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Fake flywheel. Flywheel is an edible mushroom, tasty and fragrant. Description of the appearance of a brown flywheel

The mushroom called "mossiness mushroom" is a related mushroom for boletus and belongs to the Boletov family. The name of the genus is due to the fact that its representatives are a symbiosis of fungus and moss. Mokhovik settles in places of abundant growth of moss, usually in mixed and coniferous forests, sometimes in deciduous. It can be found in the tundra, alpine zone, in ravines and on old trees and stumps. Mushroom season continues from the beginning summer period until the end of the autumn months. About eighteen species of mossiness mushrooms are now known.

Description of the species

A distinctive feature of the flywheel is a velvety and dry hat, turning blue at the cut point. At a young age, the hat has the shape of a hemisphere, but over time it takes the form of a pillow with even edges. The color of the hat depends on the variety.: It ranges from light golden and brown colors to vibrant reds and cherry hues. The surface of the cap may have cracks or be smooth and become sticky in inclement rainy weather (it all depends on the variety: the fissured mushroom is characterized by cracks, and the Polish mushroom is characterized by a smooth surface of the cap).

The tubular part of the cap in young mushrooms has an orange-golden hue, in adult mossiness mushrooms it becomes brown-green or olive. If you press on it, it will turn blue. No nets, no rings, no scales can be found on the legs. At the cut point and under pressure, the leg turns blue as well as the hat.

Flywheel yellow-brown: description (video)

Varieties

The most popular and delicious varieties of flywheel are red, green, fissured and Polish flywheel, which can be eaten raw.

Among the people, the Polish variety is called "mushroom brown" and chestnut mushroom. His smooth hat is chestnut in color. In adult specimens, it begins to shine and becomes sticky in rainy weather. The hat reaches fifteen centimeters in size, the leg of the Polish flywheel grows up to twelve centimeters in height.


The Polish variety is more often found in coniferous plantings, the growth season of this fungus falls on the period from June to November.

green flywheel outwardly similar to the Polish variety, however, the color of the cap has a brown, green tint. The legs of both of the species described above take the form of a cylinder, often bent and have a slight thickening in the upper or lower part. They are painted in light brown and brown shades, brighter in the middle part.

red flywheel distinguished by a rich red or raspberry cap with a velvety texture. The color of the caps of adult mushrooms approaches a brown tint. Red mossiness mushrooms grow in deciduous plantings and plantings of shrubs.


The red flywheel and the fissured flywheel are smaller in size, unlike the Polish and green relatives: the diameter of the cap is not more than ten centimeters, and the height of the stem also does not exceed ten centimeters. The legs of both varieties have a pinkish or reddish tint at the base, which in the region of the cap flows into a bright yellow color.

Flywheel fissured it's easy to know. The fleshy cap of the mushroom with a dry matte surface is painted in dark red and looks like a shell with many cracks and with a rich pink mesh pattern. At the site of the cut of the fungus in the region of the base of the stem and under the skin of the cap, a strip of pink or red-purple color is found. The pulp of the fissured fungus has a white-yellowish color. At the fracture site, it acquires a blue color, which then transforms into red. In the autumn months, you can meet a representative of the fissured flywheel without cracks on the hat. In summer, cracks are always present.


How to distinguish a real mushroom from a false flywheel

Mokhovik false is not one of the poisonous mushrooms, but has an inconspicuous taste. For this reason, mushroom pickers bypass it with their attention. In a copy of a rather small size (usually does not happen more than five centimeters). Also, the false flywheel lacks aroma and taste. A false moss fly can be distinguished from a real one by paying attention to the place of its growth: false mushrooms grow from false mycelium, and this feature applies only to false mushrooms. The cut of false specimens does not acquire a blue tint. It is not advised to fill your basket with a false flywheel.

Where and when to collect flywheels (video)

cooking options

All parts of the mushroom are edible. Before cooking, the flywheel is processed by removing the colored peel. Mokhovik is prepared using a large number of ways: it is fried with sour cream and butter, marinated, steamed and cooked with them in delicious soups.

Hot salting is popular with housewives. Moss mushrooms are poured with boiling water to preserve the color and boiled in boiling brine using an enameled container.

Moss mushrooms can be dried. Some mushroom pickers hang mushrooms strung on threads in a dry, ventilated place or outdoors. Some housewives prefer drying in the oven or over a working stove.

