The right accordion keyboard. Video exercises. Bayan: history, video, interesting facts, listen Exercises on the main row of the left keyboard

The right mechanism of the button accordion Jupiter 64/106 in the process of assembly.

So, the price of the same button accordion, the photo of which flaunts on my profile picture, is 350,000 rubles. Do not look for Swarovski inlay on the case, it is not here. This is an ordinary serial button accordion. The fact is that the production of button accordions is a long, laborious, practically non-automated process.

The time of creation of this musical instrument is longer than the time of bearing a human cub. A long eleven months pass from the moment the work begins until the birth of the finished button accordion. Eight different masters are involved in this difficult process. 80% of all production is done by hand.

Left hand action of a ready-to-select accordion, an experimental version. The process of developing a new tool model. Designer - Lavrov Viktor Petrovich.

If you decide to start making harmonicas, you should not google technical schools and universities that produce the corresponding masters. The creators of these musical instruments will have to be taught from scratch. The process of training one professional takes at least 2-3 years.

For the birth of one button accordion you will need:

Master in Nodal Mechanics

Furrier

Case maker

Resonator maker

Left mechanics assembler

Right mechanics assembler

Tuner

There is not a single person who would combine all these specialties. It is very, very rare to come across a master who is excellent at two of these eight wisdoms, but no more.

The salary of a metropolitan harmonica maker is approximately 35,000 rubles. Taking into account the cost of renting a room, it is better to organize production somewhere in the provinces, and maybe outside of our vast country.

Production of resonators: installation and gluing of partitions.
Master - Kudar Mikhail Ivanovich

Perhaps the largest harmonica factory is located in Pyongyang. 1100 people work there, of which only 80 are managers, and the rest are workers. Mostly accordions are made there. This factory and the Moscow company "Jupiter" have close friendly and partner relations.

Levers assembly with valves of the right mechanics of bayan Jupiter

Pasting mesh right mechanics.
Master Rybin Mikhail Nikolaevich

Pasting the grid of the right mechanics

Production of the right mechanics of the button accordion Jupiter 4-voice.
Master - Platonov Konstantin Mikhailovich.

This is how a musical instrument is made. The instrument turns out to be very, very nice.

Final stage creation of harmonics - tuning.

The last step is setup

By the way, the accordion is the younger brother of the button accordion, and not vice versa, as many people think.

Accordion. Photo taken by Alexey Bondarenko

In general, there are a great many harmonics. For the meticulous, here is the harmonic classification scheme

And here is Alexey himself in the process of creating his new avatar

Alexey Bondarenko is photographed for a new avatar

At the factory, even the inscriptions on the dust about music

In general, the button accordion is by no means something irrelevant, as they like to say in the vastness of Runet, but a popular, interesting and very serious musical instrument. Here.

Button accordion, accordion, harmonica... For inexperienced people who are far from music, there is no difference between these instruments: both an accordion and an accordion. Such people can calmly come to a musical instrument store and, pointing to an accordion, ask: “Give me this accordion!” They confuse accordionists with bayan players, and both of them with accordionists ...

And yet there are differences, and quite significant ones. But in order to understand how the button accordion differs from the accordion, it is necessary to say a few words about their common ancestor.

Accordion - cousin of the jew's harp

All accordions, as well as button accordions and accordions, are reed musical instruments. Since they have a keyboard, they are also considered keyboards, more precisely keyboard-pneumatic. But still, the main sign that distinguishes any accordion is the reed, a flexible steel plate, during the vibration of which the sound is obtained. In different instruments, the reed is set in motion in different ways. For example, they play the jew's harp by pressing it to their teeth and at the same time hitting the tongue with their fingers, and the mouth serves as a resonator here. By opening it narrower or wider, you can get sounds of different timbres.

How is an accordion arranged?

At the accordion, the reeds oscillate in the air flow, which the performer pumps, compressing and stretching the fur. They are fixed on metal strips with slots through which air passes, and come in different sizes: some are more massive and larger - these reeds give lower sounds, others are lighter and smaller - here the sounds are higher.

On each bar, two tongues are fixed on both sides, separated by a leather valve in such a way that only one of them vibrates when the fur is compressed, and the other when stretched. Accordingly, there are also two slots that overlap the tongues.

To amplify the sound, air chambers are used - resonators, to which the straps are attached. These resonators are wooden (usually spruce). Together with the slats, they are assembled into blocks that are installed inside the body of the accordion on the soundboard - a special partition with holes. The resonator blocks are located on the side of the deck, which is closer to the fur, and on the side of the body there are valves for air supply. These flaps are connected to buttons and covered with a grille.

