelve sounds each, and for the left hand - full set basses and chords for all keys without exception. In honor of the legendary ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan, he was named bayan. Bayan is a name accepted only in our country. So the laurels of the invention of the button accordion equally belong to both the musician and the master. They created a tool that was so perfect from the very beginning that in principle it has not changed so far, although, of course, there have been improvements. And everything became available to this instrument, up to a concert with a symphony orchestra. Bayan is a name accepted only in our country. Abroad, all chromatic harmonicas, whether they have keys or buttons, are called accordions. Work on improving the instrument continued for many more years. Yes, it actually continues to this day.
We have wonderful factories in Russia where they make special technology to order modern concert button accordions of the latest generation "Jupiter", "Appassionata", "Lefsha", "Russia", which are played by outstanding musicians. A multi-timbre ready-to-select button accordion is an instrument of great dynamic, timbre and acoustic capabilities, which is capable of performing the most complex works written for various tools. The level of accordion performance today is extremely high. The names of the wonderful bayan players Ivan Panitsky, Yuri Kazakov, Vladimir Besfamilny, Friedrich Lips, Vyacheslav Semenny, Yuri Shishkin and many others are known all over the world. The most complex original compositions are written for the modern button accordion. International competitions and festivals are held, talented composers write new interesting works, accordionists tour all over the world, gathering huge concert halls
References.
1 Gazaryan S.S. "In the world of musical instruments", publishing house "Prosveshchenie", Moscow. ,1989 2 Mirek A.M. "From the history of the accordion and button accordion", publishing house "Soviet composer", M., 1967.
3 Shornikova M. "Music, its forms and genres" musical literature for children's music schools and children's art schools, 1st year of study, 5th edition "Phoenix" Rostov-on-Don, 2006.
Leonid Gurulev
On the right keyboard, as we already know, the melody of a piece of music is played; left keyboard serves to play the accompaniment (accompaniment) of this melody. However, there are cases when the melody passes in the bass voice and is played on the left keyboard of the accordion.
BASS CLEF
To record bass sounds, there is a bass key, or the “fa” key, which is depicted with a special sign (see Fig.). He points out that the note F of the small octave is written on the fourth line of the staff:
Knowing the location of this sound on the stave, it is not difficult to determine the rest of the bass sounds;
FINGERING
On the left side of the accordion are buttons arranged in slightly slanted transverse rows. This whole part is called the bass keyboard.
The bass keyboard uses four fingers to play the accordion. They are designated as follows:
2 - index finger (second finger)
3 - middle (third finger)
4 - nameless (fourth finger)
5 - little finger (fifth finger)
The 1st finger is not involved in the game. It is used to press the air valve.
BASS SOUNDS
The first two longitudinal rows from the fur contain the main bass sounds. On these rows, a melodic line is played in the left keyboard.
The second row, counting from the fur, is called main. Here is a button with a small notch that corresponds to the note C. Press this button with 3rd finger:
Above the C bass sound button is the G sound button. Press it with 2nd finger:
Below the C bass button is the F note button. Tap it with your 4th finger.
Bass sounds are usually recorded within one octave.
MAIN BASS RANGE
Sometimes, in order to visualize the image of the melodic line, the basses are recorded in different octaves. In fact, they sound within the above octave.
Exercises on the main row of the left keyboard:
CHORDS
Characteristic for the accordion is the presence of buttons, when pressed, not one sound, but several sounds. This simultaneous sounding of several sounds is called chord. In the right keyboard, to get a chord, you need to press several specific keys at the same time, but in the left keyboard, chords are already given in ready-made. By pressing one button, we will hear a chord consisting of several sounds.
The chords are written in the following notes:
From these sounds ready-made chords are formed. All notes included in the chord are written on the stave one above the other:
There are chords major, minor, dominant seventh chords and reduced(we'll look at diminished chords later).
The chords are built from the main bass along the oblique transverse rows and have the same names. Below is the bass ( before) and a chord from that bass ( C major):
For easier identification of chords, symbols are used.
Major chords located in the third row of the keyboard are indicated by the letter " B".
Minor chords (fourth row of the keyboard) are indicated by the letter " M".
Dominant seventh chords (fifth row) are indicated by the number " 7
".
Below is the chord chart for the left keyboard. For now, we will consider chords only from basic sounds ( do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si). We will study the first (auxiliary) row in the next lessons, so for now I "painted" this row in gray.