We will present to your attention several recipes for dishes from mossiness mushrooms.


Soup with moss mushrooms

Soup with mushrooms is boiled for about half an hour. For cooking use water or meat broth. To begin with, mushrooms are processed and prepared by cutting off the legs and washing. Then three hundred grams of mushrooms, one onion, herbs, three potatoes and green onions are cut.

AT separate container pour two liters of water or broth, then place on the stove. Mushrooms are fried in vegetable oil for eight minutes. Then add the onion and cook for another four minutes. The contents of the pan are dipped in boiling broth or water, salted, two tablespoons of pearl barley are added and cooked for ten minutes (fire is medium). At the next stage, potatoes are added and the soup is boiled for fifteen minutes. In conclusion, greens are added and the soup is allowed to brew under a closed lid for seven minutes. The dish is served with sour cream.


Aspic with turkey and mushrooms

To begin with, the broth is boiled from the turkey, then the mushroom broth is prepared separately. Boiled meat, mushrooms and greens are placed in the molds. The next step is to soak the gelatin, which is then placed in the mushroom broth. The broth is heated to boiling point, salt and pepper are added. The broth is cooled and passed through gauze. Finally, the molds are poured with the resulting broth and placed in the refrigerator to solidify.

Fried Mokhovik: recipe (video)

Despite the fact that moss mushrooms do not belong to the category of valuable mushrooms, they can be used to cook delicious food. If mushrooms with the best characteristics are not found in the forest, do not deprive the flywheel of attention.

Gallery: moss mushroom (25 photos)

The mushroom of the mossiness family is popularly called differently. The most famous is the lattice. The variety belongs to the class of pain. The name is closely related to the location and growth. The fact is that a mushroom is an interaction of two unique organisms: and moss.

The variety of forest gifts got its name because it grows in mossy areas. It can be found:

  • in the forest;
  • along the slopes of ravines;
  • on stumps;
  • on the bark of old trees.

Can be found in the tundra or alpine zone. As for appearance, it has a number of distinctive characteristics.

  1. The hat is dry and resembles velvet.
  2. The shape resembles a hemisphere.
  3. The color of the head in all species is different: from the lightest tones to bright red.
  4. The leg shines, changing color when pressed.
  5. It has no characteristic odor or visible scales.

Many experienced lovers of collecting forest gifts claim that the leg is elongated and thin, and the hats are similar to butterflies.

Mokhovik belongs to the class of bolter

Description of varieties of flywheel

The mushroom family has many subspecies. There are the most popular among the people, and rare, found in certain areas.

Its other name is goat. Popular and one of the most favorite varieties among mushroom pickers. About the choice is explained by the rather pleasant taste and forest aroma.

  • The hat is 10-15 cm in size and has a golden brown, and sometimes brown color. The skin is velvety and dry, after rain it is slimy and slippery.
  • The leg looks like a cylinder. It rises to a high-rise up to 10 cm, and in thickness it reaches 3 - 3.5 cm. The color is usually lighter than the head, has a golden tone and shine.
  • On the cut, the surface is slightly blue. The body of the green flywheel is dense, white in color.

This species grows in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest belts. Green loves the sun and warmth very much. The most frequent habitats are edges, bottoms of dry ditches and trails. They are sometimes found in abandoned anthills.

Flywheel red

A kind of tasty mossiness mushrooms can be found in deciduous forests. They like to settle on abandoned trails and forest roads. They are quite rare and grow in small groups.

  • The hat grows up to 9 cm and has a pinkish color. It is also cushion-like and slightly fibrous.
  • The leg is 13 cm long and 2 cm thick, looks like a cylinder.
  • A little blue on the cut.
  • The pulp of the red variety is dense, with a yellowish tint.

Flywheel red

Gallery: moss mushroom (25 photos)



















Flywheel yellow-brown

Scientists have found similarities in the properties of the species with the genus oil, although in appearance they are completely different.

The upper part of a brown or yellow shade is quite large in size - 15 cm. The edges are tucked inward, forming a wavy edge. The surface cracks during growth and changes tone:

  • in small ones - gray-yellow;
  • in mature ones - reddish;
  • full height - light ocher.