When the buttons are pressed, the valves open, air flows through the deck, and the reeds vibrate to create sound.

Sometimes the sizes of the reeds on the soundbars, which means their musical tone, may differ. Therefore, all accordions are divided into two large groups: in one, the reeds at the “input” and “output” are the same, the most famous accordion of this type is lame. In the second group, these reeds differ, which gives sounds of different pitches. This type includes accordions such as talyanka (distorted "Italian").

Differences between left and right keyboards

The buttons on the left keyboard are located on the case itself. It is intended for accompaniment. Pressing one button on it opens several resonator chambers at once, and a whole chord sounds.

The melody itself is played on the right keyboard. Here, the buttons are located on a neck attached to the body, and are equipped with metal levers that go to the valves. They are arranged in one or more rows (hence the names "one-row", "two-row", etc.). Pressing one button opens only one resonator - and therefore a single pure musical tone sounds.

First hand harmonicas

In 1783, the Czech master Kirshnik, who lived in St. Petersburg, discovered a new (as it seemed to him) way to extract sounds - with the help of metal reeds. In 1821, the Berlin master Bushman created a harmonica based on this method, and the following year he tried to attach fur to it. In 1829, the Viennese inventor Cyril Demian came up with an instrument that he called the accordion, because its left keyboard was the same as that of modern harmonicas - chordal: pressing one button gave a whole chord. However, this instrument did not yet have a right keyboard.

Approximately in the 1830s, the novelty penetrated into Russia, acquired a simple name there - an accordion - and gained great popularity.

From accordion to button accordion and accordion

But the musicians immediately noticed that simple harmonies also have drawbacks. For example, they have a limited sound range (few octaves). As a rule, they have only one key, and are either major or minor.

Therefore, the question soon arose of inventing such a musical instrument that would have the advantages of an accordion, but at the same time would have an extensive scale and a uniformly tempered musical scale (i.e., such a scale where each octave is divided into 12 mathematically equal semitones). This tuning has been used in academic music for several centuries. Another name for it is "full chromatic scale".

Throughout the 19th century various firms and masters in Europe and Russia worked on improving the accordion. A right one was added to the left keyboard, various prototypes of the button accordion and accordion with a piano keyboard appeared - among them the “piano harmonica” from the city of Yelets and the chromatic harmonica by Nikolai Ivanovich Beloborodov, created in 1870.

In 1907, the inventor Petr Egorovich Sterligov made the first three-row button accordion, and in 1913 a five-row button accordion.

At about the same time, chromatic harmonicas with piano keyboards, that is, modern accordions, spread to Europe. AT Soviet Union they came about in the 1930s.

Bayan and accordion: similarities

Firstly, as already mentioned in the article, both the button accordion and the accordion are chromatic harmonics, that is, they have a uniformly tempered system (12 semitones per octave) and a large range of octaves.

Secondly, the button accordion and accordion are similar, in particular the left keyboard. It is intended for bass notes (the first two rows of buttons) and for chords (the remaining four rows - major, minor, seventh chord, diminished seventh chord).

Types of button accordions and accordions

Coming to a musical instrument store to buy a suitable harmonica, you need to know that there is one more important nuance.

Both button accordions and accordions are divided into three types: ready-made, elective, and ready-selective. Ready-made left keyboard is configured as described above. For electives, it, just like the right one, is needed in order to extract not chords, but individual notes. In the third type - ready-elective - you can switch between the two modes. To switch on the left keyboard there is a special register key. In select mode, rows with chords turn into a kind of right keyboard of a four-row button accordion, only mirrored.

Professional musicians most of all love ready-to-select accordions and button accordions, since the possibilities of these instruments are very wide. They are a little more difficult to master than ready-made ones, but you can play almost anything on them - even Bach's fugues.

What is the difference between bayan and accordion

In addition to the different shape of the body (it is more rectangular for the button accordion, more rounded for the accordion), and the shape of the neck (the neck for the accordion is longer), the main difference between the button accordion and the accordion is the keyboard for the right hand.

On the right keyboard of the bayan there are three to five rows of buttons representing the full chromatic scale and covering the range of 5-6 octaves. There are both 3-row and 5-row button accordions, and in a five-row button accordion, the first and second rows of buttons are similar to the fourth and fifth. When playing on it, this facilitates the transition from one key to another.

The accordion's right keyboard is a series of massive piano-like keys. As a rule, there are 41 keys on the fretboard. More right keyboard has several register switches. With their help, they change the timbre of the sound or its pitch, making the sound an octave higher or lower. Concert accordion models also have switches that can be pressed with the chin without interrupting the playing.