If there is a designation after the bass (B, M or 7), then this chord (button) is taken from the same bass located in the main row.
When repeating the same chords, the symbols may not be written out:
If the bass and chord are written one on top of the other, then they are played simultaneously, that is, both buttons must be pressed together.
Exercises
When learning exercises, try to play evenly, counting out loud. For now, follow the fingering in the following order: the main row - the third finger, the row of major chords - the second. Follow the movement of the fur, the sound.
Name:
Group: wind reeds
Homeland: Tula
Origin: a kind of harmonica with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, basses and ready-made chord accompaniment on the left; named after the ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan.
Timbre: deep, thick, "breathing" sound, corresponding to the breadth of the Russian character.
Sound production: The sound in the bayan arises due to the vibration of the reeds - metal plates - under the influence of an air stream from the bellows.
Device: The button accordion consists of three parts - the right half-body, the left half-body, furs.
Notable artists: V. A. Romanko, Viktor Fedorovich Gridin, Fedor Valentinovich Chistyakov, "Bayan-MIX"
In fact, the button accordion is a kind of accordion.
Everyone has their flaw
Your habits, hobbies.
And there are directions in music
But there can be no doubt
What is dearest to me is the button accordion.
You say, “But how is that? He is old
And you'll be wrong.
Smile at your mistake
When he comes back to our life.
Let his sound not so loud,
Like electric guitars
The roar is coming from the speakers,
But he has something in him...
And this "something" even the most,
Rock band fanatics headstrong
Sometimes it takes to the soul.
And, believe me, the years will fly by
Windy fashion will change,
And only the button accordion will not be silent.
He will pass all fires and waters.
And together with the "Russian round dance"
Bayan will sound on Mars!
Riddles:
Stretch the fur, Seryozhka,
So that the legs start dancing.
To Petya and Tolyan
Praise your...
He has a pleated shirt
He loves to squat,
He dances and sings -
If it gets into your hands.
Forty buttons on it
With mother-of-pearl fire.
The box is on its knees
She sings, she cries loudly.
Sting on the keys Anton,
Sting on the buttons Ivan,
And the accordion sounded
And played (accordion)
Bayan is a musical instrument, a kind of harmonica with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, basses and ready-made chord or ready-to-select accompaniment on the left. Named after the ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan.
The modern bayan is equipped with a five- or three-row right keyboard, sometimes with register-switches (depending on the number of simultaneously sounding voices when one button is pressed in the right keyboard mechanism) and a ready-selectable five- or six-row left keyboard and has excellent artistic and performance capabilities, allows play not only the simplest melodies, but also masterpieces of world classics. There are two-, three-, four- and five-part button accordions.
Bayan consists of three parts - the right half-body, the left half-body, the fur chamber. The sound in the bayan arises due to the vibration of the reeds in the openings of the voice bar under the influence of an air stream from the fur chamber or into the fur chamber.
Conversations with BAYAN.
Bayan can tell a lot about himself. Look at Bayan - what a handsome man!
It's amazing how much it looks like an accordion.
Still, - the instrument boomed in a juicy, thick bass. - The accordion is my blood brother. Confuses us who does not look closely. Indeed, the Accordion
on the side of the key, like a piano, on the other - buttons. And Bayan has buttons on both the right and left. That's like the whole difference.
And when were you born?
Rarely anyone from musical instruments to such a question
ready to answer. And I know for sure that he appeared in 1907.
Yes, you are still a child! others musical instruments, for example Harp, thousands of years old. - And such successes! World fame! Must be ability
extraordinary!
The instrument was touched, sobbed in basses:
You respect me, and I will open my soul to you. - And opened it. . . The soul of this tool is a special pneumatic device, in other words, a device that acts by force. compressed air. Air is pumped by furs, it vibrates elastic metal plates-tongues.
The instrument pronounces something gloomy in bass - only reeds are in motion.
It will fill with a gentle nightingale trill - others are moving. The instrument is having fun - the tongues are dancing merrily, sad - the tongues are trembling in thought.
- So that's your secret!
- Let's clarify: not mine, but all pneumatic reed instruments, and the Accordion too.
- A you something personally than such special?
- Without false modesty I will say - improved me. So advanced that perhaps the most perfect of all pneumatic reeds.
Here the tool told its story.