The peel is poorly removed and separated from the pulp, when pressed on the leg or hat, it gives off cyanosis. The base reminds geometric figure- rounded cylinder Height - 10cm, thickness - 3cm. Ripe lemon color. The body is dense and light yellow.

Flywheel yellow-brown

Polish

Other names used by the people are associated with the color of the upper part - brown, chestnut. This is the head color. Adult specimens shine, become slimy and sticky after wet weather and rains. Prefers to grow in forests where most species are conifers.

How to distinguish a false moss fly from an edible one

False varieties are not all dangerous and poisonous. Some are just inedible. They are not harvested because of an unpleasant bitterness, a taste that does not give the usual aroma and beneficial nutritional properties. Differences from edible in the description of appearance and their location:

  • small in size: head up to 5 cm;
  • lack of forest or mushroom smell;
  • on the cut, a bright manifestation of blue;
  • grow from the mycelium of the same twins, where they appear.

Collect false views to the basket, hoping that during processing they will become as tasty and healthy as real ones, it is not worth it. Hopes do not come true. It will be a waste of time and effort.

Features of the moss mushroom (video)

Poisonous flywheel twins

With edible varieties of flywheel twins, they are mostly confused by beginners of quiet hunting. But anyone can make a mistake, so everyone needs to know what dangerous analogues look like. This will protect the mushroom picker, will not make a walk through the forest useless.

chestnut mushroom

The upper part is convex. Its color is brown-red. The head grows up to 8 cm in width. The cylindrical base is the same color as the cap. More often, mushroom pickers confuse the species with the Pan (Polish) species. You can not be afraid of mistakes, the variety is not included in the group of poisonous, but if confused with satanic, poisoning is guaranteed.

chestnut mushroom

gall fungus

Outwardly similar to a chestnut flywheel. Bile has a bitter taste, an unpleasant pungent odor. Differences of the bile twin:

  • on the basis of a grid of a brown shade;
  • pink body (the real one has white flesh);
  • soft pulp (the original has a solid body);
  • remains the same shade as before pressing.

The bile variety is not liked by insects, so it is always whole and strong.

gall fungus

Satanic

The species is poisonous and dangerous. It has a similarity with the flywheel, but also special distinctive properties:

  • clear mesh on the leg;
  • reddish tone of the legs;
  • dirty white color on the hat;
  • red spore sponge.

When cut, Satanic turns blue or pink. The main difference is the place of growth. The dangerous variety chooses deciduous forests and an alkaline environment.

Pepper fly

Convex, but not voluminous, like the original head. The edges are wavy and uneven. The color of the upper part is similar to the original, but lighter, yellower. The false variety is toxic and poisonous.

Where to collect flywheels (video)

Moss mushroom recipes

Edible forest gifts are advised to cook by choosing the recipe you like best. Before starting cooking, the skin is removed from the surface of the cap, leaving only the colorless pulp. You can cook such a dish that it will amaze family members and guests.

hot salting

Mushrooms are placed in a saucepan and poured over with hot boiling water. Then a brine is prepared and mushroom raw materials are placed in it. Leave for a few days. Then they put it on the table, like ordinary salted mushrooms, seasoning vegetable oil and onion grass or head. The taste will delight and surprise.

Soup

For soup, take meat broths or plain water.

  • First, mushrooms are prepared: mushrooms are cut into small pieces, after removing the top layer from the legs and thoroughly washing the surface.
  • Mushrooms are fried. First, only mushrooms are fried separately, then chopped onions and greens are added to taste.
  • Roasting is placed in boiling broth or cooked water. Boil over low heat, salt to taste.
  • After 10 minutes add pearl barley(2 tablespoons), potatoes (2-3 pieces).

Boil all ingredients for 15 minutes. At the end, spices are added and left to infuse under a closed lid.

The total preparation time is 30 minutes. The soup is served with sour cream.

Moss mushroom soup

Jellied

The dish will require two main components: mushrooms and turkey.

  • Prepare two broths: mushroom and meat.
  • Cut the turkey and mushrooms into thin strips into molds for aspic. Everyone is trying to create a beautiful picture.
  • For decor, fresh greens are used, which are placed between meat and mushrooms.
  • Gelatin is prepared separately and poured into broths.
  • Liquids are combined, mixed with gelatin, salted, saturated with spices.
  • The broth is passed through gauze, poured into molds.
  • The dish is placed in the refrigerator to harden.