However, the accordion keyboard itself covers a smaller range than the button accordion keyboard. Being a button accordion-like musical instrument, the accordion (apart from register switches) can only play three and a half octaves.

And finally, the main difference between the button accordion and the accordion is the sound. In the accordion, the voice reeds are tuned with a slight dissonance; the musicians call this “in spill”, which gives a more velvety sound. The button accordion has reeds tuned in unison, and the sound is clearer.

Today we will talk about one amazing musical instrument. You know that each instrument has its own voice, its own timbre individuality, that is, a special coloring of the sound. Is it possible to confuse the sound of a violin, an organ or a flute? ... But there is one musical instrument that, as it were, absorbed the voices of many instruments, for example, flute, bassoon, organ and others. You probably know this tool well. No wonder it is called "the soul of the Russian people." Guessed? ...... Yes, this is a button accordion Full name modern button accordion - multi-timbre ready - elective button accordion.

Today he is known and loved in many countries of the world. It is not for nothing that international bayan competitions are held, in which foreign musicians participate. But this is today ... And what was at the beginning of his journey?

You probably know that the button accordion originated from the harmonica. First came the harmonica. In ancient China, there was an instrument called "sheng". And the first hand harmonica was invented in Berlin in 1822. The name of the inventor of the hand harmonica is Friedrich Buschmann. He worked as an organ and piano tuner. To facilitate the tuning of organ pipes, he designed a small box with a metal tongue. When Friedrich breathed air into the box with his mouth, the tongue sounded, emitted a tone of a certain pitch. Several of these boxes, which gave sounds of a certain height, simplified the tuning of the organ. But the master did not like that one hand was busy. Then he made each tongue into the fur. He put the device next to him, stretched the fur up and let it go, shrinking under the pressure of its own weight, the fur supplied air to the tongue, and it sounded. Both hands remained free, it was not necessary to blow with the mouth, which made the work easier. Then Friedrich guessed to build all the tongues into the fur, and so that they did not sound at the same time, he equipped them with valves. Now, to obtain the desired tone, it was necessary to open one valve above the corresponding tongue, and leave the rest closed. A little later, he realized that the design he invented could be turned into an independent musical instrument. At first, it looked more like a child's toy than a musical instrument - it only had 5 buttons on the right and 5 on the left. Only very simple melodies without accompaniment could be played on it. Despite this, the accordion quickly spread throughout the world, hitting the Tula fair as well. The overseas curiosity was so fond of in Tula that it spread throughout Russia and turned into a Russian folk instrument. Moreover, in each region it changed, adjusting to local tunes. This is how the Saratov, Liven, Cherepovets, Vyatka, Bologoev harmonicas appeared. Thanks to the Russian masters appeared, in fact new tool, in which only the principle of sound extraction remained from the former harmonica.

AT In 1830, music master Ivan Sizov went to a fair in Nizhny Novgorod, and there he heard an harmonica. bought Like any inquisitive artisan, he first dismantled and studied the structure of the instrument. After making sure that there was nothing particularly complicated in it, especially for a Tula gunsmith, he took it and made the same one with his own hands. Of course, relatives and acquaintances immediately learned about this, and among them there were many craftsmen. Tula has always been famous for its craftsmen. Very soon, making harmonicas became a craze.

The path to perfection of the harmonica was long and difficult. At first it was very simple and primitive (5-7 buttons per right side and two basses on the left side). The time has come, and in this form it could no longer satisfy the increased skill of the performers. And in 1871, the Tula musician - a nugget Nikolai Ivanovich Beloborodov designed a new type of instrument - a chromatic harmonica. It already had an extended accompaniment (consisted of basses, three major and two minor chords), two rows of buttons in the right keyboard. And now 42 sounds could be played on the instrument! But the search for a more convenient design continued. And so one of the musicians, Yakov Fedorovich Orlansky - Titarenko, shared with the harmonica master Peter Yegorovich Sterligov the idea of ​​a new instrument. Or, if the language of today's production, formulated technical task. It was in 1905. The idea inspired the master, and two years later, in 1907, an instrument was built that had more than four octaves for the right keyboard - twelve sounds each, and for the left hand - full set basses and chords for all keys without exception. In honor of the legendary ancient Russian singer-storyteller Boyan, he was named bayan. Bayan is a name accepted only in our country. So the laurels of the invention of the button accordion equally belong to both the musician and the master. They created a tool that was so perfect from the very beginning that in principle it has not changed so far, although, of course, there have been improvements. And everything became available to this instrument, up to a concert with a symphony orchestra. Bayan is a name accepted only in our country. Abroad, all chromatic harmonicas, whether they have keys or buttons, are called accordions. Work on improving the instrument continued for many more years. Yes, it actually continues to this day.