It turns out that he comes from the ancient Russian city of Tula, famous for all kinds of crafts. Came out of a large family of accordions. And it was created by master Pyotr Sterligov, an accordionist. Yes, not on a whim, but by order of the artist Orlandsky-Titarenko. This artist played Russian folk songs unusually well on the accordions. But he had a dream to play even more skillfully. Thus, our hero was born. And they gave him a name, not some kind of newborn, but a proud, epic one (By the way, the name of this epic singer is found in Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila".) Yes, the instrument turned out to be so dexterous, sonorous, that he went for a walk all over Russia. And then they recognized him abroad, and everywhere he conquered hearts with a Russian melody. As time went on - the instrument matured, and he wanted to try everything in the world.
“I feel a heroic strength in myself,” said the instrument, finishing the story. - I can play any music, the most difficult. I compete with the famous Piano and the mighty Organ.
I almost forgot. . .
The name of this instrument is BAYAN.
(I draw your attention: the name of the epic singer is sometimes written through "o" - Boyan, the name of the instrument is always written through "a" - Bayan.)
The most widely known button accordions are with a three-row keyboard in the right hand and with ready-made chords in the left, five- or six-row keyboard. Such button accordions, according to the place of their original manufacture and distribution, began to be called Moscow, in contrast to the so-called Leningrad, four-row ones. Now there are button accordions with five rows on the right keyboard.
In addition, there are elective button accordions with a three-row keyboard in both the right and left hands. Here the chords are freely selectable on the keyboard, just like on the piano, depending on how they are written. Recently, combined accordions have appeared, on which you can play both as an accordion with ready-made chords, and as an elective one.
Orchestras of folk instruments use orchestral button accordions with one right keyboard. Their whole family: piccolo, soprano, alto, tenor, bass and double bass. They differ from each other not only in range, but also in timbre. In addition, there are special orchestral - timbre button accordions: in sound they are similar to the flute, clarinet, bassoon and other instruments of the symphony orchestra.
Consider the device of a conventional three-row button accordion with ready-made chords.
The box-shaped wooden body of the button accordion consists of two halves, interconnected with fur. Inside each semi-body there are decks, on which resonators with voice bars are fixed from the side of the fur, and outside - a valve mechanism with a keyboard.
The keys of the right hand are placed on a special bar - neck, and the left - on the front wall of the semi-body. Both mechanisms are covered with lattice covers from above. From the inside, the covers are pasted over with a thin thick cloth, which is a filter that protects voices from dust.
On the left half-body, a short belt is strengthened, under which, when playing, a left hand. In addition to playing the keyboard, the left hand stretches and compresses the fur, pumping air.
Two straps are attached to the right half of the body, which are worn over the shoulders and firmly hold the instrument during playing, freeing the right hand from supporting forces.
The fur is a four-sided corrugated box, pasted over with fabric on the outside. The fur is glued to small narrow wooden frames, and they are already directly attached to both halves of the body with hairpins or hooks. The places where the fur is bent - the corners - are glued from the inside with strips of husky, thin soft deerskin, and from above for greater strength they are strengthened with special metal corners.
The body of the button accordion is glued together from thin beech or birch planks. The corners of the body are glued into a spike " dovetail". In addition, the top corners are fixed with metal decorative plates that protect them from damage and sticking.
Unlike soundboards on other instruments, bayan soundboards are not a resonating device, but serve only as a mechanical airtight partition (diaphragm) between the fur chamber and the valve mechanism. They are made of good, even and durable plywood, birch or beech. Several rows of holes are drilled in the deck, which are blocked from the outside by valves and against which the holes of the resonant chambers are installed from the inside.
The sound on the button accordion arises as a result of vibrations of a thin steel plate (tongue, voice) over a slot through which a stream of air is driven. Slots are made in massive durable stainless steel strips, brass, aluminum and others. Planks are solid or split, consisting of small plates, separate for each sound, more precisely - for each pair of reeds.
Tongues or voices are made of special spring steel, they are firmly riveted to the slats above the voice slots. The dimensions of the slots, the length, width and thickness of the tongue depend on the pitch of the sound: they are the larger, the lower the sound, and vice versa. Small copper plates are soldered onto the reeds of the lowest bass tones to make them heavier.
Above the slot, from the side opposite the tongue, a strip of husky is glued, which closes the glottic fissure during the reverse movement of the air stream, and thereby reduces air consumption, fur consumption during the game.
Each pair of voices on the bar is against a small resonator chamber - gorodushka. The volume of the chamber, its shape and dimensions are important for the strength and timbre of the sound, so they are specially calculated and designed.