Mushroom Pate

Fried mushrooms

  • Moss mushrooms are cut into pieces and placed in a pan. Start cooking (frying) with a small amount oils.
  • Gradually, when a beautiful crust appears on the surface, oil is added and frying continues.
  • Pour a third of a glass of red wine into the dish, cover with a lid to saturate.
  • Separately cook fried onions and herbs. Fans of vegetable seasonings can add tomato to the onion, Bell pepper, carrot.
  • The vegetable mixture is not mixed with mushrooms, but placed side by side.

How to pickle mushrooms (video)

Real moss mushrooms are tasty, giving a special aroma and mushroom smell. It can be found in various forests in most areas. Like many mushroom families, the flywheel has twins that are dangerous and inedible. To walk through the forest with complete confidence in your knowledge, you need to prepare for a quiet hunt.

Gallery: moss mushroom (43 photos)




































And if for meat-eaters mushrooms are just a part of a varied diet, then for vegetarians it is truly an indispensable product. For them, mushrooms can completely replace meat. And one of the best "meat substitutes" can be called flywheel. In addition, this tasty "forester" is never poisonous.

How to recognize a flywheel

Mokhovik is a tubular representative of the Boletov family (which also includes porcini They even look a little alike.) Mushroom pickers recognize the flywheel by its massive hemispherical hat, which becomes flat in old specimens. A velvety dry cap, depending on the type of mushroom, can be brown-brown or olive-green, the leg is wrinkled, white and without a ring. The pulp is quite hard, yellowish, although after damage (on the cut) it quickly changes color - turns blue. But such external transformations do not affect the taste characteristics of the product.

In search of flywheels, you can go to any forest. They are found in deciduous, mixed and pine forests. The only requirement is the presence of moss. As the name already implies, these forest dwellers simply adore the moss bedding, on which they are comfortably accommodated either alone or in whole families.

Mossiness season is long. The first mushrooms appear at the beginning of summer, and the last specimens of mushroom pickers are collected in late autumn.

What is useful

Speaking about the beneficial properties of mushrooms, first of all it is customary to recall the rich content of proteins. Mokhovik, like his relatives, is also generous with, chemical composition which are very similar to meat. This protein product is useful for restoring physical strength, during a period of intensive growth and muscle building. Protein is necessary for people involved in mental activity, as well as for the strengthening and regeneration of almost all tissues in the body. In addition, the proteins contained in the product are a set of essential for humans, without which healthy activity is impossible. By the way, some sources claim that the flywheel is the leader in the content of amino acids among other mushrooms.

The second plus of this delicacy is a rich vitamin composition. Mokhoviki is a storehouse, as well as many. It is possible to almost completely restore the daily norm from one serving of these mushrooms. In addition, they are rich, and.

To unique characteristics moss mushroom belong to special essential oils and contained in hats. These substances influence the rate of digestion of food. This means that the flywheel improves performance digestive system and the quality of assimilation of nutrients from food.

It also has natural antibiotic properties, strengthens the immune system and is useful for increasing hemoglobin. AT traditional medicine known as a product with diuretic, tonic and anti-inflammatory properties. It was used for the rapid healing of wounds, as a natural antiseptic. And due to the presence of molybdenum, it is useful for the treatment of the thyroid gland. The rich vitamin composition of mossiness mushrooms is the key to good vision, healthy hair and beautiful skin. The ability to speed up the metabolism has created the glory of the fungus mushroom against obesity. The unique chemical composition of moss mushrooms makes them useful for the functioning of the brain, kidneys, as well as for the rapid restoration of bone and muscle tissue.

Frequent consumption of mushrooms in large quantities is highly undesirable for people with digestive disorders. Mossiness mushrooms that are difficult to digest can exacerbate the disease. Refusing the product is important for people with mushrooms or with chronic diseases. In any form, they should not be given to children under 3 years of age. And absolutely everyone is forbidden to eat mushrooms collected in contaminated areas, along roads or near industrial facilities. Such a product accumulates a huge amount of carcinogens in the pulp and turns from quite useful into poison.

As already mentioned, mossiness mushrooms are not poisonous. But only if a real moss fly got into the basket, and not a panther fly agaric that looks like it - one of the most poisonous forest inhabitants. In order not to be mistaken, we must remember that mossiness mushrooms are tubular mushrooms, and fly agarics are lamellar.