We have wonderful factories in Russia where they make special technology to order modern concert button accordions of the latest generation "Jupiter", "Appassionata", "Lefsha", "Russia", which are played by outstanding musicians. A multi-timbre ready-to-select button accordion is an instrument of great dynamic, timbre and acoustic capabilities, which is capable of performing the most complex works written for various tools. The level of accordion performance today is extremely high. The names of the wonderful accordionists Ivan Panitsky, Yuri Kazakov, Vladimir Besfamilny, Friedrich Lips, Vyacheslav Semenny, Yuri Shishkin and many others are known all over the world. The most complex original compositions are written for the modern button accordion. International competitions and festivals are held, talented composers write new interesting works, accordionists tour all over the world, gathering huge concert halls

References.

1 Gazaryan S.S. "In the world of musical instruments", publishing house "Prosveshchenie", Moscow. ,1989 2 Mirek A.M. "From the history of the accordion and button accordion", publishing house "Soviet composer", M., 1967.

3 Shornikova M. "Music, its forms and genres" musical literature for children's music schools and children's art schools, 1st year of study, 5th edition "Phoenix" Rostov-on-Don, 2006.

In the Russian tradition, it is customary to call accordion instruments with a right-handed piano-type keyboard, but there are also button accordions with a keyboard like a button accordion. The very name was given

Main components:

Frame. For the manufacture of the body, beech, maple, alder, birch wood was used and is most often used. But accordions with an oak body are extremely rare and are made only to order. But sheets of aluminum are necessary for the manufacture of the lattice. Outside, the body is pasted over with celluloid.

Vulture. The melody keys are placed on the neck, it is attached to the right half of the body. And it is made from the same material as the body.

Fur. For the manufacture of fur, cardboard is pasted over with a cloth, hermetically fastened to the right and left half-hulls. It consists of 13 or more folds, which, when squeezing and unclenching, create air circulation that makes the instrument "sing".

By the way, here's a hack: the fur folds should be pasted over with adhesive tape or electrical tape in order to avoid too rapid wear of the crev fur at the points of contact with the chest of the performer ...

Resonators. A necessary part of sound extraction are resonators with voice bars.

Voice bars. Voice strips are called metal plates with openings, above which the tongues are located. Each note has a separate reed. The shorter the reed, the higher the sound, respectively, the longer - the lower. The tongues are riveted to the plate with their thickened end, the free end of the tongue enters the slot of the plate and vibrates under the action of a passing air stream, forming a sound. Voice strips are made of non-ferrous metals, brass and aluminum. The quality of the sound depends on the precision of the reed attachment, the quality of the material, and the type of body wood.

register system. Made from aluminum and brass. Used to change tone.

Device.Two keyboards connected with furfor pumping air into the keyboard-pneumatic mechanism. Device air valves accordion:

Musical instrument mechanismallows you to control the air flow through the reeds , up to its complete cessation (green arrows in the diagram). Depending on the direction of the air flow, one of the two reeds of the same tone of the chamber fluctuates (blue and orange arrows in the diagram). In others musical instruments(For example, harmonica ) the reeds of one chamber may differ in musical tone - harmonist changing the direction of movement of the fur changes the pitch (musical note) without removing the finger from the key. The left (side, bass) keyboard of the accordion is arranged differently: pressing one button, thanks to a complex mechanism, opens several cameras at the same time ( chord ). The mechanism is common to accordions, button accordions and other similar musical instruments.

There are several varieties of accordions: normal and ready-elective .

In the usual bass ( left hand) plays as expected according to the series scheme:

In the picture you see a diagram of a conventional left keyboard in a mirror image (B - major, M - minor, 7 - seventh chord, Um - diminished chord).

But in the ready-to-elective there is a switch from the above scheme to a completely different one. By means of the switch, the accordion switches to the mode of changing the entire left keyboard to only basses (notes). That is, where in the usual chords, in the selective keyboard - notes.

The left keyboard in the selection is the mirror right keyboard on the button accordion.

Accordions are also classified by size:
1. Full - 4/4 - 41 keys; range - from F small octave to la third octave.
2. 7/8 - 37 keys; range - from F small octave to F third octave).
3. 3/4 - 34 keys; range - from salt small octave to mi third octave.
4. Half - 1/2 - 26 keys; range - from si small octave to before third octave.

Everything seems to be ... Something like that. If you have any additional questions or something is not clear - do not hesitate - contact us.
Oh yes, there are also electronic accordions, but that's another story...
P.S. If you notice any errors in text, please let me know.