Gorodushki together with planks make up a separate structure, the so-called resonators. At the bottom of each gorodushka, wide holes are drilled for air passage, which coincide with the same holes in the deck. The resonators are glued together from birch or alder. Each row of keys on the neck corresponds to a separate resonator.
In all joints where there is a danger of air leakage: between the planks and walls of the towns, between the resonators and the soundboard, a seal is laid - strips of fleecy soft husky. The slats are attached to the resonators with curved studs or small studs with wide heads. In addition, the edges of the planks are filled with molten wax.
Valves are small wooden plates, on the underside of which strips of soft kid are glued, and a wire leash is fixed on top, with the help of which the valve rises and falls, blocking the holes in the deck. The fleecy side of the husky fits snugly against the soundboard, preventing arbitrary air from entering the voices, and softens the impact of the valve on the soundboard during playing. Sometimes, to reduce noise when playing, a strip of thin cloth is additionally laid between the valve tree and the husky.
The keys of the right keyboard are narrow wooden levers that are placed in the corresponding sockets on the fretboard and rotate on a wire axis. On the top side of the neck, mother-of-pearl or celluloid buttons - buttons are strengthened with a key, and holes are drilled at the other ends with a key, into which the ends of the valve leashes are screwed or glued. Below in the slots under the keys there are springs, under the action of which the valves are tightly pressed against the deck.
Thus, all three rows of valves are arranged on those button accordions where the neck is closer to back wall corps. In the same place, where the neck is located closer to the middle of the body, the third row of valves has a slightly different arrangement: the valve leads are bent in a special way and are attached to a wooden plank glued to the soundboard with the help of two loops. The end of the key is brought under the free curved end of the valve leash and presses on it, lifting the valve. In this case, the main valve springs are installed not: under the keys, but directly on the deck, near the axis of rotation of the leash. Under the key itself, in addition, there is an additional small spring that tightly presses the pushing end of the key to the end of the valve leash, eliminating the gap between them and the inevitable idling of the key in this case.
On the fretboard of a bayan of mass production, fifty-two keys are usually installed, the range is from large cu-flat to C-sharp of the fourth octave. On bayans made to order, the number of keys reaches fifty-eight, sixty-one, and even sixty-four. Range with fifty-eight keys: from large salt to mi of the fourth octave.
The arrangement of the mechanism of the left keyboard is much more complicated than the right one. The presence of a bass that has an octave tripling or even a quadrupling requires a special design of the voice plates and resonators. The push-button system of mechanics should provide wide selectivity of chords in the range of small and first octaves.
Let's consider the device of the left keyboard of the button accordion, which has one hundred and twenty bass buttons: six rows of twenty buttons in a row.
The left keyboard is associated with two rows of valves: one row (12) is for basses, and the other (also 12) is for chord voicings.
Under the bass valves are four voice bars, mounted on separate resonators, but assembled into one unit. The build of each bar differs from the adjacent one by an octave. When the valve is lifted, four octave sounds sound simultaneously, for example, when the bass button is pressed, they sound simultaneously to large, to small, to the first and to the second octaves. This octave bass boost is necessary to create a certain strength and thickness of the sound. On some button accordions, the bass is only tripled: the bar for the highest voices is not set.
Each bar has twelve pairs of voices arranged in chromatic sequence. The range of all four bass bars is from E contra octave to E flat second octave. The bass valves are controlled by the first two (from the bellows) rows of the left keyboard.
The entire complex chord keyboard controls the sound of only one resonator, which has two continuous voice bars on it. There are twelve pairs of voices on each bar, they are located on both sides, as usual, and are tuned in a chromatic sequence from G minor to F-sharp of the first octave.
All bass and chord valves are connected with special bolsters, located along the valves parallel to the deck, with the help of stud leads. For each tone - a separate roller; thus, there are two sets of rollers - twelve bass and twelve chord.
Each roller has several studs that receive force from the pushers rigidly connected to the key with a button. Buttons through the corresponding holes are displayed on the front wall of the left half of the case.
When playing, the movement from the finger is transmitted through the pusher button, on which in a certain place - near the pin of the corresponding roller - there is a small pin. The pin touches a pin, rigidly fastened to the roller, and causes the roller to turn. Turning, the roller moves the other pin on it, which, with the help of a leash, is connected to the free end of the valve leash: the valve rises and opens the holes in the deck to let air pass to the vocalists.