What diseases can be cured with mushrooms

As already mentioned, mossiness mushrooms are a natural antibiotic. And all because of the substance boletol, which is part of the chemical composition of the product. This compound has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps in the treatment of many diseases. It is known that mushroom extract is useful for people with cirrhosis of the liver, atherosclerosis, nervous disorders, anemia, reduced immunity, depression,. This product improves blood circulation, treats inflammation and suppuration on the skin (dried mushroom powder is used). In alternative medicine, it is used as a remedy.

How to cook

In order for the mushroom to be digested quickly and easily, culinary specialists and nutritionists advise grinding it. Some mushroom pickers believe that the flywheel does not need additional pre-cooking, as it does not contain toxins. Although if the dish is intended for schoolchildren, the elderly, people with digestive disorders or weakened after illness, then it is better to boil the product first and then cook the desired dish from it.

The most popular among mushroom pickers are Polish and green mossiness mushrooms. Despite the fact that they belong to the third food category, they are quite tasty, especially fried ones. Many people like to pickle them for the winter. By the way, so that the mushrooms intended for salting do not darken, they should first be poured over with boiling water and only after this procedure should be lowered into boiling water ( important rule: the pan in which the moss mushrooms are cooked must be enameled). Boiled moss mushrooms can be stored in the refrigerator for 3 days, and frozen, dried or canned - up to a year.

In culinary needs, legs and hats are used. Gourmets distinguish mossiness mushrooms from other mushrooms by their delicate fruity flavor. These mushrooms go well with cabbage, cheese. The taste of stewed mushrooms is perfectly emphasized by fried onions and. Suitable with seasonings Bay leaf, allspice, dill seeds, cloves.

"Silent hunting" is not only good way relax, but also a great opportunity to pamper the body useful substances, which are found exclusively in forest mushrooms. Mokhovik is one of those mushrooms that do not really hide from people. Wherever there is a soft moss carpet, most likely, a tasty, healthy mushroom lurks.

Moss mushrooms are in special demand all over the world. They gained their popularity not only due to their attractive appearance, but also due to their high taste.

Moss mushrooms: description, types

This type of mushroom belongs to the well-known genus Boletovs. Adult specimens reach more than 20 cm in diameter. Depending on the species, the flesh acquires a yellow, reddish, bluish tint. Like all mushrooms, the hymenophore is located at the bottom. The hymenium of the flywheel is tubular. The pores are much wider than those of other types of forest mushrooms.

Types of flywheels:

  • green;
  • yellow-brown;
  • red;
  • brown (Polish);
  • fissured.

Moss mushrooms are a relative of the boletus.

Edible mushrooms differ from false ones in the presence of a bluish color, which is released when pressed on the hymenophore. The stem of the mushroom is covered with wrinkles. It reaches 8 cm in length. Spore powder can be of different colors.

Flywheel fissured

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. You can meet him from July to October. Compared to other species, the fissured mushroom cap is thick and fleshy. From above it is matte, richly covered with cracks of various sizes. The hat grows up to 10 cm in diameter.

In adults, the flesh has a slimy texture, which is not very suitable for making salads.

The flesh is red, rarely white. The stem of the mushroom has a cylindrical shape. It differs in the skin of a yellowish hue, near the base it is reddish. In an adult specimen, it can reach 6 cm in length and about 2 cm in diameter.

The fungus mushroom is distinguished by a fissured color of the pulp when pressed. Initially, it turns blue, but after a few minutes the place turns red.

This type is suitable for salting, preservation, frying. Also, the cracked flywheel is dried and added to.

Description of the appearance of a brown flywheel

The brown type of flywheel is often called the Polish mushroom. It has a brown hat that takes the shape of a pillow. In diameter, it reaches 20 cm. The lower part of the cap is whitish. When pressed, a bluish or brownish spot appears.

Cylinder-shaped leg, thick. It grows up to 14 cm long and 4 cm in diameter. When pressed, it also changes its color to blue. The pulp is quite dense. In fresh mushrooms, it has a pleasant fruity or mushroom aroma.

Polish mushrooms are the most popular. They are also dried, fried, pickled, frozen. Also use brown mushrooms in their raw form.

Mushrooms are collected in coniferous, less often in mixed forests. They grow from July to November. It all depends on the region.

Feature of the red flywheel

An equally popular look, which is easily recognizable by its rich red cap. He prefers deciduous foxes, or rather the areas are covered with moss and grass.

Since the red flywheel darkens quickly, it is recommended to cook it immediately after the cut.

The hat is small. In an adult fungus, it does not exceed 8 cm in diameter. The gemenophore is yellowish in color and turns blue with the slightest pressure. The leg has a cylindrical shape. Its height reaches 10 cm. It grows about 1 cm in diameter. The main part is yellow, but closer to the base it becomes red-pink.

As for the pulp, it is quite dense with a yellowish tint. Such mossiness mushrooms grow from August to September. When raw, it exudes a pleasant aroma, which disappears during cooking.

Compared with other species, red flywheel is not recommended to be dried or frozen. This is due to the fact that the pulp quickly darkens and the blanks lose their presentation. Such mushrooms are salted, canned and fried.

Distinctive features of the yellow-brown flywheel

Scientists who have been studying yellow-brown flywheels argue that this species must be attributed to the genus Maslyat. This is due to the fact that the structure of the fungus is very similar to a butter dish, although outwardly it does not resemble it at all.

The hat has a brownish-yellow hue, the edges are bent. Its size is about 144 mm. In adult specimens, it changes its color to light ocher. The skin is very difficult to separate from the pulp. When pressed, a saturated blue spot remains.

The stem of this fungus is long and cylindrical. It grows up to 90 cm tall. The thickness of the legs is about 3.5 cm, lemon shade. As for the pulp, in the yellow-brown flywheel it is dense and quite hard. Mushroom picking is carried out from July to October.

green flywheel

The most recognizable type of mushroom. This flywheel is distinguished by a rich brown hat, which can exceed 10 cm in diameter. The leg of this species is also cylindrical, of a green hue. Closer to the base, it expands. In height, the mushroom grows up to 9 cm. The thickness of the stem does not exceed 3 cm.

The green type of flywheel is not suitable for drying, since the blanks can darken during long-term storage.

The pulp of the green flywheel is distinguished by its density and elasticity, which mushroom pickers really like. When cut, it changes its hue to blue. Green flywheel grows near roads, in fields. You can also see it in the forests. Mushrooms appear from the second part of May to the end of October.

How to distinguish dangerous mossiness mushrooms from edible ones

Twins taste bad. In syrup and dried form, they contain bitterness, which does not always disappear even during heat treatment.

Moss fly twins:

  1. Chestnut. Red-brown hat. The flesh is white, does not change its color. It is this mushroom that is often confused with the Polish mushroom.
  2. Gallic. Such a flywheel grows from June to October. The cap is slightly wavy along the edges. It contains a pink liquid, which gives a bitter taste. The gall fungus is never damaged by insects.
  3. . The hat is light brown in color, convex. The flesh is light with a yellowish tint. On the cut, such a mushroom changes its color to red.

Knowing all the features of moss mushrooms, you can provide your whole family with healthy and tasty preparations. The main thing is not to confuse false and edible specimens, otherwise the dishes will be spoiled.

Gathering mushrooms in the swamp - video

What a huge variety of species of moss mushrooms.

How to learn to distinguish edible, tasty mushrooms from false bitter ones?

In this article, we will consider in detail almost all types of these delicious mushrooms, as well as analyze the features of collection, processing and storage.

Let's talk about the benefits and dangers of mushrooms of this type and what delicious things can be prepared from them.

In summer, walking in a coniferous forest, you can find a moss mushroom. And they called it that because of the place where it most often grows - moss.

Mokhovik is a mushroom from the genus of edible tubular mushrooms, the Boletov family. Previously, all species were part of the genus Mokhovik, but later some of them were assigned to the genera Borovik and Pseudobolt.

Mokhovik is considered a relative of the boletus. Variegated, green, Polish and red mossiness mushrooms are the most delicious.

Hat

The flywheel's hat is dry, slightly velvety. In rainy weather, the hat can become sticky and damp. With the growth and aging of the fungus, as well as in dry weather, the cap is covered with scales, they appear from cracking the cap.

The shape is semicircular and convex with smooth edges. The size can be reached from 4 to 20 centimeters in diameter. The pulp separates from the skin very poorly.