The mechanics of the chord keyboard also work in a similar way, with the only difference being that there are several pins on the pusher that actuate several valves at the same time. So, for example, when you press the G minor triad button, the pusher with pins touches the pins of the rollers associated with the keys of the sounds G, B-flat and D, and opens them.
The button accordion's left keyboard has six vertical rows of twenty buttons each. The first two rows, counting from the fur, are basses, the remaining four are chords. In the first row are the so-called auxiliary basses - a large third from the main bass; in the second - the main basses, tonics; in the “third row - major, large triads; in the fourth, minor, small triads; in the fifth - dominant seventh chords with a missing fifth; in the sixth - diminished seventh chords
The middle of the left keyboard has seven rows of white buttons, these are the keys of "pure" tones, their main basses do not have sharps or flats. Below the white buttons are five rows of black buttons, the main basses of which are flat. Above the white keys there are also five rows of black buttons, the main basses of which have sharps. The corresponding rows of upper and lower black buttons, although they have different names, sound the same, they are enharmonic equal (for example, the key in C sharp is enharmonic equal to the key in D flat). In other words: the black buttons at the top and bottom duplicate each other. In addition, there is one row above the black buttons and two rows of white buttons below the black ones, which duplicate the three extreme rows of white buttons.
Such a large number of duplicating keys is necessary to make it convenient for the performer to play in any key without unnecessary jumps from the top of the keyboard to the bottom and. vice versa.
Bayan belongs to a rather small group of instruments that have a wide sound range and do not require accompaniment. As is well known, this group primarily includes the piano, organ, harp, and folk harmonica, guitar, and some others. It is the versatility of the instrument, its compactness, combined with excellent sound qualities, among which the controllability of sound is the most valuable, that determined its democratic character and immense popularity, both in our country and abroad. The bayan is rightfully considered one of the most advanced and widespread types of harmonica. This is a reed keyboard-pneumatic musical instrument with a twelve-step equal temperament system.
The body of the button accordion consists of two parts (right and left), which are connected by a fur chamber (fur), it is made of beech or spruce. The outer surface is carefully polished or glued with celluloid. The fur chamber, which has 14-15 folds (borin), is made of electric cardboard, glued with silk and granitol and fixed with rounded metal corners. On the right semi-body there is a neck with a keyboard located on it for playing with the right hand. The most common bayans have three rows on the right keyboard and the number of keys is from 52 to 61.
Its range is from B-flat or G of the big octave to C-sharp or G of the fourth octave. Low sounds are produced by the keys located at the top of the fretboard, and the highest sounds are at the bottom of the fretboard. Having four or five rows on the right keyboard does not increase the instrument's range. These additional rows, called auxiliary, are a repetition of the main ones and enable the performer to easily transpose a piece of music into any other key.
On the outer side of the left semi-body there is a keyboard for the left hand with five or six rows of key-buttons. Their number is usually 100-120. On the side of the semi-body there is a belt for the left hand, which, in addition to the game function, also performs the function of mechanical science. Two shoulder straps hold the instrument in place while playing. Another strap can be used connecting them on the back. 
The basis of sound production on the button accordion is the vibration of metal reeds (voices) under the influence of an air stream. The tongue, rigidly attached at one end to the metal frame, slips freely in it under air pressure from the side of its rivet. Under the influence of pressure from the other side, it is not excited due to the overlapping of the opening for the sounding voice with a glued strip of husky (skin).
Therefore, to extract the same sound by expanding and compressing the fur, two identical tongues are needed, attached on different sides of two identical openings in the frame. The frames together with the tongues are called slats. 
The slats are mounted on special frames - resonators, divided into cells - air or resonator chambers. The entrance to each chamber is called a resonator socket. Through the openings of the socket, air is supplied from the fur chamber to the vocal reeds fixed on the walls of the air chambers of the resonators. For good tightness of the structure, the contact surface of the socket with the soundboard and the voice strips with resonators is pasted over with a husky. Resonators are attached to the deck wooden blocks and special bolts.
The loudness of the sound depends on the amplitude of the oscillation of the reed: the stronger the pressure of the air jet, the louder the sound, and vice versa. The pitch of the sound depends on the length of the tongue: shorter ones produce high-pitched sounds, longer ones - low ones. To prevent the reeds of low register sounds from being excessively large, additional weights are riveted onto them.
The timbre of the sound depends on the design of the soundboard and resonator, the shape and volume of the resonator chambers, as well as on the thickness and material of the bar, on the quality of the metal from which the voice is made, and on the profile of the voice.