The color scheme of the flywheel cap is varied from light beige to dark brown, with many shades and tones.

Leg

Moss fly leg, most often lighter than the cap. In shape, it is diverse, it can be curved, thickening now from below, then in the center in some species even from above, closer to the hat.

The skin of the leg, depending on the type, is either smooth or ribbed, or mesh. In length it can reach 8 cm. Volvo and the ring on the leg are missing.

pulp

According to the consistency, the pulp of the flywheel is compacted with a cotton-like center. On the cut, the flesh has a yellowish-beige color, less often reddish. One of the important features of this fungus is the ability of the pulp to turn blue or black on the cut and when pressed with a finger.

Hymenophore

The geminophore is tubular, it can be up to 2 cm long. The mouth and pores of the tubules, both small and large, depend on the type of fungus. The color is also varied from yellow-green to yellow-brown.

The hymenium is also located here - on which spore-forming cells develop. Powdered spores are olive and all shades of brown.

Moss fly's ability to turn blue

This feature cannot be attributed to signs indicating the toxicity of the fungus. Substances in the pulp of the flywheel react with oxygen, the process of oxidation of the open surface begins when cut or broken. The resulting dark film is the protection of the fungus from subsequent damage.

Moss fly habitat

The habitat of the flywheel is extensive and varied. It can be found in both coniferous and deciduous forests. Naturally, it can also be found in mixed forests. The moss fly loves sandy soil among mosses, it can also grow on anthills.

Moss fly distribution geography: Russia, Australia, North Africa, Asia, North America. In forests of temperate latitudes.

Varieties of flywheels

There are no poisonous mushrooms among mossiness mushrooms. The truth about some species is controversial. Fly mushrooms can be divided into several conditional groups: edible, false and poisonous mushrooms.

In Russia, only 7 varieties of flywheel can be found, in total there are 18 species in the genus.

For convenience, consider the main features of the flywheel varieties.

Edible mushrooms

polish mushroom

Cap: The cap of the Polish mushroom can grow up to 20 cm in diameter. The shape is similar to a pillow of a dark brown shade. The surface is sticky, but in hot weather it can be dry.

Leg: The leg reaches 10 - 12 cm in length and up to 4 cm in width. The color of the legs is brown, but always lighter than the cap.

Pulp: Pulp with a pronounced mushroom aroma, fleshy texture with a creamy yellow tint, darkens on the cut.

Tubular layer and spores: The tubular layer is golden in color, becoming yellowish-beige over time. Spores are ellipsoid, olive-brown.

Distribution: Find Polish fungus in coniferous and deciduous forests. It is not very common, but there are fruitful years. You can collect from June to November, depending on the region.

Taste and preparation: polish mushroom considered one of the most delicious mushrooms in Europe, late mushrooms are especially good. You can cook it in a variety of ways, for the winter it is dried or pickled.

Flywheel fissured

Hat: The convex hat grows up to 10 cm in diameter. The surface of the cap, with the aging of the fungus, cracks. The color of the cap is brown, less often light brown. The texture is thick and fleshy. Red and white pulp can be seen in the cracks.

Leg: The leg is cylindrical, grows up to 9 cm in height with a maximum thickness of 1.5 cm.

Pulp: The pulp of a friable consistence on a break turns blue, later blackens. The pores are angular and wide.

Tubular layer and spores: While the flywheel is fissured, its small tubular layer yellow color, later becomes with a greenish tint, with wide angular pores.

Distribution: It is possible to collect fissured flywheel from July to September, in coniferous and deciduous forests, it grows on loose acidic soils.

Taste and preparation: It is best to eat the fissured flywheel when young; in dishes it has a slimy texture. The mushroom can be boiled, fried, salted, dried, pickled.

Flywheel red

Hat: The color of the cap is red-brown, thanks to this coloring, the mushroom got its name. The hat is about 7 cm in diameter. Felt or velvety to the touch.

Leg: The leg is thin, not more than 1 cm thick and up to 10 cm long, red in color with yellowish spots.

Pulp: It has a dense pulp with a yellow tint, it quickly darkens when cut.

Tubular layer and spores: The tubular layer is dirty yellow with red-brown spores.

Distribution: It grows mainly in deciduous forests, most often in oak forests. You need to collect Mokhovik red from August to September.

Taste and preparation: It has a pleasant smell, it is better to eat immediately. Not suitable for long term storage.

Flywheel green

Hat: The hat of Mossiness green has a golden brown color. On average, it grows up to 15 cm in diameter. The shape is cylindrical, tapering towards the bottom. The velvety surface cracks with the aging of the fungus.

Stem: Cylindrical stem widens towards the base and has a yellowish-brown to reddish-brown hue. The height of the leg reaches 11 cm. The width is 1.5 cm.

Pulp: Oily pulp of white or cream color, slightly blue when broken.

Tubular layer and spores: The pores of the green flywheel are faceted with age, changing color from yellow to yellow-green. Spores spindle-shaped brown-olive color.

Distribution: Find the green boletus, most often in oak forests from mid-May to early October.

Taste and preparation: The taste of green flywheel is very pleasant with hints of fruity aftertaste. When dried, sometimes it has a sharp, bad smell. Before cooking, it is better to remove the skin from the cap. Suitable for frying, boiling and marinating.

False flywheels, description, main features.

Mokhovik chestnut

The shape of the cap changes with the growth of the fungus. At first, it is convex, with time it becomes pillow-shaped. Can reach 8 cm in diameter. The skin is velvety, cracking in the process of aging.

The color is predominantly brown, less often red-brown or with a grayish tint. The leg is hollow, brownish in color. cylindrical shape 3.5 by 3 cm. On the cut, the color does not change. The color is cream or white, does not darken on the cut. Has a bitter taste, non-toxic.

It is very similar to the porcini mushroom, due to the massive strong stem. The hat is a spongy formation with a pinkish substance, it can reach 7 cm in diameter. It can also be easily confused with boletus and boletus. It has a very bitter taste, which is enhanced by heat treatment. Has no smell. Not poisonous.

poisonous mushrooms

wood moss

Hat from 4 to 8 cm in diameter. The shape is hemispherical red-brown. The stem reaches 10 cm and about 2 cm wide, the color is mostly the same as that of the cap. The flesh is yellow and very firm. The mushroom is poisonous.

pepper mushroom

Very similar to the red flywheel. The hat is convex in shape, about 7 cm in diameter, light brown. The pulp is of a loose consistency of a yellow tint, it turns red on the cut, in contrast to the blue of mossiness mushrooms. The leg can grow up to 8 cm long and 2 cm wide. The leg and tubular layer are red, more yellow towards the base. The mushroom is poisonous.

The benefits and harms of flywheels

To useful properties mossiness mushrooms can be attributed to its low calorie content, which is only 19 kcal. per 100 g. These mushrooms are actively used in dietary nutrition.

They are also a storehouse of vitamins and minerals. The composition of these mushrooms includes vitamins A, B, C, D, PP, amino acids. Enzymes: amylase, lipase, oxidoreductase and proteinase.

Essential oils, minerals: potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, molybdenum, as well as proteins and carbohydrates. Another valuable useful quality of these mushrooms is the ability to treat infectious and colds, as they are a natural antibiotic.

There are practically no harmful properties of this type of mushroom. They are a heavy food and are contraindicated for people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. It is also not recommended to feed them to children under 3 years of age and allergy sufferers.

The main sign of an edible flywheel is its ability to turn blue or blacken on the cut and when we press on the body of the fungus.

Moss mushrooms can begin to be collected already at the beginning of summer and until the onset of cold weather, somewhere until mid-October. When picking mushrooms, you need to remember that if you damage the mycelium, there will no longer be mushrooms in this place. Only the body of the fungus is cut off, and the mycelium is left in the ground.

Mushrooms must be immediately sorted out, removing spoiled and wormy mushrooms.

Washed and peeled mushrooms must be immediately filled with water with the addition of citric acid and salt, since when it comes into contact with air, the oxidation process begins and the mushrooms turn black.

It is advisable to cook the mushrooms immediately, but if necessary, they can be kept in the refrigerator for a couple of days in the marinade. Extra mushrooms are best frozen or dried immediately.

Mokhoviki are very good pickled and salted. The marinade is made on the basis of vinegar with the addition of various seasonings, but they can be salted both cold and hot.

Moss mushrooms are used to prepare a wide variety of dishes. Mushrooms have a bright mushroom taste and aroma, they are used to prepare soups, salads, gravies, aspic, add to pizza and sauces.